PMC:7546130 / 6606-11824
Annnotations
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | fma_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T46 | 237-242 | Body_part | denotes | brain | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma50801 |
| T47 | 251-254 | Body_part | denotes | CSF | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma20935 |
| T48 | 281-284 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
| T49 | 400-405 | Body_part | denotes | brain | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma50801 |
| T50 | 478-483 | Body_part | denotes | brain | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma50801 |
| T51 | 708-730 | Body_part | denotes | central nervous system | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma55675 |
| T52 | 987-1002 | Body_part | denotes | corpus callosum | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86464 |
| T53 | 1362-1370 | Body_part | denotes | monocyte | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62864 |
| T54 | 1412-1421 | Body_part | denotes | cytokines | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050 |
| T55 | 1648-1663 | Body_part | denotes | corpus callosum | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86464 |
| T56 | 1873-1888 | Body_part | denotes | corpus callosum | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86464 |
| T57 | 2165-2170 | Body_part | denotes | brain | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma50801 |
| T58 | 2171-2177 | Body_part | denotes | tissue | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9637 |
| T59 | 2335-2340 | Body_part | denotes | brain | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma50801 |
| T60 | 2940-2949 | Body_part | denotes | meningeal | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma231572 |
| T61 | 3036-3039 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
| T62 | 3058-3061 | Body_part | denotes | CSF | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma20935 |
| T63 | 3131-3139 | Body_part | denotes | proteins | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
| T64 | 3166-3169 | Body_part | denotes | CSF | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma20935 |
| T65 | 3287-3308 | Body_part | denotes | capillary endothelium | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62114 |
| T66 | 3316-3321 | Body_part | denotes | brain | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma50801 |
| T67 | 3322-3327 | Body_part | denotes | blood | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670 |
| T68 | 3444-3447 | Body_part | denotes | RNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095 |
| T69 | 3455-3458 | Body_part | denotes | CSF | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma20935 |
| T70 | 3616-3619 | Body_part | denotes | CSF | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma20935 |
| T71 | 3679-3684 | Body_part | denotes | blood | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670 |
| T72 | 3685-3690 | Body_part | denotes | brain | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma50801 |
| T73 | 3877-3882 | Body_part | denotes | organ | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67498 |
| T74 | 4001-4004 | Body_part | denotes | CSF | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma20935 |
| T75 | 4193-4203 | Body_part | denotes | macrophage | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63261 |
| T76 | 4352-4357 | Body_part | denotes | lungs | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68877 |
| T77 | 4404-4426 | Body_part | denotes | central nervous system | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma55675 |
| T78 | 4952-4963 | Body_part | denotes | endothelium | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63916 |
LitCovid-PD-UBERON
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | uberon_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T31 | 237-242 | Body_part | denotes | brain | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955 |
| T32 | 400-405 | Body_part | denotes | brain | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955 |
| T33 | 478-483 | Body_part | denotes | brain | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955 |
| T34 | 708-730 | Body_part | denotes | central nervous system | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001017 |
| T35 | 716-730 | Body_part | denotes | nervous system | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001016 |
| T36 | 987-1002 | Body_part | denotes | corpus callosum | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002336 |
| T37 | 987-993 | Body_part | denotes | corpus | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3000645 |
| T38 | 1102-1108 | Body_part | denotes | vessel | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000055 |
| T39 | 1648-1663 | Body_part | denotes | corpus callosum | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002336 |
| T40 | 1648-1654 | Body_part | denotes | corpus | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3000645 |
| T41 | 1873-1888 | Body_part | denotes | corpus callosum | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002336 |
