PMC:7543680 / 2040-5311
Annnotations
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":13,"end":37},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":39,"end":47},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":95,"end":142},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":144,"end":152},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":175,"end":196},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":187,"end":196},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":432,"end":440},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":599,"end":608},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":774,"end":782},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":1103,"end":1111},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":1550,"end":1558},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":1725,"end":1733},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":2692,"end":2702},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":3253,"end":3261},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A7","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A8","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A9","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T9","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A10","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T10","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A11","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T11","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0024355"},{"id":"A12","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T12","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A13","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T13","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A14","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T14","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A15","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T15","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A16","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T16","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A17","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T17","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A18","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T18","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A19","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T19","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A20","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T20","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"}],"text":"Introduction\nCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an illness caused by a novel virus, called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is an emerging respiratory infection that was first discovered in December 2019, in Wuhan city, China (1). Meanwhile, the virus has spread worldwide and the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared the outbreak as international public health emergency (2). The COVID-19 outbreak has serious impacts on individual behavior as well as the society as a whole and how individuals interact with each other. Due to the extremely high infection rate and relatively high mortality, politics imposed several restrictive measures like social distancing or movement restrictions. Thus, people began worrying about COVID-19 and changed their social behavior accordingly (3). As such, the outbreak implies far-reaching changes in the way they organize their daily lives, e.g., through changes in their working lives and challenges in childcare arrangements. Surveys in different countries have been conducted that investigated the effect of the COVID-19 outbreak on behavior change. For Germany, to the best of our knowledge, despite reports in news and mass media, studies on protective behavior published in scientific journals are still missing. Thus, this paper investigates how the German population deals with the new situation and how individuals change their everyday life.\nProtective behavior and how people organize their daily life depends on public awareness of the threat of the COVID-19 outbreak, which is also influenced by measures like closing borders, bans on gatherings, or movement restrictions. Such preventive and precautionary measures against COVID-19 to control the outbreak were also undertaken in Germany prior to the phase of data collection in this study. Two social distancing measures (all gatherings over 1,000 members, and later all gatherings over 50 members, were canceled), three public health measures (health campaign, special funding for research on coronavirus and isolation/quarantine policies), two movement restriction measures (additional documents required on arrival from certain countries and intensified border controls) and two socio-economic measures (export ban of medical products and suspension of commercial traffic on Sundays) were implemented until the mid of March 2020. On the day when data collection started (16th March), five further measures were undertaken, while seven more measures were introduced during the period of data collection (see Figure 1 and Supplementary Table 1).\nFigure 1 Timeline of measures undertaken in Germany beginning from the first 100 confirmed infectious cases until the end of data collection (end of March 2020, period of data collection highlighted in blue). In terms of protective behavior, studies have shown that disease-related literacy and factors such as age, gender, or education play a major role in shaping individual practices (4, 5). Against this background, this study tackles following research questions: What kind of protective behaviors have people practiced how often? Which socio-demographic factors are associated with protective behavior in German public's everyday life due to the COVID-19 outbreak?"}
LitCovid-PD-CLO
