PMC:7544943 / 16541-39879
Annnotations
LitCovid-PD-UBERON
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | uberon_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T2 | 3429-3434 | Body_part | denotes | blood | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 |
| T3 | 5200-5219 | Body_part | denotes | blood–brain barrier | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000120 |
| T4 | 5200-5205 | Body_part | denotes | blood | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 |
| T5 | 5206-5211 | Body_part | denotes | brain | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955 |
| T6 | 5452-5456 | Body_part | denotes | skin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000014 |
| T7 | 5507-5511 | Body_part | denotes | skin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000014 |
| T8 | 8372-8376 | Body_part | denotes | hand | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398 |
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | fma_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T20 | 472-496 | Body_part | denotes | biological macromolecule | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63887 |
| T21 | 3429-3434 | Body_part | denotes | blood | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670 |
| T22 | 4706-4710 | Body_part | denotes | body | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma256135 |
| T23 | 5200-5205 | Body_part | denotes | blood | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670 |
| T24 | 5206-5211 | Body_part | denotes | brain | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma50801 |
| T25 | 5452-5456 | Body_part | denotes | skin | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7163 |
| T26 | 5507-5511 | Body_part | denotes | skin | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7163 |
| T27 | 6363-6370 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
| T28 | 8372-8376 | Body_part | denotes | hand | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712 |
| T29 | 12527-12534 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
| T30 | 12939-12947 | Body_part | denotes | backbone | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma13478 |
| T31 | 12967-12975 | Body_part | denotes | proteins | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
| T32 | 13351-13359 | Body_part | denotes | proteins | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
| T33 | 13380-13388 | Body_part | denotes | proteins | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
| T34 | 13868-13876 | Body_part | denotes | proteins | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
| T35 | 14001-14009 | Body_part | denotes | proteins | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
| T36 | 14055-14063 | Body_part | denotes | proteins | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
| T37 | 14564-14571 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
| T38 | 14935-14941 | Body_part | denotes | Radius | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma23463 |
| T39 | 15051-15057 | Body_part | denotes | radius | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma23463 |
| T40 | 15080-15086 | Body_part | denotes | radius | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma23463 |
| T41 | 15138-15145 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
| T42 | 15688-15695 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
| T43 | 15744-15750 | Body_part | denotes | Radius | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma23463 |
| T44 | 16061-16068 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
| T45 | 16144-16151 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
| T46 | 16860-16867 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
| T47 | 17851-17859 | Body_part | denotes | proteins | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
| T48 | 18216-18223 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
| T49 | 18559-18566 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
| T50 | 20180-20187 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
| T51 | 20199-20206 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
| T52 | 20296-20304 | Body_part | denotes | backbone | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma13478 |
| T53 | 20318-20326 | Body_part | denotes | proteins | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
| T54 | 20540-20548 | Body_part | denotes | proteins | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
| T55 | 20679-20687 | Body_part | denotes | proteins | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
| T56 | 21096-21103 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
| T57 | 21119-21126 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
| T58 | 21205-21213 | Body_part | denotes | proteins | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
| T59 | 21266-21274 | Body_part | denotes | proteins | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
| T60 | 21502-21510 | Body_part | denotes | proteins | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | mondo_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T48 | 813-821 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T49 | 6028-6036 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T50 | 6052-6060 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T51 | 6322-6330 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T52 | 6559-6567 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T53 | 7576-7584 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T54 | 7637-7645 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T55 | 8250-8254 | Disease | denotes | SARS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T56 | 8443-8451 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T57 | 9276-9284 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T58 | 9356-9364 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T59 | 9499-9507 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T60 | 9681-9689 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T61 | 9763-9771 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T62 | 10239-10247 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T63 | 10690-10698 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T64 | 11165-11173 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T65 | 11322-11330 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T66 | 11596-11600 | Disease | denotes | SARS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T67 | 12132-12140 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T68 | 12292-12300 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T69 | 17530-17538 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T70 | 19719-19727 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T71 | 20394-20397 | Disease | denotes | PC1 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008173 |
| T72 | 20402-20405 | Disease | denotes | PC2 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008174 |
| T73 | 21752-21760 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T74 | 21905-21913 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T75 | 22510-22518 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
| T76 | 23327-23335 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
LitCovid-PD-CLO
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T73 | 203-204 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T74 | 278-284 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | active |
| T75 | 380-386 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | active |
| T76 | 470-471 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T77 | 653-658 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 | denotes | label |
| T78 | 955-957 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922 | denotes | S2 |
| T79 | 955-957 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052 | denotes | S2 |
| T80 | 1085-1086 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T81 | 1222-1230 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | actively |
| T82 | 1379-1387 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | actively |
| T83 | 1656-1659 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001013 | denotes | fat |
| T84 | 1676-1677 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T85 | 1724-1727 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001013 | denotes | fat |
| T86 | 2538-2542 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | test |
| T87 | 3221-3222 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T88 | 3308-3309 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T89 | 3376-3377 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T90 | 3429-3434 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 | denotes | blood |
| T91 | 3429-3434 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 | denotes | blood |
| T92 | 3487-3491 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001185 | denotes | 2018 |
| T93 | 4646-4647 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T94 | 4777-4778 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T95 | 4915-4920 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | tests |
