PMC:7589163 / 91366-96382 JSONTXT

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T404","span":{"begin":1743,"end":1766},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T405","span":{"begin":1749,"end":1766},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T406","span":{"begin":3610,"end":3615},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T407","span":{"begin":4235,"end":4240},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T408","span":{"begin":4804,"end":4821},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A404","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T404","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma45662"},{"id":"A405","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T405","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma265130"},{"id":"A406","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T406","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576"},{"id":"A407","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T407","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576"},{"id":"A408","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T408","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma265130"}],"text":"Study Author Country Study Population Dosage Results\nRandomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of the efficacy of treatment with zinc or vitamin a in infants and young children with severe acute lower respiratory infection. Mahalanabis et al., 2004 [253] India 153 children hospitalized with severe ALRI 10 mg twice daily for 5 days Significantly reduced duration of fever and very ill status in boys, but not in girls.\nEfficacy of zinc in the treatment of severe pneumonia in hospitalized children \u003c2 y old. Bose et al., 2006 [254] India 299 children hospitalized with severe pneumonia 20 mg/day during hospital stay No overall effect on the duration of hospitalization or of clinical signs associated with severe infection.\nA randomized controlled trial of the effect of zinc as adjuvant therapy in children 2–35 months of age with severe or nonsevere pneumonia in Bhaktapur, Nepal. Valentiner-Branth et al., 2010 [255] Nepal Over 2000 children with pneumonia 10 mg if aged 2–11 months, 20 mg if aged \u003e or =12 months, for 14 days No decrease in risk of treatment failure nor accelerated recovery.\nA randomized controlled trial of oral zinc in acute pneumonia in children aged between 2 months and 5 years. Ganguly et al., 2011 [256] India 98 children with pneumonia 10 mg/day if \u003c1 year, 20 mg if \u003e1 year of age No improvement in symptom duration.\nThe efficacy of zinc supplementation on outcome of children with severe pneumonia. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Valavi et al., 2011[257] Iran 128 children with severe pneumonia 2 mg/kg/day, max 20 mg, for 5 days Shorter time for symptoms resolution and shorter hospital stay.\nZinc Supplementation in Severe Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Children: A Triple-Blind Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial. Bansal et al., 2011 [258] India Children hospitalized with ALRI 20 mg/day for 5 days No decrease in recovery time or in duration of hospital stay.\nRole of zinc in severe pneumonia: a randomized double bind placebo-controlled study. Shah et al., 2012 [259] Nepal Children hospitalized for severe pneumonia 20 mg/die for 7 days No effect on clinical recovery from severe pneumonia.\nA randomized controlled trial of zinc as adjuvant therapy for severe pneumonia in young children. Basnet et al., 2012 [260] Nepal 610 children with severe pneumonia 10 mg if \u003c11 months, 20 mg/day if \u003e11 months, for 14 days Slightly faster recovery, slightly lower risk of treatment failure but not statistically significant.\nZinc adjunct therapy reduces case fatality in severe childhood pneumonia: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Srinivasan et al., 2012 [261] Uganda 352 children with severe pneumonia 20 mg if ≥12 months, 10 mg if \u003c12 months, for 7 days No significant effect on time to resolution of symptoms; decreased mortality rate.\nEfficacy of zinc given as an adjunct in the treatment of severe and very severe pneumonia in hospitalized children 2–24 months of age: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Wadhwa et al., 2013 [262] India 550 children hospitalized with severe pneumonia 20 mg/day during hospital stay No difference in time to recovery.\nZinc as an adjunct to the treatment of severe pneumonia in Ecuadorian children: a randomized controlled trial. Sempertegui et al., 2014 [263] Ecuador 450 children hospitalized with pneumonia 20 mg/day during hospital stay No effect on time to pneumonia resolution nor in treatment failure rate.Higher basal zinc concentrations associated with faster resolution of chest indrawings.\nEffect of zinc supplementation on infants with severe pneumonia. Yuan et al., 2016 [264] China 73 infants hospitalized for pneumonia 10 mg/day if \u003c6 mo; 20 mg/day if \u003e6 moduring hospital stay No improvements on clinical outcomes.\nZinc as an adjunct therapy in the management of severe pneumonia among Gambian children: randomized controlled trial. Howie et al., 2018 [265] Gambia Over 600 children with severe pneumonia 10 mg if \u003c12 mo; 20 mg if \u003e 20 mo, for 7 days No benefit in treatment failure rates or time to recovery from respiratory symptoms; marginal benefit in rapidity of resolution of chest indrawings.\nZinc supplementation promotes a th1 response and improves clinical symptoms in fewer hours in children with pneumonia younger than 5 years old. A randomized controlled clinical trial. Acevedo-Murillo et al., 2019 [266] Mexico 103 children hospitalized for pneumonia 10 mg/day if \u003c1 year; 20 mg/day if \u003e1 year during hospital stay Quicker improvement in clinical status, oxygen saturation and respiratory rate. Patients’ baseline zinc levels were below normal range.\nA randomized controlled trial of zinc supplementation in the treatment of acute respiratory tract infection in Thai children. Rerksuppaphol et al., 2019 [267] Thailand 64 hospitalized children with ALRI 30 mg/day during hospital stay Faster symptoms resolution and shorter hospital stay."