PMC:7543267 / 6177-11742 JSON TXT

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LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":2418,"end":2423},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A2","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670"}],"text":"Social Distancing Determinants: An Integrated Social Cognition Approach\nResearch examining health behavior determinants has a long tradition of applying social cognition theories [12], which assume health behavior enactment is a reasoned process determined by beliefs, such as risk perception, attitude, social norm, and perceptions of control or self-efficacy. A prototypical social cognition approach is offered by the theory of planned behavior [13]. In the theory, individuals’ intention to perform the target behavior is proposed as the most proximal determinant of the performance of a future target behavior. Intention is a function of three constructs that summarize sets of beliefs regarding the future behavior: attitude (beliefs that the behavior will have advantageous or disadvantageous consequences), subjective norm (beliefs that significant others express support for performing the behavior), and perceived behavioral control (PBC; beliefs in the capacity to perform the behavior and to overcome barriers to the behavior). Intention is proposed to mediate the effects of attitude, subjective norm, and PBC on behavior. PBC is also proposed to predict behavior directly when it approximates actual control. Theory predictions have been supported in correlational and prospective research across multiple behaviors, contexts, and populations [14].\nWhile the elegant parsimony of the theory of planned behavior is appealing, it is not without limitations. Research applying the theory has indicated that substantive variance in health behavior remains unexplained [14]. In addition, the size of the effect of intention on health behavior is often modest, suggesting a “shortfall” in those who report an intention to perform the behavior and those who act on their intention [15]. Researchers have, therefore, proposed modifications to the theory to resolve these limitations, such as integrating additional constructs from other theories, in the theory to predict behavior more effectively and address the intention–behavior “gap” [16].\nIntroducing additional constructs to the theory is one approach to increasing explained variance in health behavior. For example, researchers have examined relations between moral norms, an additional form of normative influence, and health behavior. Moral norms are considered particularly relevant when there is a moral imperative for acting (e.g., vaccination and blood donation) [17]. In the context of COVID-19, messaging from public health authorities on COVID-19-preventive behaviors has focused on protecting the vulnerable (e.g., immunosuppressed individuals, those with underlying health conditions, and the elderly) [3]. On this basis, we reasoned that moral norm would constitute a highly relevant determinant of social distancing intention and behavior in the context of the pandemic. In addition, anticipated regret has been shown to predict behaviors perceived likely to have adverse consequences or result in significant losses if not performed [17]. Failure to perform social distancing behaviors may be perceived as having highly undesirable consequences, such as becoming infected or infecting vulnerable others. We, therefore, included moral norm and anticipated regret as additional predictors of intention to perform social distancing behavior in our integrated model.\nResearchers have applied “dual-phase” models as a means to resolve the limitation of the intention–behavior “gap.” Models like the model of action phases [18] and the health action process approach (HAPA) [19] propose that individuals need to augment their intentions with action plans in order to enact them. Action plans reflect the extent to which individuals have specified when, where, and how they will perform the intended behavior. The model of action phases [18] suggests that individuals will more likely enact their intentions if they form an action plan, so action plans are proposed to moderate the intention–behavior relationship. By contrast, the HAPA suggests that planning is part of the process of intention enactment such that action plans mediate the intention–behavior relationship [19]. Meta-analyses of studies in health behavior have supported both processes [20, 21], and we aimed to test both in our proposed integrated model of social distancing behavior.\nWhile social cognition theories like the theory of planned behavior assume participation in health behavior to be a reasoned process, research applying such theories has shown that past behavior remains a pervasive determinant of behavior alongside the theory constructs [22, 23]. The inclusion of past behavior as an independent behavioral predictor in a social cognition theory is important because it provides a test of its sufficiency in accounting for unique variance in behavior. However, residual effects of past behavior on behavior are also assumed to model the effects of other unmeasured constructs on behavior [23]. One candidate construct is habit, which reflects the “nonconscious” or “automatic” enactment of a behavior developed through its repeated performance in stable contexts [24, 25]. Research examining the effects of habit in the context of social cognition theories has examined how self-reports of experiencing the behavior as “automatic” and “unthinking” predict health behavior independent of intentions [26]. The introduction of habit in our augmented model, therefore, may provide important information on the extent to which social distancing behavior is determined by reasoned or nonconscious processes [27]."}

