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LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T2 1251-1255 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T3 2112-2117 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670
T4 4185-4189 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T5 4240-4245 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670
T6 4733-4737 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T7 5150-5154 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T8 5834-5838 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T2 1251-1255 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T3 2112-2117 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178
T4 4185-4189 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T5 4240-4245 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178
T6 4733-4737 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T7 5150-5154 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T8 5834-5838 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T2 4-12 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T3 862-865 Disease denotes HCP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007369
T4 2731-2734 Disease denotes CAN http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0012833
T5 3900-3908 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T6 5198-5206 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T7 5301-5309 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T4 22-25 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T5 126-129 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T6 452-453 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T7 637-643 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000968 denotes device
T8 740-741 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T9 1251-1255 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T10 1251-1255 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T11 1419-1424 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes Human
T12 1503-1506 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T13 1544-1546 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 denotes MD
T14 2078-2079 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T15 2112-2117 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T16 2112-2117 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 denotes blood
T17 2230-2232 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053799 denotes 45
T18 2264-2266 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054055 denotes 71
T19 4185-4189 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T20 4185-4189 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T21 4240-4245 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T22 4240-4245 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 denotes blood
T23 4284-4291 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T24 4362-4363 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T25 4467-4474 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T26 4548-4555 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T27 4651-4654 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T28 4700-4701 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T29 4733-4737 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T30 4733-4737 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T31 4814-4815 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T32 4949-4952 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T33 5150-5154 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T34 5150-5154 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T35 5247-5248 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T36 5834-5838 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T37 5834-5838 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T38 5863-5864 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T39 6068-6077 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000030 denotes objective

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T1 122-124 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T2 343-345 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T3 983-985 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T4 1354-1356 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T5 1405-1407 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T6 1488-1490 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T7 1544-1546 Chemical denotes MD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74699
T8 1745-1747 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T9 2021-2023 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T10 2482-2484 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T11 2630-2632 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T12 2687-2689 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T13 4178-4180 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T14 5144-5146 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T15 5396-5398 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T16 5532-5534 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T17 5697-5699 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T18 5801-5803 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T19 5996-5998 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700

LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
11 306-313 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
12 434-441 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
13 871-878 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
14 960-967 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
15 1063-1070 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
16 1087-1095 Species denotes Patients Tax:9606
17 1142-1150 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
18 4-12 Disease denotes COVID‐19 MESH:C000657245
19 1165-1185 Disease denotes respiratory symptoms MESH:D012818
28 1328-1336 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
29 1419-1424 Species denotes Human Tax:9606
30 2233-2240 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
31 2273-2281 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
32 2364-2372 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
33 2558-2566 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
34 2605-2613 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
35 2743-2750 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
37 3411-3418 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
39 2909-2916 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
41 3900-3908 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
44 4201-4209 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
45 4450-4458 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
49 4894-4901 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
50 5166-5174 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
51 5198-5206 Disease denotes COVID‐19 MESH:C000657245
57 5320-5328 Species denotes Patients Tax:9606
58 5472-5479 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
59 5880-5887 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
60 5960-5968 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
61 5301-5309 Disease denotes COVID‐19 MESH:C000657245

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 91-97 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098739 denotes uptake
T2 91-97 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098657 denotes uptake

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T1 2521-2539 Phenotype denotes social interaction http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0008763