| T42 | 1873-1879 | Body_part | denotes | corpus | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3000645 |
| T43 | 2165-2170 | Body_part | denotes | brain | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955 |
| T44 | 2171-2177 | Body_part | denotes | tissue | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000479 |
| T45 | 2335-2340 | Body_part | denotes | brain | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955 |
| T46 | 3287-3296 | Body_part | denotes | capillary | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001982 |
| T47 | 3297-3308 | Body_part | denotes | endothelium | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001986 |
| T48 | 3316-3321 | Body_part | denotes | brain | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955 |
| T49 | 3322-3327 | Body_part | denotes | blood | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 |
| T50 | 3679-3698 | Body_part | denotes | blood brain barrier | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000120 |
| T51 | 3679-3684 | Body_part | denotes | blood | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 |
| T52 | 3685-3690 | Body_part | denotes | brain | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955 |
| T53 | 3877-3882 | Body_part | denotes | organ | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000062 |
| T54 | 4404-4426 | Body_part | denotes | central nervous system | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001017 |
| T55 | 4412-4426 | Body_part | denotes | nervous system | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001016 |
| T56 | 4952-4963 | Body_part | denotes | endothelium | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001986 |
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | mondo_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T22 | 47-55 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T23 | 56-65 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T24 | 270-278 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T25 | 323-331 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T26 | 332-341 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T27 | 478-499 | Disease | denotes | brain vascular injury | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005621 |
| T28 | 493-499 | Disease | denotes | injury | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178 |
| T29 | 837-845 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T30 | 848-857 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T31 | 1076-1084 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T32 | 1166-1176 | Disease | denotes | thrombosis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0000831 |
| T33 | 1253-1261 | Disease | denotes | thrombus | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0000831 |
| T34 | 1465-1471 | Disease | denotes | stroke | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005098|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0011057 |
| T36 | 1545-1549 | Disease | denotes | SARS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T37 | 1555-1564 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
| T38 | 1699-1707 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T39 | 1934-1942 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T40 | 2275-2283 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T41 | 2421-2453 | Disease | denotes | Acute necrotizing encephalopathy | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0003336 |
| T42 | 2439-2453 | Disease | denotes | encephalopathy | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005560 |
| T43 | 2455-2458 | Disease | denotes | ANE | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0003336 |
| T44 | 2531-2539 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T45 | 2720-2739 | Disease | denotes | meningoencephalitis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005845 |
| T46 | 2749-2763 | Disease | denotes | encephalopathy | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005560 |
| T47 | 2768-2781 | Disease | denotes | renal failure | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001106 |
| T48 | 2983-2995 | Disease | denotes | encephalitis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0019956 |
| T49 | 3025-3033 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T50 | 3374-3382 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T51 | 3836-3848 | Disease | denotes | inflammation | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021166 |
| T52 | 3868-3890 | Disease | denotes | multiple organ failure | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0043726 |
| T53 | 4113-4121 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T54 | 4122-4131 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249 |
| T55 | 4193-4223 | Disease | denotes | macrophage activation syndrome | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0015545 |
| T56 | 4225-4228 | Disease | denotes | MAS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0015545 |
