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LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T1 124-128 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T2 1402-1406 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T3 2263-2268 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670
T4 4336-4340 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T5 4391-4396 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670
T6 4884-4888 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T7 5301-5305 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T8 5985-5989 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T9 6378-6382 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T10 6782-6786 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T1 124-128 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T2 1402-1406 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T3 2263-2268 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178
T4 4336-4340 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T5 4391-4396 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178
T6 4884-4888 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T7 5301-5305 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T8 5985-5989 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T9 6378-6382 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T10 6782-6786 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T1 101-109 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T2 155-163 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T3 1013-1016 Disease denotes HCP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007369
T4 2882-2885 Disease denotes CAN http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0012833
T5 4051-4059 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T6 5349-5357 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T7 5452-5460 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T8 6635-6638 Disease denotes Drs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0024265

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 122-123 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T2 124-128 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T3 124-128 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T4 173-176 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T5 277-280 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T6 603-604 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T7 788-794 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000968 denotes device
T8 891-892 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T9 1402-1406 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T10 1402-1406 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T11 1570-1575 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes Human
T12 1654-1657 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T13 1695-1697 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007622 denotes MD
T14 2229-2230 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T15 2263-2268 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T16 2263-2268 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 denotes blood
T17 2381-2383 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053799 denotes 45
T18 2415-2417 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054055 denotes 71
T19 4336-4340 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T20 4336-4340 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T21 4391-4396 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T22 4391-4396 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 denotes blood
T23 4435-4442 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T24 4513-4514 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T25 4618-4625 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T26 4699-4706 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T27 4802-4805 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T28 4851-4852 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T29 4884-4888 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T30 4884-4888 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T31 4965-4966 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T32 5100-5103 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T33 5301-5305 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T34 5301-5305 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T35 5398-5399 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T36 5985-5989 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T37 5985-5989 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T38 6014-6015 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T39 6219-6228 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000030 denotes objective
T40 6378-6382 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T41 6378-6382 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T42 6635-6638 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0002819 denotes Drs
T43 6782-6786 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T44 6782-6786 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T1 273-275 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T2 494-496 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T3 1134-1136 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T4 1505-1507 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T5 1556-1558 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T6 1639-1641 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T7 1695-1697 Chemical denotes MD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74699
T8 1896-1898 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T9 2172-2174 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T10 2633-2635 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T11 2781-2783 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T12 2838-2840 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T13 4329-4331 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T14 5295-5297 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T15 5547-5549 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T16 5683-5685 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T17 5848-5850 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T18 5952-5954 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700
T19 6147-6149 Chemical denotes VH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73700

LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
1 101-109 Disease denotes COVID‐19 MESH:C000657245
11 457-464 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
12 585-592 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
13 1022-1029 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
14 1111-1118 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
15 1214-1221 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
16 1238-1246 Species denotes Patients Tax:9606
17 1293-1301 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
18 155-163 Disease denotes COVID‐19 MESH:C000657245
19 1316-1336 Disease denotes respiratory symptoms MESH:D012818
28 1479-1487 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
29 1570-1575 Species denotes Human Tax:9606
30 2384-2391 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
31 2424-2432 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
32 2515-2523 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
33 2709-2717 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
34 2756-2764 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
35 2894-2901 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
37 3562-3569 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
39 3060-3067 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
41 4051-4059 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
44 4352-4360 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
45 4601-4609 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
49 5045-5052 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
50 5317-5325 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
51 5349-5357 Disease denotes COVID‐19 MESH:C000657245
57 5471-5479 Species denotes Patients Tax:9606
58 5623-5630 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
59 6031-6038 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
60 6111-6119 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
61 5452-5460 Disease denotes COVID‐19 MESH:C000657245

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 242-248 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098739 denotes uptake
T2 242-248 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098657 denotes uptake

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T1 2672-2690 Phenotype denotes social interaction http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0008763