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T191","span":{"begin":1743,"end":1766},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T192","span":{"begin":1749,"end":1766},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T193","span":{"begin":3610,"end":3615},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T194","span":{"begin":4235,"end":4240},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T195","span":{"begin":4804,"end":4821},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A191","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T191","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001558"},{"id":"A192","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T192","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000065"},{"id":"A193","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T193","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443"},{"id":"A194","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T194","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443"},{"id":"A195","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T195","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000065"}],"text":"Study Author Country Study Population Dosage Results\nRandomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of the efficacy of treatment with zinc or vitamin a in infants and young children with severe acute lower respiratory infection. Mahalanabis et al., 2004 [253] India 153 children hospitalized with severe ALRI 10 mg twice daily for 5 days Significantly reduced duration of fever and very ill status in boys, but not in girls.\nEfficacy of zinc in the treatment of severe pneumonia in hospitalized children \u003c2 y old. Bose et al., 2006 [254] India 299 children hospitalized with severe pneumonia 20 mg/day during hospital stay No overall effect on the duration of hospitalization or of clinical signs associated with severe infection.\nA randomized controlled trial of the effect of zinc as adjuvant therapy in children 2–35 months of age with severe or nonsevere pneumonia in Bhaktapur, Nepal. Valentiner-Branth et al., 2010 [255] Nepal Over 2000 children with pneumonia 10 mg if aged 2–11 months, 20 mg if aged \u003e or =12 months, for 14 days No decrease in risk of treatment failure nor accelerated recovery.\nA randomized controlled trial of oral zinc in acute pneumonia in children aged between 2 months and 5 years. Ganguly et al., 2011 [256] India 98 children with pneumonia 10 mg/day if \u003c1 year, 20 mg if \u003e1 year of age No improvement in symptom duration.\nThe efficacy of zinc supplementation on outcome of children with severe pneumonia. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Valavi et al., 2011[257] Iran 128 children with severe pneumonia 2 mg/kg/day, max 20 mg, for 5 days Shorter time for symptoms resolution and shorter hospital stay.\nZinc Supplementation in Severe Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Children: A Triple-Blind Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial. Bansal et al., 2011 [258] India Children hospitalized with ALRI 20 mg/day for 5 days No decrease in recovery time or in duration of hospital stay.\nRole of zinc in severe pneumonia: a randomized double bind placebo-controlled study. Shah et al., 2012 [259] Nepal Children hospitalized for severe pneumonia 20 mg/die for 7 days No effect on clinical recovery from severe pneumonia.\nA randomized controlled trial of zinc as adjuvant therapy for severe pneumonia in young children. Basnet et al., 2012 [260] Nepal 610 children with severe pneumonia 10 mg if \u003c11 months, 20 mg/day if \u003e11 months, for 14 days Slightly faster recovery, slightly lower risk of treatment failure but not statistically significant.\nZinc adjunct therapy reduces case fatality in severe childhood pneumonia: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Srinivasan et al., 2012 [261] Uganda 352 children with severe pneumonia 20 mg if ≥12 months, 10 mg if \u003c12 months, for 7 days No significant effect on time to resolution of symptoms; decreased mortality rate.\nEfficacy of zinc given as an adjunct in the treatment of severe and very severe pneumonia in hospitalized children 2–24 months of age: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Wadhwa et al., 2013 [262] India 550 children hospitalized with severe pneumonia 20 mg/day during hospital stay No difference in time to recovery.\nZinc as an adjunct to the treatment of severe pneumonia in Ecuadorian children: a randomized controlled trial. Sempertegui et al., 2014 [263] Ecuador 450 children hospitalized with pneumonia 20 mg/day during hospital stay No effect on time to pneumonia resolution nor in treatment failure rate.Higher basal zinc concentrations associated with faster resolution of chest indrawings.\nEffect of zinc supplementation on infants with severe pneumonia. Yuan et al., 2016 [264] China 73 infants hospitalized for pneumonia 10 mg/day if \u003c6 mo; 20 mg/day if \u003e6 moduring hospital stay No improvements on clinical outcomes.\nZinc as an adjunct therapy in the management of severe pneumonia among Gambian children: randomized controlled trial. Howie et al., 2018 [265] Gambia Over 600 children with severe pneumonia 10 mg if \u003c12 mo; 20 mg if \u003e 20 mo, for 7 days No benefit in treatment failure rates or time to recovery from respiratory symptoms; marginal benefit in rapidity of resolution of chest indrawings.\nZinc supplementation promotes a th1 response and improves clinical symptoms in fewer hours in children with pneumonia younger than 5 years old. A randomized controlled clinical trial. Acevedo-Murillo et al., 2019 [266] Mexico 103 children hospitalized for pneumonia 10 mg/day if \u003c1 year; 20 mg/day if \u003e1 year during hospital stay Quicker improvement in clinical status, oxygen saturation and respiratory rate. Patients’ baseline zinc levels were below normal range.\nA randomized controlled trial of zinc supplementation in the treatment of acute respiratory tract infection in Thai children. Rerksuppaphol et al., 2019 [267] Thailand 64 hospitalized children with ALRI 30 mg/day during hospital stay Faster symptoms resolution and shorter hospital stay."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T436","span":{"begin":224,"end":245},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T437","span":{"begin":236,"end":245},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T438","span":{"begin":492,"end":501},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T439","span":{"begin":608,"end":617},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T440","span":{"begin":748,"end":757},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T441","span":{"begin":887,"end":896},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T442","span":{"begin":988,"end":997},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T443","span":{"begin":1183,"end":1198},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T444","span":{"begin":1299,"end":1308},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T445","span":{"begin":1465,"end":1474},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T446","span":{"begin":1595,"end":1604},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T447","span":{"begin":1749,"end":1776},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T448","span":{"begin":1767,"end":1776},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T449","span":{"begin":2017,"end":2026},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T450","span":{"begin":2145,"end":2154},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T451","span":{"begin":2221,"end":2230},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T452