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":2418,"end":2423},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A3","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178"}],"text":"Social Distancing Determinants: An Integrated Social Cognition Approach\nResearch examining health behavior determinants has a long tradition of applying social cognition theories [12], which assume health behavior enactment is a reasoned process determined by beliefs, such as risk perception, attitude, social norm, and perceptions of control or self-efficacy. A prototypical social cognition approach is offered by the theory of planned behavior [13]. In the theory, individuals’ intention to perform the target behavior is proposed as the most proximal determinant of the performance of a future target behavior. Intention is a function of three constructs that summarize sets of beliefs regarding the future behavior: attitude (beliefs that the behavior will have advantageous or disadvantageous consequences), subjective norm (beliefs that significant others express support for performing the behavior), and perceived behavioral control (PBC; beliefs in the capacity to perform the behavior and to overcome barriers to the behavior). Intention is proposed to mediate the effects of attitude, subjective norm, and PBC on behavior. PBC is also proposed to predict behavior directly when it approximates actual control. Theory predictions have been supported in correlational and prospective research across multiple behaviors, contexts, and populations [14].\nWhile the elegant parsimony of the theory of planned behavior is appealing, it is not without limitations. Research applying the theory has indicated that substantive variance in health behavior remains unexplained [14]. In addition, the size of the effect of intention on health behavior is often modest, suggesting a “shortfall” in those who report an intention to perform the behavior and those who act on their intention [15]. Researchers have, therefore, proposed modifications to the theory to resolve these limitations, such as integrating additional constructs from other theories, in the theory to predict behavior more effectively and address the intention–behavior “gap” [16].\nIntroducing additional constructs to the theory is one approach to increasing explained variance in health behavior. For example, researchers have examined relations between moral norms, an additional form of normative influence, and health behavior. Moral norms are considered particularly relevant when there is a moral imperative for acting (e.g., vaccination and blood donation) [17]. In the context of COVID-19, messaging from public health authorities on COVID-19-preventive behaviors has focused on protecting the vulnerable (e.g., immunosuppressed individuals, those with underlying health conditions, and the elderly) [3]. On this basis, we reasoned that moral norm would constitute a highly relevant determinant of social distancing intention and behavior in the context of the pandemic. In addition, anticipated regret has been shown to predict behaviors perceived likely to have adverse consequences or result in significant losses if not performed [17]. Failure to perform social distancing behaviors may be perceived as having highly undesirable consequences, such as becoming infected or infecting vulnerable others. We, therefore, included moral norm and anticipated regret as additional predictors of intention to perform social distancing behavior in our integrated model.\nResearchers have applied “dual-phase” models as a means to resolve the limitation of the intention–behavior “gap.” Models like the model of action phases [18] and the health action process approach (HAPA) [19] propose that individuals need to augment their intentions with action plans in order to enact them. Action plans reflect the extent to which individuals have specified when, where, and how they will perform the intended behavior. The model of action phases [18] suggests that individuals will more likely enact their intentions if they form an action plan, so action plans are proposed to moderate the intention–behavior relationship. By contrast, the HAPA suggests that planning is part of the process of intention enactment such that action plans mediate the intention–behavior relationship [19]. Meta-analyses of studies in health behavior have supported both processes [20, 21], and we aimed to test both in our proposed integrated model of social distancing behavior.\nWhile social cognition theories like the theory of planned behavior assume participation in health behavior to be a reasoned process, research applying such theories has shown that past behavior remains a pervasive determinant of behavior alongside the theory constructs [22, 23]. The inclusion of past behavior as an independent behavioral predictor in a social cognition theory is important because it provides a test of its sufficiency in accounting for unique variance in behavior. However, residual effects of past behavior on behavior are also assumed to model the effects of other unmeasured constructs on behavior [23]. One candidate construct is habit, which reflects the “nonconscious” or “automatic” enactment of a behavior developed through its repeated performance in stable contexts [24, 25]. Research examining the effects of habit in the context of social cognition theories has examined how self-reports of experiencing the behavior as “automatic” and “unthinking” predict health behavior independent of intentions [26]. The introduction of habit in our augmented model, therefore, may provide important information on the extent to which social distancing behavior is determined by reasoned or nonconscious processes [27]."}