| T96 | 5200-5205 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 | denotes | blood |
| T97 | 5200-5205 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 | denotes | blood |
| T98 | 5206-5211 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955 | denotes | brain |
| T99 | 5206-5211 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000302 | denotes | brain |
| T100 | 5240-5241 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T101 | 5452-5456 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000014 | denotes | skin |
| T102 | 5452-5456 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001003 | denotes | skin |
| T103 | 5452-5456 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002097 | denotes | skin |
| T104 | 5452-5456 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002199 | denotes | skin |
| T105 | 5452-5456 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000962 | denotes | skin |
| T106 | 5500-5501 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T107 | 5507-5511 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000014 | denotes | skin |
| T108 | 5507-5511 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001003 | denotes | skin |
| T109 | 5507-5511 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002097 | denotes | skin |
| T110 | 5507-5511 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002199 | denotes | skin |
| T111 | 5507-5511 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000962 | denotes | skin |
| T112 | 5676-5677 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T113 | 6412-6413 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T114 | 6625-6628 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
| T115 | 7204-7205 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T116 | 7752-7753 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T117 | 7949-7950 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 | denotes | b |
| T118 | 8182-8183 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T119 | 8196-8197 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 | denotes | b |
| T120 | 8654-8655 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T121 | 9633-9636 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
| T122 | 10160-10161 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T123 | 10827-10828 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 | denotes | b |
| T124 | 11254-11258 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001387 | denotes | 4(c) |
| T125 | 12230-12231 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T126 | 12244-12245 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 | denotes | b |
| T127 | 12424-12426 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 | denotes | MD |
| T128 | 12449-12451 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 | denotes | MD |
| T129 | 12562-12563 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T130 | 12695-12696 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T131 | 12704-12706 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 | denotes | MD |
| T132 | 12834-12836 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 | denotes | MD |
| T133 | 12967-12993 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0043234 | denotes | proteins and their complex |
| T134 | 13533-13534 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T135 | 13610-13614 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001185 | denotes | 2018 |
| T136 | 13637-13641 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001185 | denotes | 2018 |
| T137 | 13692-13693 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T138 | 13742-13743 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 | denotes | b |
| T139 | 14055-14081 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0043234 | denotes | proteins and their complex |
| T140 | 14373-14374 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T141 | 14405-14406 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 | denotes | b |
| T142 | 14546-14547 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T143 | 14564-14580 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33708 | denotes | protein residues |
| T144 | 14709-14715 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | active |
| T145 | 14737-14738 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
| T146 | 14834-14835 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T147 | 14884-14885 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 | denotes | b |
| T148 | 15000-15006 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000030 | denotes | object |
| T149 | 15102-15103 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T150 | 15197-15198 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T151 | 15494-15495 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T152 | 15496-15497 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 | denotes | b |
| T153 | 15529-15530 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T154 | 15773-15774 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T155 | 15823-15824 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 | denotes | b |
| T156 | 15964-15966 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 | denotes | MD |
| T157 | 16211-16212 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T158 | 16306-16307 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T159 | 16998-17000 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 | denotes | MD |
| T160 | 17509-17510 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T161 | 17598-17599 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T162 | 18347-18348 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T163 | 18397-18398 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 | denotes | b |
| T164 | 18484-18486 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 | denotes | MD |
| T165 | 19064-19065 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T166 | 19191-19199 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | actively |
| T167 | 19259-19262 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
| T168 | 19263-19264 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T169 | 19622-19624 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922 | denotes | S2 |
| T170 | 19622-19624 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052 | denotes | S2 |
| T171 | 20231-20233 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 | denotes | MD |
| T172 | 20432-20433 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T173 | 20434-20435 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 | denotes | b |
| T174 | 20733-20734 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T175 | 20783-20784 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 | denotes | b |
| T176 | 21659-21660 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T177 | 21727-21733 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | active |
| T178 | 22053-22054 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T179 | 22385-22386 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T180 | 22483-22485 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008933 | denotes | S5 |
| T181 | 22554-22555 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
| T182 | 22677-22679 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 | denotes | MD |
| T183 | 22720-22728 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | actively |
| T184 | 22785-22791 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | active |
| T185 | 22821-22827 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | active |
| T186 | 23059-23065 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | active |
| T187 | 23139-23141 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 | denotes | MD |
| T188 | 23183-23184 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
LitCovid-PubTator
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | tao:has_database_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 282 | 813-823 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 283 | 837-841 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 286 | 1780-1785 | Chemical | denotes | water | MESH:D014867 |
| 287 | 1786-1795 | Chemical | denotes | n-octanol | MESH:D020003 |
| 290 | 2768-2776 | Chemical | denotes | Vanillin | MESH:C100058 |
| 291 | 2797-2806 | Chemical | denotes | Nerolidol | MESH:C037055 |
| 293 | 3013-3018 | Chemical | denotes | Water | MESH:D014867 |
| 296 | 3865-3870 | Chemical | denotes | water | MESH:D014867 |
| 297 | 4141-4145 | Chemical | denotes | ESOL | |
| 306 | 5791-5797 | Gene | denotes | CYP1A2 | Gene:1544 |
| 307 | 5799-5806 | Gene | denotes | CYP2C19 | Gene:1557 |
| 308 | 5808-5814 | Gene | denotes | CYP2C9 | Gene:1559 |
| 309 | 5816-5822 | Gene | denotes | CYP2D6 | Gene:1565 |
| 310 | 5827-5833 | Gene | denotes | CYP3A4 | Gene:1576 |