","span":{"begin":2301,"end":2310},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T453","span":{"begin":2390,"end":2399},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T454","span":{"begin":2625,"end":2634},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T455","span":{"begin":2753,"end":2762},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T456","span":{"begin":2981,"end":2990},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T457","span":{"begin":3163,"end":3172},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T458","span":{"begin":3287,"end":3296},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T459","span":{"begin":3425,"end":3434},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T460","span":{"begin":3489,"end":3498},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T461","span":{"begin":3682,"end":3691},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T462","span":{"begin":3754,"end":3763},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T463","span":{"begin":3918,"end":3927},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T464","span":{"begin":4046,"end":4055},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T465","span":{"begin":4361,"end":4370},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T466","span":{"begin":4512,"end":4521},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T467","span":{"begin":4804,"end":4831},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T468","span":{"begin":4822,"end":4831},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A436","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T436","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0024355"},{"id":"A437","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T437","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A438","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T438","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"},{"id":"A439","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T439","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"},{"id":"A440","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T440","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A441","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T441","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"},{"id":"A442","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T442","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"},{"id":"A443","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T443","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"},{"id":"A444","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T444","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"},{"id":"A445","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T445","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"},{"id":"A446","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T446","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"},{"id":"A447","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T447","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0024355"},{"id":"A448","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T448","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A449","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T449","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"},{"id":"A450","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T450","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"},{"id":"A451","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T451","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"},{"id":"A452","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T452","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"},{"id":"A453","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T453","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"},{"id":"A454","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T454","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"},{"id":"A455","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T455","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"},{"id":"A456","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T456","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"},{"id":"A457","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T457","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"},{"id":"A458","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T458","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"},{"id":"A459","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T459","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"},{"id":"A460","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T460","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"},{"id":"A461","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T461","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"},{"id":"A462","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T462","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"},{"id":"A463","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T463","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"},{"id":"A464","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T464","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"},{"id":"A465","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T465","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"},{"id":"A466","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T466","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"},{"id":"A467","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T467","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0024355"},{"id":"A468","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T468","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"}],"text":"Study Author Country Study Population Dosage Results\nRandomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of the efficacy of treatment with zinc or vitamin a in infants and young children with severe acute lower respiratory infection. Mahalanabis et al., 2004 [253] India 153 children hospitalized with severe ALRI 10 mg twice daily for 5 days Significantly reduced duration of fever and very ill status in boys, but not in girls.\nEfficacy of zinc in the treatment of severe pneumonia in hospitalized children \u003c2 y old. Bose et al., 2006 [254] India 299 children hospitalized with severe pneumonia 20 mg/day during hospital stay No overall effect on the duration of hospitalization or of clinical signs associated with severe infection.\nA randomized controlled trial of the effect of zinc as adjuvant therapy in children 2–35 months of age with severe or nonsevere pneumonia in Bhaktapur, Nepal. Valentiner-Branth et al., 2010 [255] Nepal Over 2000 children with pneumonia 10 mg if aged 2–11 months, 20 mg if aged \u003e or =12 months, for 14 days No decrease in risk of treatment failure nor accelerated recovery.