PMC:7546716 / 17791-18785
Annnotations
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T325","span":{"begin":98,"end":102},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T326","span":{"begin":98,"end":100},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T327","span":{"begin":105,"end":109},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T328","span":{"begin":105,"end":107},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T329","span":{"begin":116,"end":120},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T330","span":{"begin":116,"end":118},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T331","span":{"begin":142,"end":144},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T332","span":{"begin":347,"end":354},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T333","span":{"begin":404,"end":408},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T334","span":{"begin":404,"end":406},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T335","span":{"begin":411,"end":415},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T336","span":{"begin":411,"end":413},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T337","span":{"begin":422,"end":424},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T338","span":{"begin":444,"end":452},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T339","span":{"begin":476,"end":480},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T340","span":{"begin":497,"end":505},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T341","span":{"begin":514,"end":525},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T342","span":{"begin":580,"end":584},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T343","span":{"begin":580,"end":582},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T344","span":{"begin":587,"end":596},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T345","span":{"begin":684,"end":688},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T346","span":{"begin":684,"end":686},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T347","span":{"begin":801,"end":815},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T348","span":{"begin":801,"end":805},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T349","span":{"begin":853,"end":860},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A325","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T325","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86583"},{"id":"A326","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T326","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86578"},{"id":"A327","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T327","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86583"},{"id":"A328","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T328","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86578"},{"id":"A329","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T329","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86583"},{"id":"A330","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T330","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86578"},{"id":"A331","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T331","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86578"},{"id":"A332","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T332","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257"},{"id":"A333","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T333","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86583"},{"id":"A334","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T334","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86578"},{"id":"A335","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T335","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86583"},{"id":"A336","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T336","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86578"},{"id":"A337","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T337","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86578"},{"id":"A338","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T338","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62864"},{"id":"A339","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T339","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195"},{"id":"A340","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T340","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62864"},{"id":"A341","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T341","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63261"},{"id":"A342","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T342","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86583"},{"id":"A343","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T343","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86578"},{"id":"A344","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T344","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62864"},{"id":"A345","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T345","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86583"},{"id":"A346","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T346","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86578"},{"id":"A347","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T347","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63841"},{"id":"A348","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T348","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A349","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T349","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257"}],"text":"Advanced stages of COVID-19 are characterised by high circulating and pulmonary concentrations of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA).6, 15, 25 The increased production of these molecules probably relates to high viral loads resulting in increased viroporins and subsequent activation of the NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. The strong expression of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1RA is also due to monocyte activation and intense lung infiltration of monocyte-derived macrophages at later stages, as suggested by an abundance of CD14+IL-1β+ monocytes in the circulation of patients with COVID-19 in the early stages of recovery.46 Active IL-1β is produced following NLRP3 assembly and consequent caspase-1 activation. By modulating ion fluxes across host cell membranes, viroporins (in particular the ORF3a protein) have been shown to activate NLRP3 during SARS-CoV infection, and a similar mechanism might be at play during SARS-CoV-2 infection.47"}
LitCovid-PD-UBERON
