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    LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T393","span":{"begin":103,"end":124},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T394","span":{"begin":547,"end":553},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T395","span":{"begin":1468,"end":1477},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T396","span":{"begin":1519,"end":1535},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T397","span":{"begin":1531,"end":1535},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T398","span":{"begin":1704,"end":1714},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T399","span":{"begin":1732,"end":1738},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T400","span":{"begin":1889,"end":1893},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T401","span":{"begin":1894,"end":1900},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T402","span":{"begin":1947,"end":1951},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T403","span":{"begin":2363,"end":2374},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T404","span":{"begin":2489,"end":2499},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T405","span":{"begin":2708,"end":2711},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T406","span":{"begin":2853,"end":2858},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T407","span":{"begin":2888,"end":2891},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T408","span":{"begin":2941,"end":2948},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A393","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T393","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7161"},{"id":"A394","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T394","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9637"},{"id":"A395","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T395","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62852"},{"id":"A396","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T396","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66772"},{"id":"A397","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T397","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A398","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T398","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7199"},{"id":"A399","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T399","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7203"},{"id":"A400","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T400","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195"},{"id":"A401","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T401","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9637"},{"id":"A402","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T402","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195"},{"id":"A403","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T403","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7647"},{"id":"A404","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T404","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82738"},{"id":"A405","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T405","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82785"},{"id":"A406","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T406","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A407","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T407","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82785"},{"id":"A408","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T408","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74413"}],"text":"CYP2J and CYP2C isoforms, the constitutively expressed cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases found in the cardiovascular system, metabolize EPA into 5 regioisomeric epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12-, 14,15-, 17,18-EEQ) and DHA into 6 regioisomeric epoxydocosapentaenoic acids (4,5-, 7,8-, 10,11-, 13,14-, 16,17-, 19,20-EDP) (Arnold et al., 2010; Konkel \u0026 Schunck, 2011; Westphal, Konkel, \u0026 Schunck, 2015). Recent evidence suggests that 17,18-EEQ and 19,20-EDP mediate several anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 PUFAs in various models of tissue injury (Arnold et al., 2010; Ulu et al., 2014; Wang, Chai, Lu, \u0026 Lee, 2011). For example, Fang et al. demonstrated a n-3 PUFA-rich diet attenuates MI injury in mice by producing a protective eicosanoid pattern, which results in shifting the metabolite profile to a more anti-inflammatory state by increasing the levels of the 19,20-EDP and 17,18-EEQ and decreasing the pro-inflammatory PGE2 (Fang et al., 2018). The cardioprotective effects of n-3 PUFAs are also attributed to their ability to attenuate the NLRP3 inflammasome complex cascade (Darwesh, Jamieson, Wang, Samokhvalov, \u0026 Seubert, 2019). Importantly, the anti-inflammatory features of CYP-derived epoxy metabolites have been reported in numerous models. For example, in TNFα-induced retinal vascular inflammation, Capozzi et al. demonstrated 19,20-EDP can ameliorate vascular adhesion molecule and intracellular adhesion molecule expression and reduce leukocyte adherence to human retinal microvascular endothelial cell monolayers (Capozzi, Hammer, McCollum, \u0026 Penn, 2016). Additionally, evidence demonstrates intraperitoneal infusions of 17,18-EEQ and 19,20-EDP protect against allergic intestinal inflammation and kidney fibrosis in corresponding mouse models (Kunisawa et al., 2015; Sharma et al., 2016). 17,18-EEQ was able to inhibit TNFα-induced inflammation in human lung tissue obtained from patients undergoing surgery for lung carcinoma via inhibition of NF-κB and activation of the transcription factor PPAR-γ (Morin, Sirois, Echave, Albadine, \u0026 Rousseau, 2010). The anti-inflammatory properties of DHA epoxides were also well demonstrated using animal models of inflammatory pain. For example, Morisseau et al. demonstrated that direct injection of the DHA epoxides, EDPs, together with the pro-inflammatory carrageenan into the paw or spinal cord of male Sprague-Dawley rats resulted in significant antihyperalgesic activity. Surprisingly, both the parent free fatty acid DHA and the corresponding diols were inactive, supporting the hypothesis that the epoxylipids mediate many of the beneficial effects of the parent compounds (Morisseau et al., 2010). The bacterial endotoxin, LPS, has a marked role in triggering inflammatory injury which can result in several cardiovascular complications. In a study using HL-1 cardiac cells, 19,20-EDP protected against LPS-stimulated inflammatory injury by activating the histone deacetylase Sirtuin-1 inhibiting the activation the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB (Samokhvalov, Jamieson, Vriend, Quan, \u0026 Seubert, 2015). The accumulating evidence suggests the anti-inflammatory properties of CYP-epoxygenase metabolites of n-3 PUFAs have a substantial role in activating protective responses in models of cardiovascular injury. However, further investigation is required to elucidate whether the protective properties limit cardiovascular injury secondary to COVID-19 infection."}

