PMC:7561592 / 3255-5735 JSONTXT

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"33063245-32592045-28121","span":{"begin":553,"end":555},"obj":"32592045"},{"id":"33063245-32592045-28122","span":{"begin":821,"end":823},"obj":"32592045"},{"id":"33063245-9156957-28123","span":{"begin":1020,"end":1022},"obj":"9156957"},{"id":"33063245-24934549-28124","span":{"begin":1177,"end":1179},"obj":"24934549"},{"id":"33063245-24393551-28125","span":{"begin":1266,"end":1268},"obj":"24393551"},{"id":"33063245-18048412-28126","span":{"begin":1269,"end":1271},"obj":"18048412"},{"id":"33063245-18048412-28127","span":{"begin":1335,"end":1337},"obj":"18048412"},{"id":"33063245-24934549-28128","span":{"begin":1655,"end":1657},"obj":"24934549"},{"id":"33063245-18048412-28129","span":{"begin":1740,"end":1742},"obj":"18048412"},{"id":"33063245-21818695-28130","span":{"begin":1743,"end":1745},"obj":"21818695"},{"id":"33063245-21876444-28131","span":{"begin":2476,"end":2478},"obj":"21876444"}],"text":"It has been shown that different food and drinks can have an effect on paediatric medicine performance. In a recently published study (the first part of this study) conducted by the research group, the physicochemical properties of a selection of (soft) food and drink vehicles, commonly reported to be mixed with paediatric medicines prior to administration, were measured and the impact of the co-administered vehicles on the solubility of two poorly soluble drugs commonly administered to children (montelukast (sodium) and mesalazine) was assessed (11). The solubility of both montelukast and mesalazine was significantly affected by the physicochemical properties (pH, buffer capacity, surface tension, osmolality, viscosity) and macronutrient composition (fat, sugar and protein content) of commonly used vehicles (11). Similarly, medicine co-administration with different vehicles may affect drug dissolution properties to a different extent. Dissolution of amlodipine (BCS class I; weak base, pKa 8.6; logP 3.0 (12)) from crushed tablets mixed with jam has been shown to be slower in comparison with mixing with other vehicles (yoghurt, honey, orange juice and water) (13). Dissolution studies of crushed warfarin (BCS class I; weak acid, pKa 5.1; logP 2.7 (14,15)) and carbamazepine (BCS class II; neutral compound; logP 2.5 (15,16)) tablets mixed with water or orange juice resulted in a faster drug dissolution in comparison with the direct introduction of whole tablets. In comparison, no differences were observed between drug dissolution from crushed tablets mixed with honey, jam or yoghurt and the direct introduction of tablets scenario (13). Compatibility studies of tegaserod (BCS class II; weak base, pKa 9.8; logP 2.6 (15,17)), from crushed tablets mixed with food/drinks (water, apple juice, orange juice and applesauce), revealed that whilst the drug was compatible with the vehicles, the dissolution profiles of the crushed tablets mixed with orange juice and applesauce were not comparable with those of intact tablets (18). The time between preparation and administration of the mixture may also have an effect on drug solubility, drug stability and consequently oral drug absorption (10). This vehicle-impact might be critical for certain medications (e.g. when immediate release is needed for a fast-therapeutic action), since food-drug interactions can have a significant impact on drug bioavailability and, consequently, therapeutic efficacy (19,20)."}