PMC:7530350
Annnotations
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | fma_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 0-13 | Body_part | denotes | Interleukin-6 | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma264829 |
| T2 | 0-11 | Body_part | denotes | Interleukin | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86578 |
| T3 | 191-199 | Body_part | denotes | antibody | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871 |
| T4 | 221-234 | Body_part | denotes | interleukin-6 | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma264829 |
| T5 | 1197-1202 | Body_part | denotes | serum | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63083 |
LitCovid-PD-UBERON
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | uberon_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 1197-1202 | Body_part | denotes | serum | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001977 |
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | mondo_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 25-33 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T2 | 109-117 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T3 | 136-148 | Disease | denotes | inflammation | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021166 |
| T4 | 318-326 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T5 | 528-536 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T6 | 743-751 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T7 | 796-804 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T8 | 1594-1602 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T9 | 1758-1766 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
| T10 | 1858-1866 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
LitCovid-PD-CLO
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 0-13 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001393 | denotes | Interleukin-6 |
| T2 | 35-36 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T3 | 178-179 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T4 | 221-234 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001393 | denotes | interleukin-6 |
| T5 | 458-459 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T6 | 547-548 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
| T7 | 1059-1063 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 | denotes | male |
| T8 | 1059-1063 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 | denotes | male |
| T9 | 1272-1273 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T10 | 1299-1301 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008426 | denotes | pg |
| T11 | 1553-1554 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
LitCovid-PD-CHEBI
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | chebi_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 165-176 | Chemical | denotes | tocilizumab | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64360 |
| T2 | 236-238 | Chemical | denotes | IL | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072 |
| T4 | 450-452 | Chemical | denotes | IL | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072 |
| T6 | 469-478 | Chemical | denotes | indicator | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_47867 |
| T7 | 695-697 | Chemical | denotes | IL | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072 |
| T9 | 959-964 | Chemical | denotes | group | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433 |
| T10 | 1029-1034 | Chemical | denotes | group | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433 |
| T11 | 1059-1063 | Chemical | denotes | male | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30780 |
| T12 | 1078-1083 | Chemical | denotes | group | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433 |
| T13 | 1122-1127 | Chemical | denotes | group | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433 |
| T14 | 1213-1215 | Chemical | denotes | IL | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072 |
| T16 | 1232-1237 | Chemical | denotes | group | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433 |
| T17 | 1261-1266 | Chemical | denotes | group | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433 |
| T18 | 1474-1476 | Chemical | denotes | IL | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072 |
| T20 | 1585-1587 | Chemical | denotes | IL | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072 |
| T22 | 1725-1727 | Chemical | denotes | IL | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072 |
| T24 | 1849-1851 | Chemical | denotes | IL | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072 |
LitCovid-PubTator
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | tao:has_database_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 0-13 | Gene | denotes | Interleukin-6 | Gene:3569 |
| 3 | 25-33 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 13 | 221-234 | Gene | denotes | interleukin-6 | Gene:3569 |
| 14 | 450-454 | Gene | denotes | IL-6 | Gene:3569 |
| 15 | 297-305 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 16 | 505-513 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 17 | 165-176 | Chemical | denotes | tocilizumab | MESH:C502936 |
| 18 | 109-117 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 19 | 130-148 | Disease | denotes | hyper-inflammation | MESH:D007249 |