| 311 | 6063-6067 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 312 | 6028-6038 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 313 | 6052-6062 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 315 | 6322-6332 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 368 | 6559-6569 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 369 | 7576-7586 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 370 | 7637-7647 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 371 | 6616-6624 | Chemical | denotes | Piperine | MESH:C008922 |
| 372 | 6739-6747 | Chemical | denotes | Piperine | MESH:C008922 |
| 373 | 6749-6758 | Chemical | denotes | Capsaicin | MESH:D002211 |
| 374 | 6760-6768 | Chemical | denotes | Gingerol | MESH:C007845 |
| 375 | 6773-6786 | Chemical | denotes | Terpinen-4-ol | MESH:C034019 |
| 376 | 7046-7054 | Chemical | denotes | Piperine | MESH:C008922 |
| 377 | 7092-7101 | Chemical | denotes | Capsaicin | MESH:D002211 |
| 378 | 7103-7110 | Chemical | denotes | Ginerol | |
| 379 | 7115-7128 | Chemical | denotes | Terpinen-4-ol | MESH:C034019 |
| 380 | 7228-7236 | Chemical | denotes | Piperine | MESH:C008922 |
| 381 | 7256-7264 | Chemical | denotes | hydrogen | MESH:D006859 |
| 382 | 7287-7293 | Chemical | denotes | GLY164 | |
| 383 | 7298-7304 | Chemical | denotes | GLY170 | |
| 384 | 7306-7312 | Chemical | denotes | TYR173 | |
| 385 | 7314-7320 | Chemical | denotes | TYR505 | |
| 386 | 7326-7332 | Chemical | denotes | SER162 | |
| 387 | 7334-7340 | Chemical | denotes | SER494 | |
| 388 | 7379-7385 | Chemical | denotes | carbon | MESH:D002244 |
| 389 | 7386-7394 | Chemical | denotes | hydrogen | MESH:D006859 |
| 390 | 7513-7518 | Chemical | denotes | ARG71 | |
| 391 | 7520-7526 | Chemical | denotes | TYR121 | |
| 392 | 7528-7534 | Chemical | denotes | TYR453 | |
| 393 | 7537-7543 | Chemical | denotes | TYR163 | |
| 394 | 7545-7551 | Chemical | denotes | TYR495 | |
| 395 | 7557-7563 | Chemical | denotes | ASN169 | |
| 396 | 7565-7571 | Chemical | denotes | ASN501 | |
| 397 | 7623-7631 | Chemical | denotes | Piperine | MESH:C008922 |
| 398 | 7683-7691 | Chemical | denotes | hydrogen | MESH:D006859 |
| 399 | 7775-7784 | Chemical | denotes | Capsaicin | MESH:D002211 |
| 400 | 7813-7819 | Chemical | denotes | GLY164 | |
| 401 | 7824-7830 | Chemical | denotes | TYR173 | |
| 402 | 7832-7838 | Chemical | denotes | TYR505 | |
| 403 | 7857-7865 | Chemical | denotes | hydrogen | MESH:D006859 |
| 404 | 7912-7919 | Chemical | denotes | benzene | MESH:D001554 |
| 405 | 7967-7972 | Chemical | denotes | ARG71 | |
| 406 | 7974-7980 | Chemical | denotes | ARG403 | |
| 407 | 7983-7988 | Chemical | denotes | ASP73 | |
| 408 | 7990-7995 | Chemical | denotes | GLU74 | |
| 409 | 7997-8002 | Chemical | denotes | GLN77 | |
| 410 | 8004-8009 | Chemical | denotes | LYS85 | |
| 411 | 8011-8017 | Chemical | denotes | TYR121 | |
| 412 | 8019-8025 | Chemical | denotes | TYR453 | |
| 413 | 8028-8034 | Chemical | denotes | SER162 | |
| 414 | 8036-8042 | Chemical | denotes | SER494 | |
| 415 | 8045-8051 | Chemical | denotes | TYR163 | |
| 416 | 8053-8059 | Chemical | denotes | TYR495 | |
| 417 | 8065-8071 | Chemical | denotes | ASN169 | |
| 418 | 8073-8079 | Chemical | denotes | ASN501 | |
| 419 | 8130-8139 | Chemical | denotes | Capsaicin | MESH:D002211 |
| 425 | 8250-8260 | Species | denotes | SARS-Cov-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 426 | 8185-8193 | Chemical | denotes | Piperine | MESH:C008922 |
| 427 | 8199-8208 | Chemical | denotes | Capsaicin | MESH:D002211 |
| 428 | 8214-8222 | Chemical | denotes | Gingerol | MESH:C007845 |
| 429 | 8231-8244 | Chemical | denotes | Terpinen-4-ol | MESH:C034019 |
| 465 | 8443-8453 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 466 | 8378-8386 | Chemical | denotes | Gingerol | MESH:C007845 |
| 467 | 8491-8497 | Chemical | denotes | GLY164 | |
| 468 | 8499-8505 | Chemical | denotes | ASN169 | |
| 469 | 8507-8513 | Chemical | denotes | ASN501 | |
| 470 | 8519-8525 | Chemical | denotes | GLY170 | |
| 471 | 8546-8554 | Chemical | denotes | hydrogen | MESH:D006859 |
| 472 | 8577-8585 | Chemical | denotes | Gingerol | MESH:C007845 |
| 473 | 8602-8610 | Chemical | denotes | hydrogen | MESH:D006859 |
| 474 | 8628-8634 | Chemical | denotes | TYR173 | |
| 475 | 8636-8642 | Chemical | denotes | TYR505 | |
| 476 | 8692-8699 | Chemical | denotes | benzene | MESH:D001554 |
| 477 | 8708-8716 | Chemical | denotes | Gingerol | MESH:C007845 |
| 478 | 8723-8728 | Chemical | denotes | ARG71 | |
| 479 | 8730-8736 | Chemical | denotes | ARG403 | |
| 480 | 8739-8745 | Chemical | denotes | TYR121 | |
| 481 | 8747-8753 | Chemical | denotes | TYR453 | |
| 482 | 8756-8762 | Chemical | denotes | TYR163 | |
| 483 | 8764-8770 | Chemical | denotes | TYR495 | |
| 484 | 8773-8779 | Chemical | denotes | PHE165 | |
| 485 | 8781-8787 | Chemical | denotes | PHE497 | |
| 486 | 8793-8799 | Chemical | denotes | GLN166 | |
| 487 | 8801-8807 | Chemical | denotes | GLN498 | |
| 488 | 8866-8879 | Chemical | denotes | Terpinen-4-ol | MESH:C034019 |
| 489 | 8939-8945 | Chemical | denotes | ARG125 | |
| 490 | 8947-8953 | Chemical | denotes | LYS126 | |
| 491 | 8955-8961 | Chemical | denotes | TYR141 | |
| 492 | 8966-8972 | Chemical | denotes | PRO159 | |
| 493 | 8992-8998 | Chemical | denotes | ARG122 | |
| 494 | 9000-9006 | Chemical | denotes | PHE124 | |
| 495 | 9008-9014 | Chemical | denotes | ASP135 | |
| 496 | 9016-9022 | Chemical | denotes | SER137 | |
| 497 | 9024-9030 | Chemical | denotes | GLU139 | |
| 498 | 9035-9041 | Chemical | denotes | ILE140 | |
| 499 | 9090-9103 | Chemical | denotes | Terpinen-4-ol | MESH:C034019 |
| 501 | 9276-9286 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 590 | 12143-12147 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 591 | 11607-11611 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 592 | 11333-11337 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 593 | 11176-11180 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 594 | 10701-10705 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 595 | 10250-10254 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 596 | 9692-9696 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 597 | 9510-9514 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 598 | 9367-9371 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 599 | 9356-9366 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 600 | 9499-9509 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 601 | 9681-9691 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 602 | 9763-9773 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 603 | 10239-10249 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 604 | 10690-10700 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 605 | 11165-11175 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 606 | 11322-11332 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 607 | 11596-11606 | Species | denotes | SARS-Cov-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 608 | 12132-12142 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 609 | 9624-9632 | Chemical | denotes | Piperine | MESH:C008922 |
| 610 | 10039-10047 | Chemical | denotes | Piperine | MESH:C008922 |
| 611 | 10066-10075 | Chemical | denotes | Capsaicin | MESH:D002211 |
| 612 | 10094-10101 | Chemical | denotes | Carvone | MESH:C006923 |
| 613 | 10120-10128 | Chemical | denotes | Gingerol | MESH:C007845 |
| 614 | 10203-10211 | Chemical | denotes | Piperine | MESH:C008922 |
| 615 | 10272-10280 | Chemical | denotes | hydrogen | MESH:D006859 |
| 616 | 10350-10356 | Chemical | denotes | GLN299 | |
| 617 | 10361-10367 | Chemical | denotes | VAL303 | |
| 618 | 10388-10396 | Chemical | denotes | hydrogen | MESH:D006859 |
| 619 | 10418-10424 | Chemical | denotes | ASP295 | |
| 620 | 10429-10435 | Chemical | denotes | ARG298 | |
| 621 | 10468-10472 | Chemical | denotes | MET6 | |
| 622 | 10477-10481 | Chemical | denotes | PRO9 | |
| 623 | 10532-10540 | Chemical | denotes | Piperine | MESH:C008922 |
| 624 | 10623-10627 | Chemical | denotes | PHE8 | |
| 625 | 10629-10635 | Chemical | denotes | GLY127 | |
| 626 | 10637-10643 | Chemical | denotes | ILE152 | |
| 627 | 10645-10651 | Chemical | denotes | PHE291 | |
| 628 | 10656-10662 | Chemical | denotes | THR304 | |
| 629 | 10720-10729 | Chemical | denotes | Capsaicin | MESH:D002211 |
| 630 | 10845-10849 | Chemical | denotes | MET6 | |
| 631 | 10851-10855 | Chemical | denotes | PHE8 | |
| 632 | 10857-10861 | Chemical | denotes | PRO9 | |
| 633 | 10866-10872 | Chemical | denotes | ILE152 | |
| 634 | 10958-10967 | Chemical | denotes | Capsaicin | MESH:D002211 |
| 635 | 10969-10978 | Chemical | denotes | Capsaicin | MESH:D002211 |
| 636 | 11008-11012 | Chemical | denotes | ALA7 | |
| 637 | 11014-11019 | Chemical | denotes | GLY11 | |
| 638 | 11021-11026 | Chemical | denotes | LYS12 | |
| 639 | 11028-11034 | Chemical | denotes | GLN127 | |
| 640 | 11036-11042 | Chemical | denotes | TYR154 | |
| 641 | 11044-11050 | Chemical | denotes | PHE291 | |
| 642 | 11052-11058 | Chemical | denotes | ASP295 | |
| 643 | 11060-11066 | Chemical | denotes | ARG298 | |
| 644 | 11068-11074 | Chemical | denotes | GLN299 | |
| 645 | 11076-11082 | Chemical | denotes | VAL303 | |
