PMC:7534795 / 4703-8036
Annnotations
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T26828","span":{"begin":319,"end":328},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T62683","span":{"begin":458,"end":463},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T69623","span":{"begin":527,"end":540},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T2300","span":{"begin":673,"end":681},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T70564","span":{"begin":996,"end":1001},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T71556","span":{"begin":1344,"end":1357},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T41271","span":{"begin":1381,"end":1385},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T45585","span":{"begin":1406,"end":1413},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T90573","span":{"begin":1461,"end":1469},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T84940","span":{"begin":1586,"end":1597},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T2963","span":{"begin":1598,"end":1608},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T89453","span":{"begin":1639,"end":1642},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T80835","span":{"begin":1660,"end":1663},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T16035","span":{"begin":1710,"end":1721},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T75061","span":{"begin":1785,"end":1788},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T35610","span":{"begin":1836,"end":1839},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T79976","span":{"begin":1865,"end":1874},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T70672","span":{"begin":1914,"end":1922},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T41412","span":{"begin":2012,"end":2021},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T31184","span":{"begin":2645,"end":2650},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T42589","span":{"begin":3038,"end":3059},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T72751","span":{"begin":3061,"end":3063},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T4655","span":{"begin":3245,"end":3256},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A16987","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T26828","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74644"},{"id":"A54297","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T62683","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7088"},{"id":"A32432","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T69623","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma264829"},{"id":"A69341","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T2300","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050"},{"id":"A47603","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T70564","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67498"},{"id":"A84707","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T71556","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86583"},{"id":"A58565","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T41271","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86583"},{"id":"A77219","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T45585","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257"},{"id":"A37735","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T90573","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050"},{"id":"A8018","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T84940","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62854"},{"id":"A79436","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T2963","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63261"},{"id":"A20235","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T89453","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma20935"},{"id":"A13646","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T80835","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma20935"},{"id":"A20919","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T16035","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63261"},{"id":"A89865","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T75061","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma20935"},{"id":"A56763","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T35610","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma20935"},{"id":"A40122","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T79976","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050"},{"id":"A23740","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T70672","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050"},{"id":"A90308","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T41412","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050"},{"id":"A70233","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T31184","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7088"},{"id":"A35293","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T42589","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63842"},{"id":"A50831","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T72751","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63842"},{"id":"A97648","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T4655","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82738"}],"text":"Table 1 Overview of some proposed pharmacological agents with potential beneficial effects in COVID-19 patients.\nPharmacological intervention Conclusion Reference\nAntioxidants including Vitamin C and E • Antioxidant effects may ameliorate cardiac injuries of critically ill COVID-19 patients (Wang, Zhang, \u0026 Bai, 2020)\nMelatonin • May have preventive effect against septic cardiomyopathy\n• Has benefits in myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, hypertensive heart diseases, and pulmonary hypertension (Zhang et al., 2020)\nAnti-interleukin-6 • Tocilizumab (anti-IL-6 receptor), siltuximab (anti-IL-6), and sirukumab (anti-IL-6) are proposed as possible treatments to manage cytokine storm and elevated IL-6 levels (Akhmerov \u0026 Marban, 2020; Hendren, Drazner, Bozkurt, \u0026 Cooper Jr., 2020; Rizk et al., 2020)\nAnti-TNFα • Infliximab, adalimumab, etanercept, golimumab, certolizumab as TNFα neutralizing therapies suggested as potential agents for COVID-19 hyperinflammatory state which may ameliorate organ damage including acute cardiac injury (Convertino et al., 2020)\nJanus kinase (JAK) inhibitors • Ruxolitinib, tofacitinib, baricitinib are proposed to be beneficial in controlling excessive IL-6 signaling through STAT-1 and STAT-3 pathways (Alijotas-Reig et al., 2020; Convertino et al., 2020; Richardson et al., 2020; Rizk et al., 2020)\nAnti-interleukin-1 • Anakinra, a modified IL-1 receptor antagonist protein, is suggested to have therapeutic potential in cytokine storm, given its effectiveness on patient survival in severe sepsis (Alijotas-Reig et al., 2020; Rizk et al., 2020)\nGranulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) inhibition • GM-CSF can play a pro-inflammatory role signaling to macrophages\n• COVID-19 patients have been demonstrated to have elevated GM-CSF levels\n• Literature proposes that targeting GM-CSF upstream of inflammatory cytokines ex. gimsilumab, may be useful to blunt cytokine storm (Rizk et al., 2020)\nStatins • Anti-inflammatory properties, including reduction in cytokines, may benefit in COVID-19 hyperinflammatory states in addition to their conventional cardioprotective properties (Alijotas-Reig et al., 2020; Rizk et al., 2020)\nACEi/ARBs • Proposed that treatment with RAAS antagonists may theoretically be beneficial by upregulating ACE2 and compensating for ACE2 receptors lost due to COVID-19 (Akhmerov \u0026 Marban, 2020)\nN-acetylcysteine (NAC) • Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of NAC proposed as an adjuvant therapy for COVID-19 and secondary cardiovascular complications\n• Suggested role for NAC in prevention of hypertension, atherosclerosis-associated inflammation, acute heart failure, thrombo-inflammation, and myocardial ischemia (De Flora, Balansky, \u0026 La Maestra, 2020; Guglielmetti et al., 2020)\nEicosanoids and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors • Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving\n• Inhibition of their metabolizing enzyme, sEH, may be beneficial by maintaining eicosanoid levels and reducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress\n• Potential to limit inflammatory storm and resolve inflammation in addition to their established cardioprotective properties\n• Co-treatment with sEH inhibitors and omega-3 fatty acids may provide synergistic effects (Hammock, Wang, Gilligan, \u0026 Panigrahy, 2020)"}
