PMC:7523471 / 87930-89596 JSONTXT

{"project":"TEST0","denotations":[{"id":"33041751-234-242-816883","span":{"begin":863,"end":867},"obj":"[\"21734608\"]"},{"id":"33041751-224-232-816884","span":{"begin":893,"end":897},"obj":"[\"20550967\"]"},{"id":"33041751-230-238-816885","span":{"begin":913,"end":917},"obj":"[\"23300938\"]"},{"id":"33041751-235-243-816886","span":{"begin":932,"end":936},"obj":"[\"24398104\"]"},{"id":"33041751-229-237-816887","span":{"begin":956,"end":960},"obj":"[\"26505992\"]"},{"id":"33041751-227-235-816888","span":{"begin":978,"end":982},"obj":"[\"28814675\"]"},{"id":"33041751-222-230-816889","span":{"begin":1001,"end":1005},"obj":"[\"30593285\"]"},{"id":"33041751-232-240-816890","span":{"begin":1024,"end":1028},"obj":"[\"29880901\"]"},{"id":"33041751-231-239-816891","span":{"begin":1045,"end":1049},"obj":"[\"31530809\"]"},{"id":"33041751-233-241-816892","span":{"begin":1067,"end":1071},"obj":"[\"31884473\"]"},{"id":"33041751-230-238-816893","span":{"begin":1085,"end":1089},"obj":"[\"32043162\"]"}],"text":"With the number of AD patients estimated to triple by 2050 (Alzheimer’s Association, 2019), a reliable, noninvasive and affordable diagnostic technique suitable for widespread clinical use is urgently needed. In recent years, a radical idea has emerged that AD pathology in the brain can also manifest and perhaps be mirrored in the retina. Indeed, the identification of hallmark Aβ deposits in the retina of patients and numerous animal models and their correlation with pathology in the brain have fueled this field of neuro-ophthalmology in AD. Moreover, mounting evidence now supports the existence of diffuse, classical and neuritic-like plaques, pTau aggregates, Aβ42 fibrils, protofibrils, and oligomer-like structures, pericyte loss, vascular Aβ40 and Aβ42 accumulation, inflammation and neurodegeneration in the retina of AD patients (Alexandrov et al., 2011; Koronyo-Hamaoui et al., 2011; Schön et al., 2012; Tsai et al., 2014; La Morgia et al., 2016; Koronyo et al., 2017; den Haan et al., 2018; Grimaldi et al., 2018; Hadoux et al., 2019; Schultz et al., 2020; Shi et al., 2020). Despite many recent successes, several limitations including the scarcity of retinal tissue from people with neuropathological data and the application of non-conventional histological and biochemical techniques to examine AD effects in various topographical regions, has historically restricted the knowledge in this field. Future investigations, involving brain biobanks with extended collection of ocular tissues, will allow researchers to determine how early AD pathological processes occur in the retina, their extent, distribution, and relationship to brain pathology."}