    LitCovid-PD-UBERON

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T105","span":{"begin":103,"end":124},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T106","span":{"begin":547,"end":553},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T107","span":{"begin":1732,"end":1738},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T108","span":{"begin":1889,"end":1893},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T109","span":{"begin":1894,"end":1900},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T110","span":{"begin":1947,"end":1951},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T111","span":{"begin":2363,"end":2374},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A105","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T105","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004535"},{"id":"A106","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T106","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000479"},{"id":"A107","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T107","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113"},{"id":"A108","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T108","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"},{"id":"A109","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T109","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000479"},{"id":"A110","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T110","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"},{"id":"A111","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T111","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002240"}],"text":"CYP2J and CYP2C isoforms, the constitutively expressed cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases found in the cardiovascular system, metabolize EPA into 5 regioisomeric epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12-, 14,15-, 17,18-EEQ) and DHA into 6 regioisomeric epoxydocosapentaenoic acids (4,5-, 7,8-, 10,11-, 13,14-, 16,17-, 19,20-EDP) (Arnold et al., 2010; Konkel \u0026 Schunck, 2011; Westphal, Konkel, \u0026 Schunck, 2015). Recent evidence suggests that 17,18-EEQ and 19,20-EDP mediate several anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 PUFAs in various models of tissue injury (Arnold et al., 2010; Ulu et al., 2014; Wang, Chai, Lu, \u0026 Lee, 2011). For example, Fang et al. demonstrated a n-3 PUFA-rich diet attenuates MI injury in mice by producing a protective eicosanoid pattern, which results in shifting the metabolite profile to a more anti-inflammatory state by increasing the levels of the 19,20-EDP and 17,18-EEQ and decreasing the pro-inflammatory PGE2 (Fang et al., 2018). The cardioprotective effects of n-3 PUFAs are also attributed to their ability to attenuate the NLRP3 inflammasome complex cascade (Darwesh, Jamieson, Wang, Samokhvalov, \u0026 Seubert, 2019). Importantly, the anti-inflammatory features of CYP-derived epoxy metabolites have been reported in numerous models. For example, in TNFα-induced retinal vascular inflammation, Capozzi et al. demonstrated 19,20-EDP can ameliorate vascular adhesion molecule and intracellular adhesion molecule expression and reduce leukocyte adherence to human retinal microvascular endothelial cell monolayers (Capozzi, Hammer, McCollum, \u0026 Penn, 2016). Additionally, evidence demonstrates intraperitoneal infusions of 17,18-EEQ and 19,20-EDP protect against allergic intestinal inflammation and kidney fibrosis in corresponding mouse models (Kunisawa et al., 2015; Sharma et al., 2016). 17,18-EEQ was able to inhibit TNFα-induced inflammation in human lung tissue obtained from patients undergoing surgery for lung carcinoma via inhibition of NF-κB and activation of the transcription factor PPAR-γ (Morin, Sirois, Echave, Albadine, \u0026 Rousseau, 2010). The anti-inflammatory properties of DHA epoxides were also well demonstrated using animal models of inflammatory pain. For example, Morisseau et al. demonstrated that direct injection of the DHA epoxides, EDPs, together with the pro-inflammatory carrageenan into the paw or spinal cord of male Sprague-Dawley rats resulted in significant antihyperalgesic activity. Surprisingly, both the parent free fatty acid DHA and the corresponding diols were inactive, supporting the hypothesis that the epoxylipids mediate many of the beneficial effects of the parent compounds (Morisseau et al., 2010). The bacterial endotoxin, LPS, has a marked role in triggering inflammatory injury which can result in several cardiovascular complications. In a study using HL-1 cardiac cells, 19,20-EDP protected against LPS-stimulated inflammatory injury by activating the histone deacetylase Sirtuin-1 inhibiting the activation the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB (Samokhvalov, Jamieson, Vriend, Quan, \u0026 Seubert, 2015). The accumulating evidence suggests the anti-inflammatory properties of CYP-epoxygenase metabolites of n-3 PUFAs have a substantial role in activating protective responses in models of cardiovascular injury. However, further investigation is required to elucidate whether the protective properties limit cardiovascular injury secondary to COVID-19 infection."}

    LitCovid-PD-MONDO

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T482","span":{"begin":554,"end":560},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T483","span":{"begin":701,"end":703},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T484","span":{"begin":704,"end":710},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T485","span":{"begin":1316,"end":1328},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T486","span":{"begin":1695,"end":1703},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T487","span":{"begin":1704,"end":1727},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T488","span":{"begin":1715,"end":1727},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T489","span":{"begin":1867,"end":1879},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T490","span":{"begin":1947,"end":1961},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T491","span":{"begin":1952,"end":1961},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T492","span":{"begin":2758,"end":2764},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T493","span":{"begin":2916,"end":2922},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T494","span":{"begin":3300,"end":3306},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T495","span":{"begin":3419,"end":3425},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T496","span":{"begin":3439,"end":3447},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T497","span":{"begin":3448,"end":3457},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A482","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T482","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178"},{"id":"A483","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T483","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005068"},{"id":"A484","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T484","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178"},{"id":"A485","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T485","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021166"},{"id":"A486","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T486","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004980"},{"id":"A487","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T487","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002269"},{"id":"A488","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T488","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021166"},{"id":"A489","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T489","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021166"},{"id":"A490","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T490","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005138"},{"id":"A491","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T491","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004993"},{"id":"A492","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T492","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178"},{"id":"A493","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T493","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178"},{"id":"A494","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T494","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178"},{"id":"A495","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T495","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178"},{"id":"A496","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T496","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A497","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T497","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"}],"text":"CYP2J and CYP2C isoforms, the constitutively expressed cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases found in the cardiovascular system, metabolize EPA into 5 regioisomeric epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12-, 14,15-, 17,18-EEQ) and DHA into 6 regioisomeric epoxydocosapentaenoic acids (4,5-, 7,8-, 10,11-, 13,14-, 16,17-, 19,20-EDP) (Arnold et al., 2010; Konkel \u0026 Schunck, 2011; Westphal, Konkel, \u0026 Schunck, 2015). Recent evidence suggests that 17,18-EEQ and 19,20-EDP mediate several anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 PUFAs in various models of tissue injury (Arnold et al., 2010; Ulu et al., 2014; Wang, Chai, Lu, \u0026 Lee, 2011). For example, Fang et al. demonstrated a n-3 PUFA-rich diet attenuates MI injury in mice by producing a protective eicosanoid pattern, which results in shifting the metabolite profile to a more anti-inflammatory state by increasing the levels of the 19,20-EDP and 17,18-EEQ and decreasing the pro-inflammatory PGE2 (Fang et al., 2018). The cardioprotective effects of n-3 PUFAs are also attributed to their ability to attenuate the NLRP3 inflammasome complex cascade (Darwesh, Jamieson, Wang, Samokhvalov, \u0026 Seubert, 2019). Importantly, the anti-inflammatory features of CYP-derived epoxy metabolites have been reported in numerous models. For example, in TNFα-induced retinal vascular inflammation, Capozzi et al. demonstrated 19,20-EDP can ameliorate vascular adhesion molecule and intracellular adhesion molecule expression and reduce leukocyte adherence to human retinal microvascular endothelial cell monolayers (Capozzi, Hammer, McCollum, \u0026 Penn, 2016). Additionally, evidence demonstrates intraperitoneal infusions of 17,18-EEQ and 19,20-EDP protect against allergic intestinal inflammation and kidney fibrosis in corresponding mouse models (Kunisawa et al., 2015; Sharma et al., 2016). 17,18-EEQ was able to inhibit TNFα-induced inflammation in human lung tissue obtained from patients undergoing surgery for lung carcinoma via inhibition of NF-κB and activation of the transcription factor PPAR-γ (Morin, Sirois, Echave, Albadine, \u0026 Rousseau, 2010). The anti-inflammatory properties of DHA epoxides were also well demonstrated using animal models of inflammatory pain. For example, Morisseau et al. demonstrated that direct injection of the DHA epoxides, EDPs, together with the pro-inflammatory carrageenan into the paw or spinal cord of male Sprague-Dawley rats resulted in significant antihyperalgesic activity. Surprisingly, both the parent free fatty acid DHA and the corresponding diols were inactive, supporting the hypothesis that the epoxylipids mediate many of the beneficial effects of the parent compounds (Morisseau et al., 2010). The bacterial endotoxin, LPS, has a marked role in triggering inflammatory injury which can result in several cardiovascular complications. In a study using HL-1 cardiac cells, 19,20-EDP protected against LPS-stimulated inflammatory injury by activating the histone deacetylase Sirtuin-1 inhibiting the activation the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB (Samokhvalov, Jamieson, Vriend, Quan, \u0026 Seubert, 2015). The accumulating evidence suggests the anti-inflammatory properties of CYP-epoxygenase metabolites of n-3 PUFAs have a substantial role in activating protective responses in models of cardiovascular injury. However, further investigation is required to elucidate whether the protective properties limit cardiovascular injury secondary to COVID-19 infection."}