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":476,"end":480},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A19","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T19","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"}],"text":"Advanced stages of COVID-19 are characterised by high circulating and pulmonary concentrations of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA).6, 15, 25 The increased production of these molecules probably relates to high viral loads resulting in increased viroporins and subsequent activation of the NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. The strong expression of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1RA is also due to monocyte activation and intense lung infiltration of monocyte-derived macrophages at later stages, as suggested by an abundance of CD14+IL-1β+ monocytes in the circulation of patients with COVID-19 in the early stages of recovery.46 Active IL-1β is produced following NLRP3 assembly and consequent caspase-1 activation. By modulating ion fluxes across host cell membranes, viroporins (in particular the ORF3a protein) have been shown to activate NLRP3 during SARS-CoV infection, and a similar mechanism might be at play during SARS-CoV-2 infection.47"}
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T105","span":{"begin":19,"end":27},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T106","span":{"begin":633,"end":641},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T107","span":{"begin":903,"end":921},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T108","span":{"begin":912,"end":921},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T109","span":{"begin":971,"end":979},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T110","span":{"begin":982,"end":991},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A105","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T105","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A106","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T106","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A107","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T107","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A108","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T108","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A109","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T109","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A110","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T110","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"}],"text":"Advanced stages of COVID-19 are characterised by high circulating and pulmonary concentrations of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA).6, 15, 25 The increased production of these molecules probably relates to high viral loads resulting in increased viroporins and subsequent activation of the NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. The strong expression of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1RA is also due to monocyte activation and intense lung infiltration of monocyte-derived macrophages at later stages, as suggested by an abundance of CD14+IL-1β+ monocytes in the circulation of patients with COVID-19 in the early stages of recovery.46 Active IL-1β is produced following NLRP3 assembly and consequent caspase-1 activation. By modulating ion fluxes across host cell membranes, viroporins (in particular the ORF3a protein) have been shown to activate NLRP3 during SARS-CoV infection, and a similar mechanism might be at play during SARS-CoV-2 infection.47"}
LitCovid-PD-CLO
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T257","span":{"begin":290,"end":300},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T258","span":{"begin":444,"end":452},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000576"},{"id":"T259","span":{"begin":453,"end":463},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T260","span":{"begin":476,"end":480},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"},{"id":"T261","span":{"begin":476,"end":480},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934"},{"id":"T262","span":{"begin":497,"end":505},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000576"},{"id":"T263","span":{"begin":587,"end":596},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000576"},{"id":"T264","span":{"begin":677,"end":683},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T265","span":{"begin":752,"end":762},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T266","span":{"begin":801,"end":805},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T267","span":{"begin":806,"end":815},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158"},{"id":"T268","span":{"begin":881,"end":889},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T269","span":{"begin":927,"end":928},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"}],"text":"Advanced stages of COVID-19 are characterised by high circulating and pulmonary concentrations of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA).6, 15, 25 The increased production of these molecules probably relates to high viral loads resulting in increased viroporins and subsequent activation of the NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. The strong expression of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1RA is also due to monocyte activation and intense lung infiltration of monocyte-derived macrophages at later stages, as suggested by an abundance of CD14+IL-1β+ monocytes in the circulation of patients with COVID-19 in the early stages of recovery.46 Active IL-1β is produced following NLRP3 assembly and consequent caspase-1 activation. By modulating ion fluxes across host cell membranes, viroporins (in particular the ORF3a protein) have been shown to activate NLRP3 during SARS-CoV infection, and a similar mechanism might be at play during SARS-CoV-2 infection.47"}
LitCovid-PD-CHEBI
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T247","span":{"begin":98,"end":100},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T249","span":{"begin":105,"end":107},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T251","span":{"begin":116,"end":118},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T253","span":{"begin":130,"end":140},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T254","span":{"begin":142,"end":144},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T256","span":{"begin":194,"end":203},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T257","span":{"begin":347,"end":354},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T258","span":{"begin":404,"end":406},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T260","span":{"begin":411,"end":413},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T262","span":{"begin":422,"end":424},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T264","span":{"begin":580,"end":582},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T266","span":{"begin":684,"end":686},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T268","span":{"begin":778,"end":781},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T269","span":{"begin":853,"end":860},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A247","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T247","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895"},{"id":"A248","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