PMC:7546716 / 54-1130 JSONTXT

{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/7546716","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"7546716","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/7546716","text":"f COVID-19?\n\nAbstract\nThe unique cytokine signature of COVID-19 might provide clues to disease mechanisms and possible future therapies. Here, we propose a pathogenic model in which the alarmin cytokine, interleukin (IL)-33, is a key player in driving all stages of COVID-19 disease (ie, asymptomatic, mild–moderate, severe–critical, and chronic–fibrotic). In susceptible individuals, IL-33 release by damaged lower respiratory cells might induce dysregulated GATA-binding factor 3-expressing regulatory T cells, thereby breaking immune tolerance and eliciting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-induced autoinflammatory lung disease. Such disease might be initially sustained by IL-33-differentiated type-2 innate lymphoid cells and locally expanded γδ T cells. In severe COVID-19 cases, the IL-33–ST2 axis might act to expand the number of pathogenic granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor-expressing T cells, dampen antiviral interferon responses, elicit hyperinflammation, and favour thromboses. In patients who survive severe COVID-19, IL-33 might ","tracks":[{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":33,"end":41},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":194,"end":202},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":204,"end":215},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":217,"end":219},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":385,"end":387},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":428,"end":433},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":493,"end":511},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":506,"end":511},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":634,"end":638},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":693,"end":695},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":737,"end":742},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":769,"end":774},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":806,"end":808},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":816,"end":820},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":866,"end":877},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":878,"end":888},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":928,"end":933},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":1064,"end":1066},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A3","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050"},{"id":"A4","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050"},{"id":"A5","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86578"},{"id":"A6","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86578"},{"id":"A7","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86578"},{"id":"A8","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A9","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T9","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84070"},{"id":"A10","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T10","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A11","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T11","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195"},{"id":"A12","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T12","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86578"},{"id":"A13","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T13","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A14","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T14","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A15","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T15","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86578"},{"id":"A16","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T16","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma12520"},{"id":"A17","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T17","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62854"},{"id":"A18","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T18","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63261"},{"id":"A19","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T19","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A20","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T20","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86578"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T4","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T5","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T6","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T7","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T8","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T9","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T10","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T11","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T12","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T13","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T14","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T15","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T16","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T17","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T18","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T19","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"},{"subj":"T20","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":634,"end":638},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A2","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":2,"end":10},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":55,"end":63},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":266,"end":274},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":561,"end":608},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":561,"end":594},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":634,"end":646},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":786,"end":794},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":1011,"end":1021},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1054,"end":1062},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A2","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A3","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A4","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A5","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A6","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005275"},{"id":"A7","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A8","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0000831"},{"id":"A9","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T9","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T4","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T5","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T6","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T7","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T8","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"},{"subj":"T9","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":154,"end":155},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":228,"end":229},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":428,"end":433},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":493,"end":511},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000815"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":634,"end":638},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":634,"end":638},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":721,"end":742},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0001065"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":767,"end":774},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000084"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":812,"end":815},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051025"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":926,"end":933},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000084"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T4","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T5","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T6","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T7","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T8","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T9","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"},{"subj":"T10","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CLO"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":217,"end":219},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":385,"end":387},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":693,"end":695},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":806,"end":808},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":942,"end":951},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":952,"end":962},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":1064,"end":1066},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895"},{"id":"A2","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072"},{"id":"A3","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895"},{"id":"A4","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072"},{"id":"A5","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895"},{"id":"A6","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072"},{"id":"A7","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895"},{"id":"A8","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072"},{"id":"A9","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T9","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587"},{"id":"A10","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T10","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52999"},{"id":"A11","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T11","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895"},{"id":"A12","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T11","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T5","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T7","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T9","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T10","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"},{"subj":"T11","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":634,"end":646},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002088"},{"subj":"T1","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PD-HP"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":13,"end":21},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":22,"end":136},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":137,"end":356},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":357,"end":647},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":648,"end":775},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":776,"end":1022},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"T2","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T3","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T4","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T5","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T6","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"},{"subj":"T7","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-sentences"}]},{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"3","span":{"begin":2,"end":10},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"23","span":{"begin":204,"end":223},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"24","span":{"begin":385,"end":390},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"25","span":{"begin":460,"end":481},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"26","span":{"begin":693,"end":698},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"27","span":{"begin":806,"end":811},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"28","span":{"begin":866,"end":914},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"29","span":{"begin":1064,"end":1069},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"33","span":{"begin":561,"end":608},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"34","span":{"begin":1026,"end":1034},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"35","span":{"begin":812,"end":815},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"36","span":{"begin":55,"end":63},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"37","span":{"begin":266,"end":274},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"38","span":{"begin":617,"end":646},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"39","span":{"begin":786,"end":794},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"40","span":{"begin":1054,"end":1062},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A3","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"3","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A23","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"23","obj":"Gene:90865"},{"id":"A24","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"24","obj":"Gene:90865"},{"id":"A25","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"25","obj":"Gene:2625"},{"id":"A26","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"26","obj":"Gene:90865"},{"id":"A27","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"27","obj":"Gene:90865"},{"id":"A28","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"28","obj":"Gene:1437"},{"id":"A29","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"29","obj":"Gene:90865"},{"id":"A33","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"33","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A34","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"34","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A35","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"35","obj":"Gene:17082"},{"id":"A36","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"36","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A37","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"37","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A38","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"38","obj":"MESH:D008171"},{"id":"A39","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"39","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A40","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"40","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"subj":"3","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"23","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"24","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"25","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"26","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"27","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"28","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"29","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"33","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"34","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"35","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"36","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"37","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"38","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"39","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"},{"subj":"40","pred":"source","obj":"LitCovid-PubTator"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}]}],"config":{"attribute types":[{"pred":"source","value type":"selection","values":[{"id":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","color":"#daec93","default":true},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","color":"#e493ec"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","color":"#93ecca"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","color":"#ecb093"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","color":"#9693ec"},{"id":"LitCovid-PD-HP","color":"#a9ec93"},{"id":"LitCovid-sentences","color":"#ec93c3"},{"id":"LitCovid-PubTator","color":"#93deec"}]}]}}