PMC:7558914 / 8438-14868
Annnotations
LitCovid_Glycan-Motif-Structure
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T5 | 5156-5163 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G00021MO | denotes | heparin |
T6 | 5156-5163 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G54161DR | denotes | heparin |
T7 | 5203-5210 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G00021MO | denotes | heparin |
T8 | 5203-5210 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G54161DR | denotes | heparin |
T9 | 5259-5266 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G00021MO | denotes | heparin |
T10 | 5259-5266 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G54161DR | denotes | heparin |
T11 | 5380-5387 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G00021MO | denotes | heparin |
T12 | 5380-5387 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G54161DR | denotes | heparin |
T13 | 5620-5627 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G00021MO | denotes | heparin |
T14 | 5620-5627 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G54161DR | denotes | heparin |
T15 | 5786-5793 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G00021MO | denotes | heparin |
T16 | 5786-5793 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G54161DR | denotes | heparin |
T17 | 5870-5877 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G00021MO | denotes | heparin |
T18 | 5870-5877 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G54161DR | denotes | heparin |
T19 | 6033-6040 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G00021MO | denotes | heparin |
T20 | 6033-6040 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G54161DR | denotes | heparin |
LitCovid-PubTator
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | tao:has_database_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
156 | 177-185 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
157 | 54-63 | Disease | denotes | infection | MESH:D007239 |
158 | 136-144 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
159 | 202-221 | Disease | denotes | respiratory illness | MESH:D012140 |
187 | 330-338 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
188 | 406-414 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
189 | 458-466 | Species | denotes | Patients | Tax:9606 |
190 | 1402-1410 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
191 | 1512-1519 | Species | denotes | patient | Tax:9606 |
192 | 507-525 | Chemical | denotes | hydroxychloroquine | MESH:D006886 |
193 | 529-548 | Chemical | denotes | lopinavir/ritonavir | MESH:C558899 |
194 | 568-586 | Chemical | denotes | hydroxychloroquine | MESH:D006886 |
195 | 592-604 | Chemical | denotes | azithromycin | MESH:D017963 |
196 | 608-627 | Chemical | denotes | lopinavir/ritonavir | MESH:C558899 |
197 | 652-670 | Chemical | denotes | hydroxychloroquine | MESH:D006886 |
198 | 672-684 | Chemical | denotes | azithromycin | MESH:D017963 |
199 | 690-709 | Chemical | denotes | lopinavir/ritonavir | MESH:C558899 |
200 | 711-729 | Chemical | denotes | Hydroxychloroquine | MESH:D006886 |
201 | 776-795 | Chemical | denotes | lopinavir/ritonavir | MESH:C558899 |
202 | 940-952 | Chemical | denotes | Azithromycin | MESH:D017963 |
203 | 1062-1080 | Chemical | denotes | hydroxychloroquine | MESH:D006886 |
204 | 1095-1107 | Chemical | denotes | azithromycin | MESH:D017963 |
205 | 1129-1147 | Chemical | denotes | hydroxychloroquine | MESH:D006886 |
206 | 1203-1222 | Chemical | denotes | lopinavir/ritonavir | MESH:C558899 |
207 | 1257-1269 | Chemical | denotes | azithromycin | MESH:D017963 |
208 | 1289-1300 | Chemical | denotes | Chloroquine | MESH:D002738 |
209 | 1361-1379 | Chemical | denotes | hydroxychloroquine | MESH:D006886 |
210 | 1440-1459 | Chemical | denotes | lopinavir/ritonavir | MESH:C558899 |
211 | 1494-1504 | Chemical | denotes | remdesivir | MESH:C000606551 |
212 | 355-374 | Disease | denotes | respiratory illness | MESH:D012140 |
213 | 447-456 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | MESH:D011014 |
240 | 1666-1674 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
241 | 2773-2781 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
242 | 2881-2889 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
243 | 1773-1791 | Chemical | denotes | hydroxychloroquine | MESH:D006886 |
244 | 1883-1901 | Chemical | denotes | hydroxychloroquine | MESH:D006886 |
245 | 1917-1929 | Chemical | denotes | azithromycin | MESH:D017963 |
246 | 1974-1992 | Chemical | denotes | hydroxychloroquine | MESH:D006886 |
247 | 1998-2010 | Chemical | denotes | azithromycin | MESH:D017963 |
248 | 2014-2033 | Chemical | denotes | lopinavir/ritonavir | MESH:C558899 |
