PMC:7537941 / 16200-19834
Annnotations
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | fma_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T87 | 10-17 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T88 | 306-313 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T89 | 333-340 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T90 | 417-424 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T91 | 447-454 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T92 | 749-755 | Body_part | denotes | tissue | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9637 |
T93 | 809-813 | Body_part | denotes | lung | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195 |
T94 | 872-876 | Body_part | denotes | lung | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195 |
T95 | 910-928 | Body_part | denotes | lipopolysaccharide | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82785 |
T96 | 941-945 | Body_part | denotes | lung | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195 |
T97 | 1273-1292 | Body_part | denotes | alveolar epithelium | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63915 |
T98 | 1282-1292 | Body_part | denotes | epithelium | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9639 |
T99 | 1985-1989 | Body_part | denotes | lung | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195 |
LitCovid-PD-UBERON
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | uberon_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T30 | 749-755 | Body_part | denotes | tissue | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000479 |
T31 | 809-813 | Body_part | denotes | lung | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 |
T32 | 872-876 | Body_part | denotes | lung | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 |
T33 | 941-945 | Body_part | denotes | lung | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 |
T34 | 1282-1292 | Body_part | denotes | epithelium | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000483 |
T35 | 1985-1989 | Body_part | denotes | lung | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 |
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | mondo_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T127 | 756-762 | Disease | denotes | injury | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178 |
T128 | 814-820 | Disease | denotes | injury | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178 |
T129 | 877-883 | Disease | denotes | injury | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178 |
T130 | 946-952 | Disease | denotes | injury | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178 |
T131 | 954-988 | Disease | denotes | Streptococcus pneumoniae infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005114 |
T132 | 979-988 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
T133 | 1746-1765 | Disease | denotes | respiratory failure | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021113 |
T134 | 1793-1803 | Disease | denotes | Infectious | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
T135 | 1990-1996 | Disease | denotes | injury | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178 |
T136 | 2035-2039 | Disease | denotes | ARDS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502 |
T137 | 2139-2143 | Disease | denotes | ARDS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006502 |
T138 | 2908-2916 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T139 | 2917-2926 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249 |
T140 | 3367-3375 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
LitCovid-PD-CLO
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T159 | 0-9 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | Activated |
T160 | 30-31 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T161 | 131-134 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
T162 | 226-235 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | activated |
T163 | 346-355 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | activated |
T164 | 676-677 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T165 | 809-813 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 | denotes | lung |
T166 | 809-813 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 | denotes | lung |
T167 | 872-876 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 | denotes | lung |
T168 | 872-876 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 | denotes | lung |
T169 | 941-945 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 | denotes | lung |
T170 | 941-945 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 | denotes | lung |
T171 | 1149-1157 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | activity |
T172 | 1282-1292 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000483 | denotes | epithelium |
T173 | 1348-1358 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | activation |
T174 | 1464-1467 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
