PMC:7589163 / 39608-41055 JSONTXT

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T212","span":{"begin":378,"end":401},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A212","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T212","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma45661"}],"text":"For the purpose of this review, we focused on studies on LRTIs, even though similar studies were also conducted on the prevention of upper airways infections; a large study conducted on the TARGet kids! research network in Toronto (Canada) led to different results, reporting that a high dose (2000 IU/day) was not more effective than a standard dose (400 IU/day) in preventing upper respiratory tract infections in children [172]. We also found two studies reporting negative results with vitamin D daily/weekly supplementation: the first, conducted in 2014, tested a daily supplementation of vitamin D 2000 IU/day for 2 months to Japanese high school students, and found no efficacy in lowering the overall incidence of influenza A [160]; the second, conducted in 2019 in Vietnam, analyzed a 14,000 IU/week supplementation of vitamin D to children and adolescents for 8 months, which was unable to prevent influenza infection during the flu season, but moderately reduced the incidence of other respiratory viral infections [172]. In this population, the authors reported a mean baseline vitamin D of 65 nmol/L (26 ng/mL), which might be one of the reasons why a further vitamin D supplementation did not lead to the expected results. In the previously cited studies, the baseline vitamin D status is not always reported; where it is known, it is usually lower, from 7 ng/mL, equal to 17.5 nmol/L [153], to 43 nmol/L, equal to 17.2 nmol/L [167]."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T82","span":{"begin":378,"end":401},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T83","span":{"begin":384,"end":401},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A82","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T82","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001557"},{"id":"A83","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T83","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000065"}],"text":"For the purpose of this review, we focused on studies on LRTIs, even though similar studies were also conducted on the prevention of upper airways infections; a large study conducted on the TARGet kids! research network in Toronto (Canada) led to different results, reporting that a high dose (2000 IU/day) was not more effective than a standard dose (400 IU/day) in preventing upper respiratory tract infections in children [172]. We also found two studies reporting negative results with vitamin D daily/weekly supplementation: the first, conducted in 2014, tested a daily supplementation of vitamin D 2000 IU/day for 2 months to Japanese high school students, and found no efficacy in lowering the overall incidence of influenza A [160]; the second, conducted in 2019 in Vietnam, analyzed a 14,000 IU/week supplementation of vitamin D to children and adolescents for 8 months, which was unable to prevent influenza infection during the flu season, but moderately reduced the incidence of other respiratory viral infections [172]. In this population, the authors reported a mean baseline vitamin D of 65 nmol/L (26 ng/mL), which might be one of the reasons why a further vitamin D supplementation did not lead to the expected results. In the previously cited studies, the baseline vitamin D status is not always reported; where it is known, it is usually lower, from 7 ng/mL, equal to 17.5 nmol/L [153], to 43 nmol/L, equal to 17.2 nmol/L [167]."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T158","span":{"begin":147,"end":157},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T159","span":{"begin":378,"end":412},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T160","span":{"begin":722,"end":731},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T161","span":{"begin":908,"end":927},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T162","span":{"begin":918,"end":927},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T163","span":{"begin":939,"end":942},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T164","span":{"begin":1009,"end":1025},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A158","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T158","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A159","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T159","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0024355"},{"id":"A160","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T160","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812"},{"id":"A161","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T161","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812"},{"id":"A162","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T162","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A163","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T163","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812"},{"id":"A164","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T164","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108"}],"text":"For the purpose of this review, we focused on studies on LRTIs, even though similar studies were also conducted on the prevention of upper airways infections; a large study conducted on the TARGet kids! research network in Toronto (Canada) led to different results, reporting that a high dose (2000 IU/day) was not more effective than a standard dose (400 IU/day) in preventing upper respiratory tract infections in children [172]. We also found two studies reporting negative results with vitamin D daily/weekly supplementation: the first, conducted in 2014, tested a daily supplementation of vitamin D 2000 IU/day for 2 months to Japanese high school students, and found no efficacy in lowering the overall incidence of influenza A [160]; the second, conducted in 2019 in Vietnam, analyzed a 14,000 IU/week supplementation of vitamin D to children and adolescents for 8 months, which was unable to prevent influenza infection during the flu season, but moderately reduced the incidence of other respiratory viral infections [172]. In this population, the authors reported a mean baseline vitamin D of 65 nmol/L (26 ng/mL), which might be one of the reasons why a further vitamin D supplementation did not lead to the expected results. In the previously cited studies, the baseline vitamin D status is not always reported; where it is known, it is usually lower, from 7 ng/mL, equal to 17.5 nmol/L [153], to 43 nmol/L, equal to 17.2 nmol/L [167]."