| 646 | 11087-11093 | Chemical | denotes | THR304 | |
| 647 | 11148-11155 | Chemical | denotes | Carvone | MESH:C006923 |
| 648 | 11261-11268 | Chemical | denotes | Carvone | MESH:C006923 |
| 649 | 11303-11307 | Chemical | denotes | PHE8 | |
| 650 | 11312-11318 | Chemical | denotes | ARG298 | |
| 651 | 11381-11385 | Chemical | denotes | ALA7 | |
| 652 | 11387-11391 | Chemical | denotes | PRO9 | |
| 653 | 11393-11399 | Chemical | denotes | GLN127 | |
| 654 | 11401-11407 | Chemical | denotes | ASP295 | |
| 655 | 11409-11415 | Chemical | denotes | GLN299 | |
| 656 | 11417-11423 | Chemical | denotes | GLY302 | |
| 657 | 11428-11434 | Chemical | denotes | VAL303 | |
| 658 | 11474-11481 | Chemical | denotes | Carvone | MESH:C006923 |
| 659 | 11483-11491 | Chemical | denotes | Gingerol | MESH:C007845 |
| 660 | 11509-11517 | Chemical | denotes | hydrogen | MESH:D006859 |
| 661 | 11627-11633 | Chemical | denotes | VAL303 | |
| 662 | 11657-11665 | Chemical | denotes | hydrogen | MESH:D006859 |
| 663 | 11688-11696 | Chemical | denotes | Gingerol | MESH:C007845 |
| 664 | 11711-11716 | Chemical | denotes | LYS12 | |
| 665 | 11721-11727 | Chemical | denotes | THR304 | |
| 666 | 11744-11750 | Chemical | denotes | carbon | MESH:D002244 |
| 667 | 11751-11759 | Chemical | denotes | hydrogen | MESH:D006859 |
| 668 | 11790-11794 | Chemical | denotes | ALA7 | |
| 669 | 11796-11800 | Chemical | denotes | PHE8 | |
| 670 | 11802-11808 | Chemical | denotes | GLN127 | |
| 671 | 11810-11816 | Chemical | denotes | TYR154 | |
| 672 | 11818-11824 | Chemical | denotes | ASP295 | |
| 673 | 11829-11835 | Chemical | denotes | ARG298 | |
| 674 | 11888-11896 | Chemical | denotes | Gingerol | MESH:C007845 |
| 675 | 11917-11925 | Chemical | denotes | Gingerol | MESH:C007845 |
| 676 | 11944-11948 | Chemical | denotes | PRO9 | |
| 677 | 11953-11959 | Chemical | denotes | ILE152 | |
| 684 | 12303-12307 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 685 | 12292-12302 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 686 | 12233-12241 | Chemical | denotes | Piperine | MESH:C008922 |
| 687 | 12247-12256 | Chemical | denotes | Capsaicin | MESH:D002211 |
| 688 | 12262-12269 | Chemical | denotes | Carvone | MESH:C006923 |
| 689 | 12278-12286 | Chemical | denotes | Gingerol | MESH:C007845 |
| 692 | 12662-12666 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 693 | 12672-12680 | Chemical | denotes | Piperine | MESH:C008922 |
| 699 | 13175-13179 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 700 | 13184-13188 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 701 | 12999-13007 | Chemical | denotes | Piperine | MESH:C008922 |
| 702 | 13160-13173 | Chemical | denotes | Spro-Piperine | |
| 703 | 13336-13344 | Chemical | denotes | Piperine | MESH:C008922 |
| 707 | 13745-13749 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 708 | 13762-13766 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 709 | 13720-13733 | Chemical | denotes | Spro-Piperine | |
| 721 | 14468-14472 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 722 | 14381-14385 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 723 | 14193-14197 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 724 | 14184-14188 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 725 | 13890-13894 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 726 | 13983-13991 | Chemical | denotes | Piperine | MESH:C008922 |
| 727 | 14087-14095 | Chemical | denotes | Piperine | MESH:C008922 |
| 728 | 14169-14182 | Chemical | denotes | Spro-Piperine | |
| 729 | 14349-14362 | Chemical | denotes | Spro-Piperine | |
| 730 | 14660-14668 | Chemical | denotes | Piperine | MESH:C008922 |
| 731 | 14727-14735 | Chemical | denotes | Piperine | MESH:C008922 |
| 735 | 14887-14891 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 736 | 14904-14908 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 737 | 14862-14875 | Chemical | denotes | Spro-Piperine | |
| 744 | 15592-15596 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 745 | 15364-15368 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 746 | 15634-15638 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 747 | 15373-15377 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 748 | 15349-15362 | Chemical | denotes | Spro-Piperine | |
| 749 | 15723-15731 | Chemical | denotes | Piperine | MESH:C008922 |
| 756 | 15826-15830 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 757 | 15936-15940 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 758 | 15843-15847 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 759 | 15801-15814 | Chemical | denotes | Spro-Piperine | |
| 760 | 15884-15892 | Chemical | denotes | hydrogen | MESH:D006859 |
| 761 | 15918-15931 | Chemical | denotes | Spro-Piperine | |
| 763 | 15998-16006 | Chemical | denotes | hydrogen | MESH:D006859 |
| 776 | 16176-16180 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 777 | 16526-16530 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 778 | 16395-16399 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 779 | 16027-16035 | Chemical | denotes | hydrogen | MESH:D006859 |
| 780 | 16197-16205 | Chemical | denotes | Piperine | MESH:C008922 |
| 781 | 16236-16244 | Chemical | denotes | hydrogen | MESH:D006859 |
| 782 | 16334-16342 | Chemical | denotes | hydrogen | MESH:D006859 |
| 783 | 16377-16390 | Chemical | denotes | Spro-Piperine | |
| 784 | 16438-16446 | Chemical | denotes | hydrogen | MESH:D006859 |
| 785 | 16504-16507 | Chemical | denotes | RBD | |
| 786 | 16508-16521 | Chemical | denotes | Spro-Piperine | |
| 787 | 16661-16669 | Chemical | denotes | hydrogen | MESH:D006859 |
| 794 | 17387-17391 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 795 | 17208-17212 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 796 | 17530-17540 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 797 | 17190-17203 | Chemical | denotes | Spro-Piperine | |
| 798 | 17352-17360 | Chemical | denotes | Piperine | MESH:C008922 |
| 799 | 17497-17505 | Chemical | denotes | Piperine | MESH:C008922 |
| 804 | 17993-17997 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 805 | 17984-17988 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 806 | 17590-17594 | Chemical | denotes | SASA | |
| 807 | 17969-17982 | Chemical | denotes | Spro-Piperine | |
| 811 | 18400-18404 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 812 | 18417-18421 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 813 | 18375-18388 | Chemical | denotes | Spro-Piperine | |
| 819 | 18948-18952 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 820 | 19573-19577 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 821 | 19031-19035 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 822 | 18888-18901 | Chemical | denotes | Spro-Piperine | |
| 823 | 19555-19568 | Chemical | denotes | Spro-Piperine | |
| 831 | 19820-19824 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 832 | 19846-19857 | Chemical | denotes | Chloroquine | MESH:D002738 |
| 833 | 19870-19881 | Chemical | denotes | Favipiravir | MESH:C462182 |
| 834 | 19894-19912 | Chemical | denotes | Hydroxychloroquine | MESH:D006886 |
| 835 | 19925-19936 | Chemical | denotes | Oseltamivir | MESH:D053139 |
| 836 | 19949-19959 | Chemical | denotes | Remdesivir | MESH:C000606551 |
| 837 | 19972-19981 | Chemical | denotes | Ribavirin | MESH:D012254 |
| 840 | 19719-19729 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 841 | 19670-19678 | Chemical | denotes | Piperine | MESH:C008922 |
| 846 | 20402-20405 | Gene | denotes | PC2 | Gene:3854 |
| 847 | 20394-20397 | Gene | denotes | PC1 | Gene:5167 |
| 848 | 20485-20489 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 849 | 20467-20480 | Chemical | denotes | Spro-Piperine | |
| 856 | 20912-20916 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 857 | 20899-20903 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 858 | 20803-20807 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 859 | 20786-20790 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 860 | 20758-20771 | Chemical | denotes | Spro-Piperine | |
| 861 | 20877-20890 | Chemical | denotes | Spro-Piperine | |
| 865 | 21524-21528 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 866 | 21452-21456 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 867 | 21434-21447 | Chemical | denotes | Spro-Piperine | |
| 896 | 22760-22764 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 897 | 22896-22900 | Gene | denotes | ACE2 | Gene:59272 |
| 898 | 23007-23011 | Gene | denotes | ACE2 | Gene:59272 |
| 899 | 23078-23082 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 900 | 23223-23227 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 901 | 22521-22525 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 902 | 21897-21901 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 903 | 21694-21698 | Gene | denotes | Mpro | Gene:8673700 |
| 904 | 21752-21762 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 905 | 21905-21915 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 906 | 22510-22520 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 907 | 23327-23337 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