LitCovid-PD-UBERON
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":458,"end":463},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":996,"end":1001},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":2645,"end":2650},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A15","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T15","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948"},{"id":"A16","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T16","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000062"},{"id":"A17","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T17","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948"}],"text":"Table 1 Overview of some proposed pharmacological agents with potential beneficial effects in COVID-19 patients.\nPharmacological intervention Conclusion Reference\nAntioxidants including Vitamin C and E • Antioxidant effects may ameliorate cardiac injuries of critically ill COVID-19 patients (Wang, Zhang, \u0026 Bai, 2020)\nMelatonin • May have preventive effect against septic cardiomyopathy\n• Has benefits in myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, hypertensive heart diseases, and pulmonary hypertension (Zhang et al., 2020)\nAnti-interleukin-6 • Tocilizumab (anti-IL-6 receptor), siltuximab (anti-IL-6), and sirukumab (anti-IL-6) are proposed as possible treatments to manage cytokine storm and elevated IL-6 levels (Akhmerov \u0026 Marban, 2020; Hendren, Drazner, Bozkurt, \u0026 Cooper Jr., 2020; Rizk et al., 2020)\nAnti-TNFα • Infliximab, adalimumab, etanercept, golimumab, certolizumab as TNFα neutralizing therapies suggested as potential agents for COVID-19 hyperinflammatory state which may ameliorate organ damage including acute cardiac injury (Convertino et al., 2020)\nJanus kinase (JAK) inhibitors • Ruxolitinib, tofacitinib, baricitinib are proposed to be beneficial in controlling excessive IL-6 signaling through STAT-1 and STAT-3 pathways (Alijotas-Reig et al., 2020; Convertino et al., 2020; Richardson et al., 2020; Rizk et al., 2020)\nAnti-interleukin-1 • Anakinra, a modified IL-1 receptor antagonist protein, is suggested to have therapeutic potential in cytokine storm, given its effectiveness on patient survival in severe sepsis (Alijotas-Reig et al., 2020; Rizk et al., 2020)\nGranulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) inhibition • GM-CSF can play a pro-inflammatory role signaling to macrophages\n• COVID-19 patients have been demonstrated to have elevated GM-CSF levels\n• Literature proposes that targeting GM-CSF upstream of inflammatory cytokines ex. gimsilumab, may be useful to blunt cytokine storm (Rizk et al., 2020)\nStatins • Anti-inflammatory properties, including reduction in cytokines, may benefit in COVID-19 hyperinflammatory states in addition to their conventional cardioprotective properties (Alijotas-Reig et al., 2020; Rizk et al., 2020)\nACEi/ARBs • Proposed that treatment with RAAS antagonists may theoretically be beneficial by upregulating ACE2 and compensating for ACE2 receptors lost due to COVID-19 (Akhmerov \u0026 Marban, 2020)\nN-acetylcysteine (NAC) • Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of NAC proposed as an adjuvant therapy for COVID-19 and secondary cardiovascular complications\n• Suggested role for NAC in prevention of hypertension, atherosclerosis-associated inflammation, acute heart failure, thrombo-inflammation, and myocardial ischemia (De Flora, Balansky, \u0026 La Maestra, 2020; Guglielmetti et al., 2020)\nEicosanoids and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors • Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving\n• Inhibition of their metabolizing enzyme, sEH, may be beneficial by maintaining eicosanoid levels and reducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress\n• Potential to limit inflammatory storm and resolve inflammation in addition to their established cardioprotective properties\n• Co-treatment with sEH inhibitors and omega-3 fatty acids may provide synergistic effects (Hammock, Wang, Gilligan, \u0026 Panigrahy, 2020)"}
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T44","span":{"begin":94,"end":102},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T45","span":{"begin":274,"end":282},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T46","span":{"begin":373,"end":387},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T47","span":{"begin":406,"end":427},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T48","span":{"begin":429,"end":443},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T49","span":{"begin":445,"end":472},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T50","span":{"begin":478,"end":500},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T51","span":{"begin":488,"end":500},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T52","span":{"begin":942,"end":950},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T53","span":{"begin":1033,"end":1039},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T54","span":{"begin":1724,"end":1732},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T55","span":{"begin":2038,"end":2046},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T56","span":{"begin":2341,"end":2349},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T57","span":{"begin":2490,"end":2498},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T58","span":{"begin":2584,"end":2596},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T59","span":{"begin":2598,"end":2613},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T60","span":{"begin":2625,"end":2637},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T61","span":{"begin":2645,"end":2658},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T62","span":{"begin":2668,"end":2680},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T63","span":{"begin":2686,"end":2705},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T64","span":{"begin":2697,"end":2705},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T65","span":{"begin":3124,"end":3136},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A44","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T44","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A45","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T45","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A46","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T46","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004994"},{"id":"A47","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T47","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005068"},{"id":"A48","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T48","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004994"},{"id":"A49","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T49","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001302"},{"id":"A50","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T50","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005149"},{"id":"A51","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T51","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005044"},{"id":"A52","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T52","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A53","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T53","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178"},{"id":"A54","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T54","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A55","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T55","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A56","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T56","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A57","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T57","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A58","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T58","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005044"},{"id":"A59","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T59","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005311"},{"id":"A60","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T60","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021166"},{"id":"A61","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T61","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005252"},{"id":"A62","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T62","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021166"},{"id":"A63","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T63","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0024644"},{"id":"A64","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T64","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005053"},{"id":"A65","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T65","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021166"}],"text":"Table 1 Overview of some proposed pharmacological agents with potential beneficial effects in COVID-19 patients.