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T426","span":{"begin":35,"end":42},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009985"},{"id":"T427","span":{"begin":139,"end":146},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001005"},{"id":"T428","span":{"begin":159,"end":160},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T429","span":{"begin":281,"end":282},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T430","span":{"begin":335,"end":336},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T431","span":{"begin":560,"end":566},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473"},{"id":"T432","span":{"begin":567,"end":568},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T433","span":{"begin":732,"end":733},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T434","span":{"begin":792,"end":793},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T435","span":{"begin":1074,"end":1075},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T436","span":{"begin":1163,"end":1164},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"}],"text":"For the purpose of this review, we focused on studies on LRTIs, even though similar studies were also conducted on the prevention of upper airways infections; a large study conducted on the TARGet kids! research network in Toronto (Canada) led to different results, reporting that a high dose (2000 IU/day) was not more effective than a standard dose (400 IU/day) in preventing upper respiratory tract infections in children [172]. We also found two studies reporting negative results with vitamin D daily/weekly supplementation: the first, conducted in 2014, tested a daily supplementation of vitamin D 2000 IU/day for 2 months to Japanese high school students, and found no efficacy in lowering the overall incidence of influenza A [160]; the second, conducted in 2019 in Vietnam, analyzed a 14,000 IU/week supplementation of vitamin D to children and adolescents for 8 months, which was unable to prevent influenza infection during the flu season, but moderately reduced the incidence of other respiratory viral infections [172]. In this population, the authors reported a mean baseline vitamin D of 65 nmol/L (26 ng/mL), which might be one of the reasons why a further vitamin D supplementation did not lead to the expected results. In the previously cited studies, the baseline vitamin D status is not always reported; where it is known, it is usually lower, from 7 ng/mL, equal to 17.5 nmol/L [153], to 43 nmol/L, equal to 17.2 nmol/L [167]."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T582","span":{"begin":490,"end":499},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T583","span":{"begin":490,"end":497},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T584","span":{"begin":594,"end":603},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T585","span":{"begin":594,"end":601},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T586","span":{"begin":828,"end":837},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T587","span":{"begin":828,"end":835},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T588","span":{"begin":1090,"end":1099},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T589","span":{"begin":1090,"end":1097},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T590","span":{"begin":1173,"end":1182},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T591","span":{"begin":1173,"end":1180},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T592","span":{"begin":1283,"end":1292},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T593","span":{"begin":1283,"end":1290},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A582","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T582","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27300"},{"id":"A583","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T583","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229"},{"id":"A584","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T584","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27300"},{"id":"A585","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T585","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229"},{"id":"A586","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T586","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27300"},{"id":"A587","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T587","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229"},{"id":"A588","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T588","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27300"},{"id":"A589","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T589","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229"},{"id":"A590","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T590","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27300"},{"id":"A591","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T591","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229"},{"id":"A592","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T592","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27300"},{"id":"A593","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T593","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229"}],"text":"For