\nA randomized controlled trial of oral zinc in acute pneumonia in children aged between 2 months and 5 years. Ganguly et al., 2011 [256] India 98 children with pneumonia 10 mg/day if \u003c1 year, 20 mg if \u003e1 year of age No improvement in symptom duration.\nThe efficacy of zinc supplementation on outcome of children with severe pneumonia. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Valavi et al., 2011[257] Iran 128 children with severe pneumonia 2 mg/kg/day, max 20 mg, for 5 days Shorter time for symptoms resolution and shorter hospital stay.\nZinc Supplementation in Severe Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Children: A Triple-Blind Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial. Bansal et al., 2011 [258] India Children hospitalized with ALRI 20 mg/day for 5 days No decrease in recovery time or in duration of hospital stay.\nRole of zinc in severe pneumonia: a randomized double bind placebo-controlled study. Shah et al., 2012 [259] Nepal Children hospitalized for severe pneumonia 20 mg/die for 7 days No effect on clinical recovery from severe pneumonia.\nA randomized controlled trial of zinc as adjuvant therapy for severe pneumonia in young children. Basnet et al., 2012 [260] Nepal 610 children with severe pneumonia 10 mg if \u003c11 months, 20 mg/day if \u003e11 months, for 14 days Slightly faster recovery, slightly lower risk of treatment failure but not statistically significant.\nZinc adjunct therapy reduces case fatality in severe childhood pneumonia: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Srinivasan et al., 2012 [261] Uganda 352 children with severe pneumonia 20 mg if ≥12 months, 10 mg if \u003c12 months, for 7 days No significant effect on time to resolution of symptoms; decreased mortality rate.\nEfficacy of zinc given as an adjunct in the treatment of severe and very severe pneumonia in hospitalized children 2–24 months of age: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Wadhwa et al., 2013 [262] India 550 children hospitalized with severe pneumonia 20 mg/day during hospital stay No difference in time to recovery.\nZinc as an adjunct to the treatment of severe pneumonia in Ecuadorian children: a randomized controlled trial. Sempertegui et al., 2014 [263] Ecuador 450 children hospitalized with pneumonia 20 mg/day during hospital stay No effect on time to pneumonia resolution nor in treatment failure rate.Higher basal zinc concentrations associated with faster resolution of chest indrawings.\nEffect of zinc supplementation on infants with severe pneumonia. Yuan et al., 2016 [264] China 73 infants hospitalized for pneumonia 10 mg/day if \u003c6 mo; 20 mg/day if \u003e6 moduring hospital stay No improvements on clinical outcomes.\nZinc as an adjunct therapy in the management of severe pneumonia among Gambian children: randomized controlled trial. Howie et al., 2018 [265] Gambia Over 600 children with severe pneumonia 10 mg if \u003c12 mo; 20 mg if \u003e 20 mo, for 7 days No benefit in treatment failure rates or time to recovery from respiratory symptoms; marginal benefit in rapidity of resolution of chest indrawings.\nZinc supplementation promotes a th1 response and improves clinical symptoms in fewer hours in children with pneumonia younger than 5 years old. A randomized controlled clinical trial. Acevedo-Murillo et al., 2019 [266] Mexico 103 children hospitalized for pneumonia 10 mg/day if \u003c1 year; 20 mg/day if \u003e1 year during hospital stay Quicker improvement in clinical status, oxygen saturation and respiratory rate. Patients’ baseline zinc levels were below normal range.\nA randomized controlled trial of zinc supplementation in the treatment of acute respiratory tract infection in Thai children. Rerksuppaphol et al., 2019 [267] Thailand 64 hospitalized children with ALRI 30 mg/day during hospital stay Faster symptoms resolution and shorter hospital stay."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T806","span":{"begin":168,"end":169},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T807","span":{"begin":759,"end":760},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T808","span":{"begin":845,"end":847},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001000"},{"id":"T809","span":{"begin":1015,"end":1017},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733"},{"id":"T810","span":{"begin":1137,"end":1138},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T811","span":{"begin":1476,"end":1477},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T812","span":{"begin":1743,"end":1766},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001558"},{"id":"T813","span":{"begin":1790,"end":1791},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T814","span":{"begin":2028,"end":2029},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T815","span":{"begin":2232,"end":2233},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T816","span":{"begin":2411,"end":2413},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733"},{"id":"T817","span":{"begin":2436,"end":2438},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733"},{"id":"T818","span":{"begin":2636,"end":2637},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T819","span":{"begin":3036,"end":3037},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T820","span":{"begin":3321,"end":3322},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T821","span":{"begin":3610,"end":3615},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965"},{"id":"T822","span":{"begin":3781,"end":3783},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007815"},{"id":"T823","span":{"begin":3996,"end":4000},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001185"},{"id":"T824","span":{"begin":4070,"end":4072},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007815"},{"id":"T825","span":{"begin":4088,"end":4090},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007815"},{"id":"T826","span":{"begin":4235,"end":4240},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965"},{"id":"T827","span":{"begin":4283,"end":4284},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T828","span":{"begin":4397,"end":4398},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T829","span":{"begin":4724,"end":4725},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"}],"text":"Study Author Country Study Population Dosage Results\nRandomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of the efficacy of treatment with zinc or vitamin a in infants and young children with severe acute lower respiratory infection. Mahalanabis et al., 2004 [253] India 153 children hospitalized with severe ALRI 10 mg twice daily for 5 days Significantly reduced duration of fever and very ill status in boys, but not in girls.\nEfficacy of zinc in the treatment of severe pneumonia in hospitalized children \u003c2 y old. Bose et al., 2006 [254] India 299 children hospitalized with severe pneumonia 20 mg/day during hospital stay No overall effect on the duration of hospitalization or of clinical signs associated with severe infection.