\nPharmacological intervention Conclusion Reference\nAntioxidants including Vitamin C and E • Antioxidant effects may ameliorate cardiac injuries of critically ill COVID-19 patients (Wang, Zhang, \u0026 Bai, 2020)\nMelatonin • May have preventive effect against septic cardiomyopathy\n• Has benefits in myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, hypertensive heart diseases, and pulmonary hypertension (Zhang et al., 2020)\nAnti-interleukin-6 • Tocilizumab (anti-IL-6 receptor), siltuximab (anti-IL-6), and sirukumab (anti-IL-6) are proposed as possible treatments to manage cytokine storm and elevated IL-6 levels (Akhmerov \u0026 Marban, 2020; Hendren, Drazner, Bozkurt, \u0026 Cooper Jr., 2020; Rizk et al., 2020)\nAnti-TNFα • Infliximab, adalimumab, etanercept, golimumab, certolizumab as TNFα neutralizing therapies suggested as potential agents for COVID-19 hyperinflammatory state which may ameliorate organ damage including acute cardiac injury (Convertino et al., 2020)\nJanus kinase (JAK) inhibitors • Ruxolitinib, tofacitinib, baricitinib are proposed to be beneficial in controlling excessive IL-6 signaling through STAT-1 and STAT-3 pathways (Alijotas-Reig et al., 2020; Convertino et al., 2020; Richardson et al., 2020; Rizk et al., 2020)\nAnti-interleukin-1 • Anakinra, a modified IL-1 receptor antagonist protein, is suggested to have therapeutic potential in cytokine storm, given its effectiveness on patient survival in severe sepsis (Alijotas-Reig et al., 2020; Rizk et al., 2020)\nGranulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) inhibition • GM-CSF can play a pro-inflammatory role signaling to macrophages\n• COVID-19 patients have been demonstrated to have elevated GM-CSF levels\n• Literature proposes that targeting GM-CSF upstream of inflammatory cytokines ex. gimsilumab, may be useful to blunt cytokine storm (Rizk et al., 2020)\nStatins • Anti-inflammatory properties, including reduction in cytokines, may benefit in COVID-19 hyperinflammatory states in addition to their conventional cardioprotective properties (Alijotas-Reig et al., 2020; Rizk et al., 2020)\nACEi/ARBs • Proposed that treatment with RAAS antagonists may theoretically be beneficial by upregulating ACE2 and compensating for ACE2 receptors lost due to COVID-19 (Akhmerov \u0026 Marban, 2020)\nN-acetylcysteine (NAC) • Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of NAC proposed as an adjuvant therapy for COVID-19 and secondary cardiovascular complications\n• Suggested role for NAC in prevention of hypertension, atherosclerosis-associated inflammation, acute heart failure, thrombo-inflammation, and myocardial ischemia (De Flora, Balansky, \u0026 La Maestra, 2020; Guglielmetti et al., 2020)\nEicosanoids and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors • Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving\n• Inhibition of their metabolizing enzyme, sEH, may be beneficial by maintaining eicosanoid levels and reducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress\n• Potential to limit inflammatory storm and resolve inflammation in addition to their established cardioprotective properties\n• Co-treatment with sEH inhibitors and omega-3 fatty acids may provide synergistic effects (Hammock, Wang, Gilligan, \u0026 Panigrahy, 2020)"}
LitCovid-PD-CLO
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T20269","span":{"begin":390,"end":393},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582"},{"id":"T32303","span":{"begin":458,"end":463},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948"},{"id":"T86034","span":{"begin":458,"end":463},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007100"},{"id":"T68915","span":{"begin":458,"end":463},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0015228"},{"id":"T41295","span":{"begin":458,"end":463},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000815"},{"id":"T78016","span":{"begin":527,"end":540},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001393"},{"id":"T85990","span":{"begin":996,"end":1001},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003103"},{"id":"T15304","span":{"begin":1196,"end":1205},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418"},{"id":"T98618","span":{"begin":1344,"end":1357},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001091"},{"id":"T66694","span":{"begin":1370,"end":1371},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T23727","span":{"begin":1673,"end":1674},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T5199","span":{"begin":1697,"end":1706},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418"},{"id":"T73249","span":{"begin":2645,"end":2650},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948"},{"id":"T2074","span":{"begin":2645,"end":2650},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007100"},{"id":"T35465","span":{"begin":2645,"end":2650},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0015228"},{"id":"T11230","span":{"begin":2645,"end":2650},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000815"}],"text":"Table 1 Overview of some proposed pharmacological agents with potential beneficial effects in COVID-19 patients.\nPharmacological intervention Conclusion Reference\nAntioxidants including Vitamin C and E • Antioxidant effects may ameliorate cardiac injuries of critically ill COVID-19 patients (Wang, Zhang, \u0026 Bai, 2020)\nMelatonin • May have preventive effect against septic cardiomyopathy\n• Has benefits in myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, hypertensive heart diseases, and pulmonary hypertension (Zhang et al., 2020)\nAnti-interleukin-6 • Tocilizumab (anti-IL-6 receptor), siltuximab (anti-IL-6), and sirukumab (anti-IL-6) are proposed as possible treatments to manage cytokine storm and elevated IL-6 levels (Akhmerov \u0026 Marban, 2020; Hendren, Drazner, Bozkurt, \u0026 Cooper Jr., 2020; Rizk et al., 2020)\nAnti-TNFα • Infliximab, adalimumab, etanercept, golimumab, certolizumab as TNFα neutralizing therapies suggested as potential agents for COVID-19 hyperinflammatory state which may ameliorate organ damage including acute cardiac injury (Convertino et al., 2020)\nJanus kinase (JAK) inhibitors • Ruxolitinib, tofacitinib, baricitinib are proposed to be beneficial in controlling excessive IL-6 signaling through STAT-1 and STAT-3 pathways (Alijotas-Reig et al., 2020; Convertino et al., 2020; Richardson et al., 2020; Rizk et al., 2020)\nAnti-interleukin-1 • Anakinra, a modified IL-1 receptor antagonist protein, is suggested to have therapeutic potential in cytokine storm, given its effectiveness on patient survival in severe sepsis (Alijotas-Reig et al., 2020; Rizk et al., 2020)\nGranulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) inhibition • GM-CSF can play a pro-inflammatory role signaling to macrophages\n• COVID-19 patients have been demonstrated to have elevated GM-CSF levels\n• Literature proposes that targeting GM-CSF upstream of inflammatory cytokines ex. gimsilumab, may be useful to blunt cytokine storm (Rizk et al., 2020)\nStatins • Anti-inflammatory properties, including reduction in cytokines, may benefit in COVID-19 hyperinflammatory states in addition to their conventional cardioprotective properties (Alijotas-Reig et al., 2020; Rizk et al., 2020)\nACEi/ARBs • Proposed that treatment with RAAS antagonists may theoretically be beneficial by upregulating ACE2 and compensating for ACE2 receptors lost due to COVID-19 (Akhmerov \u0026 Marban, 2020)\nN-acetylcysteine (NAC) • Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of NAC proposed as an adjuvant therapy for COVID-19 and secondary cardiovascular complications\n• Suggested role for NAC in prevention of hypertension, atherosclerosis-associated inflammation, acute heart failure, thrombo-inflammation, and myocardial ischemia (De Flora, Balansky, \u0026 La Maestra, 2020; Guglielmetti et al., 2020)\nEicosanoids and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors • Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving\n• Inhibition of their metabolizing enzyme, sEH, may be beneficial by maintaining eicosanoid levels and reducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress\n• Potential to limit inflammatory storm and resolve inflammation in addition to their established cardioprotective properties\n• Co-treatment with sEH inhibitors and omega-3 fatty acids may provide synergistic effects (Hammock, Wang, Gilligan, \u0026 Panigrahy, 2020)"}
