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LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T1 6-9 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T2 103-106 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T3 222-225 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T4 257-260 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T5 418-424 Body_part denotes Saliva http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59862
T6 505-510 Body_part denotes feces http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma64183
T7 515-521 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59862
T8 1233-1236 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T9 1388-1391 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T10 1950-1953 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T11 2117-2120 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T12 2182-2185 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T13 2397-2405 Body_part denotes Appendix http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma14542
T14 2528-2531 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T15 2578-2581 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T16 2608-2616 Body_part denotes Appendix http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma14542
T17 2640-2646 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59862
T18 2704-2707 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T19 2944-2952 Body_part denotes Appendix http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma14542
T20 3003-3006 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T21 3181-3184 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T22 3414-3417 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T23 3426-3432 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59862
T24 3515-3521 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59862
T25 3677-3680 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T26 3717-3722 Body_part denotes feces http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma64183
T27 3731-3737 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59862
T28 3879-3882 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T29 4043-4046 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T30 4225-4230 Body_part denotes urine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma12274
T31 4303-4309 Body_part denotes plasma http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62970
T32 4364-4369 Body_part denotes urine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma12274
T33 4509-4512 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T34 4525-4531 Body_part denotes plasma http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62970
T35 4573-4576 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T36 4728-4733 Body_part denotes feces http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma64183
T37 4741-4747 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59862
T38 4775-4778 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T39 4831-4834 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T40 4838-4843 Body_part denotes feces http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma64183
T41 4922-4925 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T42 4934-4939 Body_part denotes feces http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma64183
T43 5014-5020 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59862
T44 5115-5118 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T45 5122-5127 Body_part denotes feces http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma64183
T46 5322-5327 Body_part denotes feces http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma64183
T47 5388-5391 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T48 5647-5652 Body_part denotes feces http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma64183
T49 5765-5768 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T50 5968-5971 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T51 5975-5981 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59862
T52 6077-6083 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59862
T53 6237-6243 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59862
T54 6391-6399 Body_part denotes Appendix http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma14542
T55 6448-6451 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T56 6557-6561 Body_part denotes Shin http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma24985
T57 6594-6597 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T1 418-424 Body_part denotes Saliva http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001836
T2 505-510 Body_part denotes feces http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001988
T3 515-521 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001836
T4 2640-2646 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001836
T5 3426-3432 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001836
T6 3515-3521 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001836
T7 3717-3722 Body_part denotes feces http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001988
T8 3731-3737 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001836
T9 4225-4230 Body_part denotes urine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001088
T10 4364-4369 Body_part denotes urine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001088
T11 4728-4733 Body_part denotes feces http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001988
T12 4741-4747 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001836
T13 4838-4843 Body_part denotes feces http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001988
T14 4934-4939 Body_part denotes feces http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001988
T15 5014-5020 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001836
T16 5122-5127 Body_part denotes feces http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001988
T17 5322-5327 Body_part denotes feces http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001988
T18 5647-5652 Body_part denotes feces http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001988
T19 5975-5981 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001836
T20 6077-6083 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001836
T21 6237-6243 Body_part denotes saliva http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001836

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T1 68-76 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T2 165-173 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T3 211-219 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T4 386-394 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T5 472-481 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T6 493-503 Disease denotes infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T7 608-616 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T8 629-676 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T9 629-662 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T10 678-686 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T11 756-765 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T12 894-902 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T13 1154-1162 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T14 1203-1211 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T15 1322-1336 Disease denotes infectiousness http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T16 1409-1417 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T17 1467-1475 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T18 1694-1702 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T19 1727-1735 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T20 1991-1999 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T21 2517-2525 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T22 3623-3670 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T23 3623-3656 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T24 4820-4828 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T25 4895-4903 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T26 5104-5112 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T27 5159-5169 Disease denotes infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T28 5726-5734 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T29 5737-5746 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T30 5888-5896 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T31 5957-5965 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T32 6012-6021 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T33 6474-6482 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T34 6656-6664 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T35 6898-6908 Disease denotes Infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T36 7090-7106 Disease denotes virus infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T37 7111-7121 Disease denotes infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 430-436 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T2 791-792 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T3 905-909 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T4 1227-1232 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes Virus