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

LitCovid-PD-CLO

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":3652,"end":3658},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A3","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5133"}],"text":"Social Distancing Determinants: An Integrated Social Cognition Approach\nResearch examining health behavior determinants has a long tradition of applying social cognition theories [12], which assume health behavior enactment is a reasoned process determined by beliefs, such as risk perception, attitude, social norm, and perceptions of control or self-efficacy. A prototypical social cognition approach is offered by the theory of planned behavior [13]. In the theory, individuals’ intention to perform the target behavior is proposed as the most proximal determinant of the performance of a future target behavior. Intention is a function of three constructs that summarize sets of beliefs regarding the future behavior: attitude (beliefs that the behavior will have advantageous or disadvantageous consequences), subjective norm (beliefs that significant others express support for performing the behavior), and perceived behavioral control (PBC; beliefs in the capacity to perform the behavior and to overcome barriers to the behavior). Intention is proposed to mediate the effects of attitude, subjective norm, and PBC on behavior. PBC is also proposed to predict behavior directly when it approximates actual control. Theory predictions have been supported in correlational and prospective research across multiple behaviors, contexts, and populations [14].\nWhile the elegant parsimony of the theory of planned behavior is appealing, it is not without limitations. Research applying the theory has indicated that substantive variance in health behavior remains unexplained [14]. In addition, the size of the effect of intention on health behavior is often modest, suggesting a “shortfall” in those who report an intention to perform the behavior and those who act on their intention [15]. Researchers have, therefore, proposed modifications to the theory to resolve these limitations, such as integrating additional constructs from other theories, in the theory to predict behavior more effectively and address the intention–behavior “gap” [16].\nIntroducing additional constructs to the theory is one approach to increasing explained variance in health behavior. For example, researchers have examined relations between moral norms, an additional form of normative influence, and health behavior. Moral norms are considered particularly relevant when there is a moral imperative for acting (e.g., vaccination and blood donation) [17]. In the context of COVID-19, messaging from public health authorities on COVID-19-preventive behaviors has focused on protecting the vulnerable (e.g., immunosuppressed individuals, those with underlying health conditions, and the elderly) [3]. On this basis, we reasoned that moral norm would constitute a highly relevant determinant of social distancing intention and behavior in the context of the pandemic. In addition, anticipated regret has been shown to predict behaviors perceived likely to have adverse consequences or result in significant losses if not performed [17]. Failure to perform social distancing behaviors may be perceived as having highly undesirable consequences, such as becoming infected or infecting vulnerable others. We, therefore, included moral norm and anticipated regret as additional predictors of intention to perform social distancing behavior in our integrated model.\nResearchers have applied “dual-phase” models as a means to resolve the limitation of the intention–behavior “gap.” Models like the model of action phases [18] and the health action process approach (HAPA) [19] propose that individuals need to augment their intentions with action plans in order to enact them. Action plans reflect the extent to which individuals have specified when, where, and how they will perform the intended behavior. The model of action phases [18] suggests that individuals will more likely enact their intentions if they form an action plan, so action plans are proposed to moderate the intention–behavior relationship. By contrast, the HAPA suggests that planning is part of the process of intention enactment such that action plans mediate the intention–behavior relationship [19]. Meta-analyses of studies in health behavior have supported both processes [20, 21], and we aimed to test both in our proposed integrated model of social distancing behavior.\nWhile social cognition theories like the theory of planned behavior assume participation in health behavior to be a reasoned process, research applying such theories has shown that past behavior remains a pervasive determinant of behavior alongside the theory constructs [22, 23]. The inclusion of past behavior as an independent behavioral predictor in a social cognition theory is important because it provides a test of its sufficiency in accounting for unique variance in behavior. However, residual effects of past behavior on behavior are also assumed to model the effects of other unmeasured constructs on behavior [23]. One candidate construct is habit, which reflects the “nonconscious” or “automatic” enactment of a behavior developed through its repeated performance in stable contexts [24, 25]. Research examining the effects of habit in the context of social cognition theories has examined how self-reports of experiencing the behavior as “automatic” and “unthinking” predict health behavior independent of intentions [26]. The introduction of habit in our augmented model, therefore, may provide important information on the extent to which social distancing behavior is determined by reasoned or nonconscious processes [27]."}

