PMC:7537094 / 102246-105436 JSONTXT

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T183","span":{"begin":235,"end":243},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T184","span":{"begin":484,"end":492},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T185","span":{"begin":681,"end":689},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T186","span":{"begin":878,"end":882},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T187","span":{"begin":1310,"end":1334},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T188","span":{"begin":2030,"end":2038},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A183","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T183","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A184","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T184","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A185","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T185","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A186","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T186","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A187","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T187","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A188","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T188","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"}],"text":"A patient rendered vulnerable by comorbidities may be considered ineligible for the application of “intensive care treatments, in exceptional, resource limited circumstances.”156 Vergano, et al., op. cit. note 149, p. 1.\nWithin Italy, COVID‐19 deaths were mainly observed among older, male patients who were also suffering from multiple comorbidities.157 Onder, G., Rezza, G., \u0026 Brusaferro, S. (2020, March 23). Case‐Fatality Rate and Characteristics of Patients Dying in Relation to COVID‐19 in Italy. JAMA. Retrieved April 15, 2020, from http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.4683\nAccording to another study, “the existence of comorbidities increases the probability of dying from COVID‐19 by 2.4 times compared to those who do not have pre‐existing conditions.”158 Espinosa, O.A., et al. (2020, June 22). Prevalence of Comorbidities in Patients and Mortality Cases Affected by SARS‐CoV2: a Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Såo Paulo vol.62 São Paulo. Retrieved May 2, 2020, from https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678‐9946202062043\nIn the United States, a study showed deaths were 12 times higher among patients with reported underlying conditions compared with those without reported underlying conditions (19.5% versus 1.6%).159 Stokes, E.K., et al. (2020, June 19). Coronavirus Disease 2019 Case Surveillance — United States, January 22–May 30, 2020. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 69(24), 759–765. Retrieved June 30, 2020, from http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6924e2\nResearch findings such as these resulted in elderly patients being refused ventilatory support in Italy.160 Bosotti, A. (2020). Coronavirus Horror: Over‐70s Left to Die in Italy as Doctors Told Focus on Young Patients. Express. Retrieved April 15, 2020, from https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1257840/Coronavirus‐news‐Italy‐over‐70s‐dead‐covid‐19‐death‐toll‐Bergamo‐funeral‐latest\nThe Independent reported that a doctor gave an account of medics being forced to ration care to patients in the wake of the COVID‐19 outbreak such that elderly patients were being denied care based on their age and whether they had other conditions or not: “In Bologna, we are working with 80‐years‐old as our cut off, but between 65 and 80‐years‐old we still consider comorbidities.”161 Lintern, S. (2020, March 13). ‘We are making difficult choices’: Italian doctor tells of struggle against coronavirus. Independent. Retrieved August 16, 2020, from https://www.independent.co.uk/news/health/coronavirus‐italy‐hospitals‐doctor‐lockdown‐quarantine‐intensive‐care‐a9401186.html\nThere are similar accounts pertaining to Sweden’s Karolinska Institute.162 Habib, H. (2020, April 13). ‘I’ve never written so many death certificates’: Is Sweden having second thoughts on lockdown? Independent. Retrieved August 25, 2020, from https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/sweden‐coronavirus‐lockdown‐doctor‐death‐certificates‐latest‐a9462796.html\n, 163 Svensson, O. (2020, April 9) Dokument visar: De prioriteras bort från intensivvård. Aftonbladet. Retrieved August 25, 2020, from https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/samhalle/a/lAyePy/dokument‐visar‐de‐prioriteras‐bort‐fran‐intensivvard"}