| 20 | 318-326 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 21 | 528-536 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 30 | 695-699 | Gene | denotes | IL-6 | Gene:3569 |
| 31 | 1213-1217 | Gene | denotes | IL-6 | Gene:3569 |
| 32 | 1474-1478 | Gene | denotes | IL-6 | Gene:3569 |
| 33 | 710-718 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 34 | 765-773 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 35 | 883-891 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 36 | 743-751 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 37 | 796-804 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 45 | 1585-1589 | Gene | denotes | IL-6 | Gene:3569 |
| 46 | 1725-1729 | Gene | denotes | IL-6 | Gene:3569 |
| 47 | 1849-1853 | Gene | denotes | IL-6 | Gene:3569 |
| 48 | 1744-1752 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
| 49 | 1594-1602 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 50 | 1758-1766 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
| 51 | 1858-1866 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
LitCovid-PD-GO-BP
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 136-148 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 | denotes | inflammation |
| T2 | 1725-1740 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032635 | denotes | IL-6 production |
LitCovid-sentences
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 0-72 | Sentence | denotes | Interleukin-6 and severe COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| T2 | 74-82 | Sentence | denotes | Abstract |
| T3 | 83-93 | Sentence | denotes | Background |
| T4 | 94-149 | Sentence | denotes | Evidence links COVID-19 severity to hyper-inflammation. |
| T5 | 150-327 | Sentence | denotes | Treatment with tocilizumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against the interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor, was shown to lead to clinical improvement in patients with severe COVID-19. |
| T6 | 328-537 | Sentence | denotes | We, therefore, performed the present systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate whether the circulating levels of IL-6 is a reliable indicator of disease severity among patients affected with COVID-19. |
| T7 | 539-546 | Sentence | denotes | Methods |
| T8 | 547-653 | Sentence | denotes | A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar on April 19, 2020. |
| T9 | 655-662 | Sentence | denotes | Results |
| T10 | 663-818 | Sentence | denotes | Eleven studies provided data of IL-6 levels in patients with severe to critical COVID-19 (severe) and patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 (non-severe). |
| T11 | 819-873 | Sentence | denotes | The included studies were of moderate to high quality. |
| T12 | 874-1035 | Sentence | denotes | The mean patients’ age was 60.9 years, ranging from 45.2 to 76.7 years in the severe group and 46.8 years, ranging from 37.9 to 61 years, in the nonsevere group. |
| T13 | 1036-1128 | Sentence | denotes | Fifty-two percent were male in the severe group, as compared to 46% in the non-severe group. |
| T14 | 1129-1313 | Sentence | denotes | An overall random effects meta-analysis showed significantly higher serum levels of IL-6 in the severe group than in the non-severe group with a mean difference of +23.1 pg/mL (95% CI: |
| T15 | 1314-1376 | Sentence | denotes | 12.42–33.79) and the overall effect of 4.24 (P-value < 0.001). |
| T16 | 1377-1498 | Sentence | denotes | Meta-regressions showed that neither age nor sex significantly influenced the mean difference of IL-6 between the groups. |
| T17 | 1500-1511 | Sentence | denotes | Conclusions |
| T18 | 1512-1640 | Sentence | denotes | Meta-analysis and meta-regression reveal a reliable relationship between IL-6 and COVID-19 severity, independent of age and sex. |
| T19 | 1641-1767 | Sentence | denotes | Future research is, however, required to assess the effect of BMI on the pattern of IL-6 production in patients with COVID-19. |
| T20 | 1768-1902 | Sentence | denotes | Also, there might be confounding factors that influence the relationship between IL-6 and COVID-19 severity and remain as yet unknown. |
| T21 | 1906-1937 | Sentence | denotes | Acknowledgments and disclosures |
| T22 | 1938-1997 | Sentence | denotes | Ethics approval and consent to participate: not applicable. |
| T23 | 1998-2038 | Sentence | denotes | Consent for publication: not applicable. |
| T24 | 2039-2090 | Sentence | denotes | Availability of data and materials: not applicable. |
| T25 | 2091-2173 | Sentence | denotes | Conflicts of interests: the authors declare that they have no competing interests. |
| T26 | 2174-2225 | Sentence | denotes | Funding: there is no funding for the present study. |
| T27 | 2226-2419 | Sentence | denotes | Authors’ contributions: H.M. conceptualized the study, conducted database search, search results screening, detailed review, data extraction, quality assessment, and prepared the initial draft. |
| T28 | 2420-2450 | Sentence | denotes | A.S. prepared the final draft. |
| T29 | 2451-2519 | Sentence | denotes | N.R. supervised the project and critically appraised the manuscript. |
| T30 | 2520-2552 | Sentence | denotes | Acknowledgments: not applicable. |