LitCovid-PubTator

{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"42","span":{"begin":1119,"end":1122},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"43","span":{"begin":1136,"end":1139},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"47","span":{"begin":2458,"end":2466},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"48","span":{"begin":2512,"end":2520},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"49","span":{"begin":3142,"end":3150},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A47","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"47","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A48","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"48","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A49","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"49","obj":"MESH:D007239"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"Social Distancing Determinants: An Integrated Social Cognition Approach\nResearch examining health behavior determinants has a long tradition of applying social cognition theories [12], which assume health behavior enactment is a reasoned process determined by beliefs, such as risk perception, attitude, social norm, and perceptions of control or self-efficacy. A prototypical social cognition approach is offered by the theory of planned behavior [13]. In the theory, individuals’ intention to perform the target behavior is proposed as the most proximal determinant of the performance of a future target behavior. Intention is a function of three constructs that summarize sets of beliefs regarding the future behavior: attitude (beliefs that the behavior will have advantageous or disadvantageous consequences), subjective norm (beliefs that significant others express support for performing the behavior), and perceived behavioral control (PBC; beliefs in the capacity to perform the behavior and to overcome barriers to the behavior). Intention is proposed to mediate the effects of attitude, subjective norm, and PBC on behavior. PBC is also proposed to predict behavior directly when it approximates actual control. Theory predictions have been supported in correlational and prospective research across multiple behaviors, contexts, and populations [14].\nWhile the elegant parsimony of the theory of planned behavior is appealing, it is not without limitations. Research applying the theory has indicated that substantive variance in health behavior remains unexplained [14]. In addition, the size of the effect of intention on health behavior is often modest, suggesting a “shortfall” in those who report an intention to perform the behavior and those who act on their intention [15]. Researchers have, therefore, proposed modifications to the theory to resolve these limitations, such as integrating additional constructs from other theories, in the theory to predict behavior more effectively and address the intention–behavior “gap” [16].\nIntroducing additional constructs to the theory is one approach to increasing explained variance in health behavior. For example, researchers have examined relations between moral norms, an additional form of normative influence, and health behavior. Moral norms are considered particularly relevant when there is a moral imperative for acting (e.g., vaccination and blood donation) [17]. In the context of COVID-19, messaging from public health authorities on COVID-19-preventive behaviors has focused on protecting the vulnerable (e.g., immunosuppressed individuals, those with underlying health conditions, and the elderly) [3]. On this basis, we reasoned that moral norm would constitute a highly relevant determinant of social distancing intention and behavior in the context of the pandemic. In addition, anticipated regret has been shown to predict behaviors perceived likely to have adverse consequences or result in significant losses if not performed [17]. Failure to perform social distancing behaviors may be perceived as having highly undesirable consequences, such as becoming infected or infecting vulnerable others. We, therefore, included moral norm and anticipated regret as additional predictors of intention to perform social distancing behavior in our integrated model.\nResearchers have applied “dual-phase” models as a means to resolve the limitation of the intention–behavior “gap.” Models like the model of action phases [18] and the health action process approach (HAPA) [19] propose that individuals need to augment their intentions with action plans in order to enact them. Action plans reflect the extent to which individuals have specified when, where, and how they will perform the intended behavior. The model of action phases [18] suggests that individuals will more likely enact their intentions if they form an action plan, so action plans are proposed to moderate the intention–behavior relationship. By contrast, the HAPA suggests that planning is part of the process of intention enactment such that action plans mediate the intention–behavior relationship [19]. Meta-analyses of studies in health behavior have supported both processes [20, 21], and we aimed to test both in our proposed integrated model of social distancing behavior.\nWhile social cognition theories like the theory of planned behavior assume participation in health behavior to be a reasoned process, research applying such theories has shown that past behavior remains a pervasive determinant of behavior alongside the theory constructs [22, 23]. The inclusion of past behavior as an independent behavioral predictor in a social cognition theory is important because it provides a test of its sufficiency in accounting for unique variance in behavior. However, residual effects of past behavior on behavior are also assumed to model the effects of other unmeasured constructs on behavior [23]. One candidate construct is habit, which reflects the “nonconscious” or “automatic” enactment of a behavior developed through its repeated performance in stable contexts [24, 25]. Research examining the effects of habit in the context of social cognition theories has examined how self-reports of experiencing the behavior as “automatic” and “unthinking” predict health behavior independent of intentions [26]. The introduction of habit in our augmented model, therefore, may provide important information on the extent to which social distancing behavior is determined by reasoned or nonconscious processes [27]."}

