PMC:7523471 / 54552-56335
Annnotations
{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/7523471","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"7523471","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/7523471","text":"Cerebral amyloid angiopathy is defined as a cerebrovascular disease characterized by intense deposition of Aβ in the walls of cerebral arteries, arterioles, and capillaries, among other vascular damage, and is commonly found in the brains of AD patients (DeSimone et al., 2017). Aβ in CAA primarily consists of Aβ40 (Roher et al., 1993; Gravina et al., 1995). In macrovasculature, CAA is composed of Aβ deposition in tunica media and adventitia of leptomeningeal and cerebral parenchymal arteries (Tian et al., 2004). The Aβ in CAA will eventually affect all vascular layers and result in degeneration of smooth muscle cells (Keable et al., 2016). CAA is prevalent in the elderly who have developed lobar cerebral hemorrhage (ICH) (Keable et al., 2016). Although CAA remains a distinct clinical entity from dementia, previous studies have demonstrated that over 85% of AD patients have of CAA of varying severity (Arvanitakis et al., 2011; Viswanathan and Greenberg, 2011). The Aβ deposited in the vascular walls triggers several ischemia-induced pathogenic molecular pathways, such as oxidative stress, inflammation and increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, leading to further hemorrhagic complications (Ghiso et al., 2010). A study based on parametric analysis of neuropathological data from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Centers’ dataset suggested that CAA was facilitating early stage dementia and the transition to moderate dementia (Vidoni et al., 2016). In severe CAA cases, Aβ deposition is usually followed by microaneurysms in cerebral blood vessels (Vonsattel et al., 1991), a vascular pathology shared by retinal vascular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, which can be easily examined by fundoscopy (Friberg et al., 1987; Hellstedt et al., 1996).","tracks":[{"project":"TEST0","denotations":[{"id":"33041751-233-241-816607","span":{"begin":272,"end":276},"obj":"[\"28838368\"]"},{"id":"33041751-52-60-816608","span":{"begin":331,"end":335},"obj":"[\"8248178\"]"},{"id":"33041751-74-82-816609","span":{"begin":353,"end":357},"obj":"[\"7706234\"]"},{"id":"33041751-151-159-816610","span":{"begin":511,"end":515},"obj":"[\"15876981\"]"},{"id":"33041751-123-131-816611","span":{"begin":641,"end":645},"obj":"[\"26327684\"]"},{"id":"33041751-99-107-816612","span":{"begin":747,"end":751},"obj":"[\"26327684\"]"},{"id":"33041751-180-188-816613","span":{"begin":934,"end":938},"obj":"[\"21387377\"]"},{"id":"33041751-213-221-816614","span":{"begin":967,"end":971},"obj":"[\"22190361\"]"},{"id":"33041751-233-241-816615","span":{"begin":1231,"end":1235},"obj":"[\"21037967\"]"},{"id":"33041751-234-242-816616","span":{"begin":1474,"end":1478},"obj":"[\"26756746\"]"},{"id":"33041751-118-126-816617","span":{"begin":1599,"end":1603},"obj":"[\"1763890\"]"},{"id":"33041751-234-242-816618","span":{"begin":1753,"end":1757},"obj":"[\"3607597\"]"},{"id":"33041751-223-231-816619","span":{"begin":1777,"end":1781},"obj":"[\"8871144\"]"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"33041751-233-241-816607","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"33041751-52-60-816608","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"33041751-74-82-816609","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"33041751-151-159-816610","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"33041751-123-131-816611","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"33041751-99-107-816612","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"33041751-180-188-816613","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"33041751-213-221-816614","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"33041751-233-241-816615","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"33041751-234-242-816616","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"33041751-118-126-816617","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"33041751-234-242-816618","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"},{"subj":"33041751-223-231-816619","pred":"source","obj":"TEST0"}]},{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"33041751-28838368-38666393","span":{"begin":272,"end":276},"obj":"28838368"},{"id":"33041751-8248178-38666394","span":{"begin":331,"end":335},"obj":"8248178"},{"id":"33041751-7706234-38666395","span":{"begin":353,"end":357},"obj":"7706234"},{"id":"33041751-15876981-38666396","span":{"begin":511,"end":515},"obj":"15876981"},{"id":"33041751-26327684-38666397","span":{"begin":641,"end":645},"obj":"26327684"},{"id":"33041751-26327684-38666398","span":{"begin":747,"end":751},"obj":"26327684"},{"id":"33041751-21387377-38666399","span":{"begin":934,"end":938},"obj":"21387377"},{"id":"33041751-22190361-38666400","span":{"begin":967,"end":971},"obj":"22190361"},{"id":"33041751-21037967-38666401","span":{"begin":1231,"end":1235},"obj":"21037967"},{"id":"33041751-26756746-38666402","span":{"begin":1474,"end":1478},"obj":"26756746"},{"id":"33041751-1763890-38666403","span":{"begin":1599,"end":1603},"obj":"1763890"},{"id":"33041751-3607597-38666404","span":{"begin":1753,"end":1757},"obj":"3607597"},{"id":"33041751-8871144-38666405","span":{"begin":1777,"end":1781},"obj":"8871144"}],"attributes":[{"subj":"33041751-28838368-38666393","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"33041751-8248178-38666394","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"33041751-7706234-38666395","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"33041751-15876981-38666396","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"33041751-26327684-38666397","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"33041751-26327684-38666398","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"33041751-21387377-38666399","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"33041751-22190361-38666400","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"33041751-21037967-38666401","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"33041751-26756746-38666402","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"33041751-1763890-38666403","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"33041751-3607597-38666404","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"},{"subj":"33041751-8871144-38666405","pred":"source","obj":"2_test"}]},{"project":"0_colil","denotations":[{"id":"33041751-28838368-816607","span":{"begin":272,"end":276},"obj":"28838368"},{"id":"33041751-8248178-816608","span":{"begin":331,"end":335},"obj":"8248178"},{"id":"33041751-7706234-816609","span":{"begin":353,"end":357},"obj":"7706234"},{"id":"33041751-15876981-816610","span":{"begin":511,"end":515},"obj":"15876981"},{"id":"33041751-26327684-816611","span":{"begin":641,"end":645},"obj":"26327684"},{"id":"33041751-26327684-816612","span":{"begin":747,"end":751},"obj":"26327684"},{"id":"33041751-21387377-816613","span":{"begin":934,"end":938},"obj":"21387377"},{"id":"33041751-22190361-816614","span":{"begin":967,"end":971},"obj":"22190361"},{"id":"33041751-21037967-816615","span":{"begin":1231,"end":1235},"obj":"21037967"},{"id":"33041751-26756746-816616","span":{"begin":1474,"end":1478},"obj":"26756746"},{"id":"33041751-1763890-816617","span":{"begin":1599,"end":1603},"ob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