T5 1291-1292 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T6 1344-1349 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T7 1651-1653 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T8 2126-2127 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T9 2448-2450 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050509 denotes 27
T10 2497-2503 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T11 2556-2558 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T12 2660-2662 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T13 2681-2687 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T14 2863-2864 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T15 3134-3135 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T16 3589-3591 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T17 3689-3690 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T18 3714-3715 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T19 4268-4269 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T20 4303-4309 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 denotes plasma
T21 4398-4404 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T22 4489-4491 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050509 denotes 27
T23 4525-4531 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969 denotes plasma
T24 5170-5175 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T25 5202-5207 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T26 5300-5305 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T27 5584-5589 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T28 5656-5657 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T29 5798-5799 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T30 6026-6027 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T31 6055-6060 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T32 6087-6088 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T33 6157-6162 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T34 6187-6190 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T35 6535-6537 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007874 denotes MS
T36 6565-6568 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0002421 denotes Cho
T37 6565-6568 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0052479 denotes Cho
T38 6565-6568 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0052480 denotes Cho
T39 6565-6568 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0052483 denotes Cho
T40 6565-6568 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0052484 denotes Cho
T41 6565-6568 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0052485 denotes Cho
T42 6838-6839 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T43 7090-7095 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T1 6535-6537 Chemical denotes MS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73613
T2 6569-6571 Chemical denotes SI http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_90326

LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
2 54-62 Species denotes Children Tax:9606
3 68-76 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
8 211-221 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
9 372-380 Species denotes children Tax:9606
10 386-394 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
11 472-481 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
26 629-676 Species denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Tax:2697049
27 678-688 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
28 693-701 Species denotes children Tax:9606
29 894-904 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
30 985-998 Species denotes coronaviruses Tax:11118
31 1203-1213 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
32 1217-1225 Species denotes children Tax:9606
33 1409-1419 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
34 1453-1461 Species denotes children Tax:9606
35 587-606 Disease denotes coronavirus disease MESH:D018352
36 608-616 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
37 756-765 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
38 1154-1162 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
39 1467-1475 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
46 1512-1520 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
47 1641-1649 Species denotes children Tax:9606
48 1727-1737 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
49 1991-2001 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
50 2023-2032 Species denotes 2019-nCoV Tax:2697049
51 1694-1702 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
56 2323-2331 Species denotes children Tax:9606
57 2517-2527 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
58 2542-2550 Species denotes children Tax:9606
59 2663-2671 Species denotes children Tax:9606
64 3375-3377 Gene denotes mL Gene:21832
65 3318-3320 Gene denotes mL Gene:21832
66 3054-3056 Gene denotes mL Gene:21832
67 2801-2803 Gene denotes mL Gene:21832
74 4004-4006 Gene denotes mL Gene:21832
75 3623-3670 Species denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Tax:2697049
76 3777-3785 Species denotes children Tax:9606
77 4154-4162 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
78 4202-4210 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
79 3791-3810 Disease denotes coronavirus disease MESH:D018352
84 4463-4465 Gene denotes mL Gene:21832
85 4253-4261 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
86 4389-4397 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
87 4480-4487 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
91 4670-4672 Gene denotes mL Gene:21832
92 4545-4553 Species denotes children Tax:9606
93 4633-4641 Species denotes children Tax:9606
100 4820-4830 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
101 4881-4889 Species denotes children Tax:9606
102 5077-5085 Species denotes children Tax:9606
103 5104-5114 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
104 5478-5485 Species denotes infants Tax:9606
105 4895-4903 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
110 5838-5841 Gene denotes aid Gene:57379
111 5930-5938 Species denotes children Tax:9606
112 5726-5746 Disease denotes SARS-CoV-2 infection MESH:C000657245
113 5888-5896 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
118 5957-5967 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
119 6298-6306 Species denotes children Tax:9606
120 6351-6359 Species denotes children Tax:9606
121 6012-6021 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
124 6642-6650 Species denotes children Tax:9606
125 6656-6664 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-96 Sentence denotes Viral RNA Load in Mildly Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Children with COVID-19, Seoul, South Korea
T2 97-180 Sentence denotes Viral RNA Load in Mildly Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Children with COVID-19, Seoul
T3 182-190 Sentence denotes Abstract
T4 191-417 Sentence denotes Along with positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA in nasopharyngeal swabs, viral RNA was detectable at high concentration for >3 weeks in fecal samples from 12 mildly symptomatic and asymptomatic children with COVID-19 in Seoul, South Korea.