T175 | 1591-1600 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | activated |
T176 | 1767-1769 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 | denotes | 22 |
T177 | 1970-1980 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | activation |
T178 | 1985-1989 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 | denotes | lung |
T179 | 1985-1989 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 | denotes | lung |
T180 | 2007-2008 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T181 | 2018-2020 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050509 | denotes | 27 |
T182 | 2053-2054 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T183 | 2229-2230 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T184 | 2713-2716 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
T185 | 2748-2749 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T186 | 2846-2847 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T187 | 2857-2858 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T188 | 3213-3221 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | activity |
T189 | 3347-3348 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T190 | 3364-3366 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 | denotes | 11 |
LitCovid-PubTator
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | tao:has_database_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
495 | 20-23 | Gene | denotes | APC | Gene:324 |
496 | 237-245 | Gene | denotes | thrombin | Gene:2147 |
497 | 255-269 | Gene | denotes | thrombomodulin | Gene:7056 |
498 | 294-324 | Gene | denotes | endothelial protein C receptor | Gene:10544 |
499 | 326-330 | Gene | denotes | EPCR | Gene:10544 |
500 | 357-360 | Gene | denotes | APC | Gene:324 |
501 | 379-383 | Gene | denotes | EPCR | Gene:10544 |
502 | 554-562 | Gene | denotes | thrombin | Gene:2147 |
503 | 699-702 | Gene | denotes | APC | Gene:324 |
504 | 1113-1121 | Gene | denotes | thrombin | Gene:2147 |
505 | 1050-1058 | Gene | denotes | thrombin | Gene:2147 |
506 | 575-578 | Gene | denotes | APC | Gene:324 |
507 | 846-852 | Species | denotes | murine | Tax:10090 |
508 | 443-446 | Gene | denotes | APC | Gene:324 |
509 | 438-442 | Gene | denotes | EPCR | Gene:10544 |
510 | 910-928 | Chemical | denotes | lipopolysaccharide | MESH:D008070 |
511 | 178-184 | Disease | denotes | sepsis | MESH:D018805 |
512 | 732-762 | Disease | denotes | rhAPC attenuates tissue injury | MESH:C538265 |
513 | 798-804 | Disease | denotes | sepsis | MESH:D018805 |
514 | 809-820 | Disease | denotes | lung injury | MESH:D055370 |
515 | 872-883 | Disease | denotes | lung injury | MESH:D055370 |
516 | 941-952 | Disease | denotes | lung injury | MESH:D055370 |
517 | 954-988 | Disease | denotes | Streptococcus pneumoniae infection | MESH:D011008 |
551 | 1460-1463 | Gene | denotes | APC | Gene:324 |
552 | 2304-2307 | Gene | denotes | APC | Gene:324 |
553 | 3287-3290 | Gene | denotes | APC | Gene:11789 |
554 | 2094-2097 | Gene | denotes | APC | Gene:324 |
555 | 1946-1949 | Gene | denotes | APC | Gene:324 |
556 | 1871-1874 | Gene | denotes | APC | Gene:324 |
557 | 1664-1672 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
558 | 2021-2029 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
559 | 2144-2152 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
560 | 2164-2172 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
561 | 2276-2288 | Species | denotes | participants | Tax:9606 |
562 | 2378-2386 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
563 | 2522-2530 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
564 | 2662-2669 | Species | denotes | patient | Tax:9606 |
565 | 3316-3320 | Species | denotes | mice | Tax:10090 |
566 | 1651-1660 | Disease | denotes | mortality | MESH:D003643 |
567 | 1678-1684 | Disease | denotes | sepsis | MESH:D018805 |
568 | 1746-1765 | Disease | denotes | respiratory failure | MESH:D012131 |
569 | 1793-1812 | Disease | denotes | Infectious Diseases | MESH:D003141 |
570 | 1907-1919 | Disease | denotes | septic shock | MESH:D012772 |
571 | 1985-1996 | Disease | denotes | lung injury | MESH:D055370 |
572 | 2035-2039 | Disease | denotes | ARDS | MESH:D012128 |
573 | 2139-2143 | Disease | denotes | ARDS | MESH:D012128 |
574 | 2178-2184 | Disease | denotes | sepsis | MESH:D018805 |
575 | 2204-2209 | Disease | denotes | death | MESH:D003643 |
576 | 2343-2351 | Disease | denotes | bleeding | MESH:D006470 |
577 | 2399-2405 | Disease | denotes | sepsis | MESH:D018805 |
578 | 2409-2421 | Disease | denotes | septic shock | MESH:D012772 |
579 | 2536-2548 | Disease | denotes | septic shock | MESH:D012772 |
580 | 2908-2926 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 pneumonia | MESH:C000657245 |
581 | 3009-3017 | Disease | denotes | bleeding | MESH:D006470 |
582 | 3133-3141 | Disease | denotes | bleeding | MESH:D006470 |
583 | 3324-3330 | Disease | denotes | sepsis | MESH:D018805 |
592 | 3416-3419 | Gene | denotes | APC | Gene:324 |