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-37 Sentence denotes Necessity is the mother of invention:
T2 38-146 Sentence denotes Rapid implementation of virtual health care in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic in a lung transplant clinic
T3 148-149 Sentence denotes 1
T4 151-227 Sentence denotes The COVID‐19 pandemic has necessitated rapid changes in healthcare delivery.
T5 228-411 Sentence denotes Historically, uptake of virtual health care (VH) has been low, especially in specialized clinics; for example, 0.5% of all billable services were provided virtually in Canada in 2015.
T6 412-673 Sentence denotes 1 Prior to March 2020, fewer than 5% of all patient visits in our clinic were by VH utilizing our health authority's approved platform; however, this platform required the patient to attend a remote healthcare facility, clearly undesirable during the pandemic.
T7 674-733 Sentence denotes We trialed various platforms including FaceTime® and Zoom®.
T8 734-859 Sentence denotes Barriers existed with both platforms such as specific device requirements, poor technology literacy, and/or privacy concerns.
T9 860-1030 Sentence denotes Ultimately, our clinic adopted a web‐based platform (Doxy.me®) that allows for videoconferencing with end‐to‐end encryption between healthcare provider (HCP) and patient.
T10 1031-1237 Sentence denotes Over the span of 2 weeks, our clinic transitioned to providing more than 90% of patient care utilizing VH, while maintaining usual clinic capacity of approximately 10 post‐transplant patient visits per day.
T11 1238-1375 Sentence denotes Patients transplanted within the previous 3 months and patients with unstable respiratory symptoms were prioritized for in‐person visits.
T12 1376-1508 Sentence denotes Our clinic cares for >300 lung transplant recipients over an extended geography in western Canada; all patients are eligible for VH.
T13 1509-1569 Sentence denotes Usual clinic workflow was modified to adapt to VH (Table 1).
T14 1570-1798 Sentence denotes Human resource modifications were negligible after implementation of VH; our clinic has 3.5 transplant coordinators (RNs), 1 MD per clinic day, and 1 PharmD; no additional support staff was needed during or after implementation.
T15 1799-1954 Sentence denotes Post‐visit satisfaction surveys adapted from Sidhu et al 2 were completed immediately following VH visits, these surveys are Research Ethics Board exempt.
T16 1955-2112 Sentence denotes After 6 weeks of data collection, 157 physician surveys were returned; 70% of visits have taken place by videoconference with the remaining 30% by telephone.
T17 2113-2192 Sentence denotes Physicians reported being satisfied or very satisfied with VH over 90% of time.
T18 2193-2285 Sentence denotes Physician dissatisfaction was often a result of missing or incomplete blood work or imaging.
T19 2286-2355 Sentence denotes Technical problems interfered with care goals in only 2.5% of visits.
T20 2356-2483 Sentence denotes In the same time period, 45 patient surveys were received, 71% from patients who live more than 150 kilometers from the clinic.
T21 2484-2602 Sentence denotes Compared to usual care, 91% of patients reported that the virtual visit was as good as or better than in‐person visit.
T22 2603-2784 Sentence denotes Fear of substandard care with VH compared to usual care, and lack of social interaction with other clinic patients and staff were identified by multiple patients as drawbacks of VH.
T23 2785-2997 Sentence denotes The median estimated out‐of‐pocket expense saved per VH visit compared with in‐person visits was CAN $75 per patient (range $0‐$1250), and the median estimated amount of time saved was 9 hours (range 0‐92 hours).
T24 2998-3085 Sentence denotes Table 1 Comparison of workflow between in‐person and virtual patient care appointments
T25 3086-3117 Sentence denotes Clinic Type In‐person Virtual
T26 3118-3169 Sentence denotes Routine pre‐clinic Investigation Performed locally
T27 3170-3246 Sentence denotes Specialized investigations performed at transplant center Performed locally
T28 3247-3276 Sentence denotes No specialized investigations
T29 3277-3352 Sentence denotes Clinic visit Spirometry performed on site immediately prior to appointment