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"33041751-21734608-38666669","span":{"begin":863,"end":867},"obj":"21734608"},{"id":"33041751-20550967-38666670","span":{"begin":893,"end":897},"obj":"20550967"},{"id":"33041751-23300938-38666671","span":{"begin":913,"end":917},"obj":"23300938"},{"id":"33041751-24398104-38666672","span":{"begin":932,"end":936},"obj":"24398104"},{"id":"33041751-26505992-38666673","span":{"begin":956,"end":960},"obj":"26505992"},{"id":"33041751-28814675-38666674","span":{"begin":978,"end":982},"obj":"28814675"},{"id":"33041751-30593285-38666675","span":{"begin":1001,"end":1005},"obj":"30593285"},{"id":"33041751-29880901-38666676","span":{"begin":1024,"end":1028},"obj":"29880901"},{"id":"33041751-31530809-38666677","span":{"begin":1045,"end":1049},"obj":"31530809"},{"id":"33041751-31884473-38666678","span":{"begin":1067,"end":1071},"obj":"31884473"},{"id":"33041751-32043162-38666679","span":{"begin":1085,"end":1089},"obj":"32043162"}],"text":"With the number of AD patients estimated to triple by 2050 (Alzheimer’s Association, 2019), a reliable, noninvasive and affordable diagnostic technique suitable for widespread clinical use is urgently needed. In recent years, a radical idea has emerged that AD pathology in the brain can also manifest and perhaps be mirrored in the retina. Indeed, the identification of hallmark Aβ deposits in the retina of patients and numerous animal models and their correlation with pathology in the brain have fueled this field of neuro-ophthalmology in AD. Moreover, mounting evidence now supports the existence of diffuse, classical and neuritic-like plaques, pTau aggregates, Aβ42 fibrils, protofibrils, and oligomer-like structures, pericyte loss, vascular Aβ40 and Aβ42 accumulation, inflammation and neurodegeneration in the retina of AD patients (Alexandrov et al., 2011; Koronyo-Hamaoui et al., 2011; Schön et al., 2012; Tsai et al., 2014; La Morgia et al., 2016; Koronyo et al., 2017; den Haan et al., 2018; Grimaldi et al., 2018; Hadoux et al., 2019; Schultz et al., 2020; Shi et al., 2020). Despite many recent successes, several limitations including the scarcity of retinal tissue from people with neuropathological data and the application of non-conventional histological and biochemical techniques to examine AD effects in various topographical regions, has historically restricted the knowledge in this field. Future investigations, involving brain biobanks with extended collection of ocular tissues, will allow researchers to determine how early AD pathological processes occur in the retina, their extent, distribution, and relationship to brain pathology."}

{"project":"0_colil","denotations":[{"id":"33041751-21734608-816883","span":{"begin":863,"end":867},"obj":"21734608"},{"id":"33041751-20550967-816884","span":{"begin":893,"end":897},"obj":"20550967"},{"id":"33041751-23300938-816885","span":{"begin":913,"end":917},"obj":"23300938"},{"id":"33041751-24398104-816886","span":{"begin":932,"end":936},"obj":"24398104"},{"id":"33041751-26505992-816887","span":{"begin":956,"end":960},"obj":"26505992"},{"id":"33041751-28814675-816888","span":{"begin":978,"end":982},"obj":"28814675"},{"id":"33041751-30593285-816889","span":{"begin":1001,"end":1005},"obj":"30593285"},{"id":"33041751-29880901-816890","span":{"begin":1024,"end":1028},"obj":"29880901"},{"id":"33041751-31530809-816891","span":{"begin":1045,"end":1049},"obj":"31530809"},{"id":"33041751-31884473-816892","span":{"begin":1067,"end":1071},"obj":"31884473"},{"id":"33041751-32043162-816893","span":{"begin":1085,"end":1089},"obj":"32043162"}],"text":"With the number of AD patients estimated to triple by 2050 (Alzheimer’s Association, 2019), a reliable, noninvasive and affordable diagnostic technique suitable for widespread clinical use is urgently needed. In recent years, a radical idea has emerged that AD pathology in the brain can also manifest and perhaps be mirrored in the retina. Indeed, the identification of hallmark Aβ deposits in the retina of patients and numerous animal models and their correlation with pathology in the brain have fueled this field of neuro-ophthalmology in AD. Moreover, mounting evidence now supports the existence of diffuse, classical and neuritic-like plaques, pTau aggregates, Aβ42 fibrils, protofibrils, and oligomer-like structures, pericyte loss, vascular Aβ40 and Aβ42 accumulation, inflammation and neurodegeneration in the retina of AD patients (Alexandrov et al., 2011; Koronyo-Hamaoui et al., 2011; Schön et al., 2012; Tsai et al., 2014; La Morgia et al., 2016; Koronyo et al., 2017; den Haan et al., 2018; Grimaldi et al., 2018; Hadoux et al., 2019; Schultz et al., 2020; Shi et al., 2020). Despite many recent successes, several limitations including the scarcity of retinal tissue from people with neuropathological data and the application of non-conventional histological and biochemical techniques to examine AD effects in various topographical regions, has historically restricted the knowledge in this field. Future investigations, involving brain biobanks with extended collection of ocular tissues, will allow researchers to determine how early AD pathological processes occur in the retina, their extent, distribution, and relationship to brain pathology."}