\nA randomized controlled trial of the effect of zinc as adjuvant therapy in children 2–35 months of age with severe or nonsevere pneumonia in Bhaktapur, Nepal. Valentiner-Branth et al., 2010 [255] Nepal Over 2000 children with pneumonia 10 mg if aged 2–11 months, 20 mg if aged \u003e or =12 months, for 14 days No decrease in risk of treatment failure nor accelerated recovery.\nA randomized controlled trial of oral zinc in acute pneumonia in children aged between 2 months and 5 years. Ganguly et al., 2011 [256] India 98 children with pneumonia 10 mg/day if \u003c1 year, 20 mg if \u003e1 year of age No improvement in symptom duration.\nThe efficacy of zinc supplementation on outcome of children with severe pneumonia. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Valavi et al., 2011[257] Iran 128 children with severe pneumonia 2 mg/kg/day, max 20 mg, for 5 days Shorter time for symptoms resolution and shorter hospital stay.\nZinc Supplementation in Severe Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Children: A Triple-Blind Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial. Bansal et al., 2011 [258] India Children hospitalized with ALRI 20 mg/day for 5 days No decrease in recovery time or in duration of hospital stay.\nRole of zinc in severe pneumonia: a randomized double bind placebo-controlled study. Shah et al., 2012 [259] Nepal Children hospitalized for severe pneumonia 20 mg/die for 7 days No effect on clinical recovery from severe pneumonia.\nA randomized controlled trial of zinc as adjuvant therapy for severe pneumonia in young children. Basnet et al., 2012 [260] Nepal 610 children with severe pneumonia 10 mg if \u003c11 months, 20 mg/day if \u003e11 months, for 14 days Slightly faster recovery, slightly lower risk of treatment failure but not statistically significant.\nZinc adjunct therapy reduces case fatality in severe childhood pneumonia: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Srinivasan et al., 2012 [261] Uganda 352 children with severe pneumonia 20 mg if ≥12 months, 10 mg if \u003c12 months, for 7 days No significant effect on time to resolution of symptoms; decreased mortality rate.\nEfficacy of zinc given as an adjunct in the treatment of severe and very severe pneumonia in hospitalized children 2–24 months of age: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Wadhwa et al., 2013 [262] India 550 children hospitalized with severe pneumonia 20 mg/day during hospital stay No difference in time to recovery.\nZinc as an adjunct to the treatment of severe pneumonia in Ecuadorian children: a randomized controlled trial. Sempertegui et al., 2014 [263] Ecuador 450 children hospitalized with pneumonia 20 mg/day during hospital stay No effect on time to pneumonia resolution nor in treatment failure rate.Higher basal zinc concentrations associated with faster resolution of chest indrawings.\nEffect of zinc supplementation on infants with severe pneumonia. Yuan et al., 2016 [264] China 73 infants hospitalized for pneumonia 10 mg/day if \u003c6 mo; 20 mg/day if \u003e6 moduring hospital stay No improvements on clinical outcomes.\nZinc as an adjunct therapy in the management of severe pneumonia among Gambian children: randomized controlled trial. Howie et al., 2018 [265] Gambia Over 600 children with severe pneumonia 10 mg if \u003c12 mo; 20 mg if \u003e 20 mo, for 7 days No benefit in treatment failure rates or time to recovery from respiratory symptoms; marginal benefit in rapidity of resolution of chest indrawings.\nZinc supplementation promotes a th1 response and improves clinical symptoms in fewer hours in children with pneumonia younger than 5 years old. A randomized controlled clinical trial. Acevedo-Murillo et al., 2019 [266] Mexico 103 children hospitalized for pneumonia 10 mg/day if \u003c1 year; 20 mg/day if \u003e1 year during hospital stay Quicker improvement in clinical status, oxygen saturation and respiratory rate. Patients’ baseline zinc levels were below normal range.\nA randomized controlled trial of zinc supplementation in the treatment of acute respiratory tract infection in Thai children. Rerksuppaphol et al., 2019 [267] Thailand 64 hospitalized children with ALRI 30 mg/day during hospital stay Faster symptoms resolution and shorter hospital stay."}

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Ganguly et al., 2011 [256] India 98 children with pneumonia 10 mg/day if \u003c1 year, 20 mg if \u003e1 year of age No improvement in symptom duration.\nThe efficacy of zinc supplementation on outcome of children with severe pneumonia. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Valavi et al., 2011[257] Iran 128 children with severe pneumonia 2 mg/kg/day, max 20 mg, for 5 days Shorter time for symptoms resolution and shorter hospital stay.\nZinc Supplementation in Severe Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Children: A Triple-Blind Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial. Bansal et al., 2011 [258] India Children hospitalized with ALRI 20 mg/day for 5 days No decrease in recovery time or in duration of hospital stay.\nRole of zinc in severe pneumonia: a randomized double bind placebo-controlled study. Shah et al., 2012 [259] Nepal Children hospitalized for severe pneumonia 20 mg/die for 7 days No effect on clinical recovery from severe pneumonia.\nA randomized controlled trial of zinc as adjuvant therapy for severe pneumonia in young children. Basnet et al., 2012 [260] Nepal 610 children with severe pneumonia 10 mg if \u003c11 months, 20 mg/day if \u003e11 months, for 14 days Slightly faster recovery, slightly lower risk of treatment failure but not statistically significant.\nZinc adjunct therapy reduces case fatality in severe childhood pneumonia: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Srinivasan et al., 2012 [261] Uganda 352 children with severe pneumonia 20 mg if ≥12 months, 10 mg if \u003c12 months, for 7 days No significant effect on time to resolution of symptoms; decreased mortality rate.\nEfficacy of zinc given as an adjunct in the treatment of severe and very severe pneumonia in hospitalized children 2–24 months of age: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Wadhwa et al., 2013 [262] India 550 children hospitalized with severe pneumonia 20 mg/day during hospital stay No difference in time to recovery.\nZinc as an adjunct to the treatment of severe pneumonia in Ecuadorian children: a randomized controlled trial. Sempertegui et al., 2014 [263] Ecuador 450 children hospitalized with pneumonia 20 mg/day during hospital stay No effect on time to pneumonia resolution nor in treatment failure rate.Higher basal zinc concentrations associated with faster resolution of chest indrawings.\nEffect of zinc supplementation on infants with severe pneumonia. Yuan et al., 2016 [264] China 73 infants hospitalized for pneumonia 10 mg/day if \u003c6 mo; 20 mg/day if \u003e6 moduring hospital stay No improvements on clinical outcomes.