    LitCovid-PD-CLO

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T533","span":{"begin":103,"end":124},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004535"},{"id":"T534","span":{"begin":103,"end":124},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000791"},{"id":"T535","span":{"begin":669,"end":670},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T536","span":{"begin":732,"end":733},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T537","span":{"begin":817,"end":818},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T538","span":{"begin":959,"end":963},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001185"},{"id":"T539","span":{"begin":1491,"end":1496},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"},{"id":"T540","span":{"begin":1519,"end":1535},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000115"},{"id":"T541","span":{"begin":1704,"end":1714},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000160"},{"id":"T542","span":{"begin":1704,"end":1714},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000834"},{"id":"T543","span":{"begin":1732,"end":1738},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113"},{"id":"T544","span":{"begin":1732,"end":1738},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000927"},{"id":"T545","span":{"begin":1732,"end":1738},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000929"},{"id":"T546","span":{"begin":1765,"end":1770},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007836"},{"id":"T547","span":{"begin":1883,"end":1888},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"},{"id":"T548","span":{"begin":1889,"end":1893},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"},{"id":"T549","span":{"begin":1889,"end":1893},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934"},{"id":"T550","span":{"begin":1947,"end":1951},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"},{"id":"T551","span":{"begin":1947,"end":1951},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934"},{"id":"T552","span":{"begin":1984,"end":1985},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021"},{"id":"T553","span":{"begin":1990,"end":2000},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T554","span":{"begin":2172,"end":2178},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208"},{"id":"T555","span":{"begin":2363,"end":2374},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002240"},{"id":"T556","span":{"begin":2378,"end":2382},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101"},{"id":"T557","span":{"begin":2378,"end":2382},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970"},{"id":"T558","span":{"begin":2444,"end":2452},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T559","span":{"begin":2713,"end":2716},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582"},{"id":"T560","span":{"begin":2717,"end":2718},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T561","span":{"begin":2826,"end":2827},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T562","span":{"begin":2840,"end":2844},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0052763"},{"id":"T563","span":{"begin":2853,"end":2858},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T564","span":{"begin":2926,"end":2936},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T565","span":{"begin":2986,"end":2996},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T566","span":{"begin":3043,"end":3044},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021"},{"id":"T567","span":{"begin":3218,"end":3219},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T568","span":{"begin":3240,"end":3250},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"}],"text":"CYP2J and CYP2C isoforms, the constitutively expressed cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases found in the cardiovascular system, metabolize EPA into 5 regioisomeric epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12-, 14,15-, 17,18-EEQ) and DHA into 6 regioisomeric epoxydocosapentaenoic acids (4,5-, 7,8-, 10,11-, 13,14-, 16,17-, 19,20-EDP) (Arnold et al., 2010; Konkel \u0026 Schunck, 2011; Westphal, Konkel, \u0026 Schunck, 2015). Recent evidence suggests that 17,18-EEQ and 19,20-EDP mediate several anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 PUFAs in various models of tissue injury (Arnold et al., 2010; Ulu et al., 2014; Wang, Chai, Lu, \u0026 Lee, 2011). For example, Fang et al. demonstrated a n-3 PUFA-rich diet attenuates MI injury in mice by producing a protective eicosanoid pattern, which results in shifting the metabolite profile to a more anti-inflammatory state by increasing the levels of the 19,20-EDP and 17,18-EEQ and decreasing the pro-inflammatory PGE2 (Fang et al., 2018). The cardioprotective effects of n-3 PUFAs are also attributed to their ability to attenuate the NLRP3 inflammasome complex cascade (Darwesh, Jamieson, Wang, Samokhvalov, \u0026 Seubert, 2019). Importantly, the anti-inflammatory features of CYP-derived epoxy metabolites have been reported in numerous models. For example, in TNFα-induced retinal vascular inflammation, Capozzi et al. demonstrated 19,20-EDP can ameliorate vascular adhesion molecule and intracellular adhesion molecule expression and reduce leukocyte adherence to human retinal microvascular endothelial cell monolayers (Capozzi, Hammer, McCollum, \u0026 Penn, 2016). Additionally, evidence demonstrates intraperitoneal infusions of 17,18-EEQ and 19,20-EDP protect against allergic intestinal inflammation and kidney fibrosis in corresponding mouse models (Kunisawa et al., 2015; Sharma et al., 2016). 17,18-EEQ was able to inhibit TNFα-induced inflammation in human lung tissue obtained from patients undergoing surgery for lung carcinoma via inhibition of NF-κB and activation of the transcription factor PPAR-γ (Morin, Sirois, Echave, Albadine, \u0026 Rousseau, 2010). The anti-inflammatory properties of DHA epoxides were also well demonstrated using animal models of inflammatory pain. For example, Morisseau et al. demonstrated that direct injection of the DHA epoxides, EDPs, together with the pro-inflammatory carrageenan into the paw or spinal cord of male Sprague-Dawley rats resulted in significant antihyperalgesic activity. Surprisingly, both the parent free fatty acid DHA and the corresponding diols were inactive, supporting the hypothesis that the epoxylipids mediate many of the beneficial effects of the parent compounds (Morisseau et al., 2010). The bacterial endotoxin, LPS, has a marked role in triggering inflammatory injury which can result in several cardiovascular complications. In a study using HL-1 cardiac cells, 19,20-EDP protected against LPS-stimulated inflammatory injury by activating the histone deacetylase Sirtuin-1 inhibiting the activation the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB (Samokhvalov, Jamieson, Vriend, Quan, \u0026 Seubert, 2015). The accumulating evidence suggests the anti-inflammatory properties of CYP-epoxygenase metabolites of n-3 PUFAs have a substantial role in activating protective responses in models of cardiovascular injury. However, further investigation is required to elucidate whether the protective properties limit cardiovascular injury secondary to COVID-19 infection."}

    LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

    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641","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T641","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35366"},{"id":"A642","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T642","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527"},{"id":"A643","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T643","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16016"},{"id":"A644","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T643","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28125"},{"id":"A645","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T643","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28689"},{"id":"A646","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T643","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36005"},{"id":"A647","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T647","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23824"},{"id":"A648","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T648","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16412"},{"id":"A649","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T648","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52603"},{"id":"A650","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T648","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_89981"},{"id":"A651","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T651","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5729"},{"id":"A652","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T652","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_72653"},{"id":"A653","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T653","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16412"},{"id":"A654","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T653","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52603"},{"id":"A655","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T653","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_89981"},{"id":"A656","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T656","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15358"},{"id":"A657","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T657","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141424"},{"id":"A658","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T657","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25573"},{"id":"A659","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T657","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_1224"},{"id":"A660","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T660","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38559"},{"id":"A661","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T661","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25212"},{"id":"A662","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T662","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26208"}],"text":"CYP2J and CYP2C isoforms, the constitutively expressed cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases found in the cardiovascular system, metabolize EPA into 5 regioisomeric epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12-, 14,15-, 17,18-EEQ) and DHA into 6 regioisomeric epoxydocosapentaenoic acids (4,5-, 7,8-, 10,11-, 13,14-, 16,17-, 19,20-EDP) (Arnold et al., 2010; Konkel \u0026 Schunck, 2011; Westphal, Konkel, \u0026 Schunck, 2015). Recent evidence suggests that 17,18-EEQ and 19,20-EDP mediate several anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 PUFAs in various models of tissue injury (Arnold et al., 2010; Ulu et al., 2014; Wang, Chai, Lu, \u0026 Lee, 2011). For example, Fang et al. demonstrated a n-3 PUFA-rich diet attenuates MI injury in mice by producing a protective eicosanoid pattern, which results in shifting the metabolite profile to a more anti-inflammatory state by increasing the levels of the 19,20-EDP and 17,18-EEQ and decreasing the pro-inflammatory PGE2 (Fang et al., 2018). The cardioprotective effects of n-3 PUFAs are also attributed to their ability to attenuate the NLRP3 inflammasome complex cascade (Darwesh, Jamieson, Wang, Samokhvalov, \u0026 Seubert, 2019). Importantly, the anti-inflammatory features of CYP-derived epoxy metabolites have been reported in numerous models. For example, in TNFα-induced retinal vascular inflammation, Capozzi et al. demonstrated 19,20-EDP can ameliorate vascular adhesion molecule and intracellular adhesion molecule expression and reduce leukocyte adherence to human retinal microvascular endothelial cell monolayers (Capozzi, Hammer, McCollum, \u0026 Penn, 2016). Additionally, evidence demonstrates intraperitoneal infusions of 17,18-EEQ and 19,20-EDP protect against allergic intestinal inflammation and kidney fibrosis in corresponding mouse models (Kunisawa et al., 2015; Sharma et al., 2016). 17,18-EEQ was able to inhibit TNFα-induced inflammation in human lung tissue obtained from patients undergoing surgery for lung carcinoma via inhibition of NF-κB and activation of the transcription factor PPAR-γ (Morin, Sirois, Echave, Albadine, \u0026 Rousseau, 2010). The anti-inflammatory properties of DHA epoxides were also well demonstrated using animal models of inflammatory pain. For example, Morisseau et al. demonstrated that direct injection of the DHA epoxides, EDPs, together with the pro-inflammatory carrageenan into the paw or spinal cord of male Sprague-Dawley rats resulted in significant antihyperalgesic activity. Surprisingly, both the parent free fatty acid DHA and the corresponding diols were inactive, supporting the hypothesis that the epoxylipids mediate many of the beneficial effects of the parent compounds (Morisseau et al., 2010). The bacterial endotoxin, LPS, has a marked role in triggering inflammatory injury which can result in several cardiovascular complications. In a study using HL-1 cardiac cells, 19,20-EDP protected against LPS-stimulated inflammatory injury by activating the histone deacetylase Sirtuin-1 inhibiting the activation the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB (Samokhvalov, Jamieson, Vriend, Quan, \u0026 Seubert, 2015). The accumulating evidence suggests the anti-inflammatory properties of CYP-epoxygenase metabolites of n-3 PUFAs have a substantial role in activating protective responses in models of cardiovascular injury. However, further investigation is required to elucidate whether the protective properties limit cardiovascular injury secondary to COVID-19 infection."}

    LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T186","span":{"begin":55,"end":65},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045158"},{"id":"T187","span":{"begin":55,"end":65},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045157"},{"id":"T188","span":{"begin":55,"end":65},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045156"},{"id":"T189","span":{"begin":55,"end":65},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008121"},{"id":"T190","span":{"begin":1316,"end":1328},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954"},{"id":"T191","span":{"begin":1715,"end":1727},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954"},{"id":"T192","span":{"begin":1867,"end":1879},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954"},{"id":"T193","span":{"begin":2008,"end":2028},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0000981"},{"id":"T194","span":{"begin":2008,"end":2021},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006351"},{"id":"T195","span":{"begin":3018,"end":3038},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0000981"},{"id":"T196","span":{"begin":3018,"end":3031},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006351"}],"text":"CYP2J and CYP2C isoforms, the constitutively expressed cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases found in the cardiovascular system, metabolize EPA into 5 regioisomeric epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12-, 14,15-, 17,18-EEQ) and DHA into 6 regioisomeric epoxydocosapentaenoic acids (4,5-, 7,8-, 10,11-, 13,14-, 16,17-, 19,20-EDP) (Arnold et al., 2010; Konkel \u0026 Schunck, 2011; Westphal, Konkel, \u0026 Schunck, 2015). Recent evidence suggests that 17,18-EEQ and 19,20-EDP mediate several anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 PUFAs in various models of tissue injury (Arnold et al., 2010; Ulu et al., 2014; Wang, Chai, Lu, \u0026 Lee, 2011). For example, Fang et al. demonstrated a n-3 PUFA-rich diet attenuates MI injury in mice by producing a protective eicosanoid pattern, which results in shifting the metabolite profile to a more anti-inflammatory state by increasing the levels of the 19,20-EDP and 17,18-EEQ and decreasing the pro-inflammatory PGE2 (Fang et al., 2018). The cardioprotective effects of n-3 PUFAs are also attributed to their ability to attenuate the NLRP3 inflammasome complex cascade (Darwesh, Jamieson, Wang, Samokhvalov, \u0026 Seubert, 2019). Importantly, the anti-inflammatory features of CYP-derived epoxy metabolites have been reported in numerous models. For example, in TNFα-induced retinal vascular inflammation, Capozzi et al. demonstrated 19,20-EDP can ameliorate vascular adhesion molecule and intracellular adhesion molecule expression and reduce leukocyte adherence to human retinal microvascular endothelial cell monolayers (Capozzi, Hammer, McCollum, \u0026 Penn, 2016). Additionally, evidence demonstrates intraperitoneal infusions of 17,18-EEQ and 19,20-EDP protect against allergic intestinal inflammation and kidney fibrosis in corresponding mouse models (Kunisawa et al., 2015; Sharma et al., 2016). 17,18-EEQ was able to inhibit TNFα-induced inflammation in human lung tissue obtained from patients undergoing surgery for lung carcinoma via inhibition of NF-κB and activation of the transcription factor PPAR-γ (Morin, Sirois, Echave, Albadine, \u0026 Rousseau, 2010). The anti-inflammatory properties of DHA epoxides were also well demonstrated using animal models of inflammatory pain. For example, Morisseau et al. demonstrated that direct injection of the DHA epoxides, EDPs, together with the pro-inflammatory carrageenan into the paw or spinal cord of male Sprague-Dawley rats resulted in significant antihyperalgesic activity. Surprisingly, both the parent free fatty acid DHA and the corresponding diols were inactive, supporting the hypothesis that the epoxylipids mediate many of the beneficial effects of the parent compounds (Morisseau et al., 2010). The bacterial endotoxin, LPS, has a marked role in triggering inflammatory injury which can result in several cardiovascular complications. In a study using HL-1 cardiac cells, 19,20-EDP protected against LPS-stimulated inflammatory injury by activating the histone deacetylase Sirtuin-1 inhibiting the activation the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB (Samokhvalov, Jamieson, Vriend, Quan, \u0026 Seubert, 2015). The accumulating evidence suggests the anti-inflammatory properties of CYP-epoxygenase metabolites of n-3 PUFAs have a substantial role in activating protective responses in models of cardiovascular injury. However, further investigation is required to elucidate whether the protective properties limit cardiovascular injury secondary to COVID-19 infection."}