LitCovid-PD-CHEBI
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T35","span":{"begin":186,"end":195},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T38","span":{"begin":186,"end":193},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T39","span":{"begin":319,"end":328},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T40","span":{"begin":561,"end":563},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T42","span":{"begin":594,"end":596},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T44","span":{"begin":621,"end":623},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T46","span":{"begin":701,"end":703},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T48","span":{"begin":841,"end":851},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T49","span":{"begin":1085,"end":1095},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T50","span":{"begin":1111,"end":1122},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T51","span":{"begin":1191,"end":1193},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T53","span":{"begin":1381,"end":1383},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T55","span":{"begin":1395,"end":1405},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T56","span":{"begin":1406,"end":1413},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T57","span":{"begin":1636,"end":1638},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T58","span":{"begin":1657,"end":1659},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T59","span":{"begin":1782,"end":1784},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T60","span":{"begin":1833,"end":1835},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T61","span":{"begin":2228,"end":2239},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T62","span":{"begin":2376,"end":2392},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T63","span":{"begin":2378,"end":2392},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T64","span":{"begin":2394,"end":2397},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T66","span":{"begin":2406,"end":2413},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T67","span":{"begin":2450,"end":2453},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T69","span":{"begin":2469,"end":2477},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T70","span":{"begin":2563,"end":2566},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T72","span":{"begin":2729,"end":2731},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T73","span":{"begin":2798,"end":2805},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T74","span":{"begin":2822,"end":2832},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T75","span":{"begin":2835,"end":2860},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T76","span":{"begin":2855,"end":2860},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T77","span":{"begin":2862,"end":2866},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T78","span":{"begin":3007,"end":3017},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T79","span":{"begin":3200,"end":3202},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T80","span":{"begin":3222,"end":3232},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T81","span":{"begin":3237,"end":3256},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T82","span":{"begin":3245,"end":3256},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T83","span":{"begin":3251,"end":3256},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A35","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T35","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_21241"},{"id":"A36","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T35","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29073"},{"id":"A37","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T35","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38290"},{"id":"A38","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T38","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33229"},{"id":"A39","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T39","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16796"},{"id":"A40","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T40","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895"},{"id":"A41","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T40","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072"},{"id":"A42","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T42","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895"},{"id":"A43","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T42","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072"},{"id":"A44","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T44","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895"},{"id":"A45","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T44","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072"},{"id":"A46","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T46","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895"},{"id":"A47","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T46","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072"},{"id":"A48","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T48","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_4875"},{"id":"A49","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T49","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222"},{"id":"A50","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T50","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_71200"},{"id":"A51","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T51","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895"},{"id":"A52","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T51","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072"},{"id":"A53","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T53","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895"},{"id":"A54","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T53","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072"},{"id":"A55","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T55","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48706"},{"id":"A56","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T56","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080"},{"id":"A57","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T57","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74120"},{"id":"A58","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T58","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74120"},{"id":"A59","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T59","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74120"},{"id":"A60","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T60","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74120"},{"id":"A61","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T61","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48706"},{"id":"A62","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T62","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28939"},{"id":"A63","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T63","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22198"},{"id":"A64","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T64","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28939"},{"id":"A65","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T64","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_7421"},{"id":"A66","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T66","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63248"},{"id":"A67","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T67","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28939"},{"id":"A68","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T67","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_7421"},{"id":"A69","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T69","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60809"},{"id":"A70","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T70","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28939"},{"id":"A71","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T70","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_7421"},{"id":"A72","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T72","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33336"},{"id":"A73","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T73","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32955"},{"id":"A74","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T74","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222"},{"id":"A75","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T75","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64007"},{"id":"A76","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T76","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527"},{"id":"A77","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T77","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64007"},{"id":"A78","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T78","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23899"},{"id":"A79","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T79","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27638"},{"id":"A80","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T80","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222"},{"id":"A81","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T81","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25681"},{"id":"A82","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T82","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35366"},{"id":"A83","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T83","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527"}],"text":"Table 