| 908 | 21644-21652 | Chemical | denotes | Piperine | MESH:C008922 |
| 909 | 21814-21822 | Chemical | denotes | Piperine | MESH:C008922 |
| 910 | 21981-21989 | Chemical | denotes | Piperine | MESH:C008922 |
| 911 | 22082-22093 | Chemical | denotes | chloroquine | MESH:D002738 |
| 912 | 22095-22106 | Chemical | denotes | favipiravir | MESH:C462182 |
| 913 | 22108-22126 | Chemical | denotes | hydroxychloroquine | MESH:D006886 |
| 914 | 22128-22139 | Chemical | denotes | oseltamivir | MESH:D053139 |
| 915 | 22141-22151 | Chemical | denotes | remdesivir | MESH:C000606551 |
| 916 | 22156-22165 | Chemical | denotes | ribavirin | MESH:D012254 |
| 917 | 22279-22287 | Chemical | denotes | Piperine | MESH:C008922 |
| 918 | 22635-22643 | Chemical | denotes | Piperine | MESH:C008922 |
| 919 | 22711-22719 | Chemical | denotes | Piperine | MESH:C008922 |
| 920 | 22799-22807 | Chemical | denotes | Piperine | MESH:C008922 |
| 921 | 22921-22929 | Chemical | denotes | Piperine | MESH:C008922 |
| 922 | 23043-23051 | Chemical | denotes | Piperine | MESH:C008922 |
| 923 | 23168-23176 | Chemical | denotes | Piperine | MESH:C008922 |
LitCovid-PD-GO-BP
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T13 | 190-199 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610 | denotes | behaviour |
| T14 | 1485-1502 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 | denotes | viral replication |
| T15 | 1485-1502 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 | denotes | viral replication |
| T16 | 4824-4834 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008152 | denotes | metabolism |
| T17 | 4836-4845 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007588 | denotes | excretion |
| T18 | 5615-5626 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045158 | denotes | cytochromes |
| T19 | 5615-5626 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045157 | denotes | cytochromes |
| T20 | 5615-5626 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045156 | denotes | cytochromes |
| T21 | 5615-5626 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008121 | denotes | cytochromes |
| T22 | 5737-5747 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008152 | denotes | metabolism |
| T23 | 5933-5944 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 | denotes | degradation |
| T24 | 6123-6132 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 | denotes | synthesis |
| T25 | 23099-23116 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 | denotes | viral replication |
| T26 | 23099-23116 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 | denotes | viral replication |
LitCovid-sentences
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T151 | 0-2 | Sentence | denotes | 3. |
| T152 | 4-26 | Sentence | denotes | Results and discussion |
| T153 | 28-32 | Sentence | denotes | 3.1. |
| T154 | 34-90 | Sentence | denotes | Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surface analysis |
| T155 | 91-214 | Sentence | denotes | The electrostatic potential is an essential property for the review and prediction of the reactive behaviour of a molecule. |
| T156 | 215-466 | Sentence | denotes | The study of the MEP surface can provide information about the active site of the macromolecule with the indication of relative ligand orientation and nature of the active site at which an approaching electrophile is attracted (Politzer et al., 1985). |
| T157 | 467-614 | Sentence | denotes | In a biological macromolecule, the electrostatic potential surface is plotted by analysing the electron-rich and deficient regions of the molecule. |
| T158 | 615-778 | Sentence | denotes | The detailed insight at the molecular label helps to predict the potentiality of the ligands to take part in chemical reactions and their mechanism of interaction. |
| T159 | 779-958 | Sentence | denotes | The MEP surface representation of SARS-CoV-2 RBD Spro and Mpro ligand-binding sites with the simultaneous presence of all docked molecules are provided in Supplementary Figure S2. |
| T160 | 959-1153 | Sentence | denotes | The electronically poor regions (blue) are referred to as positive potential, whereas the dense electron regions (red) are at a negative potential, and the white zones are considered as neutral. |
| T161 | 1154-1328 | Sentence | denotes | From the figure, it is observed that most of the selected molecules actively bound at the red regions that are referred to as highly negative electrostatic potential regions. |
| T162 | 1329-1503 | Sentence | denotes | This implies that the molecules are polar and can actively take part in the binding process with stable interactions, which in turn could help to block the viral replication. |
| T163 | 1504-1513 | Sentence | denotes | Figure 2. |
| T164 | 1515-1617 | Sentence | denotes | Predicted solubility (Log S) values of the spice molecules obtained from different calculation models. |
| T165 | 1619-1623 | Sentence | denotes | 3.2. |
| T166 | 1625-1638 | Sentence | denotes | Lipophilicity |
| T167 | 1639-1775 | Sentence | denotes | Lipophilicity or fat friendliness of a molecule defines the dissolving capability in fat, oil or any non-polar solvent (Lindsley, 2010). |
| T168 | 1776-1899 | Sentence | denotes | The water n-octanol partition coefficient (log Po/w) is used as the measure of lipophilicity (Constantinescu et al., 2019). |
| T169 | 1900-2028 | Sentence | denotes | Various computational methods are developed for the estimation of log Po/w for diverse performance upon different chemical sets. |
| T170 | 2029-2364 | Sentence | denotes | The SwissADME provides five different predictive models such as XLOGP3 (Cheng et al., 2007), WLOGP (Wildman & Crippen, 1999), MLOGP (Moriguchi et al., 1992), SILICOS-IT (http://silicos-it.be.s3-website-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/software/filter-it/1.0.2/filter-it.html, 2016) and iLOGP (Daina et al., 2014) for better prediction accuracy. |
| T171 | 2365-2492 | Sentence | denotes | Predicted lipophilicity (Log P) values of the spice molecules obtained from different calculation models are shown in Figure 1. |
| T172 | 2493-2726 | Sentence | denotes | All the molecules subjected to lipophilicity test lie in the range of +1.2 to +4.19 of consensus value that obeys the Lipinski’s limit of log p < 5, which suggests they can be used for further clinical trials (Arnott & Planey, 2012). |
| T173 | 2727-2837 | Sentence | denotes | The lowest lipophilicity is observed for Vanillin and the highest for Nerolidol, among the screened molecules. |
| T174 | 2838-2929 | Sentence | denotes | From Figure 1, it is found that all the ligand molecules have positive lipophilicity value. |
| T175 | 2930-3005 | Sentence | denotes | Hence, these molecules satisfy the essential criteria to be drug molecules. |
| T176 | 3007-3011 | Sentence | denotes | 3.3. |
| T177 | 3013-3029 | Sentence | denotes | Water solubility |
| T178 | 3030-3132 | Sentence | denotes | Solubility (Log S) is the measure of homogeneity of the system from the mixture of solute and solvent. |
| T179 | 3133-3279 | Sentence | denotes | It is considered as one of the vital parameters in drug concentration determination for a desired pharmacological response (Savjani et al., 2012). |
| T180 | 3280-3356 | Sentence | denotes | Poor solubility of drugs is a major issue in drug discovery and development. |
| T181 | 3357-3493 | Sentence | denotes | Solubility acts as a driving force to attain high drug concentration in blood for therapeutic effectiveness (Bergström & Larsson, 2018). |
| T182 | 3494-3587 | Sentence | denotes | The drug solubility property of the proposed small molecules was obtained from the SwissADME. |
| T183 | 3588-3907 | Sentence | denotes | The server used three solubility models, such as Ali (Ali et al., 2012), ESOL (Delaney, 2004) and Silicos-IT (http://silicos-it.be.s3-website-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/software/filter-it/1.0.2/filter-it.html, 2016) that is comprised of different topological methods to check the water solubility of these small molecules. |
| T184 | 3908-4023 | Sentence | denotes | The plot for solubility of the proposed small molecules based on these three different models is shown in Figure 2. |
| T185 | 4024-4225 | Sentence | denotes | The Log S values obtained for the ligand molecules based on these three models are in the range of −1.8 to −3.94 for ESOL method, −1.68 to −4.99 for Ali method and −1.48 to −5.52 for Silicos-IT method. |
| T186 | 4226-4333 | Sentence | denotes | The values from different models suggest to the moderately soluble to very soluble nature of the molecules. |
| T187 | 4334-4463 | Sentence | denotes | The reference values of Log S for moderately soluble and highly soluble molecules range from −4 to −6 and −2 to −4, respectively. |
| T188 | 4464-4541 | Sentence | denotes | The solubility values suggest for the oral administration of these molecules. |
| T189 | 4543-4547 | Sentence | denotes | 3.4. |
| T190 | 4549-4575 | Sentence | denotes | Pharmacokinetic properties |