    LitCovid-sentences

    {"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T552","span":{"begin":0,"end":416},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T553","span":{"begin":417,"end":630},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T554","span":{"begin":631,"end":965},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T555","span":{"begin":966,"end":1153},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T556","span":{"begin":1154,"end":1269},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T557","span":{"begin":1270,"end":1589},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T558","span":{"begin":1590,"end":1823},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T559","span":{"begin":1824,"end":2088},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T560","span":{"begin":2089,"end":2207},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T561","span":{"begin":2208,"end":2453},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T562","span":{"begin":2454,"end":2682},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T563","span":{"begin":2683,"end":2822},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T564","span":{"begin":2823,"end":3100},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T565","span":{"begin":3101,"end":3307},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T566","span":{"begin":3308,"end":3458},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"CYP2J and CYP2C isoforms, the constitutively expressed cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases found in the cardiovascular system, metabolize EPA into 5 regioisomeric epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12-, 14,15-, 17,18-EEQ) and DHA into 6 regioisomeric epoxydocosapentaenoic acids (4,5-, 7,8-, 10,11-, 13,14-, 16,17-, 19,20-EDP) (Arnold et al., 2010; Konkel \u0026 Schunck, 2011; Westphal, Konkel, \u0026 Schunck, 2015). Recent evidence suggests that 17,18-EEQ and 19,20-EDP mediate several anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 PUFAs in various models of tissue injury (Arnold et al., 2010; Ulu et al., 2014; Wang, Chai, Lu, \u0026 Lee, 2011). For example, Fang et al. demonstrated a n-3 PUFA-rich diet attenuates MI injury in mice by producing a protective eicosanoid pattern, which results in shifting the metabolite profile to a more anti-inflammatory state by increasing the levels of the 19,20-EDP and 17,18-EEQ and decreasing the pro-inflammatory PGE2 (Fang et al., 2018). The cardioprotective effects of n-3 PUFAs are also attributed to their ability to attenuate the NLRP3 inflammasome complex cascade (Darwesh, Jamieson, Wang, Samokhvalov, \u0026 Seubert, 2019). Importantly, the anti-inflammatory features of CYP-derived epoxy metabolites have been reported in numerous models. For example, in TNFα-induced retinal vascular inflammation, Capozzi et al. demonstrated 19,20-EDP can ameliorate vascular adhesion molecule and intracellular adhesion molecule expression and reduce leukocyte adherence to human retinal microvascular endothelial cell monolayers (Capozzi, Hammer, McCollum, \u0026 Penn, 2016). Additionally, evidence demonstrates intraperitoneal infusions of 17,18-EEQ and 19,20-EDP protect against allergic intestinal inflammation and kidney fibrosis in corresponding mouse models (Kunisawa et al., 2015; Sharma et al., 2016). 17,18-EEQ was able to inhibit TNFα-induced inflammation in human lung tissue obtained from patients undergoing surgery for lung carcinoma via inhibition of NF-κB and activation of the transcription factor PPAR-γ (Morin, Sirois, Echave, Albadine, \u0026 Rousseau, 2010). The anti-inflammatory properties of DHA epoxides were also well demonstrated using animal models of inflammatory pain. For example, Morisseau et al. demonstrated that direct injection of the DHA epoxides, EDPs, together with the pro-inflammatory carrageenan into the paw or spinal cord of male Sprague-Dawley rats resulted in significant antihyperalgesic activity. Surprisingly, both the parent free fatty acid DHA and the corresponding diols were inactive, supporting the hypothesis that the epoxylipids mediate many of the beneficial effects of the parent compounds (Morisseau et al., 2010). The bacterial endotoxin, LPS, has a marked role in triggering inflammatory injury which can result in several cardiovascular complications. In a study using HL-1 cardiac cells, 19,20-EDP protected against LPS-stimulated inflammatory injury by activating the histone deacetylase Sirtuin-1 inhibiting the activation the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB (Samokhvalov, Jamieson, Vriend, Quan, \u0026 Seubert, 2015). The accumulating evidence suggests the anti-inflammatory properties of CYP-epoxygenase metabolites of n-3 PUFAs have a substantial role in activating protective responses in models of cardiovascular injury. However, further investigation is required to elucidate whether the protective properties limit cardiovascular injury secondary to COVID-19 infection."}

    LitCovid-PD-HP

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T215","span":{"begin":1732,"end":1747},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T216","span":{"begin":1952,"end":1961},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T217","span":{"begin":2202,"end":2206},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A215","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T215","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0030760"},{"id":"A216","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T216","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0030731"},{"id":"A217","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T217","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012531"}],"text":"CYP2J and CYP2C isoforms, the constitutively expressed cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases found in the cardiovascular system, metabolize EPA into 5 regioisomeric epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12-, 14,15-, 17,18-EEQ) and DHA into 6 regioisomeric epoxydocosapentaenoic acids (4,5-, 7,8-, 10,11-, 13,14-, 16,17-, 19,20-EDP) (Arnold et al., 2010; Konkel \u0026 Schunck, 2011; Westphal, Konkel, \u0026 Schunck, 2015). Recent evidence suggests that 17,18-EEQ and 19,20-EDP mediate several anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 PUFAs in various models of tissue injury (Arnold et al., 2010; Ulu et al., 2014; Wang, Chai, Lu, \u0026 Lee, 2011). For example, Fang et al. demonstrated a n-3 PUFA-rich diet attenuates MI injury in mice by producing a protective eicosanoid pattern, which results in shifting the metabolite profile to a more anti-inflammatory state by increasing the levels of the 19,20-EDP and 17,18-EEQ and decreasing the pro-inflammatory PGE2 (Fang et al., 2018). The cardioprotective effects of n-3 PUFAs are also attributed to their ability to attenuate the NLRP3 inflammasome complex cascade (Darwesh, Jamieson, Wang, Samokhvalov, \u0026 Seubert, 2019). Importantly, the anti-inflammatory features of CYP-derived epoxy metabolites have been reported in numerous models. For example, in TNFα-induced retinal vascular inflammation, Capozzi et al. demonstrated 19,20-EDP can ameliorate vascular adhesion molecule and intracellular adhesion molecule expression and reduce leukocyte adherence to human retinal microvascular endothelial cell monolayers (Capozzi, Hammer, McCollum, \u0026 Penn, 2016). Additionally, evidence demonstrates intraperitoneal infusions of 17,18-EEQ and 19,20-EDP protect against allergic intestinal inflammation and kidney fibrosis in corresponding mouse models (Kunisawa et al., 2015; Sharma et al., 2016). 17,18-EEQ was able to inhibit TNFα-induced inflammation in human lung tissue obtained from patients undergoing surgery for lung carcinoma via inhibition of NF-κB and activation of the transcription factor PPAR-γ (Morin, Sirois, Echave, Albadine, \u0026 Rousseau, 2010). The anti-inflammatory properties of DHA epoxides were also well demonstrated using animal models of inflammatory pain. For example, Morisseau et al. demonstrated that direct injection of the DHA epoxides, EDPs, together with the pro-inflammatory carrageenan into the paw or spinal cord of male Sprague-Dawley rats resulted in significant antihyperalgesic activity. Surprisingly, both the parent free fatty acid DHA and the corresponding diols were inactive, supporting the hypothesis that the epoxylipids mediate many of the beneficial effects of the parent compounds (Morisseau et al., 2010). The bacterial endotoxin, LPS, has a marked role in triggering inflammatory injury which can result in several cardiovascular complications. In a study using HL-1 cardiac cells, 19,20-EDP protected against LPS-stimulated inflammatory injury by activating the histone deacetylase Sirtuin-1 inhibiting the activation the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB (Samokhvalov, Jamieson, Vriend, Quan, \u0026 Seubert, 2015). The accumulating evidence suggests the anti-inflammatory properties of CYP-epoxygenase metabolites of n-3 PUFAs have a substantial role in activating protective responses in models of cardiovascular injury. However, further investigation is required to elucidate whether the protective properties limit cardiovascular injury secondary to COVID-19 infection."}