| T57 | 4559-4567 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T58 | 5038-5044 | Disease | denotes | injury | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178 |
| T59 | 5151-5159 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
LitCovid-PD-CLO
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T53 | 22-23 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T54 | 237-242 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955 | denotes | brain |
| T55 | 237-242 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000302 | denotes | brain |
| T56 | 400-405 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955 | denotes | brain |
| T57 | 400-405 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000302 | denotes | brain |
| T58 | 478-483 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955 | denotes | brain |
| T59 | 478-483 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000302 | denotes | brain |
| T60 | 695-700 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T61 | 708-730 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001017 | denotes | central nervous system |
| T62 | 708-730 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000302 | denotes | central nervous system |
| T63 | 708-730 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000908 | denotes | central nervous system |
| T64 | 811-812 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T65 | 1030-1031 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T66 | 1102-1108 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000055 | denotes | vessel |
| T67 | 1362-1370 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000576 | denotes | monocyte |
| T68 | 1497-1498 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T69 | 2165-2170 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955 | denotes | brain |
| T70 | 2165-2170 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000302 | denotes | brain |
| T71 | 2229-2230 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T72 | 2254-2257 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
| T73 | 2335-2340 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955 | denotes | brain |
| T74 | 2335-2340 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000302 | denotes | brain |
| T75 | 2510-2513 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
| T76 | 2914-2915 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T77 | 3089-3090 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
| T78 | 3112-3117 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T79 | 3207-3210 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
| T80 | 3239-3244 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T81 | 3297-3308 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001986 | denotes | endothelium |
| T82 | 3316-3321 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955 | denotes | brain |
| T83 | 3316-3321 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000302 | denotes | brain |
| T84 | 3322-3327 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 | denotes | blood |
| T85 | 3322-3327 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 | denotes | blood |
| T86 | 3528-3530 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 | denotes | 11 |
| T87 | 3536-3537 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T88 | 3679-3684 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 | denotes | blood |
| T89 | 3679-3684 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 | denotes | blood |
| T90 | 3685-3690 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955 | denotes | brain |
| T91 | 3685-3690 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000302 | denotes | brain |
| T92 | 3801-3802 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T93 | 3853-3854 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T94 | 3877-3882 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003103 | denotes | organ |
| T95 | 3971-3972 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T96 | 3988-3993 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
| T97 | 4090-4091 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T98 | 4105-4107 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 | denotes | 11 |
| T99 | 4191-4192 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T100 | 4204-4214 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | activation |
| T101 | 4265-4266 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T102 | 4352-4357 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 | denotes | lungs |
| T103 | 4359-4360 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
| T104 | 4404-4426 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001017 | denotes | central nervous system |
| T105 | 4404-4426 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000302 | denotes | central nervous system |
| T106 | 4404-4426 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000908 | denotes | central nervous system |
| T107 | 4692-4693 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T108 | 4794-4795 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T109 | 4859-4860 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T110 | 4952-4963 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001986 | denotes | endothelium |