1 Overview of some proposed pharmacological agents with potential beneficial effects in COVID-19 patients.\nPharmacological intervention Conclusion Reference\nAntioxidants including Vitamin C and E • Antioxidant effects may ameliorate cardiac injuries of critically ill COVID-19 patients (Wang, Zhang, \u0026 Bai, 2020)\nMelatonin • May have preventive effect against septic cardiomyopathy\n• Has benefits in myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, hypertensive heart diseases, and pulmonary hypertension (Zhang et al., 2020)\nAnti-interleukin-6 • Tocilizumab (anti-IL-6 receptor), siltuximab (anti-IL-6), and sirukumab (anti-IL-6) are proposed as possible treatments to manage cytokine storm and elevated IL-6 levels (Akhmerov \u0026 Marban, 2020; Hendren, Drazner, Bozkurt, \u0026 Cooper Jr., 2020; Rizk et al., 2020)\nAnti-TNFα • Infliximab, adalimumab, etanercept, golimumab, certolizumab as TNFα neutralizing therapies suggested as potential agents for COVID-19 hyperinflammatory state which may ameliorate organ damage including acute cardiac injury (Convertino et al., 2020)\nJanus kinase (JAK) inhibitors • Ruxolitinib, tofacitinib, baricitinib are proposed to be beneficial in controlling excessive IL-6 signaling through STAT-1 and STAT-3 pathways (Alijotas-Reig et al., 2020; Convertino et al., 2020; Richardson et al., 2020; Rizk et al., 2020)\nAnti-interleukin-1 • Anakinra, a modified IL-1 receptor antagonist protein, is suggested to have therapeutic potential in cytokine storm, given its effectiveness on patient survival in severe sepsis (Alijotas-Reig et al., 2020; Rizk et al., 2020)\nGranulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) inhibition • GM-CSF can play a pro-inflammatory role signaling to macrophages\n• COVID-19 patients have been demonstrated to have elevated GM-CSF levels\n• Literature proposes that targeting GM-CSF upstream of inflammatory cytokines ex. gimsilumab, may be useful to blunt cytokine storm (Rizk et al., 2020)\nStatins • Anti-inflammatory properties, including reduction in cytokines, may benefit in COVID-19 hyperinflammatory states in addition to their conventional cardioprotective properties (Alijotas-Reig et al., 2020; Rizk et al., 2020)\nACEi/ARBs • Proposed that treatment with RAAS antagonists may theoretically be beneficial by upregulating ACE2 and compensating for ACE2 receptors lost due to COVID-19 (Akhmerov \u0026 Marban, 2020)\nN-acetylcysteine (NAC) • Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of NAC proposed as an adjuvant therapy for COVID-19 and secondary cardiovascular complications\n• Suggested role for NAC in prevention of hypertension, atherosclerosis-associated inflammation, acute heart failure, thrombo-inflammation, and myocardial ischemia (De Flora, Balansky, \u0026 La Maestra, 2020; Guglielmetti et al., 2020)\nEicosanoids and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors • Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving\n• Inhibition of their metabolizing enzyme, sEH, may be beneficial by maintaining eicosanoid levels and reducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress\n• Potential to limit inflammatory storm and resolve inflammation in addition to their established cardioprotective properties\n• Co-treatment with sEH inhibitors and omega-3 fatty acids may provide synergistic effects (Hammock, Wang, Gilligan, \u0026 Panigrahy, 2020)"}
LitCovid-PD-GO-BP
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T4456","span":{"begin":1196,"end":1205},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0023052"},{"id":"T38785","span":{"begin":1697,"end":1706},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0023052"},{"id":"T79378","span":{"begin":2625,"end":2637},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954"},{"id":"T50858","span":{"begin":2668,"end":2680},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954"},{"id":"T54320","span":{"begin":2817,"end":2820},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0033885"},{"id":"T86858","span":{"begin":2969,"end":2972},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0033885"},{"id":"T99650","span":{"begin":3124,"end":3136},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954"},{"id":"T10292","span":{"begin":3218,"end":3221},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0033885"}],"text":"Table 1 Overview of some proposed pharmacological agents with potential beneficial effects in COVID-19 patients.\nPharmacological intervention Conclusion Reference\nAntioxidants including Vitamin C and E • Antioxidant effects may ameliorate cardiac injuries of critically ill COVID-19 patients (Wang, Zhang, \u0026 Bai, 2020)\nMelatonin • May have preventive effect against septic cardiomyopathy\n• Has benefits in myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, hypertensive heart diseases, and pulmonary hypertension (Zhang et al., 2020)\nAnti-interleukin-6 • Tocilizumab (anti-IL-6 receptor), siltuximab (anti-IL-6), and sirukumab (anti-IL-6) are proposed as possible treatments to manage cytokine storm and elevated IL-6 levels (Akhmerov \u0026 Marban, 2020; Hendren, Drazner, Bozkurt, \u0026 Cooper Jr., 2020; Rizk et al., 2020)\nAnti-TNFα • Infliximab, adalimumab, etanercept, golimumab, certolizumab as TNFα neutralizing therapies suggested as potential agents for COVID-19 hyperinflammatory state which may ameliorate organ damage including acute cardiac injury (Convertino et al., 2020)\nJanus kinase (JAK) inhibitors • Ruxolitinib, tofacitinib, baricitinib are proposed to be beneficial in controlling excessive IL-6 signaling through STAT-1 and STAT-3 pathways (Alijotas-Reig et al., 2020; Convertino et al., 2020; Richardson et al., 2020; Rizk et al., 2020)\nAnti-interleukin-1 • Anakinra, a modified IL-1 receptor antagonist protein, is suggested to have therapeutic potential in cytokine storm, given its effectiveness on patient survival in severe sepsis (Alijotas-Reig et al., 2020; Rizk et al., 2020)\nGranulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) inhibition • GM-CSF can play a pro-inflammatory role signaling to macrophages\n• COVID-19 patients have been demonstrated to have elevated GM-CSF levels\n• Literature proposes that targeting GM-CSF upstream of inflammatory cytokines ex. gimsilumab, may be useful to blunt cytokine storm (Rizk et al., 2020)\nStatins • Anti-inflammatory properties, including reduction in cytokines, may benefit in COVID-19 hyperinflammatory states in addition to their conventional cardioprotective properties (Alijotas-Reig et al., 2020; Rizk et al., 2020)\nACEi/ARBs • Proposed that treatment with RAAS antagonists may theoretically be beneficial by upregulating ACE2 and compensating for ACE2 receptors lost due to COVID-19 (Akhmerov \u0026 Marban, 2020)\nN-acetylcysteine (NAC) • Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of NAC proposed as an adjuvant therapy for COVID-19 and secondary cardiovascular complications\n• Suggested role for NAC in prevention of hypertension, atherosclerosis-associated inflammation, acute heart failure, thrombo-inflammation, and myocardial ischemia (De Flora, Balansky, \u0026 La Maestra, 2020; Guglielmetti et al., 2020)\nEicosanoids and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors • Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving\n• Inhibition of their metabolizing enzyme, sEH, may be beneficial by maintaining eicosanoid levels and reducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress\n• Potential to limit inflammatory storm and resolve inflammation in addition to their established cardioprotective properties\n• Co-treatment with sEH inhibitors and omega-3 fatty acids may provide synergistic effects (Hammock, Wang, Gilligan, \u0026 Panigrahy, 2020)"}