    2_test

    {"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"33031856-20732876-84039021","span":{"begin":351,"end":355},"obj":"20732876"},{"id":"33031856-20869469-84039022","span":{"begin":375,"end":379},"obj":"20869469"},{"id":"33031856-26002735-84039023","span":{"begin":410,"end":414},"obj":"26002735"},{"id":"33031856-20732876-84039024","span":{"begin":577,"end":581},"obj":"20732876"},{"id":"33031856-24691274-84039025","span":{"begin":595,"end":599},"obj":"24691274"},{"id":"33031856-21187320-84039026","span":{"begin":624,"end":628},"obj":"21187320"},{"id":"33031856-30223037-84039027","span":{"begin":959,"end":963},"obj":"30223037"},{"id":"33031856-30326194-84039028","span":{"begin":1147,"end":1151},"obj":"30326194"},{"id":"33031856-26065911-84039029","span":{"begin":1796,"end":1800},"obj":"26065911"},{"id":"33031856-20008283-84039030","span":{"begin":2082,"end":2086},"obj":"20008283"},{"id":"33031856-20664072-84039031","span":{"begin":2676,"end":2680},"obj":"20664072"}],"text":"CYP2J and CYP2C isoforms, the constitutively expressed cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases found in the cardiovascular system, metabolize EPA into 5 regioisomeric epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12-, 14,15-, 17,18-EEQ) and DHA into 6 regioisomeric epoxydocosapentaenoic acids (4,5-, 7,8-, 10,11-, 13,14-, 16,17-, 19,20-EDP) (Arnold et al., 2010; Konkel \u0026 Schunck, 2011; Westphal, Konkel, \u0026 Schunck, 2015). Recent evidence suggests that 17,18-EEQ and 19,20-EDP mediate several anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 PUFAs in various models of tissue injury (Arnold et al., 2010; Ulu et al., 2014; Wang, Chai, Lu, \u0026 Lee, 2011). For example, Fang et al. demonstrated a n-3 PUFA-rich diet attenuates MI injury in mice by producing a protective eicosanoid pattern, which results in shifting the metabolite profile to a more anti-inflammatory state by increasing the levels of the 19,20-EDP and 17,18-EEQ and decreasing the pro-inflammatory PGE2 (Fang et al., 2018). The cardioprotective effects of n-3 PUFAs are also attributed to their ability to attenuate the NLRP3 inflammasome complex cascade (Darwesh, Jamieson, Wang, Samokhvalov, \u0026 Seubert, 2019). Importantly, the anti-inflammatory features of CYP-derived epoxy metabolites have been reported in numerous models. For example, in TNFα-induced retinal vascular inflammation, Capozzi et al. demonstrated 19,20-EDP can ameliorate vascular adhesion molecule and intracellular adhesion molecule expression and reduce leukocyte adherence to human retinal microvascular endothelial cell monolayers (Capozzi, Hammer, McCollum, \u0026 Penn, 2016). Additionally, evidence demonstrates intraperitoneal infusions of 17,18-EEQ and 19,20-EDP protect against allergic intestinal inflammation and kidney fibrosis in corresponding mouse models (Kunisawa et al., 2015; Sharma et al., 2016). 17,18-EEQ was able to inhibit TNFα-induced inflammation in human lung tissue obtained from patients undergoing surgery for lung carcinoma via inhibition of NF-κB and activation of the transcription factor PPAR-γ (Morin, Sirois, Echave, Albadine, \u0026 Rousseau, 2010). The anti-inflammatory properties of DHA epoxides were also well demonstrated using animal models of inflammatory pain. For example, Morisseau et al. demonstrated that direct injection of the DHA epoxides, EDPs, together with the pro-inflammatory carrageenan into the paw or spinal cord of male Sprague-Dawley rats resulted in significant antihyperalgesic activity. Surprisingly, both the parent free fatty acid DHA and the corresponding diols were inactive, supporting the hypothesis that the epoxylipids mediate many of the beneficial effects of the parent compounds (Morisseau et al., 2010). The bacterial endotoxin, LPS, has a marked role in triggering inflammatory injury which can result in several cardiovascular complications. In a study using HL-1 cardiac cells, 19,20-EDP protected against LPS-stimulated inflammatory injury by activating the histone deacetylase Sirtuin-1 inhibiting the activation the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB (Samokhvalov, Jamieson, Vriend, Quan, \u0026 Seubert, 2015). The accumulating evidence suggests the anti-inflammatory properties of CYP-epoxygenase metabolites of n-3 PUFAs have a substantial role in activating protective responses in models of cardiovascular injury. However, further investigation is required to elucidate whether the protective properties limit cardiovascular injury secondary to COVID-19 infection."}