| T111 | 5066-5068 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 | denotes | 11 |
LitCovid-PD-CHEBI
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | chebi_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T30 | 2681-2684 | Chemical | denotes | EEG | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73494 |
| T31 | 3131-3139 | Chemical | denotes | proteins | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
LitCovid-PD-HP
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | hp_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T13 | 1465-1471 | Phenotype | denotes | stroke | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001297 |
| T14 | 2421-2453 | Phenotype | denotes | Acute necrotizing encephalopathy | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0006965 |
| T15 | 2455-2458 | Phenotype | denotes | ANE | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0006965 |
| T16 | 2616-2621 | Phenotype | denotes | edema | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000969 |
| T17 | 2681-2698 | Phenotype | denotes | EEG abnormalities | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002353 |
| T18 | 2749-2763 | Phenotype | denotes | encephalopathy | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001298 |
| T19 | 2768-2781 | Phenotype | denotes | renal failure | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000083 |
| T20 | 2983-2995 | Phenotype | denotes | encephalitis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002383 |
| T21 | 4122-4131 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |
LitCovid-PD-GO-BP
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T4 | 1262-1271 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 | denotes | formation |
| T5 | 1371-1380 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 | denotes | synthesis |
| T6 | 2626-2634 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070265 | denotes | necrosis |
| T7 | 2626-2634 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019835 | denotes | necrosis |
| T8 | 2626-2634 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008219 | denotes | necrosis |
| T9 | 2626-2634 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001906 | denotes | necrosis |
| T10 | 3836-3848 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 | denotes | inflammation |
| T11 | 3947-3956 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 | denotes | breakdown |
| T12 | 4193-4214 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042116 | denotes | macrophage activation |
LitCovid-sentences
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T62 | 0-10 | Sentence | denotes | Discussion |
| T63 | 11-285 | Sentence | denotes | We present a patient with pulmonary COVID-19 infection who developed neurological symptoms characterized by severely impaired consciousness, with multiple DWI areas of restricted diffusion and scattered SWI hypointensities at brain MRI and CSF positivity for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. |
| T64 | 286-442 | Sentence | denotes | Neurological complications following COVID-19 infection are not uncommon [2], and various putative mechanisms for brain involvement have been suggested [3]. |
| T65 | 443-614 | Sentence | denotes | Our patient presented MRI signs of brain vascular injury, characterized by the coexistence of acute ischemic areas and scattered microbleeds or alternatively microthrombi. |
| T66 | 615-916 | Sentence | denotes | The underlying mechanisms, which include direct and indirect penetration of the virus to the central nervous system and systemic cardiorespiratory complications [4], are yet to be elucidated, and a direct correlation with SARS-CoV-2 infection remains uncertain, but we tried to make some observations. |
| T67 | 917-1123 | Sentence | denotes | First, the multiple supratentorial ischemic lesions seen on DWI, with corpus callosum involvement, do not depict a territorial distribution, inconsistent with COVID-19-associated large vessel occlusion [5]. |
| T68 | 1124-1203 | Sentence | denotes | Instead, they might reflect diffuse local thrombosis or, less likely, embolism. |
| T69 | 1204-1476 | Sentence | denotes | In this setting, high D-dimer values may reflect thrombus formation, but they can also act as acute-phase enhancer of the inflammatory cascade and stimulates monocyte synthesis and release of proinflammatory cytokines, which can contribute to the occurrence of stroke [6]. |
| T70 | 1477-1580 | Sentence | denotes | We cannot ascertain a specific correlation of the DWI findings with SARS-CoV2 infection in our patient. |
| T71 | 1581-1758 | Sentence | denotes | Nevertheless, similar MRI findings of bilateral supratentorial and corpus callosum DWI lesions have been described in COVID-19 patients with similar clinical manifestations [2]. |
| T72 | 1759-1836 | Sentence | denotes | The SWI hypointense foci in our patient are also of difficult interpretation. |
