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LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T2 1254-1258 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T3 2115-2120 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670
T4 4188-4192 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T5 4243-4248 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670
T6 4736-4740 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T7 5153-5157 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T8 5837-5841 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T2 1254-1258 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T3 2115-2120 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178
T4 4188-4192 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T5 4243-4248 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178
T6 4736-4740 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T7 5153-5157 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T8 5837-5841 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T2 7-15 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T3 865-868 Disease denotes HCP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007369
T4 2734-2737 Disease denotes CAN http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0012833
T5 3903-3911 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T6 5201-5209 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T7 5304-5312 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T4 25-28 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T5 129-132 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T6 455-456 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T7 640-646 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000968 denotes device
T8 743-744 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T9 1254-1258 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T10 1254-1258 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T11 1422-1427 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes Human
T12 1506-1509 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T13 1547-1549 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 denotes MD
T14 2081-2082 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T15 2115-2120 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T16 2115-2120 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 denotes blood
T17 2233-2235 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053799 denotes 45
T18 2267-2269 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054055 denotes 71
T19 4188-4192 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T20 4188-4192 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T21 4243-4248 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T22 4243-4248 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 denotes blood
T23 4287-4294 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T24 4365-4366 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T25 4470-4477 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T26 4551-4558 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T27 4654-4657 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T28 4703-4704 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T29 4736-4740 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T30 4736-4740 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T31 4817-4818 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T32 4952-4955 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T33 5153-5157 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T34 5153-5157 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T35 5250-5251 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T36 5837-5841 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T37 5837-5841 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T38 5866-5867 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T39 6071-6080 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000030 denotes objective

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T1 125-127 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T2 346-348 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T3 986-988 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T4 1357-1359 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T5 1408-1410 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T6 1491-1493 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T7 1547-1549 Chemical denotes MD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74699
T8 1748-1750 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T9 2024-2026 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T10 2485-2487 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T11 2633-2635 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T12 2690-2692 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T13 4181-4183 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T14 5147-5149 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T15 5399-5401 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T16 5535-5537 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T17 5700-5702 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T18 5804-5806 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T19 5999-6001 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700

LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
11 309-316 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
12 437-444 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
13 874-881 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
14 963-970 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
15 1066-1073 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
16 1090-1098 Species denotes Patients Tax:9606
17 1145-1153 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
18 7-15 Disease denotes COVID‐19 MESH:C000657245
19 1168-1188 Disease denotes respiratory symptoms MESH:D012818
28 1331-1339 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
29 1422-1427 Species denotes Human Tax:9606
30 2236-2243 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
31 2276-2284 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
32 2367-2375 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
33 2561-2569 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
34 2608-2616 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
35 2746-2753 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
37 3414-3421 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
39 2912-2919 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
41 3903-3911 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
44 4204-4212 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
45 4453-4461 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
49 4897-4904 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
50 5169-5177 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
51 5201-5209 Disease denotes COVID‐19 MESH:C000657245
57 5323-5331 Species denotes Patients Tax:9606
58 5475-5482 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
59 5883-5890 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
60 5963-5971 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
61 5304-5312 Disease denotes COVID‐19 MESH:C000657245

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 94-100 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098739 denotes uptake
T2 94-100 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098657 denotes uptake

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T1 2524-2542 Phenotype denotes social interaction http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0008763