LitCovid-sentences
{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T25","span":{"begin":0,"end":112},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T26","span":{"begin":113,"end":162},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T27","span":{"begin":163,"end":318},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T28","span":{"begin":319,"end":387},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T29","span":{"begin":388,"end":521},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T30","span":{"begin":522,"end":804},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T31","span":{"begin":805,"end":1065},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T32","span":{"begin":1066,"end":1338},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T33","span":{"begin":1339,"end":1585},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T34","span":{"begin":1586,"end":1721},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T35","span":{"begin":1722,"end":1795},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T36","span":{"begin":1796,"end":1948},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T37","span":{"begin":1949,"end":2181},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T38","span":{"begin":2182,"end":2375},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T39","span":{"begin":2376,"end":2541},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T40","span":{"begin":2542,"end":2773},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T41","span":{"begin":2774,"end":2925},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T42","span":{"begin":2926,"end":3071},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T43","span":{"begin":3072,"end":3197},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T44","span":{"begin":3198,"end":3333},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"Table 1 Overview of some proposed pharmacological agents with potential beneficial effects in COVID-19 patients.\nPharmacological intervention Conclusion Reference\nAntioxidants including Vitamin C and E • Antioxidant effects may ameliorate cardiac injuries of critically ill COVID-19 patients (Wang, Zhang, \u0026 Bai, 2020)\nMelatonin • May have preventive effect against septic cardiomyopathy\n• Has benefits in myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, hypertensive heart diseases, and pulmonary hypertension (Zhang et al., 2020)\nAnti-interleukin-6 • Tocilizumab (anti-IL-6 receptor), siltuximab (anti-IL-6), and sirukumab (anti-IL-6) are proposed as possible treatments to manage cytokine storm and elevated IL-6 levels (Akhmerov \u0026 Marban, 2020; Hendren, Drazner, Bozkurt, \u0026 Cooper Jr., 2020; Rizk et al., 2020)\nAnti-TNFα • Infliximab, adalimumab, etanercept, golimumab, certolizumab as TNFα neutralizing therapies suggested as potential agents for COVID-19 hyperinflammatory state which may ameliorate organ damage including acute cardiac injury (Convertino et al., 2020)\nJanus kinase (JAK) inhibitors • Ruxolitinib, tofacitinib, baricitinib are proposed to be beneficial in controlling excessive IL-6 signaling through STAT-1 and STAT-3 pathways (Alijotas-Reig et al., 2020; Convertino et al., 2020; Richardson et al., 2020; Rizk et al., 2020)\nAnti-interleukin-1 • Anakinra, a modified IL-1 receptor antagonist protein, is suggested to have therapeutic potential in cytokine storm, given its effectiveness on patient survival in severe sepsis (Alijotas-Reig et al., 2020; Rizk et al., 2020)\nGranulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) inhibition • GM-CSF can play a pro-inflammatory role signaling to macrophages\n• COVID-19 patients have been demonstrated to have elevated GM-CSF levels\n• Literature proposes that targeting GM-CSF upstream of inflammatory cytokines ex. gimsilumab, may be useful to blunt cytokine storm (Rizk et al., 2020)\nStatins • Anti-inflammatory properties, including reduction in cytokines, may benefit in COVID-19 hyperinflammatory states in addition to their conventional cardioprotective properties (Alijotas-Reig et al., 2020; Rizk et al., 2020)\nACEi/ARBs • Proposed that treatment with RAAS antagonists may theoretically be beneficial by upregulating ACE2 and compensating for ACE2 receptors lost due to COVID-19 (Akhmerov \u0026 Marban, 2020)\nN-acetylcysteine (NAC) • Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of NAC proposed as an adjuvant therapy for COVID-19 and secondary cardiovascular complications\n• Suggested role for NAC in prevention of hypertension, atherosclerosis-associated inflammation, acute heart failure, thrombo-inflammation, and myocardial ischemia (De Flora, Balansky, \u0026 La Maestra, 2020; Guglielmetti et al., 2020)\nEicosanoids and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors • Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving\n• Inhibition of their metabolizing enzyme, sEH, may be beneficial by maintaining eicosanoid levels and reducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress\n• Potential to limit inflammatory storm and resolve inflammation in addition to their established cardioprotective properties\n• Co-treatment with sEH inhibitors and omega-3 fatty acids may provide synergistic effects (Hammock, Wang, Gilligan, \u0026 Panigrahy, 2020)"}
LitCovid-PD-HP
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":373,"end":387},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":406,"end":427},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":429,"end":443},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":488,"end":500},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":673,"end":687},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T23","span":{"begin":1461,"end":1475},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T24","span":{"begin":1531,"end":1537},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T25","span":{"begin":1914,"end":1928},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T26","span":{"begin":2584,"end":2596},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T27","span":{"begin":2598,"end":2613},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T28","span":{"begin":2645,"end":2658},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A18","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T18","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001638"},{"id":"A19","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T19","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001658"},{"id":"A20","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T20","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001638"},{"id":"A21","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T21","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000822"},{"id":"A22","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T22","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033041"},{"id":"A23","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T23","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033041"},{"id":"A24","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T24","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100806"},{"id":"A25","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T25","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033041"},{"id":"A26","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T26","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000822"},{"id":"A27","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T27","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002621"},{"id":"A28","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T28","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001635"}],"text":"Table 1 Overview of some proposed pharmacological agents with potential beneficial effects in COVID-19 patients.