the purpose of this review, we focused on studies on LRTIs, even though similar studies were also conducted on the prevention of upper airways infections; a large study conducted on the TARGet kids! research network in Toronto (Canada) led to different results, reporting that a high dose (2000 IU/day) was not more effective than a standard dose (400 IU/day) in preventing upper respiratory tract infections in children [172]. We also found two studies reporting negative results with vitamin D daily/weekly supplementation: the first, conducted in 2014, tested a daily supplementation of vitamin D 2000 IU/day for 2 months to Japanese high school students, and found no efficacy in lowering the overall incidence of influenza A [160]; the second, conducted in 2019 in Vietnam, analyzed a 14,000 IU/week supplementation of vitamin D to children and adolescents for 8 months, which was unable to prevent influenza infection during the flu season, but moderately reduced the incidence of other respiratory viral infections [172]. In this population, the authors reported a mean baseline vitamin D of 65 nmol/L (26 ng/mL), which might be one of the reasons why a further vitamin D supplementation did not lead to the expected results. In the previously cited studies, the baseline vitamin D status is not always reported; where it is known, it is usually lower, from 7 ng/mL, equal to 17.5 nmol/L [153], to 43 nmol/L, equal to 17.2 nmol/L [167]."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T108","span":{"begin":1009,"end":1025},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032"}],"text":"For the purpose of this review, we focused on studies on LRTIs, even though similar studies were also conducted on the prevention of upper airways infections; a large study conducted on the TARGet kids! research network in Toronto (Canada) led to different results, reporting that a high dose (2000 IU/day) was not more effective than a standard dose (400 IU/day) in preventing upper respiratory tract infections in children [172]. We also found two studies reporting negative results with vitamin D daily/weekly supplementation: the first, conducted in 2014, tested a daily supplementation of vitamin D 2000 IU/day for 2 months to Japanese high school students, and found no efficacy in lowering the overall incidence of influenza A [160]; the second, conducted in 2019 in Vietnam, analyzed a 14,000 IU/week supplementation of vitamin D to children and adolescents for 8 months, which was unable to prevent influenza infection during the flu season, but moderately reduced the incidence of other respiratory viral infections [172]. In this population, the authors reported a mean baseline vitamin D of 65 nmol/L (26 ng/mL), which might be one of the reasons why a further vitamin D supplementation did not lead to the expected results. In the previously cited studies, the baseline vitamin D status is not always reported; where it is known, it is usually lower, from 7 ng/mL, equal to 17.5 nmol/L [153], to 43 nmol/L, equal to 17.2 nmol/L [167]."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T88","span":{"begin":378,"end":412},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A88","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T88","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002788"}],"text":"For the purpose of this review, we focused on studies on LRTIs, even though similar studies were also conducted on the prevention of upper airways infections; a large study conducted on the TARGet kids! research network in Toronto (Canada) led to different results, reporting that a high dose (2000 IU/day) was not more effective than a standard dose (400 IU/day) in preventing upper respiratory tract infections in children [172]. We also found two studies reporting negative results with vitamin D daily/weekly supplementation: the first, conducted in 2014, tested a daily supplementation of vitamin D 2000 IU/day for 2 months to Japanese high school students, and found no efficacy in lowering the overall incidence of influenza A [160]; the second, conducted in 2019 in Vietnam, analyzed a 14,000 IU/week supplementation of vitamin D to children and adolescents for 8 months, which was unable to prevent influenza infection during the flu season, but moderately reduced the incidence of other respiratory viral infections [172]. In this population, the authors reported a mean baseline vitamin D of 65 nmol/L (26 ng/mL), which might be one of the reasons why a further vitamin D supplementation did not lead to the expected results. In the previously cited studies, the baseline vitamin D status is not always reported; where it is known, it is usually lower, from 7 ng/mL, equal to 17.5 nmol/L [153], to 43 nmol/L, equal to 17.2 nmol/L [167]."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T244","span":{"begin":0,"end":431},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T245","span":{"begin":432,"end":1032},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T246","span":{"begin":1033,"end":1236},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T247","span":{"begin":1237,"end":1447},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"For the purpose of this review, we focused on studies on LRTIs, even though similar studies were also conducted on the prevention of upper airways infections; a large study conducted on the TARGet kids! research network in Toronto (Canada) led to different results, reporting that a high dose (2000 IU/day) was not more effective than a standard dose (400 IU/day) in preventing upper respiratory tract infections in children [172]. We also found two studies reporting negative results with vitamin D daily/weekly supplementation: the first, conducted in 