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T3 0-1 Sentence denotes 1
T4 3-79 Sentence denotes The COVID‐19 pandemic has necessitated rapid changes in healthcare delivery.
T5 80-263 Sentence denotes Historically, uptake of virtual health care (VH) has been low, especially in specialized clinics; for example, 0.5% of all billable services were provided virtually in Canada in 2015.
T6 264-525 Sentence denotes 1 Prior to March 2020, fewer than 5% of all patient visits in our clinic were by VH utilizing our health authority's approved platform; however, this platform required the patient to attend a remote healthcare facility, clearly undesirable during the pandemic.
T7 526-585 Sentence denotes We trialed various platforms including FaceTime® and Zoom®.
T8 586-711 Sentence denotes Barriers existed with both platforms such as specific device requirements, poor technology literacy, and/or privacy concerns.
T9 712-882 Sentence denotes Ultimately, our clinic adopted a web‐based platform (Doxy.me®) that allows for videoconferencing with end‐to‐end encryption between healthcare provider (HCP) and patient.
T10 883-1089 Sentence denotes Over the span of 2 weeks, our clinic transitioned to providing more than 90% of patient care utilizing VH, while maintaining usual clinic capacity of approximately 10 post‐transplant patient visits per day.
T11 1090-1227 Sentence denotes Patients transplanted within the previous 3 months and patients with unstable respiratory symptoms were prioritized for in‐person visits.
T12 1228-1360 Sentence denotes Our clinic cares for >300 lung transplant recipients over an extended geography in western Canada; all patients are eligible for VH.
T13 1361-1421 Sentence denotes Usual clinic workflow was modified to adapt to VH (Table 1).
T14 1422-1650 Sentence denotes Human resource modifications were negligible after implementation of VH; our clinic has 3.5 transplant coordinators (RNs), 1 MD per clinic day, and 1 PharmD; no additional support staff was needed during or after implementation.
T15 1651-1806 Sentence denotes Post‐visit satisfaction surveys adapted from Sidhu et al 2 were completed immediately following VH visits, these surveys are Research Ethics Board exempt.
T16 1807-1964 Sentence denotes After 6 weeks of data collection, 157 physician surveys were returned; 70% of visits have taken place by videoconference with the remaining 30% by telephone.
T17 1965-2044 Sentence denotes Physicians reported being satisfied or very satisfied with VH over 90% of time.
T18 2045-2137 Sentence denotes Physician dissatisfaction was often a result of missing or incomplete blood work or imaging.
T19 2138-2207 Sentence denotes Technical problems interfered with care goals in only 2.5% of visits.
T20 2208-2335 Sentence denotes In the same time period, 45 patient surveys were received, 71% from patients who live more than 150 kilometers from the clinic.
T21 2336-2454 Sentence denotes Compared to usual care, 91% of patients reported that the virtual visit was as good as or better than in‐person visit.
T22 2455-2636 Sentence denotes Fear of substandard care with VH compared to usual care, and lack of social interaction with other clinic patients and staff were identified by multiple patients as drawbacks of VH.
T23 2637-2849 Sentence denotes The median estimated out‐of‐pocket expense saved per VH visit compared with in‐person visits was CAN $75 per patient (range $0‐$1250), and the median estimated amount of time saved was 9 hours (range 0‐92 hours).
T24 2850-2937 Sentence denotes Table 1 Comparison of workflow between in‐person and virtual patient care appointments
T25 2938-2969 Sentence denotes Clinic Type In‐person Virtual
T26 2970-3021 Sentence denotes Routine pre‐clinic Investigation Performed locally
T27 3022-3098 Sentence denotes Specialized investigations performed at transplant center Performed locally
T28 3099-3128 Sentence denotes No specialized investigations
T29 3129-3204 Sentence denotes Clinic visit Spirometry performed on site immediately prior to appointment
T30 3205-3295 Sentence denotes Nursing assessment including vital signs, review of systems, and medication reconciliation
T31 3296-3512 Sentence denotes Pharmacist and physician assessment, including physical examination and documentation to health record Nurse reviews patient‐reported vital signs and home spirometry, review of systems, and medication reconciliation
T32 3513-3642 Sentence denotes Pharmacist and physician assessment, including modified physical examination (inspection only) and documentation to health record
T33 3643-3685 Sentence denotes Follow‐up Performed locally when possible
T34 3686-3752 Sentence denotes Telephone follow‐up when possible Performed locally when possible
T35 3753-3797 Sentence denotes Telephone or virtual follow‐up when possible
T36 3798-3945 Sentence denotes John Wiley & Sons, Ltd This article is being made freely available through PubMed Central as part of the COVID-19 public health emergency response.
T37 3946-4128 Sentence denotes It can be used for unrestricted research re-use and analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source, for the duration of the public health emergency.
T38 4129-4309 Sentence denotes Many barriers exist to successful implementation of VH for lung transplant patients given their frequent need for blood work, imaging, and pulmonary function testing or spirometry.
T39 4310-4509 Sentence denotes In our case, these challenges were mostly mitigated by a provincial electronic medical record for laboratory and radiology reporting, allowing patients to have testing performed in their local areas.
T40 4510-4633 Sentence denotes Clinic spirometry and pulmonary function testing were deferred when possible at the discretion of the transplant physician.
T41 4634-4762 Sentence denotes Virtual health care has been shown to be effective for management of a number of conditions including lung transplant follow‐up.
T42 4763-4940 Sentence denotes 2 , 3 However, concerns with privacy continue to be a consideration, as does the inability for physicians to physically examine the patient, which may lead to suboptimal care.
T43 4941-5072 Sentence denotes While this has not been demonstrated in the literature, few, if any, studies have been powered to capture this type of information.
T44 5073-5219 Sentence denotes There is no literature evaluating the outcomes of rapid implementation of VH in lung transplant patients as necessitated by the COVID‐19 pandemic.
T45 5220-5322 Sentence denotes Virtual health care will play a greater role in post‐transplant care even after the COVID‐19 pandemic.
T46 5323-5494 Sentence denotes Patients, HCPs, and health systems are likely to demand increased access to VH to reduce cost and time spent accessing care, and to improve the overall patient experience.
T47 5495-5673 Sentence denotes The greatest challenges associated with VH at this time appear to be technological barriers including inadequate technological infrastructure as well as poor technology literacy.
T48 5674-5765 Sentence denotes 4 Investment in improved VH infrastructure is needed to enable system‐wide implementation.
T49 5766-5918 Sentence denotes Our preliminary data demonstrate that VH can be rapidly implemented in lung transplant clinics with a high degree of patient and physician satisfaction.
T50 5919-6101 Sentence denotes Research is ongoing to identify the optimal patients and circumstances for whom VH‐based post‐transplant care may be implemented in the long term using objective clinical end points.
T51 6103-6123 Sentence denotes CONFLICT OF INTEREST
T52 6124-6175 Sentence denotes The authors have no competing interests to declare.