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

LitCovid-sentences

2_test

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"32914831-9639861-2620050","span":{"begin":1789,"end":1791},"obj":"9639861"},{"id":"32914831-32553130-2620051","span":{"begin":2679,"end":2680},"obj":"32553130"},{"id":"32914831-30973747-2620052","span":{"begin":4226,"end":4228},"obj":"30973747"},{"id":"32914831-28737111-2620053","span":{"begin":5123,"end":5125},"obj":"28737111"},{"id":"32914831-20658824-2620054","span":{"begin":5358,"end":5360},"obj":"20658824"}],"text":"Social Distancing Determinants: An Integrated Social Cognition Approach\nResearch examining health behavior determinants has a long tradition of applying social cognition theories [12], which assume health behavior enactment is a reasoned process determined by beliefs, such as risk perception, attitude, social norm, and perceptions of control or self-efficacy. A prototypical social cognition approach is offered by the theory of planned behavior [13]. In the theory, individuals’ intention to perform the target behavior is proposed as the most proximal determinant of the performance of a future target behavior. Intention is a function of three constructs that summarize sets of beliefs regarding the future behavior: attitude (beliefs that the behavior will have advantageous or disadvantageous consequences), subjective norm (beliefs that significant others express support for performing the behavior), and perceived behavioral control (PBC; beliefs in the capacity to perform the behavior and to overcome barriers to the behavior). Intention is proposed to mediate the effects of attitude, subjective norm, and PBC on behavior. PBC is also proposed to predict behavior directly when it approximates actual control. Theory predictions have been supported in correlational and prospective research across multiple behaviors, contexts, and populations [14].\nWhile the elegant parsimony of the theory of planned behavior is appealing, it is not without limitations. Research applying the theory has indicated that substantive variance in health behavior remains unexplained [14]. In addition, the size of the effect of intention on health behavior is often modest, suggesting a “shortfall” in those who report an intention to perform the behavior and those who act on their intention [15]. Researchers have, therefore, proposed modifications to the theory to resolve these limitations, such as integrating additional constructs from other theories, in the theory to predict behavior more effectively and address the intention–behavior “gap” [16].\nIntroducing additional constructs to the theory is one approach to increasing explained variance in health behavior. For example, researchers have examined relations between moral norms, an additional form of normative influence, and health behavior. Moral norms are considered particularly relevant when there is a moral imperative for acting (e.g., vaccination and blood donation) [17]. In the context of COVID-19, messaging from public health authorities on COVID-19-preventive behaviors has focused on protecting the vulnerable (e.g., immunosuppressed individuals, those with underlying health conditions, and the elderly) [3]. On this basis, we reasoned that moral norm would constitute a highly relevant determinant of social distancing intention and behavior in the context of the pandemic. In addition, anticipated regret has been shown to predict behaviors perceived likely to have adverse consequences or result in significant losses if not performed [17]. Failure to perform social distancing behaviors may be perceived as having highly undesirable consequences, such as becoming infected or infecting vulnerable others. We, therefore, included moral norm and anticipated regret as additional predictors of intention to perform social distancing behavior in our integrated model.\nResearchers have applied “dual-phase” models as a means to resolve the limitation of the intention–behavior “gap.” Models like the model of action phases [18] and the health action process approach (HAPA) [19] propose that individuals need to augment their intentions with action plans in order to enact them. Action plans reflect the extent to which individuals have specified when, where, and how they will perform the intended behavior. The model of action phases [18] suggests that individuals will more likely enact their intentions if they form an action plan, so action plans are proposed to moderate the intention–behavior relationship. By contrast, the HAPA suggests that planning is part of the process of intention enactment such that action plans mediate the intention–behavior relationship [19]. Meta-analyses of studies in health behavior have supported both processes [20, 21], and we aimed to test both in our proposed integrated model of social distancing behavior.\nWhile social cognition theories like the theory of planned behavior assume participation in health behavior to be a reasoned process, research applying such theories has shown that past behavior remains a pervasive determinant of behavior alongside the theory constructs [22, 23]. The inclusion of past behavior as an independent behavioral predictor in a social cognition theory is important because it provides a test of its sufficiency in accounting for unique variance in behavior. However, residual effects of past behavior on behavior are also assumed to model the effects of other unmeasured constructs on behavior [23]. One candidate construct is habit, which reflects the “nonconscious” or “automatic” enactment of a behavior developed through its repeated performance in stable contexts [24, 25]. Research examining the effects of habit in the context of social cognition theories has examined how self-reports of experiencing the behavior as “automatic” and “unthinking” predict health behavior independent of intentions [26]. The introduction of habit in our augmented model, therefore, may provide important information on the extent to which social distancing behavior is determined by reasoned or nonconscious processes [27]."}

PMC:7543267 / 6177-11742 JSONTXT

Annnotations TAB JSON ListView MergeView

PMC:7543267 / 6177-11742 JSON TXT