T30 3353-3443 Sentence denotes Nursing assessment including vital signs, review of systems, and medication reconciliation
T31 3444-3660 Sentence denotes Pharmacist and physician assessment, including physical examination and documentation to health record Nurse reviews patient‐reported vital signs and home spirometry, review of systems, and medication reconciliation
T32 3661-3790 Sentence denotes Pharmacist and physician assessment, including modified physical examination (inspection only) and documentation to health record
T33 3791-3833 Sentence denotes Follow‐up Performed locally when possible
T34 3834-3900 Sentence denotes Telephone follow‐up when possible Performed locally when possible
T35 3901-3945 Sentence denotes Telephone or virtual follow‐up when possible
T36 3946-4093 Sentence denotes John Wiley & Sons, Ltd This article is being made freely available through PubMed Central as part of the COVID-19 public health emergency response.
T37 4094-4276 Sentence denotes It can be used for unrestricted research re-use and analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source, for the duration of the public health emergency.
T38 4277-4457 Sentence denotes Many barriers exist to successful implementation of VH for lung transplant patients given their frequent need for blood work, imaging, and pulmonary function testing or spirometry.
T39 4458-4657 Sentence denotes In our case, these challenges were mostly mitigated by a provincial electronic medical record for laboratory and radiology reporting, allowing patients to have testing performed in their local areas.
T40 4658-4781 Sentence denotes Clinic spirometry and pulmonary function testing were deferred when possible at the discretion of the transplant physician.
T41 4782-4910 Sentence denotes Virtual health care has been shown to be effective for management of a number of conditions including lung transplant follow‐up.
T42 4911-5088 Sentence denotes 2 , 3 However, concerns with privacy continue to be a consideration, as does the inability for physicians to physically examine the patient, which may lead to suboptimal care.
T43 5089-5220 Sentence denotes While this has not been demonstrated in the literature, few, if any, studies have been powered to capture this type of information.
T44 5221-5367 Sentence denotes There is no literature evaluating the outcomes of rapid implementation of VH in lung transplant patients as necessitated by the COVID‐19 pandemic.
T45 5368-5470 Sentence denotes Virtual health care will play a greater role in post‐transplant care even after the COVID‐19 pandemic.
T46 5471-5642 Sentence denotes Patients, HCPs, and health systems are likely to demand increased access to VH to reduce cost and time spent accessing care, and to improve the overall patient experience.
T47 5643-5821 Sentence denotes The greatest challenges associated with VH at this time appear to be technological barriers including inadequate technological infrastructure as well as poor technology literacy.
T48 5822-5913 Sentence denotes 4 Investment in improved VH infrastructure is needed to enable system‐wide implementation.
T49 5914-6066 Sentence denotes Our preliminary data demonstrate that VH can be rapidly implemented in lung transplant clinics with a high degree of patient and physician satisfaction.
T50 6067-6249 Sentence denotes Research is ongoing to identify the optimal patients and circumstances for whom VH‐based post‐transplant care may be implemented in the long term using objective clinical end points.
T51 6251-6271 Sentence denotes CONFLICT OF INTEREST
T52 6272-6323 Sentence denotes The authors have no competing interests to declare.
T53 6325-6341 Sentence denotes ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
T54 6342-6606 Sentence denotes The authors would like to thank the lung transplant nurse coordinators Emily Oates, Mandeep Dhindsa, Rebecca Sternagel, and Elsie Lok; as well as the clinic patient care coordinator Sharon Duncan for their tireless work implementing the transition to virtual care.
T55 6607-6639 Sentence denotes We would also like to thank Drs.
T56 6640-6725 Sentence denotes Céline Bergeron, Roland Nador, and John Swiston for participation in data collection.
T57 6726-6857 Sentence denotes Lastly, we would like to thank the patients of the post–lung transplant clinic for their patience during this period of transition.