\nZinc as an adjunct therapy in the management of severe pneumonia among Gambian children: randomized controlled trial. Howie et al., 2018 [265] Gambia Over 600 children with severe pneumonia 10 mg if \u003c12 mo; 20 mg if \u003e 20 mo, for 7 days No benefit in treatment failure rates or time to recovery from respiratory symptoms; marginal benefit in rapidity of resolution of chest indrawings.\nZinc supplementation promotes a th1 response and improves clinical symptoms in fewer hours in children with pneumonia younger than 5 years old. A randomized controlled clinical trial. Acevedo-Murillo et al., 2019 [266] Mexico 103 children hospitalized for pneumonia 10 mg/day if \u003c1 year; 20 mg/day if \u003e1 year during hospital stay Quicker improvement in clinical status, oxygen saturation and respiratory rate. Patients’ baseline zinc levels were below normal range.\nA randomized controlled trial of zinc supplementation in the treatment of acute respiratory tract infection in Thai children. Rerksuppaphol et al., 2019 [267] Thailand 64 hospitalized children with ALRI 30 mg/day during hospital stay Faster symptoms resolution and shorter hospital stay."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T273","span":{"begin":224,"end":245},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T274","span":{"begin":395,"end":400},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T275","span":{"begin":492,"end":501},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T276","span":{"begin":608,"end":617},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T277","span":{"begin":741,"end":757},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T278","span":{"begin":887,"end":896},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T279","span":{"begin":988,"end":997},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T280","span":{"begin":1189,"end":1198},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T281","span":{"begin":1299,"end":1308},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T282","span":{"begin":1465,"end":1474},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T283","span":{"begin":1595,"end":1604},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T284","span":{"begin":1743,"end":1779},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T285","span":{"begin":2017,"end":2026},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T286","span":{"begin":2145,"end":2154},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T287","span":{"begin":2221,"end":2230},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T288","span":{"begin":2301,"end":2310},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T289","span":{"begin":2390,"end":2399},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T290","span":{"begin":2625,"end":2634},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T291","span":{"begin":2753,"end":2762},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T292","span":{"begin":2981,"end":2990},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T293","span":{"begin":3163,"end":3172},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T294","span":{"begin":3287,"end":3296},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T295","span":{"begin":3425,"end":3434},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T296","span":{"begin":3489,"end":3498},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T297","span":{"begin":3682,"end":3691},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T298","span":{"begin":3754,"end":3763},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T299","span":{"begin":3918,"end":3927},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T300","span":{"begin":4046,"end":4055},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T301","span":{"begin":4361,"end":4370},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T302","span":{"begin":4512,"end":4521},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T303","span":{"begin":4798,"end":4831},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A273","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T273","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011947"},{"id":"A274","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T274","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945"},{"id":"A275","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T275","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A276","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T276","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A277","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T277","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0032169"},{"id":"A278","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T278","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A279","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T279","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A280","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T280","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A281","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T281","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A282","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T282","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A283","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T283","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A284","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T284","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002783"},{"id":"A285","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T285","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A286","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T286","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A287","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T287","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A288","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T288","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A289","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T289","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A290","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T290","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A291","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T291","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A292","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T292","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A293","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T293","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A294","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T294","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A295","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T295","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A296","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T296","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A297","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T297","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A298","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T298","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A299","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T299","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A300","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T300","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A301","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T301","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A302","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T302","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A303","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T303","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011948"}],"text":"Study