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":73,"end":74},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":81,"end":86},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":282,"end":287},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":288,"end":291},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":330,"end":342},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":450,"end":453},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":519,"end":520},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":584,"end":593},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000876"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":901,"end":909},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":901,"end":909},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100026"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":901,"end":909},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000468"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":1475,"end":1483},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":1475,"end":1483},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100026"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":1475,"end":1483},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000468"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":2943,"end":2944},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":2989,"end":2993},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053799"}],"text":"Introduction\nCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an illness caused by a novel virus, called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is an emerging respiratory infection that was first discovered in December 2019, in Wuhan city, China (1). Meanwhile, the virus has spread worldwide and the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared the outbreak as international public health emergency (2). The COVID-19 outbreak has serious impacts on individual behavior as well as the society as a whole and how individuals interact with each other. Due to the extremely high infection rate and relatively high mortality, politics imposed several restrictive measures like social distancing or movement restrictions. Thus, people began worrying about COVID-19 and changed their social behavior accordingly (3). As such, the outbreak implies far-reaching changes in the way they organize their daily lives, e.g., through changes in their working lives and challenges in childcare arrangements. Surveys in different countries have been conducted that investigated the effect of the COVID-19 outbreak on behavior change. For Germany, to the best of our knowledge, despite reports in news and mass media, studies on protective behavior published in scientific journals are still missing. Thus, this paper investigates how the German population deals with the new situation and how individuals change their everyday life.\nProtective behavior and how people organize their daily life depends on public awareness of the threat of the COVID-19 outbreak, which is also influenced by measures like closing borders, bans on gatherings, or movement restrictions. Such preventive and precautionary measures against COVID-19 to control the outbreak were also undertaken in Germany prior to the phase of data collection in this study. Two social distancing measures (all gatherings over 1,000 members, and later all gatherings over 50 members, were canceled), three public health measures (health campaign, special funding for research on coronavirus and isolation/quarantine policies), two movement restriction measures (additional documents required on arrival from certain countries and intensified border controls) and two socio-economic measures (export ban of medical products and suspension of commercial traffic on Sundays) were implemented until the mid of March 2020. On the day when data collection started (16th March), five further measures were undertaken, while seven more measures were introduced during the period of data collection (see Figure 1 and Supplementary Table 1).\nFigure 1 Timeline of measures undertaken in Germany beginning from the first 100 confirmed infectious cases until the end of data collection (end of March 2020, period of data collection highlighted in blue). In terms of protective behavior, studies have shown that disease-related literacy and factors such as age, gender, or education play a major role in shaping individual practices (4, 5). Against this background, this study tackles following research questions: What kind of protective behaviors have people practiced how often? Which socio-demographic factors are associated with protective behavior in German public's everyday life due to the COVID-19 outbreak?"}
LitCovid-PubTator
{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"37","span":{"begin":95,"end":142},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"38","span":{"begin":144,"end":154},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"39","span":{"begin":746,"end":752},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"40","span":{"begin":13,"end":37},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"41","span":{"begin":39,"end":47},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"42","span":{"begin":175,"end":196},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"43","span":{"begin":432,"end":440},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"44","span":{"begin":599,"end":608},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"45","span":{"begin":634,"end":643},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"46","span":{"begin":774,"end":782},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"47","span":{"begin":1103,"end":1111},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"52","span":{"begin":1468,"end":1474},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"53","span":{"begin":2047,"end":2058},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"54","span":{"begin":1550,"end":1558},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"55","span":{"begin":1725,"end":1733},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"57","span":{"begin":2692,"end":2702},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"61","span":{"begin":2912,"end":2915},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"62","span":{"begin":3109,"end":3115},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"63","span":{"begin":3253,"end":3261},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A37","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"37","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A38","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"38","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A39","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"39","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A40","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"40","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A41","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"41","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A42","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"42","obj":"MESH:D012141"},{"id":"A43","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"43","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A44","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"44","obj":"MESH:D007239"},{"id":"A45","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"45","obj":"MESH:D003643"},{"id":"A46","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"46","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A47","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"47","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A52","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"52","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A53","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"53","obj":"Tax:11118"},{"id":"A54","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"54","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A55","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"55","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A57","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"57","obj":"MESH:D003141"},{"id":"A61","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"61","obj":"Gene:5973"},{"id":"A62","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"62","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A63","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"63","obj":"MESH:C000657245"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"Introduction\nCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an