    LitCovid-PubTator

    {"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"2386","span":{"begin":1062,"end":1067},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2387","span":{"begin":1201,"end":1204},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2388","span":{"begin":1286,"end":1290},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2389","span":{"begin":1854,"end":1858},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2390","span":{"begin":1980,"end":1985},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2391","span":{"begin":2029,"end":2035},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2392","span":{"begin":2961,"end":2970},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2393","span":{"begin":3039,"end":3044},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2394","span":{"begin":3172,"end":3175},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2395","span":{"begin":675,"end":679},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2396","span":{"begin":714,"end":718},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2397","span":{"begin":1491,"end":1496},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2398","span":{"begin":1765,"end":1770},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2399","span":{"begin":1883,"end":1888},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2400","span":{"begin":1915,"end":1923},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2401","span":{"begin":2383,"end":2402},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"2402","span":{"begin":72,"end":75},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2403","span":{"begin":55,"end":70},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"2404","span":{"begin":447,"end":456},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2405","span":{"begin":461,"end":470},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2406","span":{"begin":516,"end":525},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2407","span":{"begin":745,"end":755},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2408","span":{"begin":880,"end":889},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2409","span":{"begin":894,"end":903},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2410","span":{"begin":940,"end":944},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2411","span":{"begin":998,"end":1007},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2412","span":{"begin":1363,"end":1367},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2413","span":{"begin":1655,"end":1664},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2414","span":{"begin":1669,"end":1678},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2415","span":{"begin":1824,"end":1833},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2416","span":{"begin":2125,"end":2137},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2417","span":{"begin":2280,"end":2292},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2418","span":{"begin":2294,"end":2298},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2419","span":{"begin":2335,"end":2346},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2420","span":{"begin":2489,"end":2499},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2421","span":{"begin":2500,"end":2503},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2422","span":{"begin":2526,"end":2531},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2423","span":{"begin":2582,"end":2593},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2424","span":{"begin":2708,"end":2711},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2425","span":{"begin":2862,"end":2869},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2426","span":{"begin":2888,"end":2891},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2427","span":{"begin":3203,"end":3212},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"2428","span":{"begin":547,"end":560},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"2429","span":{"begin":701,"end":710},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"2430","span":{"begin":1299,"end":1328},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"2431","span":{"begin":1695,"end":1727},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"2432","span":{"begin":1732,"end":1747},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"2433","span":{"begin":1867,"end":1879},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"2434","span":{"begin":1947,"end":1961},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"2435","span":{"begin":2189,"end":2206},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"2436","span":{"begin":2745,"end":2764},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"2437","span":{"begin":2793,"end":2821},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"2438","span":{"begin":2903,"end":2922},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"2439","span":{"begin":3285,"end":3306},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"2440","span":{"begin":3404,"end":3425},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"2441","span":{"begin":3439,"end":3447},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"2442","span":{"begin":3448,"end":3457},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"2443","span":{"begin":2840,"end":2844},"obj":"CellLine"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A2386","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2386","obj":"Gene:114548"},{"id":"A2387","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2387","obj":"Gene:4051"},{"id":"A2388","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2388","obj":"Gene:7124"},{"id":"A2389","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2389","obj":"Gene:21926"},{"id":"A2390","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2390","obj":"Gene:4790"},{"id":"A2391","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2391","obj":"Gene:5468"},{"id":"A2392","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2392","obj":"Gene:23411"},{"id":"A2393","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2393","obj":"Gene:4790"},{"id":"A2394","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2394","obj":"Gene:4051"},{"id":"A2395","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2395","obj":"Gene:9933"},{"id":"A2396","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2396","obj":"Tax:10090"},{"id":"A2397","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2397","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A2398","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2398","obj":"Tax:10090"},{"id":"A2399","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2399","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A2400","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2400","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A2401","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2401","obj":"Tax:10116"},{"id":"A2402","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"2402","obj":"Gene:4051"},{"id":"A2403","pred":"tao:has_data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and CYP2C isoforms, the constitutively expressed cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases found in the cardiovascular system, metabolize EPA into 5 regioisomeric epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12-, 14,15-, 17,18-EEQ) and DHA into 6 regioisomeric epoxydocosapentaenoic acids (4,5-, 7,8-, 10,11-, 13,14-, 16,17-, 19,20-EDP) (Arnold et al., 2010; Konkel \u0026 Schunck, 2011; Westphal, Konkel, \u0026 Schunck, 2015). Recent evidence suggests that 17,18-EEQ and 19,20-EDP mediate several anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 PUFAs in various models of tissue injury (Arnold et al., 2010; Ulu et al., 2014; Wang, Chai, Lu, \u0026 Lee, 2011). For example, Fang et al. demonstrated a n-3 PUFA-rich diet attenuates MI injury in mice by producing a protective eicosanoid pattern, which results in shifting the metabolite profile to a more anti-inflammatory state by increasing the levels of the 19,20-EDP and 17,18-EEQ and decreasing the pro-inflammatory PGE2 (Fang et al., 2018). The cardioprotective effects of n-3 PUFAs are also attributed to their ability to attenuate the NLRP3 inflammasome complex cascade (Darwesh, Jamieson, Wang, Samokhvalov, \u0026 Seubert, 2019). Importantly, the anti-inflammatory features of CYP-derived epoxy metabolites have been reported in numerous models. For example, in TNFα-induced retinal vascular inflammation, Capozzi et al. demonstrated 19,20-EDP can ameliorate vascular adhesion molecule and intracellular adhesion molecule expression and reduce leukocyte adherence to human retinal microvascular endothelial cell monolayers (Capozzi, Hammer, McCollum, \u0026 Penn, 2016). Additionally, evidence demonstrates intraperitoneal infusions of 17,18-EEQ and 19,20-EDP protect against allergic intestinal inflammation and kidney fibrosis in corresponding mouse models (Kunisawa et al., 2015; Sharma et al., 2016). 17,18-EEQ was able to inhibit TNFα-induced inflammation in human lung tissue obtained from patients undergoing surgery for lung carcinoma via inhibition of NF-κB and activation of the transcription factor PPAR-γ (Morin, Sirois, Echave, Albadine, \u0026 Rousseau, 2010). The anti-inflammatory properties of DHA epoxides were also well demonstrated using animal models of inflammatory pain. For example, Morisseau et al. demonstrated that direct injection of the DHA epoxides, EDPs, together with the pro-inflammatory carrageenan into the paw or spinal cord of male Sprague-Dawley rats resulted in significant antihyperalgesic activity. Surprisingly, both the parent free fatty acid DHA and the corresponding diols were inactive, supporting the hypothesis that the epoxylipids mediate many of the beneficial effects of the parent compounds (Morisseau et al., 2010). The bacterial endotoxin, LPS, has a marked role in triggering inflammatory injury which can result in several cardiovascular complications. In a study using HL-1 cardiac cells, 19,20-EDP protected against LPS-stimulated inflammatory injury by activating the histone deacetylase Sirtuin-1 inhibiting the activation the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB (Samokhvalov, Jamieson, Vriend, Quan, \u0026 Seubert, 2015). The accumulating evidence suggests the anti-inflammatory properties of CYP-epoxygenase metabolites of n-3 PUFAs have a substantial role in activating protective responses in models of cardiovascular injury. However, further investigation is required to elucidate whether the protective properties limit cardiovascular injury secondary to COVID-19 infection."}