Author Country Study Population Dosage Results\nRandomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of the efficacy of treatment with zinc or vitamin a in infants and young children with severe acute lower respiratory infection. Mahalanabis et al., 2004 [253] India 153 children hospitalized with severe ALRI 10 mg twice daily for 5 days Significantly reduced duration of fever and very ill status in boys, but not in girls.\nEfficacy of zinc in the treatment of severe pneumonia in hospitalized children \u003c2 y old. Bose et al., 2006 [254] India 299 children hospitalized with severe pneumonia 20 mg/day during hospital stay No overall effect on the duration of hospitalization or of clinical signs associated with severe infection.\nA randomized controlled trial of the effect of zinc as adjuvant therapy in children 2–35 months of age with severe or nonsevere pneumonia in Bhaktapur, Nepal. Valentiner-Branth et al., 2010 [255] Nepal Over 2000 children with pneumonia 10 mg if aged 2–11 months, 20 mg if aged \u003e or =12 months, for 14 days No decrease in risk of treatment failure nor accelerated recovery.\nA randomized controlled trial of oral zinc in acute pneumonia in children aged between 2 months and 5 years. Ganguly et al., 2011 [256] India 98 children with pneumonia 10 mg/day if \u003c1 year, 20 mg if \u003e1 year of age No improvement in symptom duration.\nThe efficacy of zinc supplementation on outcome of children with severe pneumonia. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Valavi et al., 2011[257] Iran 128 children with severe pneumonia 2 mg/kg/day, max 20 mg, for 5 days Shorter time for symptoms resolution and shorter hospital stay.\nZinc Supplementation in Severe Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Children: A Triple-Blind Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial. Bansal et al., 2011 [258] India Children hospitalized with ALRI 20 mg/day for 5 days No decrease in recovery time or in duration of hospital stay.\nRole of zinc in severe pneumonia: a randomized double bind placebo-controlled study. Shah et al., 2012 [259] Nepal Children hospitalized for severe pneumonia 20 mg/die for 7 days No effect on clinical recovery from severe pneumonia.\nA randomized controlled trial of zinc as adjuvant therapy for severe pneumonia in young children. Basnet et al., 2012 [260] Nepal 610 children with severe pneumonia 10 mg if \u003c11 months, 20 mg/day if \u003e11 months, for 14 days Slightly faster recovery, slightly lower risk of treatment failure but not statistically significant.\nZinc adjunct therapy reduces case fatality in severe childhood pneumonia: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Srinivasan et al., 2012 [261] Uganda 352 children with severe pneumonia 20 mg if ≥12 months, 10 mg if \u003c12 months, for 7 days No significant effect on time to resolution of symptoms; decreased mortality rate.\nEfficacy of zinc given as an adjunct in the treatment of severe and very severe pneumonia in hospitalized children 2–24 months of age: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Wadhwa et al., 2013 [262] India 550 children hospitalized with severe pneumonia 20 mg/day during hospital stay No difference in time to recovery.\nZinc as an adjunct to the treatment of severe pneumonia in Ecuadorian children: a randomized controlled trial. Sempertegui et al., 2014 [263] Ecuador 450 children hospitalized with pneumonia 20 mg/day during hospital stay No effect on time to pneumonia resolution nor in treatment failure rate.Higher basal zinc concentrations associated with faster resolution of chest indrawings.\nEffect of zinc supplementation on infants with severe pneumonia. Yuan et al., 2016 [264] China 73 infants hospitalized for pneumonia 10 mg/day if \u003c6 mo; 20 mg/day if \u003e6 moduring hospital stay No improvements on clinical outcomes.\nZinc as an adjunct therapy in the management of severe pneumonia among Gambian children: randomized controlled trial. Howie et al., 2018 [265] Gambia Over 600 children with severe pneumonia 10 mg if \u003c12 mo; 20 mg if \u003e 20 mo, for 7 days No benefit in treatment failure rates or time to recovery from respiratory symptoms; marginal benefit in rapidity of resolution of chest indrawings.\nZinc supplementation promotes a th1 response and improves clinical symptoms in fewer hours in children with pneumonia younger than 5 years old. A randomized controlled clinical trial. Acevedo-Murillo et al., 2019 [266] Mexico 103 children hospitalized for pneumonia 10 mg/day if \u003c1 year; 20 mg/day if \u003e1 year during hospital stay Quicker improvement in clinical status, oxygen saturation and respiratory rate. Patients’ baseline zinc levels were below normal range.\nA randomized controlled trial of zinc supplementation in the treatment of acute respiratory tract infection in Thai children. Rerksuppaphol et al., 2019 [267] Thailand 64 hospitalized children with ALRI 30 mg/day during hospital stay Faster symptoms resolution and shorter hospital stay."}

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Shah et al., 2012 [259] Nepal Children hospitalized for severe pneumonia 20 mg/die for 7 days No effect on clinical recovery from severe pneumonia.\nA randomized controlled trial of zinc as adjuvant therapy for severe pneumonia in young children. Basnet et al., 2012 [260] Nepal 610 children with severe pneumonia 10 mg if \u003c11 months, 20 mg/day if \u003e11 months, for 14 days Slightly faster recovery, slightly lower risk of treatment failure but not statistically significant.\nZinc adjunct therapy reduces case fatality in severe childhood pneumonia: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Srinivasan et al., 2012 [261] Uganda 352 children with severe pneumonia 20 mg if ≥12 months, 10 mg if \u003c12 months, for 7 days No significant effect on time to resolution of symptoms; decreased mortality rate.\nEfficacy of zinc given as an adjunct in the treatment of severe and very severe pneumonia in hospitalized children 2–24 months of age: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Wadhwa et al., 2013 [262] India 550 children hospitalized with severe pneumonia 20 mg/day during hospital stay No difference in time to recovery.