illness caused by a novel virus, called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is an emerging respiratory infection that was first discovered in December 2019, in Wuhan city, China (1). Meanwhile, the virus has spread worldwide and the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared the outbreak as international public health emergency (2). The COVID-19 outbreak has serious impacts on individual behavior as well as the society as a whole and how individuals interact with each other. Due to the extremely high infection rate and relatively high mortality, politics imposed several restrictive measures like social distancing or movement restrictions. Thus, people began worrying about COVID-19 and changed their social behavior accordingly (3). As such, the outbreak implies far-reaching changes in the way they organize their daily lives, e.g., through changes in their working lives and challenges in childcare arrangements. Surveys in different countries have been conducted that investigated the effect of the COVID-19 outbreak on behavior change. For Germany, to the best of our knowledge, despite reports in news and mass media, studies on protective behavior published in scientific journals are still missing. Thus, this paper investigates how the German population deals with the new situation and how individuals change their everyday life.\nProtective behavior and how people organize their daily life depends on public awareness of the threat of the COVID-19 outbreak, which is also influenced by measures like closing borders, bans on gatherings, or movement restrictions. Such preventive and precautionary measures against COVID-19 to control the outbreak were also undertaken in Germany prior to the phase of data collection in this study. Two social distancing measures (all gatherings over 1,000 members, and later all gatherings over 50 members, were canceled), three public health measures (health campaign, special funding for research on coronavirus and isolation/quarantine policies), two movement restriction measures (additional documents required on arrival from certain countries and intensified border controls) and two socio-economic measures (export ban of medical products and suspension of commercial traffic on Sundays) were implemented until the mid of March 2020. On the day when data collection started (16th March), five further measures were undertaken, while seven more measures were introduced during the period of data collection (see Figure 1 and Supplementary Table 1).\nFigure 1 Timeline of measures undertaken in Germany beginning from the first 100 confirmed infectious cases until the end of data collection (end of March 2020, period of data collection highlighted in blue). In terms of protective behavior, studies have shown that disease-related literacy and factors such as age, gender, or education play a major role in shaping individual practices (4, 5). Against this background, this study tackles following research questions: What kind of protective behaviors have people practiced how often? Which socio-demographic factors are associated with protective behavior in German public's everyday life due to the COVID-19 outbreak?"}
LitCovid-PD-HP
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":175,"end":196},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A2","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011947"}],"text":"Introduction\nCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an illness caused by a novel virus, called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is an emerging respiratory infection that was first discovered in December 2019, in Wuhan city, China (1). Meanwhile, the virus has spread worldwide and the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared the outbreak as international public health emergency (2). The COVID-19 outbreak has serious impacts on individual behavior as well as the society as a whole and how individuals interact with each other. Due to the extremely high infection rate and relatively high mortality, politics imposed several restrictive measures like social distancing or movement restrictions. Thus, people began worrying about COVID-19 and changed their social behavior accordingly (3). As such, the outbreak implies far-reaching changes in the way they organize their daily lives, e.g., through changes in their working lives and challenges in childcare arrangements. Surveys in different countries have been conducted that investigated the effect of the COVID-19 outbreak on behavior change. For Germany, to the best of our knowledge, despite reports in news and mass media, studies on protective behavior published in scientific journals are still missing. Thus, this paper investigates how the German population deals with the new situation and how individuals change their everyday life.\nProtective behavior and how people organize their daily life depends on public awareness of the threat of the COVID-19 outbreak, which is also influenced by measures like closing borders, bans on gatherings, or movement restrictions. Such preventive and precautionary measures against COVID-19 to control the outbreak were also undertaken in Germany prior to the phase of data collection in this study. Two social distancing measures (all gatherings over 1,000 members, and later all gatherings over 50 members, were canceled), three public health measures (health campaign, special funding for research on coronavirus and isolation/quarantine policies), two movement restriction measures (additional documents required on arrival from certain countries and intensified border controls) and two socio-economic measures (export ban of medical products and suspension of commercial traffic on Sundays) were implemented until the mid of March 2020. On the day when data collection started (16th March), five further measures were undertaken, while seven more measures were introduced during the period of data collection (see Figure 1 and Supplementary Table 1).\nFigure 1 Timeline of measures undertaken in Germany beginning from the first 100 confirmed infectious cases until the end of data collection (end of March 2020, period of data collection highlighted in blue). In terms of protective behavior, studies have shown that disease-related literacy and factors such as age, gender, or education play a major role in shaping individual practices (4, 5). Against this background, this study tackles following research questions: What kind of protective behaviors have people practiced how often? Which socio-demographic factors are associated with protective behavior in German public's everyday life due to the COVID-19 outbreak?"}