593 | 3466-3469 | Gene | denotes | APC | Gene:324 |
594 | 3376-3384 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
595 | 3447-3455 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
596 | 3501-3509 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
597 | 3367-3375 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
598 | 3535-3547 | Disease | denotes | septic shock | MESH:D012772 |
599 | 3567-3572 | Disease | denotes | death | MESH:D003643 |
LitCovid-PD-GO-BP
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T86 | 61-72 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050817 | denotes | coagulation |
T87 | 203-214 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050817 | denotes | coagulation |
T88 | 1336-1347 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050817 | denotes | coagulation |
T89 | 1958-1969 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050817 | denotes | coagulation |
T90 | 3199-3221 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050819 | denotes | anticoagulant activity |
MyTest
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
33004529-15550023-29393015 | 186-188 | 15550023 | denotes | 54 |
33004529-16215381-29393015 | 186-188 | 16215381 | denotes | 54 |
33004529-9198130-29393016 | 517-519 | 9198130 | denotes | 57 |
33004529-9198130-29393017 | 639-641 | 9198130 | denotes | 57 |
33004529-14592828-29393018 | 643-645 | 14592828 | denotes | 58 |
33004529-3102560-29393019 | 822-824 | 3102560 | denotes | 59 |
33004529-8555486-29393019 | 822-824 | 8555486 | denotes | 59 |
33004529-11401891-29393019 | 822-824 | 11401891 | denotes | 59 |
33004529-19740417-29393020 | 1159-1161 | 19740417 | denotes | 46 |
33004529-19740417-29393021 | 1216-1218 | 19740417 | denotes | 46 |
33004529-15891319-29393022 | 1767-1769 | 15891319 | denotes | 22 |
33004529-17278083-29393023 | 1932-1934 | 17278083 | denotes | 62 |
33004529-23433188-29393024 | 2041-2043 | 23433188 | denotes | 63 |
33004529-24632673-29393025 | 2045-2047 | 24632673 | denotes | 64 |
33004529-18565951-29393026 | 2154-2156 | 18565951 | denotes | 65 |
33004529-16192478-29393027 | 2211-2213 | 16192478 | denotes | 66 |
33004529-23826709-29393028 | 2818-2820 | 23826709 | denotes | 68 |
33004529-17893198-29393029 | 3223-3225 | 17893198 | denotes | 69 |
33004529-17893198-29393030 | 3339-3341 | 17893198 | denotes | 69 |
33004529-32302438-29393031 | 3428-3430 | 32302438 | denotes | 70 |
LitCovid-PD-HP
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | hp_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T66 | 178-184 | Phenotype | denotes | sepsis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100806 |
T67 | 798-804 | Phenotype | denotes | sepsis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100806 |
T68 | 968-978 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumoniae | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |
T69 | 1678-1684 | Phenotype | denotes | sepsis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100806 |
T70 | 1746-1765 | Phenotype | denotes | respiratory failure | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002878 |
T71 | 1914-1919 | Phenotype | denotes | shock | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031273 |
T72 | 2178-2184 | Phenotype | denotes | sepsis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100806 |
T73 | 2399-2405 | Phenotype | denotes | sepsis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100806 |
T74 | 2416-2421 | Phenotype | denotes | shock | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031273 |
T75 | 2453-2458 | Phenotype | denotes | Shock | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031273 |
T76 | 2543-2548 | Phenotype | denotes | shock | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031273 |
T77 | 2917-2926 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |
T78 | 3324-3330 | Phenotype | denotes | sepsis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100806 |
T79 | 3542-3547 | Phenotype | denotes | shock | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031273 |
2_test
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
33004529-15550023-29393015 | 186-188 | 15550023 | denotes | 54 |
33004529-16215381-29393015 | 186-188 | 16215381 | denotes | 54 |
33004529-9198130-29393016 | 517-519 | 9198130 | denotes | 57 |
33004529-9198130-29393017 | 639-641 | 9198130 | denotes | 57 |
33004529-14592828-29393018 | 643-645 | 14592828 | denotes | 58 |
33004529-3102560-29393019 | 822-824 | 3102560 | denotes | 59 |
33004529-8555486-29393019 | 822-824 | 8555486 | denotes | 59 |
33004529-11401891-29393019 | 822-824 | 11401891 | denotes | 59 |
33004529-19740417-29393020 | 1159-1161 | 19740417 | denotes | 46 |
33004529-19740417-29393021 | 1216-1218 | 19740417 | denotes | 46 |
33004529-15891319-29393022 | 1767-1769 | 15891319 | denotes | 22 |
33004529-17278083-29393023 | 1932-1934 | 17278083 | denotes | 62 |
33004529-23433188-29393024 | 2041-2043 | 23433188 | denotes | 63 |
