PMC:7551987 / 23768-25807 JSONTXT

{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"128","span":{"begin":642,"end":650},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"129","span":{"begin":818,"end":826},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A128","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"128","obj":"MESH:D007239"},{"id":"A129","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"129","obj":"MESH:D007239"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"3.7. Dynamics of Epidemics at Extreme Values for Virus Free-Living Survival\nIn Figure 7, we observe the disease dynamics at extreme values for survival and the dynamics corresponding to the fraction of the environment that is contaminated with infectious virus. Consistent with the data represented in Figure 6, we observe that minimum and maximum simulations differ more substantially for extreme survival scenarios in the positive correlation scenario than for the negative correlation scenario.\nThe feature of different outbreaks that varies most ostensibly between the correlation scenarios is the time needed to reach the peak number of infected individuals. In positive correlation simulations, one can observe that the low virulence, low survival scenario (Figure 7A,B) takes longer to reach the peak number of infected individuals. Most notably, however, the low virulence, low survival setting has a far smaller peak of environmental contamination and shorter tail relative to its high virulence, high survival counterpart (Figure 7D). Similarly, intriguing findings exist in the comparison between the simulation sets corresponding to extremes in the negative correlation setting (Figure 7E–H). Especially notable is the difference in the length of the tail of the environmental contamination for the high virulence, low survival combination (Figure 7F) vs. the low virulence, low survival combination variant (Figure 7H). The explanation is that, in this model, higher virulence influences (among many other things) the rate at which the virus is shed into the environment from either the asymptomatic (𝜎A) or symptomatic (𝜎I) host. We observe how the high virulence, low survival simulation (Figure 7E) features a symptomatic peak that is larger in size and is prolonged relative to the lower virulence counterpart (Figure 7G). This relatively large symptomatic population sheds infectious virus into the environment for a longer period of time, contributing to the long tail of contaminated environments observed in Figure 5F."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T163","span":{"begin":0,"end":4},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T164","span":{"begin":5,"end":75},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T165","span":{"begin":76,"end":261},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T166","span":{"begin":262,"end":497},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T167","span":{"begin":498,"end":663},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T168","span":{"begin":664,"end":839},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T169","span":{"begin":840,"end":1044},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T170","span":{"begin":1045,"end":1204},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T171","span":{"begin":1205,"end":1432},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T172","span":{"begin":1433,"end":1643},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T173","span":{"begin":1644,"end":1839},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T174","span":{"begin":1840,"end":2039},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"3.7. Dynamics of Epidemics at Extreme Values for Virus Free-Living Survival\nIn Figure 7, we observe the disease dynamics at extreme values for survival and the dynamics corresponding to the fraction of the environment that is contaminated with infectious virus. Consistent with the data represented in Figure 6, we observe that minimum and maximum simulations differ more substantially for extreme survival scenarios in the positive correlation scenario than for the negative correlation scenario.\nThe feature of different outbreaks that varies most ostensibly between the correlation scenarios is the time needed to reach the peak number of infected individuals. In positive correlation simulations, one can observe that the low virulence, low survival scenario (Figure 7A,B) takes longer to reach the peak number of infected individuals. Most notably, however, the low virulence, low survival setting has a far smaller peak of environmental contamination and shorter tail relative to its high virulence, high survival counterpart (Figure 7D). Similarly, intriguing findings exist in the comparison between the simulation sets corresponding to extremes in the negative correlation setting (Figure 7E–H). Especially notable is the difference in the length of the tail of the environmental contamination for the high virulence, low survival combination (Figure 7F) vs. the low virulence, low survival combination variant (Figure 7H). The explanation is that, in this model, higher virulence influences (among many other things) the rate at which the virus is shed into the environment from either the asymptomatic (𝜎A) or symptomatic (𝜎I) host. We observe how the high virulence, low survival simulation (Figure 7E) features a symptomatic peak that is larger in size and is prolonged relative to the lower virulence counterpart (Figure 7G). This relatively large symptomatic population sheds infectious virus into the environment for a longer period of time, contributing to the long tail of contaminated environments observed in Figure 5F."}