LitCovid-PD-GO-BP
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":484,"end":492},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":801,"end":816},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0035176"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":808,"end":816},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1124,"end":1132},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":1246,"end":1254},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":1451,"end":1459},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":2833,"end":2841},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":3094,"end":3103},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":3200,"end":3208},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610"}],"text":"Introduction\nCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an illness caused by a novel virus, called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is an emerging respiratory infection that was first discovered in December 2019, in Wuhan city, China (1). Meanwhile, the virus has spread worldwide and the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared the outbreak as international public health emergency (2). The COVID-19 outbreak has serious impacts on individual behavior as well as the society as a whole and how individuals interact with each other. Due to the extremely high infection rate and relatively high mortality, politics imposed several restrictive measures like social distancing or movement restrictions. Thus, people began worrying about COVID-19 and changed their social behavior accordingly (3). As such, the outbreak implies far-reaching changes in the way they organize their daily lives, e.g., through changes in their working lives and challenges in childcare arrangements. Surveys in different countries have been conducted that investigated the effect of the COVID-19 outbreak on behavior change. For Germany, to the best of our knowledge, despite reports in news and mass media, studies on protective behavior published in scientific journals are still missing. Thus, this paper investigates how the German population deals with the new situation and how individuals change their everyday life.\nProtective behavior and how people organize their daily life depends on public awareness of the threat of the COVID-19 outbreak, which is also influenced by measures like closing borders, bans on gatherings, or movement restrictions. Such preventive and precautionary measures against COVID-19 to control the outbreak were also undertaken in Germany prior to the phase of data collection in this study. Two social distancing measures (all gatherings over 1,000 members, and later all gatherings over 50 members, were canceled), three public health measures (health campaign, special funding for research on coronavirus and isolation/quarantine policies), two movement restriction measures (additional documents required on arrival from certain countries and intensified border controls) and two socio-economic measures (export ban of medical products and suspension of commercial traffic on Sundays) were implemented until the mid of March 2020. On the day when data collection started (16th March), five further measures were undertaken, while seven more measures were introduced during the period of data collection (see Figure 1 and Supplementary Table 1).\nFigure 1 Timeline of measures undertaken in Germany beginning from the first 100 confirmed infectious cases until the end of data collection (end of March 2020, period of data collection highlighted in blue). In terms of protective behavior, studies have shown that disease-related literacy and factors such as age, gender, or education play a major role in shaping individual practices (4, 5). Against this background, this study tackles following research questions: What kind of protective behaviors have people practiced how often? Which socio-demographic factors are associated with protective behavior in German public's everyday life due to the COVID-19 outbreak?"}
LitCovid-sentences
{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":0,"end":12},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T23","span":{"begin":13,"end":156},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T24","span":{"begin":157,"end":266},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T25","span":{"begin":267,"end":427},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T26","span":{"begin":428,"end":572},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T27","span":{"begin":573,"end":739},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T28","span":{"begin":740,"end":833},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T29","span":{"begin":834,"end":1015},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T30","span":{"begin":1016,"end":1140},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T31","span":{"begin":1141,"end":1306},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T32","span":{"begin":1307,"end":1439},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T33","span":{"begin":1440,"end":1673},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T34","span":{"begin":1674,"end":1842},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T35","span":{"begin":1843,"end":2385},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T36","span":{"begin":2386,"end":2599},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T37","span":{"begin":2600,"end":2809},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T38","span":{"begin":2810,"end":2995},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T39","span":{"begin":2996,"end":3069},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T40","span":{"begin":3070,"end":3136},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T41","span":{"begin":3137,"end":3271},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"Introduction\nCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an