33004529-24632673-29393025 | 2045-2047 | 24632673 | denotes | 64 |
33004529-18565951-29393026 | 2154-2156 | 18565951 | denotes | 65 |
33004529-16192478-29393027 | 2211-2213 | 16192478 | denotes | 66 |
33004529-23826709-29393028 | 2818-2820 | 23826709 | denotes | 68 |
33004529-17893198-29393029 | 3223-3225 | 17893198 | denotes | 69 |
33004529-17893198-29393030 | 3339-3341 | 17893198 | denotes | 69 |
33004529-32302438-29393031 | 3428-3430 | 32302438 | denotes | 70 |
LitCovid-sentences
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T92 | 0-19 | Sentence | denotes | Activated protein C |
T93 | 20-193 | Sentence | denotes | APC plays a critical role in terminating coagulation by proteolytically inactivating factors Va and VIIIa, and has been widely investigated in the context of sepsis [54–56]. |
T94 | 194-356 | Sentence | denotes | Once the coagulation cascade is activated, thrombin binds to thrombomodulin and, facilitated by the endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR), protein C is activated. |
T95 | 357-574 | Sentence | denotes | APC then binds to the EPCR and, together with its co-factor protein S, forms the EPCR-APC-protein S complex that binds and degrades factor Va and factor VIIIa [57], providing negative feedback for thrombin generation. |
T96 | 575-647 | Sentence | denotes | APC also exerts pro-fibrinolytic and anti-inflammatory effects [57, 58]. |
T97 | 648-829 | Sentence | denotes | Preclinical studies support a beneficial effect of APC administration, showing that rhAPC attenuates tissue injury and improves survival in models of sepsis and lung injury [59–61]. |
T98 | 830-1220 | Sentence | denotes | For example, in murine models of indirect lung injury (intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide) and direct lung injury (Streptococcus pneumoniae infection), nebulised rhAPC specifically reduced local bronchoalveolar thrombin and fibrin generation without affecting intravascular thrombin generation or fibrinolytic activity [46] and without adversely affecting bacterial clearance [46]. |
T99 | 1221-1393 | Sentence | denotes | This provides proof-of-principle that targeting the alveolar epithelium locally with nebulised rhAPC can attenuate coagulation activation without compromising host defence. |
T100 | 1394-1500 | Sentence | denotes | In clinical studies, systemic, rather than nebulised, delivery of APC has had initially promising results. |
T101 | 1501-1771 | Sentence | denotes | In the original landmark PROWESS study, intravenous infusion of rhAPC (drotrecogin alpha (activated) (DrotAA)) significantly reduced 28-day all-cause mortality in patients with sepsis (secondary to CAP) by 28% and reduced the resolution time of respiratory failure [22]. |
T102 | 1772-1936 | Sentence | denotes | This resulted in the Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society recommending APC for the treatment of refractory septic shock due to CAP [62]. |
T103 | 1937-2215 | Sentence | denotes | Although APC reduced coagulation activation and lung injury scores in a study of 27 patients with ARDS [63, 64], in a subsequent randomised controlled trial APC did not improve the clinical outcomes of ARDS patients [65] or of patients with sepsis and low of risk of death [66]. |
T104 | 2216-2427 | Sentence | denotes | Furthermore, a meta-analysis of five studies involving 5101 participants concluded that APC was associated with higher risk of bleeding and should not be used in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock [67]. |
T105 | 2428-2621 | Sentence | denotes | Importantly, the PROWESS-Shock study [55] failed to demonstrate an improvement in survival in patients with septic shock and eventually led to the withdrawal of DrotAA (Xigris) from the market. |
T106 | 2622-2927 | Sentence | denotes | However, the significant differences in patient characteristics between the PROWESS trials has led to the recommendation that a trial of DrotAA should be repeated using an optimised study design [68], and this could include a trial in a less heterogeneous high-risk population, such as COVID-19 pneumonia. |
T107 | 2928-3113 | Sentence | denotes | The preclinical and clinical data suggest nebulised rhAPC may not carry the same bleeding liability as intravenous administration and may be an appropriate route of drug administration. |
T108 | 3114-3343 | Sentence | denotes | Alternatively, the bleeding risk could be mitigated using an rhAPC variant with <10% anticoagulant activity [69], which in preclinical studies was as effective as wild-type APC in improving survival of mice in sepsis models [69]. |
T109 | 3344-3634 | Sentence | denotes | In a small study of 11 COVID-19 patients, most had increased endogenous APC levels [70]; however, four patients had lower APC levels and in this subgroup of patients, particularly those with septic shock or at high risk of death, administration of rhAPC might warrant further investigation. |