| T73 | 1837-2107 | Sentence | denotes | In fact, SWI hypointensities in the corpus callosum and in the cortical/iuxtacortical regions of COVID-19 patients with neurological impairment have been reported [7], but their pathological correlate is not univocal, as they could represent microbleeds or microthrombi. |
| T74 | 2108-2221 | Sentence | denotes | In one pathology study, microhemorrages were detected on brain tissue at the location of SWI hypointensities [8]. |
| T75 | 2222-2420 | Sentence | denotes | Though a coagulopathic disorder has been reported in COVID-19 patients, diffuse, mostly peripherally distributed brain microbleeds can also be the expression of critical illness in ICU patients [9]. |
| T76 | 2421-2648 | Sentence | denotes | Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) [2], with similar bithalamic SWI hypointensities, has been reported in COVID-19 patients, but the MRI picture we describe is different, because no signs of edema and necrosis were evident. |
| T77 | 2649-2875 | Sentence | denotes | Our patient did not develop any EEG abnormalities typically related to meningoencephalitis, hypoxic encephalopathy, or renal failure, such as epileptiform focal abnormalities and lateralized or generalized periodic discharges. |
| T78 | 2876-3009 | Sentence | denotes | Accordingly, post-contrast MRI showed a lack of parenchymal and meningeal enhancement, and no MRI signs of encephalitis were present. |
| T79 | 3010-3088 | Sentence | denotes | The meaning of SARS-CoV-2 RNA positivity in the CSF of our patient is unclear. |
| T80 | 3089-3187 | Sentence | denotes | A direct effect of the virus, with normal proteins and no pleocytosis in the CSF, is questionable. |
| T81 | 3188-3532 | Sentence | denotes | Viral neurotropism has been largely theorized, and virus particles have been observed to cross the capillary endothelium of the brain blood barrier (BBB) [10], but direct implication of SARS-CoV-2 in neurological manifestations is controversial, and viral RNA in the CSF of patients with neurological complications is only rarely detected [11]. |
| T82 | 3533-3720 | Sentence | denotes | In a recent study including 31 patients with neurological manifestations, none had CSF viral positivity, but many had signs of disturbance of the blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity [12]. |
| T83 | 3721-3891 | Sentence | denotes | Our patient showed signs of mild damage of the BBB as well, which might also be a possible consequence of systemic inflammation, in a patient with multiple organ failure. |
| T84 | 3892-4049 | Sentence | denotes | Therefore, an indirect mechanism of neurovascular unit breakdown, resulting in a passage of the virus in the CSF through the damaged BBB, cannot be excluded. |
| T85 | 4050-4109 | Sentence | denotes | Contamination or artifact could also be a possibility [11]. |
| T86 | 4110-4358 | Sentence | denotes | In COVID-19 pneumonia, the extensive microvascular damage seems to be related to a macrophage activation syndrome (MAS)-like mechanism [13], which induces a coagulopathic cascade with subsequent local microthrombosis and microbleeding in the lungs. |
| T87 | 4359-4474 | Sentence | denotes | A similar mechanism could be responsible for central nervous system manifestations, but supporting data are scarce. |
| T88 | 4475-4639 | Sentence | denotes | We consider this case an example of neurological manifestations possibly related to COVID-19, characterized by vascular damage predominantly involving microvessels. |
| T89 | 4640-4827 | Sentence | denotes | The absence of pathological confirmation represents a major limitation, but similar MRI patterns [2] and recent pathological correlations seem to support a microangiopathic substrate [8]. |
| T90 | 4828-5070 | Sentence | denotes | Different mechanisms including a systemic procoagulative status and systemic and local inflammatory processes involving the endothelium, most likely via the ACE2 receptor, and eventual immune-mediated vascular injury could be considered [11]. |
| T91 | 5071-5218 | Sentence | denotes | Clinicians should be aware of the possible severe neurological complications in COVID-19 patients and of the role of MRI in their characterization. |
LitCovid-PubTator
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | tao:has_database_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 123 | 24-31 | Species | denotes | patient | Tax:9606 |
| 124 | 270-280 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 125 | 37-55 | Disease | denotes | pulmonary COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 126 | 56-65 | Disease | denotes | infection | MESH:D007239 |
| 127 | 80-101 | Disease | denotes | neurological symptoms | MESH:D009422 |
| 128 | 128-150 | Disease | denotes | impaired consciousness | MESH:D003244 |
| 129 | 214-233 | Disease | denotes | SWI hypointensities | |
| 137 | 447-454 | Species | denotes | patient | Tax:9606 |
| 138 | 286-312 | Disease | denotes | Neurological complications | MESH:D002493 |
| 139 | 323-331 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 140 | 332-341 | Disease | denotes | infection | MESH:D007239 |
| 141 | 478-499 | Disease | denotes | brain vascular injury | MESH:D020214 |