\nZinc as an adjunct to the treatment of severe pneumonia in Ecuadorian children: a randomized controlled trial. Sempertegui et al., 2014 [263] Ecuador 450 children hospitalized with pneumonia 20 mg/day during hospital stay No effect on time to pneumonia resolution nor in treatment failure rate.Higher basal zinc concentrations associated with faster resolution of chest indrawings.\nEffect of zinc supplementation on infants with severe pneumonia. Yuan et al., 2016 [264] China 73 infants hospitalized for pneumonia 10 mg/day if \u003c6 mo; 20 mg/day if \u003e6 moduring hospital stay No improvements on clinical outcomes.\nZinc as an adjunct therapy in the management of severe pneumonia among Gambian children: randomized controlled trial. Howie et al., 2018 [265] Gambia Over 600 children with severe pneumonia 10 mg if \u003c12 mo; 20 mg if \u003e 20 mo, for 7 days No benefit in treatment failure rates or time to recovery from respiratory symptoms; marginal benefit in rapidity of resolution of chest indrawings.\nZinc supplementation promotes a th1 response and improves clinical symptoms in fewer hours in children with pneumonia younger than 5 years old. A randomized controlled clinical trial. Acevedo-Murillo et al., 2019 [266] Mexico 103 children hospitalized for pneumonia 10 mg/day if \u003c1 year; 20 mg/day if \u003e1 year during hospital stay Quicker improvement in clinical status, oxygen saturation and respiratory rate. Patients’ baseline zinc levels were below normal range.\nA randomized controlled trial of zinc supplementation in the treatment of acute respiratory tract infection in Thai children. Rerksuppaphol et al., 2019 [267] Thailand 64 hospitalized children with ALRI 30 mg/day during hospital stay Faster symptoms resolution and shorter hospital stay."}

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Author Country Study Population Dosage Results\nRandomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of the efficacy of treatment with zinc or vitamin a in infants and young children with severe acute lower respiratory infection. Mahalanabis et al., 2004 [253] India 153 children hospitalized with severe ALRI 10 mg twice daily for 5 days Significantly reduced duration of fever and very ill status in boys, but not in girls.\nEfficacy of zinc in the treatment of severe pneumonia in hospitalized children \u003c2 y old. Bose et al., 2006 [254] India 299 children hospitalized with severe pneumonia 20 mg/day during hospital stay No overall effect on the duration of hospitalization or of clinical signs associated with severe infection.\nA randomized controlled trial of the effect of zinc as adjuvant therapy in children 2–35 months of age with severe or nonsevere pneumonia in Bhaktapur, Nepal. Valentiner-Branth et al., 2010 [255] Nepal Over 2000 children with pneumonia 10 mg if aged 2–11 months, 20 mg if aged \u003e or =12 months, for 14 days No decrease in risk of treatment failure nor accelerated recovery.\nA randomized controlled trial of oral zinc in acute pneumonia in children aged between 2 months and 5 years. Ganguly et al., 2011 [256] India 98 children with pneumonia 10 mg/day if \u003c1 year, 20 mg if \u003e1 year of age No improvement in symptom duration.\nThe efficacy of zinc supplementation on outcome of children with severe pneumonia. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Valavi et al., 2011[257] Iran 128 children with severe pneumonia 2 mg/kg/day, max 20 mg, for 5 days Shorter time for symptoms resolution and shorter hospital stay.\nZinc Supplementation in Severe Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Children: A Triple-Blind Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial. Bansal et al., 2011 [258] India Children hospitalized with ALRI 20 mg/day for 5 days No decrease in recovery time or in duration of hospital stay.\nRole of zinc in severe pneumonia: a randomized double bind placebo-controlled study. Shah et al., 2012 [259] Nepal Children hospitalized for severe pneumonia 20 mg/die for 7 days No effect on clinical recovery from severe pneumonia.\nA randomized controlled trial of zinc as adjuvant therapy for severe pneumonia in young children. Basnet et al., 2012 [260] Nepal 610 children with severe pneumonia 10 mg if \u003c11 months, 20 mg/day if \u003e11 months, for 14 days Slightly faster recovery, slightly lower risk of treatment failure but not statistically significant.\nZinc adjunct therapy reduces case fatality in severe childhood pneumonia: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Srinivasan et al., 2012 [261] Uganda 352 children with severe pneumonia 20 mg if ≥12 months, 10 mg if \u003c12 months, for 7 days No significant effect on time to resolution of symptoms; decreased mortality rate.\nEfficacy of zinc given as an adjunct in the treatment of severe and very severe pneumonia in hospitalized children 2–24 months of age: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Wadhwa et al., 2013 [262] India 550 children hospitalized with severe pneumonia 20 mg/day during hospital stay No difference in time to recovery.\nZinc as an adjunct to the treatment of severe pneumonia in Ecuadorian children: a randomized controlled trial. Sempertegui et al., 2014 [263] Ecuador 450 children hospitalized with pneumonia 20 mg/day during hospital stay No effect on time to pneumonia resolution nor in treatment failure rate.Higher basal zinc concentrations associated with faster resolution of chest indrawings.\nEffect of zinc supplementation on infants with severe pneumonia. Yuan et al., 2016 [264] China 73 infants hospitalized for pneumonia 10 mg/day if \u003c6 mo; 20 mg/day if \u003e6 moduring hospital stay No improvements on clinical outcomes.\nZinc as an adjunct therapy in the management of severe pneumonia among Gambian children: randomized controlled trial. Howie et al., 2018 [265] Gambia Over 600 children with severe pneumonia 10 mg if \u003c12 mo; 20 mg if \u003e 20 mo, for 7 days No benefit in treatment failure rates or time to recovery from respiratory symptoms; marginal benefit in rapidity of resolution of chest indrawings.\nZinc supplementation promotes a th1 response and improves clinical symptoms in fewer hours in children with pneumonia younger than 5 years old. A randomized controlled clinical trial. Acevedo-Murillo et al., 2019 [266] Mexico 103 children hospitalized for pneumonia 10 mg/day if \u003c1 year; 20 mg/day if \u003e1 year during hospital stay Quicker improvement in clinical status, oxygen saturation and respiratory rate. Patients’ baseline zinc levels were below normal range.\nA randomized controlled trial of zinc supplementation in the treatment of acute respiratory tract infection in Thai children. Rerksuppaphol et al., 2019 [267] Thailand 64 hospitalized children with ALRI 30 mg/day during hospital stay Faster symptoms resolution and shorter hospital stay."}