illness caused by a novel virus, called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is an emerging respiratory infection that was first discovered in December 2019, in Wuhan city, China (1). Meanwhile, the virus has spread worldwide and the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared the outbreak as international public health emergency (2). The COVID-19 outbreak has serious impacts on individual behavior as well as the society as a whole and how individuals interact with each other. Due to the extremely high infection rate and relatively high mortality, politics imposed several restrictive measures like social distancing or movement restrictions. Thus, people began worrying about COVID-19 and changed their social behavior accordingly (3). As such, the outbreak implies far-reaching changes in the way they organize their daily lives, e.g., through changes in their working lives and challenges in childcare arrangements. Surveys in different countries have been conducted that investigated the effect of the COVID-19 outbreak on behavior change. For Germany, to the best of our knowledge, despite reports in news and mass media, studies on protective behavior published in scientific journals are still missing. Thus, this paper investigates how the German population deals with the new situation and how individuals change their everyday life.\nProtective behavior and how people organize their daily life depends on public awareness of the threat of the COVID-19 outbreak, which is also influenced by measures like closing borders, bans on gatherings, or movement restrictions. Such preventive and precautionary measures against COVID-19 to control the outbreak were also undertaken in Germany prior to the phase of data collection in this study. Two social distancing measures (all gatherings over 1,000 members, and later all gatherings over 50 members, were canceled), three public health measures (health campaign, special funding for research on coronavirus and isolation/quarantine policies), two movement restriction measures (additional documents required on arrival from certain countries and intensified border controls) and two socio-economic measures (export ban of medical products and suspension of commercial traffic on Sundays) were implemented until the mid of March 2020. On the day when data collection started (16th March), five further measures were undertaken, while seven more measures were introduced during the period of data collection (see Figure 1 and Supplementary Table 1).\nFigure 1 Timeline of measures undertaken in Germany beginning from the first 100 confirmed infectious cases until the end of data collection (end of March 2020, period of data collection highlighted in blue). In terms of protective behavior, studies have shown that disease-related literacy and factors such as age, gender, or education play a major role in shaping individual practices (4, 5). Against this background, this study tackles following research questions: What kind of protective behaviors have people practiced how often? Which socio-demographic factors are associated with protective behavior in German public's everyday life due to the COVID-19 outbreak?"}
2_test
{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"33072712-32271768-42859784","span":{"begin":263,"end":264},"obj":"32271768"},{"id":"33072712-32169119-42859785","span":{"begin":424,"end":425},"obj":"32169119"},{"id":"33072712-22276600-42859786","span":{"begin":2989,"end":2990},"obj":"22276600"}],"text":"Introduction\nCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an illness caused by a novel virus, called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is an emerging respiratory infection that was first discovered in December 2019, in Wuhan city, China (1). Meanwhile, the virus has spread worldwide and the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared the outbreak as international public health emergency (2). The COVID-19 outbreak has serious impacts on individual behavior as well as the society as a whole and how individuals interact with each other. Due to the extremely high infection rate and relatively high mortality, politics imposed several restrictive measures like social distancing or movement restrictions. Thus, people began worrying about COVID-19 and changed their social behavior accordingly (3). As such, the outbreak implies far-reaching changes in the way they organize their daily lives, e.g., through changes in their working lives and challenges in childcare arrangements. Surveys in different countries have been conducted that investigated the effect of the COVID-19 outbreak on behavior change. For Germany, to the best of our knowledge, despite reports in news and mass media, studies on protective behavior published in scientific journals are still missing. Thus, this paper investigates how the German population deals with the new situation and how individuals change their everyday life.\nProtective behavior and how people organize their daily life depends on public awareness of the threat of the COVID-19 outbreak, which is also influenced by measures like closing borders, bans on gatherings, or movement restrictions. Such preventive and precautionary measures against COVID-19 to control the outbreak were also undertaken in Germany prior to the phase of data collection in this study. Two social distancing measures (all gatherings over 1,000 members, and later all gatherings over 50 members, were canceled), three public health measures (health campaign, special funding for research on coronavirus and isolation/quarantine policies), two movement restriction measures (additional documents required on arrival from certain countries and intensified border controls) and two socio-economic measures (export ban of medical products and suspension of commercial traffic on Sundays) were implemented until the mid of March 2020. On the day when data collection started (16th March), five further measures were undertaken, while seven more measures were introduced during the period of data collection (see Figure 1 and Supplementary Table 1).\nFigure 1 Timeline of measures undertaken in Germany beginning from the first 100 confirmed infectious cases until the end of data collection (end of March 2020, period of data collection highlighted in blue). In terms of protective behavior, studies have shown that disease-related literacy and factors such as age, gender, or education play a major role in shaping individual practices (4, 5). Against this background, this study tackles following research questions: What kind of protective behaviors have people practiced how often? Which socio-demographic factors are associated with protective behavior in German public's everyday life due to the COVID-19 outbreak?"}