T5 418-482 Sentence denotes Saliva also tested positive during the early phase of infection.
T6 483-558 Sentence denotes If proven infectious, feces and saliva could serve as transmission sources.
T7 560-851 Sentence denotes In the current pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in children suspected of having the disease is essential for both infection control and establishing a definite causal relationship in unprecedented cases (1,2).
T8 852-1030 Sentence denotes However, efforts are hindered by negative SARS-CoV-2 test results for respiratory specimens and possible cross-reactivity with other coronaviruses among seropositive cases (2,3).
T9 1031-1226 Sentence denotes Little is known about the value of various samples other than nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab specimens in diagnosing COVID-19 and understanding the viral dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in children.
T10 1227-1365 Sentence denotes Virus RNA was persistently detected in rectal swab specimens in a previous study, although the infectiousness of the virus is unknown (4).
T11 1366-1476 Sentence denotes We analyzed the viral RNA load kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 in various clinical specimens in children with COVID-19.
T12 1477-1608 Sentence denotes In South Korea, all confirmed case-patients, regardless of disease severity, must be isolated in hospitals or isolation facilities.
T13 1609-1936 Sentence denotes For this study, we included all children <18 years of age who were confirmed to have COVID-19 by positive results for SARS-CoV-2 in combined nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab specimens and who were hospitalized in Seoul Metropolitan Government–Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center during March 8–April 28, 2020.
T14 1937-2077 Sentence denotes We extracted RNA from clinical specimens and detected SARS-CoV-2 by using the Allplex 2019-nCoV Assay kit (Seegene, http://www.seegene.com).
T15 2078-2186 Sentence denotes We performed quantitation of the viral RNA with a standard curve constructed using in vitro transcribed RNA.
T16 2187-2307 Sentence denotes This study was approved by the institutional review board at SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center; written consent was waived.
T17 2308-2415 Sentence denotes We included 12 children in the study; 9 were mildly symptomatic and 3 were asymptomatic (Appendix Table 1).
T18 2416-2466 Sentence denotes Median age was 6.5 years (range 27 days–16 years).
T19 2467-2626 Sentence denotes Nasopharyngeal swab specimens tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in all 12 children, and 11 (92%) had positive RNA in their fecal specimens (Appendix Table 2).
T20 2627-2697 Sentence denotes We collected saliva samples from 11 children; 8 (73%) tested positive.
T21 2698-2866 Sentence denotes Viral RNA load in the nasopharyngeal swabs peaked early at median 7.56 (range 6.19–10.56) log10 copies/mL and decreased over time (p<0.001 for trend) (Figure, panel A).
T22 2867-2962 Sentence denotes The positivity of the specimens was 75% during week 2 and 55% during week 3 (Appendix Table 2).
T23 2963-3137 Sentence denotes In comparison, the median initial fecal RNA load was 7.68 (range <4.10–10.27) log10 copies/mL and remained steadily high (p = 0.148 for trend) for >3 weeks (Figure, panel B).
T24 3138-3169 Sentence denotes Fecal positivity remained >80%.
T25 3170-3390 Sentence denotes The median RNA load in fecal samples was significantly higher than that for nasopharyngeal swab specimens during week 2 (7.26 vs. 6.19 log10 copies/mL; p = 0.006) and week 3 (7.61 versus 5.49 log10 copies/mL; p = 0.006).
T26 3391-3500 Sentence denotes Except for 1 case, the RNA load in saliva declined rapidly with time (p = 0.003 for trend) (Figure, panel C).
T27 3501-3603 Sentence denotes Positivity in saliva samples was 80% in week 1 but dropped sharply to 33% in week 2 and 11% in week 3.