249 | 2213-2231 | Chemical | denotes | hydroxychloroquine | MESH:D006886 |
250 | 2237-2249 | Chemical | denotes | azithromycin | MESH:D017963 |
251 | 2273-2291 | Chemical | denotes | hydroxychloroquine | MESH:D006886 |
252 | 2297-2316 | Chemical | denotes | lopinavir/ritonavir | MESH:C558899 |
253 | 2403-2421 | Chemical | denotes | hydroxychloroquine | MESH:D006886 |
254 | 2452-2471 | Chemical | denotes | lopinavir/ritonavir | MESH:C558899 |
255 | 2558-2576 | Chemical | denotes | hydroxychloroquine | MESH:D006886 |
256 | 2581-2600 | Chemical | denotes | lopinavir/ritonavir | MESH:C558899 |
257 | 2639-2657 | Chemical | denotes | hydroxychloroquine | MESH:D006886 |
258 | 2673-2685 | Chemical | denotes | azithromycin | MESH:D017963 |
259 | 2690-2709 | Chemical | denotes | lopinavir/ritonavir | MESH:C558899 |
260 | 1643-1662 | Disease | denotes | respiratory illness | MESH:D012140 |
261 | 2145-2154 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | MESH:D011014 |
262 | 2392-2401 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | MESH:D011014 |
263 | 2794-2803 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | MESH:D011014 |
264 | 2895-2904 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | MESH:D011014 |
265 | 2963-2971 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
272 | 3308-3319 | Chemical | denotes | Amoxicillin | MESH:D000658 |
273 | 3325-3340 | Chemical | denotes | clavulanic acid | MESH:D019818 |
274 | 3344-3355 | Chemical | denotes | ceftriaxone | MESH:D002443 |
275 | 3095-3104 | Disease | denotes | infection | MESH:D007239 |
276 | 3220-3229 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | MESH:D011014 |
277 | 3287-3306 | Disease | denotes | bacterial infection | MESH:D001424 |
297 | 3519-3532 | Gene | denotes | interleukin-6 | Gene:3569 |
298 | 3534-3544 | Gene | denotes | fibrinogen | Gene:2244 |
299 | 3559-3577 | Gene | denotes | C-reactive protein | Gene:1401 |
300 | 4493-4500 | Species | denotes | patient | Tax:9606 |
301 | 4040-4053 | Chemical | denotes | dexamethasone | MESH:D003907 |
302 | 4055-4073 | Chemical | denotes | methylprednisolone | MESH:D008775 |
303 | 4078-4088 | Chemical | denotes | prednisone | MESH:D011241 |
304 | 4090-4103 | Chemical | denotes | Dexamethasone | MESH:D003907 |
305 | 4216-4234 | Chemical | denotes | Methylprednisolone | MESH:D008775 |
306 | 4375-4385 | Chemical | denotes | prednisone | MESH:D011241 |
307 | 4523-4534 | Chemical | denotes | Tocilizumab | MESH:C502936 |
308 | 4837-4846 | Chemical | denotes | sarilumab | MESH:C000592401 |
309 | 4848-4859 | Chemical | denotes | baricitinib | MESH:C000596027 |
310 | 4861-4871 | Chemical | denotes | colchicine | MESH:D003078 |
311 | 4873-4886 | Chemical | denotes | ciclosporin A | MESH:D016572 |
312 | 4888-4897 | Chemical | denotes | sirolimus | MESH:D020123 |
313 | 4899-4909 | Chemical | denotes | tacrolimus | MESH:D016559 |
314 | 4915-4924 | Chemical | denotes | vitamin D | MESH:D014807 |
315 | 3445-3449 | Disease | denotes | ARDS | MESH:D012128 |
330 | 5156-5163 | Chemical | denotes | heparin | MESH:D006493 |
331 | 5203-5210 | Chemical | denotes | heparin | MESH:D006493 |
332 | 5259-5266 | Chemical | denotes | heparin | MESH:D006493 |
333 | 5380-5387 | Chemical | denotes | heparin | MESH:D006493 |
334 | 5620-5627 | Chemical | denotes | heparin | MESH:D006493 |
335 | 5786-5793 | Chemical | denotes | heparin | MESH:D006493 |
336 | 5870-5877 | Chemical | denotes | heparin | MESH:D006493 |
337 | 6033-6040 | Chemical | denotes | heparin | MESH:D006493 |
338 | 5306-5314 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
339 | 5430-5440 | Disease | denotes | thrombosis | MESH:D013927 |
340 | 5449-5457 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
341 | 5511-5533 | Disease | denotes | venous thromboembolism | MESH:D054556 |
342 | 5537-5566 | Disease | denotes | acute ischemic artery disease | MESH:D014715 |
343 | 5819-5841 | Disease | denotes | venous thromboembolism | MESH:D054556 |
345 | 6257-6272 | Disease | denotes | QT prolongation | MESH:D008133 |
LitCovid-PD-HP
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | hp_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T14 | 202-221 | Phenotype | denotes | respiratory illness | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002086 |
T15 | 355-374 | Phenotype | denotes | respiratory illness | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002086 |
T16 | 447-456 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |
T17 | 1643-1662 | Phenotype | denotes | respiratory illness | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002086 |
T18 | 2145-2154 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |
T19 | 2392-2401 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |
T20 | 2794-2803 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |
T21 | 2895-2904 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |
T22 | 3220-3229 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |
T23 | 3464-3489 | Phenotype | denotes | cytokine release syndrome | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033041 |
T24 | 5475-5500 | Phenotype | denotes | cytokine release syndrome | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033041 |
T25 | 5518-5533 | Phenotype | denotes | thromboembolism | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001907 |
T26 | 5826-5841 | Phenotype | denotes | thromboembolism | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001907 |
LitCovid-sentences
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T52 | 0-2 | Sentence | denotes | 3. |
T53 | 3-10 | Sentence | denotes | Results |
T54 | 11-289 | Sentence | denotes | Symptomatic treatment, recommendations for infection prevention and control, and recommendations for early identification of COVID-19 alarm symptoms were adopted for patients with mild upper respiratory illness without clinical risk factors and confirmed cases without symptoms. |
T55 | 290-457 | Sentence | denotes | Antiviral treatment was recommended for patients with mild upper respiratory illness with clinical risk factors and patients with mild, moderate, and severe pneumonia. |
T56 | 458-710 | Sentence | denotes | Patients could be treated with monotherapy using hydroxychloroquine or lopinavir/ritonavir; dual therapy with hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin or lopinavir/ritonavir; or triple therapy with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and lopinavir/ritonavir. |
T57 | 711-939 | Sentence | denotes | Hydroxychloroquine could be used in four different regimens, and lopinavir/ritonavir could be used in two different regimens, with varied dosages and duration of treatment—either a short (5-day) regimen or long (10-day) regimen. |
T58 | 940-1014 | Sentence | denotes | Azithromycin was recommended at the same dosage and duration of treatment. |
T59 | 1015-1108 | Sentence | denotes | Protocols included the combination of all four hydroxychloroquine regimens with azithromycin. |
T60 | 1109-1288 | Sentence | denotes | Regimens 1 and 3 of hydroxychloroquine were combined in dual therapy with the two regimens of lopinavir/ritonavir, which in turn were combined with azithromycin in triple therapy. |
T61 | 1289-1398 | Sentence | denotes | Chloroquine 500 mg twice per day was recommended as an alternative when hydroxychloroquine was not available. |
T62 | 1399-1553 | Sentence | denotes | In patients with three antiviral agents, lopinavir/ritonavir could be replaced with once-daily remdesivir if the patient was enrolled in a clinical trial. |
T63 | 1554-1624 | Sentence | denotes | The dosage and durations of antiviral treatments are shown in Table 1. |
T64 | 1625-1742 | Sentence | denotes | For treating mild respiratory illness in patients with clinical risk factors, up to six antiviral options were found. |
T65 | 1743-1942 | Sentence | denotes | Monotherapy with regimen 1 of hydroxychloroquine was the most frequent antiviral treatment recommended (5/15 protocols, 33.3%), followed by hydroxychloroquine regimen 1 plus azithromycin (3/15, 20%). |
T66 | 1943-2079 | Sentence | denotes | Dual antiviral treatment using hydroxychloroquine with azithromycin or lopinavir/ritonavir in combination was found in 40% of protocols. |
T67 | 2080-2126 | Sentence | denotes | No treatment was recommended in two protocols. |
T68 | 2127-2317 | Sentence | denotes | In regard to mild pneumonia, 14 protocols recommended dual therapy: seven recommended hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin, and seven recommended hydroxychloroquine plus lopinavir/ritonavir. |
T69 | 2318-2378 | Sentence | denotes | Only one protocol did not recommend any antiviral treatment. |
T70 | 2379-2531 | Sentence | denotes | For moderate pneumonia, hydroxychloroquine regimen 1 in combination with lopinavir/ritonavir regimen 2 was the most recommended treatment (5/15, 33.3%). |
T71 | 2532-2804 | Sentence | denotes | Different combinations of hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir (7/15, 46.7%) and triple therapy with hydroxychloroquine regimen 3, and azithromycin and lopinavir/ritonavir regimen 2 (6/15, 40%) were the most recommended treatments for patients with severe pneumonia. |
T72 | 2805-2905 | Sentence | denotes | Most protocols showed a preference for dual or triple antiviral therapy for patients with pneumonia. |