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(2020, March 23). Case‐Fatality Rate and Characteristics of Patients Dying in Relation to COVID‐19 in Italy. JAMA. Retrieved April 15, 2020, from http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.4683\nAccording to another study, “the existence of comorbidities increases the probability of dying from COVID‐19 by 2.4 times compared to those who do not have pre‐existing conditions.”158 Espinosa, O.A., et al. (2020, June 22). Prevalence of Comorbidities in Patients and Mortality Cases Affected by SARS‐CoV2: a Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Såo Paulo vol.62 São Paulo. Retrieved May 2, 2020, from https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678‐9946202062043\nIn the United States, a study showed deaths were 12 times higher among patients with reported underlying conditions compared with those without reported underlying conditions (19.5% versus 1.6%).159 Stokes, E.K., et al. (2020, June 19). Coronavirus Disease 2019 Case Surveillance — United States, January 22–May 30, 2020. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 69(24), 759–765. Retrieved June 30, 2020, from http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6924e2\nResearch findings such as these resulted in elderly patients being refused ventilatory support in Italy.160 Bosotti, A. (2020). Coronavirus Horror: Over‐70s Left to Die in Italy as Doctors Told Focus on Young Patients. Express. Retrieved April 15, 2020, from https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1257840/Coronavirus‐news‐Italy‐over‐70s‐dead‐covid‐19‐death‐toll‐Bergamo‐funeral‐latest\nThe Independent reported that a doctor gave an account of medics being forced to ration care to patients in the wake of the COVID‐19 outbreak such that elderly patients were being denied care based on their age and whether they had other conditions or not: “In Bologna, we are working with 80‐years‐old as our cut off, but between 65 and 80‐years‐old we still consider comorbidities.”161 Lintern, S. 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(2020, March 23). Case‐Fatality Rate and Characteristics of Patients Dying in Relation to COVID‐19 in Italy. JAMA. Retrieved April 15, 2020, from http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.4683\nAccording to another study, “the existence of comorbidities increases the probability of dying from COVID‐19 by 2.4 times compared to those who do not have pre‐existing conditions.”158 Espinosa, O.A., et al. (2020, June 22). Prevalence of Comorbidities in Patients and Mortality Cases Affected by SARS‐CoV2: a Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Såo Paulo vol.62 São Paulo. Retrieved May 2, 2020, from https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678‐9946202062043\nIn the United States, a study showed deaths were 12 times higher among patients with reported underlying conditions compared with those without reported underlying conditions (19.5% versus 1.6%).159 Stokes, E.K., et al. (2020, June 19). Coronavirus Disease 2019 Case Surveillance — United States, January 22–May 30, 2020. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 69(24), 759–765. Retrieved June 30, 2020, from http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6924e2\nResearch findings such as these resulted in elderly patients being refused ventilatory support in Italy.160 Bosotti, A. (2020). Coronavirus Horror: Over‐70s Left to Die in Italy as Doctors Told Focus on Young Patients. Express. Retrieved April 15, 2020, from https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1257840/Coronavirus‐news‐Italy‐over‐70s‐dead‐covid‐19‐death‐toll‐Bergamo‐funeral‐latest\nThe Independent reported that a doctor gave an account of medics being forced to ration care to patients in the wake of the COVID‐19 outbreak such that elderly patients were being denied care based on their age and whether they had other conditions or not: “In Bologna, we are working with 80‐years‐old as our cut off, but between 65 and 80‐years‐old we still consider comorbidities.”161 Lintern, S. (2020, March 13). ‘We are making difficult choices’: Italian doctor tells of struggle against coronavirus. Independent. Retrieved August 16, 2020, from https://www.independent.co.uk/news/health/coronavirus‐italy‐hospitals‐doctor‐lockdown‐quarantine‐intensive‐care‐a9401186.html\nThere are similar accounts pertaining to Sweden’s Karolinska Institute.162 Habib, H. (2020, April 13). ‘I’ve never written so many death certificates’: Is Sweden having second thoughts on lockdown? Independent. Retrieved August 25, 2020, from https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/sweden‐coronavirus‐lockdown‐doctor‐death‐certificates‐latest‐a9462796.html\n, 163 Svensson, O. (2020, April 9) Dokument visar: De prioriteras bort från intensivvård. Aftonbladet. Retrieved August 25, 2020, from https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/samhalle/a/lAyePy/dokument‐visar‐de‐prioriteras‐bort‐fran‐intensivvard"}