\nPharmacological intervention Conclusion Reference\nAntioxidants including Vitamin C and E • Antioxidant effects may ameliorate cardiac injuries of critically ill COVID-19 patients (Wang, Zhang, \u0026 Bai, 2020)\nMelatonin • May have preventive effect against septic cardiomyopathy\n• Has benefits in myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, hypertensive heart diseases, and pulmonary hypertension (Zhang et al., 2020)\nAnti-interleukin-6 • Tocilizumab (anti-IL-6 receptor), siltuximab (anti-IL-6), and sirukumab (anti-IL-6) are proposed as possible treatments to manage cytokine storm and elevated IL-6 levels (Akhmerov \u0026 Marban, 2020; Hendren, Drazner, Bozkurt, \u0026 Cooper Jr., 2020; Rizk et al., 2020)\nAnti-TNFα • Infliximab, adalimumab, etanercept, golimumab, certolizumab as TNFα neutralizing therapies suggested as potential agents for COVID-19 hyperinflammatory state which may ameliorate organ damage including acute cardiac injury (Convertino et al., 2020)\nJanus kinase (JAK) inhibitors • Ruxolitinib, tofacitinib, baricitinib are proposed to be beneficial in controlling excessive IL-6 signaling through STAT-1 and STAT-3 pathways (Alijotas-Reig et al., 2020; Convertino et al., 2020; Richardson et al., 2020; Rizk et al., 2020)\nAnti-interleukin-1 • Anakinra, a modified IL-1 receptor antagonist protein, is suggested to have therapeutic potential in cytokine storm, given its effectiveness on patient survival in severe sepsis (Alijotas-Reig et al., 2020; Rizk et al., 2020)\nGranulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) inhibition • GM-CSF can play a pro-inflammatory role signaling to macrophages\n• COVID-19 patients have been demonstrated to have elevated GM-CSF levels\n• Literature proposes that targeting GM-CSF upstream of inflammatory cytokines ex. gimsilumab, may be useful to blunt cytokine storm (Rizk et al., 2020)\nStatins • Anti-inflammatory properties, including reduction in cytokines, may benefit in COVID-19 hyperinflammatory states in addition to their conventional cardioprotective properties (Alijotas-Reig et al., 2020; Rizk et al., 2020)\nACEi/ARBs • Proposed that treatment with RAAS antagonists may theoretically be beneficial by upregulating ACE2 and compensating for ACE2 receptors lost due to COVID-19 (Akhmerov \u0026 Marban, 2020)\nN-acetylcysteine (NAC) • Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of NAC proposed as an adjuvant therapy for COVID-19 and secondary cardiovascular complications\n• Suggested role for NAC in prevention of hypertension, atherosclerosis-associated inflammation, acute heart failure, thrombo-inflammation, and myocardial ischemia (De Flora, Balansky, \u0026 La Maestra, 2020; Guglielmetti et al., 2020)\nEicosanoids and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors • Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving\n• Inhibition of their metabolizing enzyme, sEH, may be beneficial by maintaining eicosanoid levels and reducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress\n• Potential to limit inflammatory storm and resolve inflammation in addition to their established cardioprotective properties\n• Co-treatment with sEH inhibitors and omega-3 fatty acids may provide synergistic effects (Hammock, Wang, Gilligan, \u0026 Panigrahy, 2020)"}
2_test
{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"33031856-32321655-84038801","span":{"begin":313,"end":317},"obj":"32321655"},{"id":"33031856-32252591-84038802","span":{"begin":733,"end":737},"obj":"32252591"},{"id":"33031856-32297796-84038803","span":{"begin":780,"end":784},"obj":"32297796"},{"id":"33031856-32696108-84038804","span":{"begin":799,"end":803},"obj":"32696108"},{"id":"33031856-32527304-84038805","span":{"begin":1060,"end":1064},"obj":"32527304"},{"id":"33031856-32527304-84038806","span":{"begin":1289,"end":1293},"obj":"32527304"},{"id":"33031856-32032529-84038807","span":{"begin":1314,"end":1318},"obj":"32032529"},{"id":"33031856-32696108-84038808","span":{"begin":1333,"end":1337},"obj":"32696108"},{"id":"33031856-32696108-84038809","span":{"begin":1580,"end":1584},"obj":"32696108"},{"id":"33031856-32696108-84038810","span":{"begin":1943,"end":1947},"obj":"32696108"},{"id":"33031856-32696108-84038811","span":{"begin":1580,"end":1584},"obj":"32696108"},{"id":"33031856-32252591-84038812","span":{"begin":2370,"end":2374},"obj":"32252591"},{"id":"33031856-32560665-84038813","span":{"begin":2768,"end":2772},"obj":"32560665"},{"id":"33031856-32650004-84038814","span":{"begin":3328,"end":3332},"obj":"32650004"}],"text":"Table 1 Overview of some proposed pharmacological agents with potential beneficial effects in COVID-19 patients.\nPharmacological intervention Conclusion Reference\nAntioxidants including Vitamin C and E • Antioxidant effects may ameliorate cardiac injuries of critically ill COVID-19 patients (Wang, Zhang, \u0026 Bai, 2020)\nMelatonin • May have preventive effect against septic cardiomyopathy\n• Has benefits in myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, hypertensive heart diseases, and pulmonary hypertension (Zhang et al., 2020)\nAnti-interleukin-6 • Tocilizumab (anti-IL-6 receptor), siltuximab (anti-IL-6), and sirukumab (anti-IL-6) are proposed as possible treatments to manage cytokine storm and elevated IL-6 levels (Akhmerov \u0026 Marban, 2020; Hendren, Drazner, Bozkurt, \u0026 Cooper Jr., 2020; Rizk et al., 2020)\nAnti-TNFα • Infliximab, adalimumab, etanercept, golimumab, certolizumab as TNFα neutralizing therapies suggested as potential agents for COVID-19 hyperinflammatory state which may ameliorate organ damage including acute cardiac injury (Convertino et al., 2020)\nJanus kinase (JAK) inhibitors • Ruxolitinib, tofacitinib, baricitinib are proposed to be beneficial in controlling excessive IL-6 signaling through STAT-1 and STAT-3 pathways (Alijotas-Reig et al., 2020; Convertino et al., 2020; Richardson et al., 2020; Rizk et al., 2020)\nAnti-interleukin-1 • Anakinra, a modified IL-1 receptor antagonist protein, is suggested to have therapeutic potential in cytokine storm, given its effectiveness on patient survival in severe sepsis (Alijotas-Reig et al., 2020; Rizk et al., 2020)\nGranulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) inhibition • GM-CSF can play a pro-inflammatory role signaling to macrophages\n• COVID-19 patients have been demonstrated to have elevated GM-CSF levels\n• Literature proposes that targeting GM-CSF upstream of inflammatory cytokines ex. gimsilumab, may be useful to blunt cytokine storm (Rizk et al., 2020)\nStatins • Anti-inflammatory properties, including reduction in cytokines, may benefit in COVID-19 hyperinflammatory states in addition to their conventional cardioprotective properties (Alijotas-Reig et al., 2020; Rizk et al., 2020)\nACEi/ARBs • Proposed that treatment with RAAS antagonists may theoretically be beneficial by upregulating ACE2 and compensating for ACE2 receptors lost due to COVID-19 (Akhmerov \u0026 Marban, 2020)\nN-acetylcysteine (NAC) • Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of NAC proposed as an adjuvant therapy for COVID-19 and secondary cardiovascular complications\n• Suggested role for NAC in prevention of hypertension, atherosclerosis-associated inflammation, acute heart failure, thrombo-inflammation, and myocardial ischemia (De Flora, Balansky, \u0026 La Maestra, 2020; Guglielmetti et al., 2020)\nEicosanoids and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors • Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving\n• Inhibition of their metabolizing enzyme, sEH, may be beneficial by maintaining eicosanoid levels and reducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress\n• Potential to limit inflammatory storm and resolve inflammation in addition to their established cardioprotective properties\n• Co-treatment with sEH inhibitors and omega-3 fatty acids may provide synergistic effects (Hammock, Wang, Gilligan, \u0026 Panigrahy, 2020)"}
LitCovid-PubTator
{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"156","span":{"begin":527,"end":540},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"157","span":{"begin":594,"end":598},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"158","span":{"begin":621,"end":625},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"159","span":{"begin":701,"end":705},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"160","span":{"begin":810,"end":814},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"161","span":{"begin":880,"end":884},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"162","span":{"begin":1191,"end":1195},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"163","span":{"begin":1214,"end":1220},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"164","span":{"begin":1225,"end":1231},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"165","span":{"begin":1381,"end":1405},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"166","span":{"begin":1586,"end":1634},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"167","span":{"begin":1636,"end":1642},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"168","span":{"begin":1782,"end":1788},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"169","span":{"begin":1833,"end":1839},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"176","span":{"begin":1344,"end":1357},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"177","span":{"begin":283,"end":291