| T191 | 4576-4711 | Sentence | denotes | The pharmacokinetic property is the prime factor for the selection of a drug candidate that describes the drug disposition in the body. |
| T192 | 4712-4878 | Sentence | denotes | The significant parameters that quantify the pharmacokinetics of a drug are its ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) properties (Jang et al., 2001). |
| T193 | 4879-5086 | Sentence | denotes | All the molecules subjected to ADME tests are qualified for drug approval with their high value of gastrointestinal (GI) absorption (Daina & Zoete, 2016), which in turn implies for their use as an oral drug. |
| T194 | 5087-5169 | Sentence | denotes | Table 1 represents the pharmacokinetic properties of the proposed drug candidates. |
| T195 | 5170-5307 | Sentence | denotes | The passive GI absorption and blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeation is a fundamental criterion for the distribution of the drug molecules. |
| T196 | 5308-5433 | Sentence | denotes | From Table 1, it is observed that all the ligand molecules are BBB permeant that implies their underlying distribution index. |
| T197 | 5434-5571 | Sentence | denotes | The high negative skin permeable coefficient (Kp) values indicate a less skin permeability that is useful for their transdermal delivery. |
| T198 | 5572-5748 | Sentence | denotes | The interaction of the drug molecules with cytochromes P450 (CYP) is an essential property as they play a crucial role in drug elimination through biotransformation metabolism. |
| T199 | 5749-6068 | Sentence | denotes | The noninhibition of CYP isoforms such as CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 disclose that these molecules are not the substrate for these enzymes that resembles for the lower degradation rate of these molecules, which will make it effectively available for blocking the SARS-CoV-2 RBD Spro and SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. |
| T200 | 6069-6152 | Sentence | denotes | The synthetic accessibility values suggest the facile synthesis of these molecules. |
| T201 | 6153-6264 | Sentence | denotes | All these parameters infer these close to drug-like molecules, which may be used as successful drug candidates. |
| T202 | 6266-6270 | Sentence | denotes | 3.5. |
| T203 | 6272-6295 | Sentence | denotes | Molecular docking study |
| T204 | 6297-6303 | Sentence | denotes | 3.5.1. |
| T205 | 6305-6370 | Sentence | denotes | Docking study of SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain spike protein |
| T206 | 6371-6579 | Sentence | denotes | In addition to the above investigations, a molecular docking study was performed to estimate the binding affinity and their binding pose of the ligand molecules at the binding site of the SARS-CoV-2 RBD Spro. |
| T207 | 6580-6691 | Sentence | denotes | From the study, it is observed that Piperine has the highest interaction affinity among the screened compounds. |
| T208 | 6692-6941 | Sentence | denotes | The docked poses of the four ligand molecules (Piperine, Capsaicin, Gingerol and Terpinen-4-ol) along with their 2D interaction diagram having the highest binding affinity, among the selected molecules, are presented in descending order in Figure 3. |
| T209 | 6942-7189 | Sentence | denotes | From Table 1, it is observed that these four molecules follow the trend for their binding affinity with Piperine (−6.4 kcal/mol) at the highest, then Capsaicin, Ginerol and Terpinen-4-ol (all having −5.5 kcal/mol) among all the selected molecules. |
| T210 | 7190-7305 | Sentence | denotes | From Figure 3(a), it is observed that Piperine is associated with hydrogen bond interaction with GLY164 and GLY170. |
| T211 | 7306-7427 | Sentence | denotes | TYR173 (TYR505) and SER162 (SER494) are involved with pi–pi T-shaped and carbon-hydrogen bond interactions, respectively. |
| T212 | 7428-7596 | Sentence | denotes | The binding process is also governed by van der Waals interactions with the residues ARG71, TYR121 (TYR453), TYR163 (TYR495) and ASN169 (ASN501) of SARS-CoV-2 RBD Spro. |
| T213 | 7597-7774 | Sentence | denotes | Hence, the interaction of Piperine with SARS-CoV-2 RBD Spro is stabilized by covalent hydrogen bonding, pi–pi T-shaped and van der Waals interactions with a good affinity score. |
| T214 | 7775-7953 | Sentence | denotes | Capsaicin interacts with the residues GLY164 and TYR173 (TYR505) through pi-Donor hydrogen bond and pi–pi T-shaped interactions with the benzene ring, respectively (Figure 3(b)). |
| T215 | 7954-8140 | Sentence | denotes | The residues ARG71 (ARG403), ASP73, GLU74, GLN77, LYS85, TYR121 (TYR453), SER162 (SER494), TYR163 (TYR495) and ASN169 (ASN501) are involved with van der Waals interaction with Capsaicin. |
| T216 | 8141-8150 | Sentence | denotes | Figure 3. |
| T217 | 8152-8303 | Sentence | denotes | Lowest energy docked pose of (a) Piperine, (b) Capsaicin, (c) Gingerol and (d) Terpinen-4-ol with SARS-Cov-2 RBD Spro and their 2D interaction diagram. |
| T218 | 8304-8358 | Sentence | denotes | The colour codes represent the nature of interactions. |
| T219 | 8359-8477 | Sentence | denotes | On the other hand, Gingerol is stabilized by various kinds of interactions with the SARS-CoV-2 RBD Spro (Figure 3(c)). |
| T220 | 8478-8586 | Sentence | denotes | The residues GLY164, ASN169 (ASN501) and GLY170 are associated with hydrogen bond interaction with Gingerol. |
| T221 | 8587-8861 | Sentence | denotes | Other than the hydrogen bond interaction TYR173 (TYR505) is having a pi–pi T-shaped interaction with the benzene ring of Gingerol while ARG71 (ARG403), TYR121 (TYR453), TYR163 (TYR495), PHE165 (PHE497) and GLN166 (GLN498) residues are involved in van der Waals interactions. |
| T222 | 8862-9118 | Sentence | denotes | The Terpinen-4-ol is stabilized by hydrophobic interaction with the residues ARG125, LYS126, TYR141 and PRO159 while the residues ARG122, PHE124, ASP135, SER137, GLU139 and ILE140 are involved in van der Waals interactions with Terpinen-4-ol (Figure 3(d)). |
| T223 | 9119-9249 | Sentence | denotes | The lowest energy poses of the rest 26 molecules along with their 2D interaction diagrams are provided in Supplementary Figure S3. |
| T224 | 9251-9257 | Sentence | denotes | 3.5.2. |
| T225 | 9259-9300 | Sentence | denotes | Docking study of SARS-CoV-2 main protease |
| T226 | 9301-9424 | Sentence | denotes | The above-selected molecules were also docked with the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro to observe the inhibitory effect of these molecules. |
| T227 | 9425-9545 | Sentence | denotes | The docking study reveals that all the molecules are interacting with the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro with certain binding affinity. |
| T228 | 9546-9593 | Sentence | denotes | The docking data are also presented in Table 1. |
| T229 | 9594-9783 | Sentence | denotes | From Table 1, it is seen that Piperine has the highest affinity at the binding site of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro among all the selected molecules, which is similar to the case of SARS-CoV-2 RBD Spro. |
| T230 | 9784-9975 | Sentence | denotes | The ΔG value, known as binding free energy, for the four molecules having the highest affinity among all the selected molecules, along with their 2D interaction diagram, is given in Figure 4. |
| T231 | 9976-10145 | Sentence | denotes | The four molecules have followed the binding affinity trend as Piperine (−7.3 kcal/mol) > Capsaicin (−6.4 kcal/mol) > Carvone (−6.2 kcal/mol) > Gingerol (−6.1 kcal/mol). |
| T232 | 10146-10336 | Sentence | denotes | From Figure 4(a), it is observed that the interaction of Piperine at the binding site of the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro is stabilized by hydrogen bonding, electrostatics and van der Waals interactions. |
| T233 | 10337-10541 | Sentence | denotes | The residues GLN299 and VAL303 are associated with hydrogen bonding interaction; ASP295 and ARG298 with charged interactions while MET6 and PRO9 are associated with hydrophobic interactions with Piperine. |
| T234 | 10542-10706 | Sentence | denotes | The molecule is also stabilized through van der Waals interactions with residues PHE8, GLY127, ILE152, PHE291 and THR304 at the binding site of the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. |
| T235 | 10707-10831 | Sentence | denotes | The molecule Capsaicin is stabilized in the binding pocket through van der Waals and hydrophobic interactions (Figure 4(b)). |
| T236 | 10832-10968 | Sentence | denotes | The residues MET6, PHE8, PRO9 and ILE152 are interacting through hydrophobic interactions such as alkyl and pi–alkyl with the Capsaicin. |
| T237 | 10969-11128 | Sentence | denotes | Capsaicin is interacting with residues ALA7, GLY11, LYS12, GLN127, TYR154, PHE291, ASP295, ARG298, GLN299, VAL303 and THR304 through van der Waals interaction. |
| T238 | 11129-11260 | Sentence | denotes | The interaction of Carvone with the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro is stabilized through hydrophobic and van der Walls interactions (Figure 4(c)). |