| 142 | 543-551 | Disease | denotes | ischemic | MESH:D007511 |
| 143 | 837-857 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 infection | MESH:C000657245 |
| 155 | 1545-1554 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 156 | 1572-1579 | Species | denotes | patient | Tax:9606 |
| 157 | 1708-1716 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 158 | 952-960 | Disease | denotes | ischemic | MESH:D007511 |
| 159 | 1076-1084 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 160 | 1166-1176 | Disease | denotes | thrombosis | MESH:D013927 |
| 161 | 1194-1202 | Disease | denotes | embolism | MESH:D004617 |
| 162 | 1253-1261 | Disease | denotes | thrombus | MESH:D013927 |
| 163 | 1465-1471 | Disease | denotes | stroke | MESH:D020521 |
| 164 | 1555-1564 | Disease | denotes | infection | MESH:D007239 |
| 165 | 1699-1707 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 178 | 1791-1798 | Species | denotes | patient | Tax:9606 |
| 179 | 1943-1951 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 180 | 2284-2292 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 181 | 2407-2415 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 182 | 1763-1783 | Disease | denotes | SWI hypointense foci | MESH:C565785 |
| 183 | 1846-1865 | Disease | denotes | SWI hypointensities | |
| 184 | 1934-1942 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 185 | 1957-1980 | Disease | denotes | neurological impairment | MESH:D009422 |
| 186 | 2197-2216 | Disease | denotes | SWI hypointensities | |
| 187 | 2231-2253 | Disease | denotes | coagulopathic disorder | MESH:D030342 |
| 188 | 2275-2283 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 189 | 2383-2399 | Disease | denotes | critical illness | MESH:D016638 |
| 196 | 2540-2548 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 197 | 2421-2453 | Disease | denotes | Acute necrotizing encephalopathy | OMIM:608033 |
| 198 | 2478-2508 | Disease | denotes | bithalamic SWI hypointensities | |
| 199 | 2531-2539 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 200 | 2616-2621 | Disease | denotes | edema | MESH:D004487 |
| 201 | 2626-2634 | Disease | denotes | necrosis | MESH:D009336 |
| 208 | 2653-2660 | Species | denotes | patient | Tax:9606 |
| 209 | 2720-2739 | Disease | denotes | meningoencephalitis | MESH:D008590 |
| 210 | 2741-2763 | Disease | denotes | hypoxic encephalopathy | MESH:D002534 |
| 211 | 2768-2781 | Disease | denotes | renal failure | MESH:D051437 |
| 212 | 2791-2823 | Disease | denotes | epileptiform focal abnormalities | MESH:D004828 |
| 213 | 2983-2995 | Disease | denotes | encephalitis | MESH:D004660 |
| 226 | 3025-3035 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 227 | 3069-3076 | Species | denotes | patient | Tax:9606 |
| 228 | 3374-3384 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 229 | 3462-3470 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 230 | 3564-3572 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 231 | 3725-3732 | Species | denotes | patient | Tax:9606 |
| 232 | 3855-3862 | Species | denotes | patient | Tax:9606 |
| 233 | 3188-3206 | Disease | denotes | Viral neurotropism | |
| 234 | 3476-3502 | Disease | denotes | neurological complications | MESH:D002493 |
| 235 | 3660-3690 | Disease | denotes | disturbance of the blood brain | MESH:D007022 |
| 236 | 3836-3848 | Disease | denotes | inflammation | MESH:D007249 |
| 237 | 3868-3890 | Disease | denotes | multiple organ failure | MESH:D009102 |
| 241 | 4113-4131 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 pneumonia | MESH:C000657245 |
| 242 | 4193-4223 | Disease | denotes | macrophage activation syndrome | MESH:D055501 |
| 243 | 4311-4326 | Disease | denotes | microthrombosis | |
| 251 | 4985-4989 | Gene | denotes | ACE2 | Gene:59272 |
| 252 | 5160-5168 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 253 | 4559-4567 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 254 | 4586-4601 | Disease | denotes | vascular damage | MESH:D000783 |
| 255 | 5029-5044 | Disease | denotes | vascular injury | MESH:D057772 |
| 256 | 5121-5147 | Disease | denotes | neurological complications | MESH:D002493 |
| 257 | 5151-5159 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
2_test
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 33034804-32346843-75886968 | 439-440 | 32346843 | denotes | 3 |
| 33034804-32343504-75886969 | 1120-1121 | 32343504 | denotes | 5 |
| 33034804-31331288-75886970 | 1473-1474 | 31331288 | denotes | 6 |
| 33034804-32437314-75886971 | 2001-2002 | 32437314 | denotes | 7 |
| 33034804-32638079-75886972 | 2218-2219 | 32638079 | denotes | 8 |
| 33034804-28235962-75886973 | 2417-2418 | 28235962 | denotes | 9 |
| 33034804-32314810-75886974 | 3343-3345 | 32314810 | denotes | 10 |
| 33034804-32882182-75886975 | 3528-3530 | 32882182 | denotes | 11 |
| 33034804-32882182-75886976 | 4105-4107 | 32882182 | denotes | 11 |
| 33034804-32835247-75886977 | 4246-4248 | 32835247 | denotes | 13 |
| 33034804-32638079-75886978 | 4824-4825 | 32638079 | denotes | 8 |
| 33034804-32882182-75886979 | 5066-5068 | 32882182 | denotes | 11 |