},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"178","span":{"begin":1504,"end":1511},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"179","span":{"begin":1733,"end":1741},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"180","span":{"begin":1657,"end":1663},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"181","span":{"begin":186,"end":195},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"182","span":{"begin":319,"end":328},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"183","span":{"begin":239,"end":255},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"184","span":{"begin":259,"end":273},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"185","span":{"begin":274,"end":282},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"186","span":{"begin":366,"end":387},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"187","span":{"begin":406,"end":427},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"188","span":{"begin":429,"end":443},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"189","span":{"begin":445,"end":472},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"190","span":{"begin":478,"end":500},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"191","span":{"begin":942,"end":950},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"192","span":{"begin":1025,"end":1071},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"193","span":{"begin":1531,"end":1537},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"194","span":{"begin":1710,"end":1732},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"195","span":{"begin":1879,"end":1889},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"208","span":{"begin":103,"end":111},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"209","span":{"begin":94,"end":102},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A156","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"156","obj":"Gene:3569"},{"id":"A157","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"157","obj":"Gene:3569"},{"id":"A158","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"158","obj":"Gene:3569"},{"id":"A159","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"159","obj":"Gene:3569"},{"id":"A160","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"160","obj":"Gene:7124"},{"id":"A161","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"161","obj":"Gene:7124"},{"id":"A162","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"162","obj":"Gene:3569"},{"id":"A163","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"163","obj":"Gene:6772"},{"id":"A164","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"164","obj":"Gene:6774"},{"id":"A165","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"165","obj":"Gene:3557"},{"id":"A166","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"166","obj":"Gene:1437"},{"id":"A167","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"167","obj":"Gene:1437"},{"id":"A168","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"168","obj":"Gene:1437"},{"id":"A169","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"169","obj":"Gene:1437"},{"id":"A176","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"176","obj":"Gene:3552"},{"id":"A177","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"177","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A178","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"178","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A179","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"179","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A180","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"180","obj":"Gene:1437"},{"id":"A181","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"181","obj":"MESH:D001205"},{"id":"A182","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"182","obj":"MESH:D008550"},{"id":"A183","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"183","obj":"MESH:D006331"},{"id":"A184","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"184","obj":"MESH:D016638"},{"id":"A185","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"185","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A186","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"186","obj":"MESH:D009202"},{"id":"A187","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"187","obj":"MESH:D009203"},{"id":"A188","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"188","obj":"MESH:D009202"},{"id":"A189","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"189","obj":"MESH:D006973"},{"id":"A190","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"190","obj":"MESH:D006976"},{"id":"A191","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"191","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A192","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"192","obj":"MESH:D006331"},{"id":"A193","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"193","obj":"MESH:D018805"},{"id":"A194","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"194","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A208","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"208","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A209","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"209","obj":"MESH:C000657245"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"Table 1 Overview of some proposed pharmacological agents with potential beneficial effects in COVID-19 patients.\nPharmacological intervention Conclusion Reference\nAntioxidants including Vitamin C and E • Antioxidant effects may ameliorate cardiac injuries of critically ill COVID-19 patients (Wang, Zhang, \u0026 Bai, 2020)\nMelatonin • May have preventive effect against septic cardiomyopathy\n• Has benefits in myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, hypertensive heart diseases, and pulmonary hypertension (Zhang et al., 2020)\nAnti-interleukin-6 • Tocilizumab (anti-IL-6 receptor), siltuximab (anti-IL-6), and sirukumab (anti-IL-6) are proposed as possible treatments to manage cytokine storm and elevated IL-6 levels (Akhmerov \u0026 Marban, 2020; Hendren, Drazner, Bozkurt, \u0026 Cooper Jr., 2020; Rizk et al., 2020)\nAnti-TNFα • Infliximab, adalimumab, etanercept, golimumab, certolizumab as TNFα neutralizing therapies suggested as potential agents for COVID-19 hyperinflammatory state which may ameliorate organ damage including acute cardiac injury (Convertino et al., 2020)\nJanus kinase (JAK) inhibitors • Ruxolitinib, tofacitinib, baricitinib are proposed to be beneficial in controlling excessive IL-6 signaling through STAT-1 and STAT-3 pathways (Alijotas-Reig et al., 2020; Convertino et al., 2020; Richardson et al., 2020; Rizk et al., 2020)\nAnti-interleukin-1 • Anakinra, a modified IL-1 receptor antagonist protein, is suggested to have therapeutic potential in cytokine storm, given its effectiveness on patient survival in severe sepsis (Alijotas-Reig et al., 2020; Rizk et al., 2020)\nGranulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) inhibition • GM-CSF can play a pro-inflammatory role signaling to macrophages\n• COVID-19 patients have been demonstrated to have elevated GM-CSF levels\n• Literature proposes that targeting GM-CSF upstream of inflammatory cytokines ex. gimsilumab, may be useful to blunt cytokine storm (Rizk et al., 2020)\nStatins • Anti-inflammatory properties, including reduction in cytokines, may benefit in COVID-19 hyperinflammatory states in addition to their conventional cardioprotective properties (Alijotas-Reig et al., 2020; Rizk et al., 2020)\nACEi/ARBs • Proposed that treatment with RAAS antagonists may theoretically be beneficial by upregulating ACE2 and compensating for ACE2 receptors lost due to COVID-19 (Akhmerov \u0026 Marban, 2020)\nN-acetylcysteine (NAC) • Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of NAC proposed as an adjuvant therapy for COVID-19 and secondary cardiovascular complications\n• Suggested role for NAC in prevention of hypertension, atherosclerosis-associated inflammation, acute heart failure, thrombo-inflammation, and myocardial ischemia (De Flora, Balansky, \u0026 La Maestra, 2020; Guglielmetti et al., 2020)\nEicosanoids and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors • Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving\n• Inhibition of their metabolizing enzyme, sEH, may be beneficial by maintaining eicosanoid levels and reducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress\n• Potential to limit inflammatory storm and resolve inflammation in addition to their established cardioprotective properties\n• Co-treatment with sEH inhibitors and omega-3 fatty acids may provide synergistic effects (Hammock, Wang, Gilligan, \u0026 Panigrahy, 2020)"}