T247","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072"},{"id":"A249","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T249","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895"},{"id":"A250","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T249","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072"},{"id":"A251","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T251","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895"},{"id":"A252","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T251","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072"},{"id":"A253","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T253","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48706"},{"id":"A254","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T254","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895"},{"id":"A255","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T254","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072"},{"id":"A256","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T256","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367"},{"id":"A257","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T257","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080"},{"id":"A258","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T258","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895"},{"id":"A259","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T258","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072"},{"id":"A260","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T260","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895"},{"id":"A261","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T260","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072"},{"id":"A262","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T262","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895"},{"id":"A263","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T262","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072"},{"id":"A264","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T264","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895"},{"id":"A265","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T264","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072"},{"id":"A266","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T266","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895"},{"id":"A267","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T266","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072"},{"id":"A268","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T268","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870"},{"id":"A269","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T269","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080"}],"text":"Advanced stages of COVID-19 are characterised by high circulating and pulmonary concentrations of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA).6, 15, 25 The increased production of these molecules probably relates to high viral loads resulting in increased viroporins and subsequent activation of the NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. The strong expression of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1RA is also due to monocyte activation and intense lung infiltration of monocyte-derived macrophages at later stages, as suggested by an abundance of CD14+IL-1β+ monocytes in the circulation of patients with COVID-19 in the early stages of recovery.46 Active IL-1β is produced following NLRP3 assembly and consequent caspase-1 activation. By modulating ion fluxes across host cell membranes, viroporins (in particular the ORF3a protein) have been shown to activate NLRP3 during SARS-CoV infection, and a similar mechanism might be at play during SARS-CoV-2 infection.47"}
LitCovid-PD-HP
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":476,"end":493},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A20","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T20","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002113"}],"text":"Advanced stages of COVID-19 are characterised by high circulating and pulmonary concentrations of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA).6, 15, 25 The increased production of these molecules probably relates to high viral loads resulting in increased viroporins and subsequent activation of the NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. The strong expression of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1RA is also due to monocyte activation and intense lung infiltration of monocyte-derived macrophages at later stages, as suggested by an abundance of CD14+IL-1β+ monocytes in the circulation of patients with COVID-19 in the early stages of recovery.46 Active IL-1β is produced following NLRP3 assembly and consequent caspase-1 activation. By modulating ion fluxes across host cell membranes, viroporins (in particular the ORF3a protein) have been shown to activate NLRP3 during SARS-CoV infection, and a similar mechanism might be at play during SARS-CoV-2 infection.47"}
LitCovid-PD-GO-BP
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T44","span":{"begin":142,"end":148},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005152"},{"id":"T45","span":{"begin":264,"end":274},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0039707"},{"id":"T46","span":{"begin":422,"end":428},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005152"},{"id":"T47","span":{"begin":444,"end":463},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042117"},{"id":"T48","span":{"begin":817,"end":827},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0039707"}],"text":"Advanced stages of COVID-19 are characterised by high circulating and pulmonary concentrations of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA).6, 15, 25 The increased production of these molecules probably relates to high viral loads resulting in increased viroporins and subsequent activation of the NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. The strong expression of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1RA is also due to monocyte activation and intense lung infiltration of monocyte-derived macrophages at later stages, as suggested by an abundance of CD14+IL-1β+ monocytes in the circulation of patients with COVID-19 in the early stages of recovery.46 Active IL-1β is produced following NLRP3 assembly and consequent caspase-1 activation. By modulating ion fluxes across host cell membranes, viroporins (in particular the ORF3a protein) have been shown to activate NLRP3 during SARS-CoV infection, and a similar mechanism might be at play during SARS-CoV-2 infection.47"}
LitCovid-sentences