| T239 | 11261-11367 | Sentence | denotes | Carvone interacts with the residues MET6, PHE8 and ARG298 of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro through hydrophobic contacts. |
| T240 | 11368-11482 | Sentence | denotes | The residues ALA7, PRO9, GLN127, ASP295, GLN299, GLY302 and VAL303 are in van der Waals interactions with Carvone. |
| T241 | 11483-11626 | Sentence | denotes | Gingerol is stabilized by hydrogen bond, hydrophobic and van der Waals interactions in the binding pocket of the SARS-Cov-2 Mpro (Figure 4(d)). |
| T242 | 11627-11697 | Sentence | denotes | VAL303 is interacting through hydrogen bond interaction with Gingerol. |
| T243 | 11698-11897 | Sentence | denotes | The residues LYS12 and THR304 are involved in carbon-hydrogen bond interactions while MET6, ALA7, PHE8, GLN127, TYR154, ASP295 and ARG298 are associated with van der Waals interactions with Gingerol. |
| T244 | 11898-12004 | Sentence | denotes | The interaction of Gingerol with the residues PRO9 and ILE152 is stabilized through pi–alkyl interactions. |
| T245 | 12005-12188 | Sentence | denotes | The lowest energy binding poses of the rest 26 molecules along with the ligand interaction diagram at the binding sites of the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro are provided in Supplementary Figure S4. |
| T246 | 12189-12198 | Sentence | denotes | Figure 4. |
| T247 | 12200-12341 | Sentence | denotes | Lowest energy docked pose of (a) Piperine, (b) Capsaicin, (c) Carvone and (d) Gingerol with SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and their 2D interaction diagram. |
| T248 | 12342-12396 | Sentence | denotes | The colour codes represent the nature of interactions. |
| T249 | 12398-12402 | Sentence | denotes | 3.6. |
| T250 | 12404-12444 | Sentence | denotes | Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study |
| T251 | 12445-12623 | Sentence | denotes | The MD simulation is one of the proven in-silico methods for the determination of protein–ligand dynamics concerning a high temporal resolution of nanosecond or picosecond order. |
| T252 | 12624-12769 | Sentence | denotes | Here the docked poses of RBD Spro and Mpro with Piperine were used for a 100 ns MD simulation to analyse the stability of these docked compounds. |
| T253 | 12771-12777 | Sentence | denotes | 3.6.1. |
| T254 | 12779-12812 | Sentence | denotes | Root mean square deviation (RMSD) |
| T255 | 12813-12914 | Sentence | denotes | The RMSD values from MD simulation provide information about structural and conformational stability. |
| T256 | 12915-13008 | Sentence | denotes | Figure 5 represents the backbone RMSD data of viral proteins and their complex with Piperine. |
| T257 | 13009-13118 | Sentence | denotes | From the plot, it is observed that both the simulations have less fluctuation throughout the simulation time. |
| T258 | 13119-13304 | Sentence | denotes | The average RMSD values of RBD Spro, RBD Spro-Piperine, Mpro and Mpro-Piperine are calculated as 0.143 ± 0.025 nm, 0.130 ± 0.018 nm, 0.212 ± 0.041 nm and 0.203 ± 0.028 nm, respectively. |
| T259 | 13305-13457 | Sentence | denotes | The average RMSD values of the Piperine bound proteins as compared to only proteins are found to be less representing to their conformational stability. |
| T260 | 13458-13643 | Sentence | denotes | Both the simulations are attained equilibrium within 0.3 nm, which is also a measure of the systems’ stability during the simulation (Al-Shabib et al., 2018, 2020; Millan et al., 2018). |
| T261 | 13644-13653 | Sentence | denotes | Figure 5. |
| T262 | 13655-13783 | Sentence | denotes | Root mean square deviation plots of (a) RBD Spro (black) and RBD Spro-Piperine (red); (b) Mpro (black) and Mpro-Piperine (blue). |
| T263 | 13785-13791 | Sentence | denotes | 3.6.2. |
| T264 | 13793-13828 | Sentence | denotes | Root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) |
| T265 | 13829-14010 | Sentence | denotes | The conformational fluctuations of the proteins RBD Spro and Mpro were analysed by observing the residual changes that resulted due to the interaction of Piperine with the proteins. |
| T266 | 14011-14118 | Sentence | denotes | The RMSF plots of the Cα atoms of the viral proteins and their complex with Piperine are shown in Figure 6. |
| T267 | 14119-14324 | Sentence | denotes | From the analysis, it is found that RBD Spro, RBD Spro-Piperine, Mpro and Mpro-Piperine have the average RMSF values 0.099 ± 0.060 nm, 0.097 ± 0.051 nm, 0.119 ± 0.077 nm and 0.120 ± 0.077 nm, respectively. |
| T268 | 14325-14524 | Sentence | denotes | It is observed that RBD Spro-Piperine (Figure 6(a)) and Mpro-Piperine (Figure 6(b)) show similar fluctuations as compared to only RBD Spro and Mpro, which implies to the stability of these compounds. |
| T269 | 14525-14627 | Sentence | denotes | In addition to that, a majority of the protein residues are found to be stabilized within RMSF 0.3 nm. |
| T270 | 14628-14739 | Sentence | denotes | The decrease in fluctuations of Piperine bound to RBD Spro also suggests for the active binding of Piperine (A. |
| T271 | 14740-14771 | Sentence | denotes | Kumar, Choudhir, et al., 2020). |
| T272 | 14772-14781 | Sentence | denotes | Figure 6. |
| T273 | 14783-14925 | Sentence | denotes | Root mean square fluctuation plots of Cα-atoms of (a) RBD Spro (black) and RBD Spro-Piperine (red); (b) Mpro (black) and Mpro-Piperine (blue). |
| T274 | 14927-14933 | Sentence | denotes | 3.6.3. |
| T275 | 14935-14958 | Sentence | denotes | Radius of gyration (Rg) |
| T276 | 14959-15075 | Sentence | denotes | The root mean square distance between an object and the centre of gravity is defined as the radius of gyration (Rg). |
| T277 | 15076-15300 | Sentence | denotes | The radius of gyration is a measure of the compactness of the protein structure, where higher Rg value is referred to as a less compact structure, and low Rg value is inferred as high compactness that implies more stability. |
| T278 | 15301-15479 | Sentence | denotes | The measured average Rg values of RBD Spro, RBD Spro-Piperine, Mpro and Mpro-Piperine are 1.829 ± 0.008 nm, 1.833 ± 0.010 nm, 2.233 ± 0.012 nm and 2.238 ± 0.013 nm, respectively. |
| T279 | 15480-15732 | Sentence | denotes | From Figure 7(a,b), it is observed that there is a little enhancement in the Rg values of RBD Spro-Piperin, and Mpro-Piperine as compared to RBD Spro and Mpro, which implies to the gain in compactness of the protein structures upon binding to Piperine. |
| T280 | 15733-15742 | Sentence | denotes | Figure 7. |
| T281 | 15744-15978 | Sentence | denotes | Radius of gyration plots of (a) RBD Spro (black) and RBD Spro-Piperine (red); (b) Mpro (black) and Mpro-Piperine (blue); (c) Intermolecular hydrogen bonds formed between RBD Spro-Piperine and Mpro-Piperine during 100 ns MD simulation. |
| T282 | 15980-15986 | Sentence | denotes | 3.6.4. |
| T283 | 15988-16012 | Sentence | denotes | Number of hydrogen bonds |
| T284 | 16013-16152 | Sentence | denotes | The number of hydrogen bonds formed between the protein–ligand complex is the measure of the binding strength of the ligand to the protein. |
| T285 | 16153-16296 | Sentence | denotes | The RBD Spro (red) and Mpro (blue) bound to Piperine have a constant number of 1–2 hydrogen bonds throughout the simulation time (Figure 7(c)). |
| T286 | 16297-16423 | Sentence | denotes | There is a maximum number of 3 and 4 hydrogen bonds observed in the case of RBD Spro-Piperine and Mpro-Piperine, respectively. |
| T287 | 16424-16639 | Sentence | denotes | The number of hydrogen bonds fluctuates throughout the simulation time for both RBD Spro-Piperine and Mpro-Piperine, which suggests for conformational changes in the binding site of the ligand during the simulation. |
| T288 | 16640-16758 | Sentence | denotes | The observation from hydrogen bond analysis indicates that the complexes are stable for the performed simulation time. |
| T289 | 16760-16766 | Sentence | denotes | 3.6.5. |
| T290 | 16768-16786 | Sentence | denotes | Interaction energy |
| T291 | 16787-16883 | Sentence | denotes | The interaction energy is the measure of the interaction strength of the protein–ligand complex. |
| T292 | 16884-17026 | Sentence | denotes | In order to validate the results of molecular docking studies, the analysis of the interaction free energies from MD simulation was performed. |
| T293 | 17027-17149 | Sentence | denotes | The average interaction energy takes the contribution from the average short-range Lennard-Jones and van der Waals energy. |
| T294 | 17150-17306 | Sentence | denotes | The average interaction energies of RBD Spro-Piperine and Mpro-Piperine are found to be − 41.401 ± 17.843 kJ/mol and −143.162 ± 23.043 kJ/mol, respectively. |
| T295 | 17307-17541 | Sentence | denotes | These interaction energy values suggest that Piperine binds to the RBD Spro and Mpro with good affinity and hence supports the docking results, which in turn helps for the favourable use of Piperine as a drug candidate for SARS-CoV-2. |
| T296 | 17543-17549 | Sentence | denotes | 3.6.6. |