T73 | 2906-2998 | Sentence | denotes | Further details about recommended antiviral treatment of COVID-19 are summarized in Table 2. |
T74 | 2999-3172 | Sentence | denotes | All protocols recommended initiating empirical antibacterial treatment when secondary bacterial infection was suspected, according to local antibacterial therapy guidelines. |
T75 | 3173-3307 | Sentence | denotes | Empirical antibiotics were also indicated when pneumonia was diagnosed in seven protocols regardless of suspected bacterial infection. |
T76 | 3308-3402 | Sentence | denotes | Amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid or ceftriaxone were the main antibiotics recommended for use. |
T77 | 3403-3589 | Sentence | denotes | All protocol considered the management of ARDS with signs of cytokine release syndrome, which included elevation of interleukin-6, fibrinogen, D-dimer, and C-reactive protein levels [9]. |
T78 | 3590-3743 | Sentence | denotes | The therapies (corticosteroids, anticytokine or immunomodulatory agents, and immunoglobulin therapy) were recommended once these syndromes were observed. |
T79 | 3744-3843 | Sentence | denotes | The choice of which therapy to use was made by physicians according to their own clinical judgment. |
T80 | 3844-3977 | Sentence | denotes | Corticosteroids were widely included in all protocols; indeed, only 2 out of 15 hospitals did not include any corticosteroid regimen. |
T81 | 3978-4089 | Sentence | denotes | There was a total of five corticosteroid regimens, which used dexamethasone, methylprednisolone, or prednisone. |
T82 | 4090-4167 | Sentence | denotes | Dexamethasone was recommended in eight protocols with two different regimens: |
T83 | 4168-4215 | Sentence | denotes | 20 mg (5/8, 62.5%) or 40 mg (3/8, 37.5%) daily. |
T84 | 4216-4290 | Sentence | denotes | Methylprednisolone was included in 13 protocols with 2 different regimens: |
T85 | 4291-4347 | Sentence | denotes | 125–250 mg (8/13, 61.5%) or 1 mg/kg (5/13, 38.5%) daily. |
T86 | 4348-4423 | Sentence | denotes | Only one protocol included prednisone with a single regimen of 40 mg daily. |
T87 | 4424-4522 | Sentence | denotes | The duration of treatment varied from 3 to 10 days, depending on the patient’s clinical condition. |
T88 | 4523-4630 | Sentence | denotes | Tocilizumab was recommended in all protocols with the same dosage (400 or 600 mg) according to body weight. |
T89 | 4631-4700 | Sentence | denotes | Anakinra was included in seven protocols with six different regimens. |
T90 | 4701-4770 | Sentence | denotes | Immunoglobulins were included as possible therapy in three protocols. |
T91 | 4771-4955 | Sentence | denotes | In six protocols, other optional therapies were included, such as sarilumab, baricitinib, colchicine, ciclosporin A, sirolimus, tacrolimus, and vitamin D, according to clinical trials. |
T92 | 4956-5086 | Sentence | denotes | Dosage and durations of corticosteroids, anticytokine or immunomodulatory agents, and immunoglobulin therapy are shown in Table 3. |
T93 | 5087-5290 | Sentence | denotes | All protocols included anticoagulant treatment (low-molecular-weight heparin as the first option and unfractionated heparin as an alternative) and recommended prophylactic heparin during hospitalization. |
T94 | 5291-5592 | Sentence | denotes | In 8 of the 15 COVID-19 protocols (53.3%), the dose of prophylactic low-molecular-weight heparin was increased if there was a high risk of thrombosis (severe COVID-19 with evidence of cytokine release syndrome, previous venous thromboembolism or acute ischemic artery disease, or D-dimer >3000 ng/mL). |
T95 | 5593-5750 | Sentence | denotes | In five protocols (33.3%), heparin was increased to therapeutic doses if the condition was critical or if there was a progressive increase in D-dimer levels. |
T96 | 5751-5842 | Sentence | denotes | All protocols included therapeutic heparin if there was evidence of venous thromboembolism. |
T97 | 5843-6017 | Sentence | denotes | At discharge, prophylactic heparin was recommended if D-dimer >1500-3000 ng/dL for 7 days or during the time of the expected severe immobilization in seven protocols (46.6%). |
T98 | 6018-6090 | Sentence | denotes | Adjustments of heparin doses were indicated in the respective protocols. |
T99 | 6091-6195 | Sentence | denotes | Supportive care, hospital circuits, ward organization, and care planning were included in all protocols. |
T100 | 6196-6430 | Sentence | denotes | Drug side effects (including follow-up electrocardiogram for QT prolongation), interactions, nonrecommended treatment, or recommendation for other drugs were included in 11 protocols (73,3%), and discharge recommendations in 12 (80%). |