{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T76","span":{"begin":0,"end":378},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T77","span":{"begin":379,"end":763},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T78","span":{"begin":764,"end":994},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"Advanced stages of COVID-19 are characterised by high circulating and pulmonary concentrations of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA).6, 15, 25 The increased production of these molecules probably relates to high viral loads resulting in increased viroporins and subsequent activation of the NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. The strong expression of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1RA is also due to monocyte activation and intense lung infiltration of monocyte-derived macrophages at later stages, as suggested by an abundance of CD14+IL-1β+ monocytes in the circulation of patients with COVID-19 in the early stages of recovery.46 Active IL-1β is produced following NLRP3 assembly and consequent caspase-1 activation. By modulating ion fluxes across host cell membranes, viroporins (in particular the ORF3a protein) have been shown to activate NLRP3 during SARS-CoV infection, and a similar mechanism might be at play during SARS-CoV-2 infection.47"}
LitCovid-PubTator
{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"753","span":{"begin":98,"end":103},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"754","span":{"begin":105,"end":110},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"755","span":{"begin":116,"end":140},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"756","span":{"begin":142,"end":148},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"757","span":{"begin":308,"end":356},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"758","span":{"begin":358,"end":363},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"759","span":{"begin":404,"end":409},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"760","span":{"begin":411,"end":416},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"761","span":{"begin":422,"end":428},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"762","span":{"begin":580,"end":585},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"763","span":{"begin":684,"end":689},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"764","span":{"begin":712,"end":717},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"765","span":{"begin":742,"end":751},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"766","span":{"begin":890,"end":895},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"767","span":{"begin":619,"end":627},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"768","span":{"begin":19,"end":27},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"769","span":{"begin":633,"end":641},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"770","span":{"begin":903,"end":921},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"771","span":{"begin":971,"end":991},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A753","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"753","obj":"Gene:3552"},{"id":"A754","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"754","obj":"Gene:3552"},{"id":"A755","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"755","obj":"Gene:3557"},{"id":"A756","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"756","obj":"Gene:3557"},{"id":"A757","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"757","obj":"Gene:114548"},{"id":"A758","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"758","obj":"Gene:114548"},{"id":"A759","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"759","obj":"Gene:3552"},{"id":"A760","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"760","obj":"Gene:3552"},{"id":"A761","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"761","obj":"Gene:3557"},{"id":"A762","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"762","obj":"Gene:3552"},{"id":"A763","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"763","obj":"Gene:3552"},{"id":"A764","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"764","obj":"Gene:114548"},{"id":"A765","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"765","obj":"Gene:834"},{"id":"A766","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"766","obj":"Gene:114548"},{"id":"A767","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"767","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A768","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"768","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A769","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"769","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A770","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"770","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A771","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"771","obj":"MESH:C000657245"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"Advanced stages of COVID-19 are characterised by high circulating and pulmonary concentrations of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA).6, 15, 25 The increased production of these molecules probably relates to high viral loads resulting in increased viroporins and subsequent activation of the NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. The strong expression of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1RA is also due to monocyte activation and intense lung infiltration of monocyte-derived macrophages at later stages, as suggested by an abundance of CD14+IL-1β+ monocytes in the circulation of patients with COVID-19 in the early stages of recovery.46 Active IL-1β is produced following NLRP3 assembly and consequent caspase-1 activation. By modulating ion fluxes across host cell membranes, viroporins (in particular the ORF3a protein) have been shown to activate NLRP3 during SARS-CoV infection, and a similar mechanism might be at play during SARS-CoV-2 infection.47"}
2_test
{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"33073244-32398875-66244580","span":{"begin":153,"end":155},"obj":"32398875"},{"id":"33073244-32360286-66244581","span":{"begin":157,"end":159},"obj":"32360286"},{"id":"33073244-32377375-66244582","span":{"begin":674,"end":676},"obj":"32377375"}],"text":"Advanced stages of COVID-19 are characterised by high circulating and pulmonary concentrations of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA).6, 15, 25 The increased production of these molecules probably relates to high viral loads resulting in increased viroporins and subsequent activation of the NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. The strong expression of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1RA is also due to monocyte activation and intense lung infiltration of monocyte-derived macrophages at later stages, as suggested by an abundance of CD14+IL-1β+ monocytes in the circulation of patients with COVID-19 in the early stages of recovery.46 Active IL-1β is produced following NLRP3 assembly and consequent caspase-1 activation. By modulating ion fluxes across host cell membranes, viroporins (in particular the ORF3a protein) have been shown to activate NLRP3 during SARS-CoV infection, and a similar mechanism might be at play during SARS-CoV-2 infection.47"}