T28 3604-3834 Sentence denotes Figure Changes in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 viral RNA load in A) nasopharyngeal swabs, B) feces, and C) saliva of mildly symptomatic and asymptomatic children with coronavirus disease over time, South Korea.
T29 3835-3938 Sentence denotes The thick red line indicates trend in viral RNA load over time, and the shaded areas represent 95% CIs.
T30 3939-4008 Sentence denotes The dashed line indicates the detection limit (1.25 × 104 copies/mL).
T31 4009-4085 Sentence denotes Specimens with undetectable viral RNA loads are shown under the dashed line.
T32 4086-4211 Sentence denotes Days after onset indicates days after symptom onset for symptomatic patients, days after diagnosis for asymptomatic patients.
T33 4212-4353 Sentence denotes We collected urine specimens from the 12 patients after a median of 3 (range 0–8) days and plasma specimens at 2 (range 0–8) days from onset.
T34 4354-4467 Sentence denotes Of these, urine samples of 2 (17%) patients tested positive (median load 5.69 [range 3.82–7.55] log10 copies/mL).
T35 4468-4532 Sentence denotes Only 1 (8%) patient, 27 days of age, had RNA detected in plasma.
T36 4533-4685 Sentence denotes Symptomatic children had higher initial RNA load in nasopharyngeal swab specimens than asymptomatic children (9.01 vs. 6.32 log10 copies/mL; p = 0.048).
T37 4686-4792 Sentence denotes We observed no significant differences in feces and in saliva and no correlation between RNA load and age.
T38 4793-4904 Sentence denotes In this study, we detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in feces of 92% of mildly ill or asymptomatic children with COVID-19.
T39 4905-5086 Sentence denotes In addition, the RNA load in feces remained steadily high, whereas that in nasopharyngeal swab specimens and saliva declined with time in both symptomatic and asymptomatic children.
T40 5087-5283 Sentence denotes The detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in feces does not necessarily mean that infectious virus is present; thus, lack of virus isolation in our study limits interpretation in the context of infectivity.
T41 5284-5405 Sentence denotes However, viable virus was isolated in feces in previous studies, and infectivity was dependent on viral RNA load (3,5,6).
T42 5406-5615 Sentence denotes Considering these findings, proper handwashing when changing diapers in infants and adequate hygiene measures in restrooms are recommended to prevent the potential spread of the virus among household contacts.
T43 5616-5815 Sentence denotes Our findings also suggest that feces is a promising and reliable source for detecting both current and recent SARS-CoV-2 infection because the viral RNA is present in high loads for a prolonged time.
T44 5816-5939 Sentence denotes Fecal specimens could aid in seeking the etiologic relationship between COVID-19 and unexpected manifestations in children.
T45 5940-6049 Sentence denotes We also detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in saliva during the early phase of the infection for a short period of time.
T46 6050-6209 Sentence denotes Live virus was isolated in saliva in a previous study, and the possibility of airborne transmission of the virus through normal speaking has been raised (7,8).
T47 6210-6390 Sentence denotes Although the viral load in saliva drops rapidly, our findings suggest the necessity for children to wear masks, especially in schools, where children would talk in close proximity.
T48 6391-6399 Sentence denotes Appendix
T49 6400-6492 Sentence denotes Additional information about the study of viral RNA load in children with COVID-19 in Seoul.
T50 6494-6530 Sentence denotes Suggested citation for this article:
T51 6531-6587 Sentence denotes Han MS, Seong M-W, Kim N, Shin S, Cho SI, Park H, et al.
T52 6588-6672 Sentence denotes Viral RNA load in mildly symptomatic and asymptomatic children with COVID-19, Seoul.
T53 6673-6690 Sentence denotes Emerg Infect Dis.
T54 6691-6754 Sentence denotes 2020 month [date cited]. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2610.202449
T55 6755-6808 Sentence denotes 1 These authors contributed equally to this article.
T56 6810-7046 Sentence denotes About the Author Dr. Han is a clinical assistant professor in the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics at Seoul Metropolitan Government–Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
T57 7047-7158 Sentence denotes Her research interests include respiratory virus infections and infectious diseases in immunocompromised hosts.