| T297 | 17551-17589 | Sentence | denotes | Solvent accessible surface area (SASA) |
| T298 | 17590-17682 | Sentence | denotes | SASA is a measure of the receptor exposure to the solvent environment during the simulation. |
| T299 | 17683-17821 | Sentence | denotes | The hydrophobic residues that got exposed to the solvent environment upon binding with the ligand molecules contribute to the SASA values. |
| T300 | 17822-17913 | Sentence | denotes | The plot of the SASA for the proteins and their ligand-bound form is presented in Figure 8. |
| T301 | 17914-18111 | Sentence | denotes | The analysed average SASA values for the RBD Spro, RBD Spro-Piperine, Mpro and Mpro-Piperine are 106.976 ± 1.602 nm2, 107.235 ± 1.667 nm2, 150.698 ± 2.565 nm2 and 151.022 ± 2.207 nm2, respectively. |
| T302 | 18112-18286 | Sentence | denotes | There is no significant change observed for the averaged SASA values of the complex as compared to only protein suggesting their stability after binding to the drug molecule. |
| T303 | 18287-18296 | Sentence | denotes | Figure 8. |
| T304 | 18298-18438 | Sentence | denotes | Solvent accessible surface area (SASA) plots of (a) RBD Spro (black) and RBD Spro-Piperine (red); (b) Mpro (black) and Mpro-Piperine (blue). |
| T305 | 18440-18446 | Sentence | denotes | 3.6.7. |
| T306 | 18448-18483 | Sentence | denotes | MMPBSA binding free energy analysis |
| T307 | 18484-18582 | Sentence | denotes | MD simulation can also be used to calculate the binding free energy of the protein–ligand complex. |
| T308 | 18583-18729 | Sentence | denotes | The binding free energy is the measure of the stability of the system in turns of consistency of nonbonded interactions throughout the simulation. |
| T309 | 18730-18837 | Sentence | denotes | The binding free energy was calculated by using MMPBSA method by taking 2000 snapshots from the trajectory. |
| T310 | 18838-18988 | Sentence | denotes | The computed value of binding free energy for RBD Spro-Piperine is found to be −5.533 ± 0.839 kJ/mol, and for Mpro-Piperine is −37.971 ± 0.271 kJ/mol. |
| T311 | 18989-19106 | Sentence | denotes | It is observed that for both RBD Spro and Mpro, van der Waals energy plays a crucial role in the interaction process. |
| T312 | 19107-19232 | Sentence | denotes | The van der Waals energy, electrostatic energy and non-polar energy are contributed actively to the total interaction energy. |
| T313 | 19233-19320 | Sentence | denotes | In contrast, polar energy has a positive contribution to the whole interaction process. |
| T314 | 19321-19474 | Sentence | denotes | The observed data indicate that the van der Waals, electrostatic and non-polar interactions combinedly contribute to the stability of both the compounds. |
| T315 | 19475-19625 | Sentence | denotes | The contribution from different interactions to the binding free energy for RBD Spro-Piperine and Mpro-Piperine is provided in Supplementary Table S2. |
| T316 | 19626-19634 | Sentence | denotes | Table 2. |
| T317 | 19636-19771 | Sentence | denotes | Lowest energy binding affinity of Piperine and few of the currently used drugs for SARS-CoV-2 as obtained from molecular docking study. |
| T318 | 19772-19809 | Sentence | denotes | Molecule Binding affinity (kcal/mol) |
| T319 | 19810-19824 | Sentence | denotes | RBD Spro Mpro |
| T320 | 19825-19845 | Sentence | denotes | Piperine –6.4 –7.3 |
| T321 | 19846-19869 | Sentence | denotes | Chloroquine –5.0 –4.9 |
| T322 | 19870-19893 | Sentence | denotes | Favipiravir –5.3 –5.6 |
| T323 | 19894-19924 | Sentence | denotes | Hydroxychloroquine –4.8 –6.0 |
| T324 | 19925-19948 | Sentence | denotes | Oseltamivir –5.1 –5.5 |
| T325 | 19949-19971 | Sentence | denotes | Remdesivir –6.1 –7.2 |
| T326 | 19972-19993 | Sentence | denotes | Ribavirin –5.6 –6.1 |
| T327 | 19995-20001 | Sentence | denotes | 3.6.8. |
| T328 | 20003-20037 | Sentence | denotes | Principal component analysis (PCA) |
| T329 | 20038-20127 | Sentence | denotes | The PCA is an essential technique to monitor the conformational dynamics of biomolecules. |
| T330 | 20128-20247 | Sentence | denotes | It is useful in determining the concerted motion of protein as well as protein–ligand complex from the MD trajectories. |
| T331 | 20248-20417 | Sentence | denotes | The diagonalization of the covariance matrix of backbone atoms of the proteins and ligand-bound form were considered for the principal components PC1 and PC2 (Figure 9). |
| T332 | 20418-20594 | Sentence | denotes | From Figure 9(a,b), it is observed that both the Spro-Piperine and Mpro-Piperine are less flexible as compared to unbound proteins since they covered less conformational space. |
| T333 | 20595-20688 | Sentence | denotes | It concludes that the ligand-bound forms are more stable as compared to the unbound proteins. |
| T334 | 20689-20698 | Sentence | denotes | Figure 9. |
| T335 | 20700-20824 | Sentence | denotes | Principal component analysis of (a) RBD Spro (black), RBD Spro-Piperine (red) and (b) Mpro (black) and Mpro-Piperine (blue). |
| T336 | 20825-20926 | Sentence | denotes | Free energy landscape plot of (c) RBD Spro, (d) RBD Spro-Piperine and (e) Mpro and (f) Mpro-Piperine. |
| T337 | 20927-21142 | Sentence | denotes | The principal components obtained were used as the reaction coordinates to find the Gibbs free energy landscape (Figure 9) to visualize the energy minima of the unbound protein as well as the protein–ligand complex. |
| T338 | 21143-21358 | Sentence | denotes | From Figure 9(c–f), it is observed that both the ligand-bound proteins have less Gibbs-free energy values than the unbound proteins indicating their stability and energetically favourable conformational transitions. |
| T339 | 21359-21606 | Sentence | denotes | The shape and size of the minimum energy area (blue colour) in case of RBD Spro-Piperine and Mpro-Piperine are more as compared to the unbound proteins RBD Spro and Mpro, which suggests the ligand-bound forms are thermodynamically more favourable. |
| T340 | 21607-21763 | Sentence | denotes | The comprehensive study reveals that Piperine forms a stable complex with RBD Spro and Mpro and can be considered as an active inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2. |
| T341 | 21764-21948 | Sentence | denotes | From the docking results, it is observed that the Piperine molecule is the best candidate for the inhibition of the RBD Spro and the Mpro of SARS-CoV-2 among the selected 30 molecules. |
| T342 | 21949-22237 | Sentence | denotes | To observe the effectiveness of Piperine over currently used drugs, we carried out the docking study of a few drug molecules such as chloroquine, favipiravir, hydroxychloroquine, oseltamivir, remdesivir and ribavirin using the same docking protocol as followed for the 30 spice molecules. |
| T343 | 22238-22358 | Sentence | denotes | From the docking score, it is found that Piperine performed better as compared to the currently used drugs stated above. |
| T344 | 22359-22553 | Sentence | denotes | The lowest energy pose of a few presently used drugs with their 2D interaction diagram is provided in Supplementary Figures S5 and S6 corresponding to SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and RBD Spro, respectively. |
| T345 | 22554-22672 | Sentence | denotes | A comparison of the lowest energy dock scores of these drug molecules along with Piperine is also provided in Table 2. |
| T346 | 22673-22798 | Sentence | denotes | The MD simulation results reveal that Piperine actively inhibits both the RBD Spro and Mpro by binding to their active sites. |
| T347 | 22799-22901 | Sentence | denotes | Piperine binds on the active site of the RBD Spro with those residues by which it interacts with ACE2. |
| T348 | 22902-23012 | Sentence | denotes | So, the binding of Piperine on that site may potentially cease the interaction tendency of RBD Spro with ACE2. |
| T349 | 23013-23117 | Sentence | denotes | Similarly, the interaction of Piperine on the active site of the Mpro may inhibit its viral replication. |
| T350 | 23118-23338 | Sentence | denotes | From the docking and MD results, we conclude that Piperine forms a very stable complex with RBD Spro and Mpro and shows better affinity as compared to the currently used drugs that are mentioned above against SARS-CoV-2. |
2_test
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 32938313-2866089-56197386 | 460-464 | 2866089 | denotes | 1985 |
| 32938313-17985865-56197387 | 2115-2119 | 17985865 | denotes | 2007 |
| 32938313-25382374-56197388 | 2327-2331 | 25382374 | denotes | 2014 |
| 32938313-22992175-56197389 | 2720-2724 | 22992175 | denotes | 2012 |
| 32938313-22830056-56197390 | 3273-3277 | 22830056 | denotes | 2012 |
| 32938313-29421301-56197391 | 3487-3491 | 29421301 | denotes | 2018 |
| 32938313-22196228-56197392 | 3654-3658 | 22196228 | denotes | 2012 |
| 32938313-15154768-56197393 | 3676-3680 | 15154768 | denotes | 2004 |
| 32938313-11579439-56197394 | 4872-4876 | 11579439 | denotes | 2001 |
| 32938313-27218427-56197395 | 5027-5031 | 27218427 | denotes | 2016 |
| 32938313-32194324-56197396 | 13616-13620 | 32194324 | denotes | 2020 |