2014, tested a daily supplementation of vitamin D 2000 IU/day for 2 months to Japanese high school students, and found no efficacy in lowering the overall incidence of influenza A [160]; the second, conducted in 2019 in Vietnam, analyzed a 14,000 IU/week supplementation of vitamin D to children and adolescents for 8 months, which was unable to prevent influenza infection during the flu season, but moderately reduced the incidence of other respiratory viral infections [172]. In this population, the authors reported a mean baseline vitamin D of 65 nmol/L (26 ng/mL), which might be one of the reasons why a further vitamin D supplementation did not lead to the expected results. In the previously cited studies, the baseline vitamin D status is not always reported; where it is known, it is usually lower, from 7 ng/mL, equal to 17.5 nmol/L [153], to 43 nmol/L, equal to 17.2 nmol/L [167]."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"1033","span":{"begin":1374,"end":1376},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1034","span":{"begin":1120,"end":1122},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1035","span":{"begin":416,"end":424},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1036","span":{"begin":841,"end":849},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1037","span":{"begin":908,"end":917},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"1038","span":{"begin":1439,"end":1440},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1039","span":{"begin":1417,"end":1418},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1040","span":{"begin":1397,"end":1398},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1041","span":{"begin":1111,"end":1112},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"1042","span":{"begin":490,"end":499},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1043","span":{"begin":594,"end":603},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1044","span":{"begin":828,"end":837},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1045","span":{"begin":1090,"end":1099},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1046","span":{"begin":1173,"end":1182},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1047","span":{"begin":1283,"end":1292},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"1048","span":{"begin":133,"end":157},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1049","span":{"begin":378,"end":412},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1050","span":{"begin":918,"end":927},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"1051","span":{"begin":997,"end":1025},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1033","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1033","obj":"Gene:21832"},{"id":"A1034","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1034","obj":"Gene:21832"},{"id":"A1035","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1035","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A1036","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1036","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A1037","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1037","obj":"Tax:11309"},{"id":"A1038","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1038","obj":"Gene:21832"},{"id":"A1039","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1039","obj":"Gene:21832"},{"id":"A1040","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1040","obj":"Gene:21832"},{"id":"A1041","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1041","obj":"Gene:21832"},{"id":"A1042","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1042","obj":"MESH:D014807"},{"id":"A1043","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1043","obj":"MESH:D014807"},{"id":"A1044","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1044","obj":"MESH:D014807"},{"id":"A1045","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1045","obj":"MESH:D014807"},{"id":"A1046","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1046","obj":"MESH:D014807"},{"id":"A1047","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1047","obj":"MESH:D014807"},{"id":"A1048","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1048","obj":"MESH:D012141"},{"id":"A1049","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1049","obj":"MESH:D012141"},{"id":"A1050","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"1050","obj":"MESH:D007239"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"For the purpose of this review, we focused on studies on LRTIs, even though similar studies were also conducted on the prevention of upper airways infections; a large study conducted on the TARGet kids! research network in Toronto (Canada) led to different results, reporting that a high dose (2000 IU/day) was not more effective than a standard dose (400 IU/day) in preventing upper respiratory tract infections in children [172]. We also found two studies reporting negative results with vitamin D daily/weekly supplementation: the first, conducted in 2014, tested a daily supplementation of vitamin D 2000 IU/day for 2 months to Japanese high school students, and found no efficacy in lowering the overall incidence of influenza A [160]; the second, conducted in 2019 in Vietnam, analyzed a 14,000 IU/week supplementation of vitamin D to children and adolescents for 8 months, which was unable to prevent influenza infection during the flu season, but moderately reduced the incidence of other respiratory viral infections [172]. In this population, the authors reported a mean baseline vitamin D of 65 nmol/L (26 ng/mL), which might be one of the reasons why a further vitamin D supplementation did not lead to the expected results. In the previously cited studies, the baseline vitamin D status is not always reported; where it is known, it is usually lower, from 7 ng/mL, equal to 17.5 nmol/L [153], to 43 nmol/L, equal to 17.2 nmol/L [167]."}