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T4 0-76 Sentence denotes The COVID‐19 pandemic has necessitated rapid changes in healthcare delivery.
T5 77-260 Sentence denotes Historically, uptake of virtual health care (VH) has been low, especially in specialized clinics; for example, 0.5% of all billable services were provided virtually in Canada in 2015.
T6 261-522 Sentence denotes 1 Prior to March 2020, fewer than 5% of all patient visits in our clinic were by VH utilizing our health authority's approved platform; however, this platform required the patient to attend a remote healthcare facility, clearly undesirable during the pandemic.
T7 523-582 Sentence denotes We trialed various platforms including FaceTime® and Zoom®.
T8 583-708 Sentence denotes Barriers existed with both platforms such as specific device requirements, poor technology literacy, and/or privacy concerns.
T9 709-879 Sentence denotes Ultimately, our clinic adopted a web‐based platform (Doxy.me®) that allows for videoconferencing with end‐to‐end encryption between healthcare provider (HCP) and patient.
T10 880-1086 Sentence denotes Over the span of 2 weeks, our clinic transitioned to providing more than 90% of patient care utilizing VH, while maintaining usual clinic capacity of approximately 10 post‐transplant patient visits per day.
T11 1087-1224 Sentence denotes Patients transplanted within the previous 3 months and patients with unstable respiratory symptoms were prioritized for in‐person visits.
T12 1225-1357 Sentence denotes Our clinic cares for >300 lung transplant recipients over an extended geography in western Canada; all patients are eligible for VH.
T13 1358-1418 Sentence denotes Usual clinic workflow was modified to adapt to VH (Table 1).
T14 1419-1647 Sentence denotes Human resource modifications were negligible after implementation of VH; our clinic has 3.5 transplant coordinators (RNs), 1 MD per clinic day, and 1 PharmD; no additional support staff was needed during or after implementation.
T15 1648-1803 Sentence denotes Post‐visit satisfaction surveys adapted from Sidhu et al 2 were completed immediately following VH visits, these surveys are Research Ethics Board exempt.
T16 1804-1961 Sentence denotes After 6 weeks of data collection, 157 physician surveys were returned; 70% of visits have taken place by videoconference with the remaining 30% by telephone.
T17 1962-2041 Sentence denotes Physicians reported being satisfied or very satisfied with VH over 90% of time.
T18 2042-2134 Sentence denotes Physician dissatisfaction was often a result of missing or incomplete blood work or imaging.
T19 2135-2204 Sentence denotes Technical problems interfered with care goals in only 2.5% of visits.
T20 2205-2332 Sentence denotes In the same time period, 45 patient surveys were received, 71% from patients who live more than 150 kilometers from the clinic.
T21 2333-2451 Sentence denotes Compared to usual care, 91% of patients reported that the virtual visit was as good as or better than in‐person visit.
T22 2452-2633 Sentence denotes Fear of substandard care with VH compared to usual care, and lack of social interaction with other clinic patients and staff were identified by multiple patients as drawbacks of VH.
T23 2634-2846 Sentence denotes The median estimated out‐of‐pocket expense saved per VH visit compared with in‐person visits was CAN $75 per patient (range $0‐$1250), and the median estimated amount of time saved was 9 hours (range 0‐92 hours).
T24 2847-2934 Sentence denotes Table 1 Comparison of workflow between in‐person and virtual patient care appointments
T25 2935-2966 Sentence denotes Clinic Type In‐person Virtual
T26 2967-3018 Sentence denotes Routine pre‐clinic Investigation Performed locally
T27 3019-3095 Sentence denotes Specialized investigations performed at transplant center Performed locally
T28 3096-3125 Sentence denotes No specialized investigations
T29 3126-3201 Sentence denotes Clinic visit Spirometry performed on site immediately prior to appointment
T30 3202-3292 Sentence denotes Nursing assessment including vital signs, review of systems, and medication reconciliation
T31 3293-3509 Sentence denotes Pharmacist and physician assessment, including physical examination and documentation to health record Nurse reviews patient‐reported vital signs and home spirometry, review of systems, and medication reconciliation
T32 3510-3639 Sentence denotes Pharmacist and physician assessment, including modified physical examination (inspection only) and documentation to health record
T33 3640-3682 Sentence denotes Follow‐up Performed locally when possible
T34 3683-3749 Sentence denotes Telephone follow‐up when possible Performed locally when possible
T35 3750-3794 Sentence denotes Telephone or virtual follow‐up when possible
T36 3795-3942 Sentence denotes John Wiley & Sons, Ltd This article is being made freely available through PubMed Central as part of the COVID-19 public health emergency response.
T37 3943-4125 Sentence denotes It can be used for unrestricted research re-use and analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source, for the duration of the public health emergency.
T38 4126-4306 Sentence denotes Many barriers exist to successful implementation of VH for lung transplant patients given their frequent need for blood work, imaging, and pulmonary function testing or spirometry.
T39 4307-4506 Sentence denotes In our case, these challenges were mostly mitigated by a provincial electronic medical record for laboratory and radiology reporting, allowing patients to have testing performed in their local areas.
T40 4507-4630 Sentence denotes Clinic spirometry and pulmonary function testing were deferred when possible at the discretion of the transplant physician.
T41 4631-4759 Sentence denotes Virtual health care has been shown to be effective for management of a number of conditions including lung transplant follow‐up.
T42 4760-4937 Sentence denotes 2 , 3 However, concerns with privacy continue to be a consideration, as does the inability for physicians to physically examine the patient, which may lead to suboptimal care.
T43 4938-5069 Sentence denotes While this has not been demonstrated in the literature, few, if any, studies have been powered to capture this type of information.
T44 5070-5216 Sentence denotes There is no literature evaluating the outcomes of rapid implementation of VH in lung transplant patients as necessitated by the COVID‐19 pandemic.
T45 5217-5319 Sentence denotes Virtual health care will play a greater role in post‐transplant care even after the COVID‐19 pandemic.
T46 5320-5491 Sentence denotes Patients, HCPs, and health systems are likely to demand increased access to VH to reduce cost and time spent accessing care, and to improve the overall patient experience.
T47 5492-5670 Sentence denotes The greatest challenges associated with VH at this time appear to be technological barriers including inadequate technological infrastructure as well as poor technology literacy.
T48 5671-5762 Sentence denotes 4 Investment in improved VH infrastructure is needed to enable system‐wide implementation.
T49 5763-5915 Sentence denotes Our preliminary data demonstrate that VH can be rapidly implemented in lung transplant clinics with a high degree of patient and physician satisfaction.
T50 5916-6098 Sentence denotes Research is ongoing to identify the optimal patients and circumstances for whom VH‐based post‐transplant care may be implemented in the long term using objective clinical end points.