PMC:7502678 / 5269-7006 JSONTXT

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":318,"end":340},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":342,"end":345},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A2","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma55675"},{"id":"A3","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma55675"}],"text":"Seizures and COVID-19\nAbout a third (30%) of the survey respondents reported a suspected cause for new onset seizures in COVID-19 patients. Most often the mechanism thought to be responsible for the seizures was lowered seizure threshold with preexisting risk factors. Some respondents suspected viral invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) and injury from SARS-CoV-2. Rarely, seizures were attributed to cardiac arrest or stroke that occurred during the illness. Most survey respondents (63%) indicated that the new-onset seizures were mostly focal-onset with or without evolution to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures. Other respondents identified seizures as generalized, electrographic only or unclassifiable almost equally.\nOne-third of respondents reported that they had PWE in their practice that had been diagnosed with COVID-19. A majority of these PWE had no change in seizure frequency. About 17% of the respondents noted worsening, while none noted an improvement in seizures in PWE with COVID-19.\nIn PWE who had not been infected with SARS-CoV-2, most respondents did not see a change in seizure frequency in their patients. However, 10% of respondents noted a worsening in seizure frequency, while 5% noted an improvement (Figure 2). Worsening of seizure frequency was attributed to increased stress, sleep deprivation, and reduced access to pharmacies and medications. However, when survey participants were specifically asked if PWE were reporting increased seizures as a result of emotional stress, more than 80% of respondents either disagreed or were neutral or unsure. Conversely, improved seizure control was attributed to better sleep and medication adherence.\nFigure 2. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on PWE."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":318,"end":340},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":326,"end":340},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":342,"end":345},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001017"},{"id":"A2","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001016"},{"id":"A3","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001017"}],"text":"Seizures and COVID-19\nAbout a third (30%) of the survey respondents reported a suspected cause for new onset seizures in COVID-19 patients. Most often the mechanism thought to be responsible for the seizures was lowered seizure threshold with preexisting risk factors. Some respondents suspected viral invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) and injury from SARS-CoV-2. Rarely, seizures were attributed to cardiac arrest or stroke that occurred during the illness. Most survey respondents (63%) indicated that the new-onset seizures were mostly focal-onset with or without evolution to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures. Other respondents identified seizures as generalized, electrographic only or unclassifiable almost equally.\nOne-third of respondents reported that they had PWE in their practice that had been diagnosed with COVID-19. A majority of these PWE had no change in seizure frequency. About 17% of the respondents noted worsening, while none noted an improvement in seizures in PWE with COVID-19.\nIn PWE who had not been infected with SARS-CoV-2, most respondents did not see a change in seizure frequency in their patients. However, 10% of respondents noted a worsening in seizure frequency, while 5% noted an improvement (Figure 2). Worsening of seizure frequency was attributed to increased stress, sleep deprivation, and reduced access to pharmacies and medications. However, when survey participants were specifically asked if PWE were reporting increased seizures as a result of emotional stress, more than 80% of respondents either disagreed or were neutral or unsure. Conversely, improved seizure control was attributed to better sleep and medication adherence.\nFigure 2. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on PWE."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T23","span":{"begin":13,"end":21},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T24","span":{"begin":121,"end":129},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T25","span":{"begin":351,"end":357},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T26","span":{"begin":363,"end":371},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T27","span":{"begin":411,"end":425},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T28","span":{"begin":429,"end":435},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T30","span":{"begin":831,"end":839},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T31","span":{"begin":1003,"end":1011},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T32","span":{"begin":1051,"end":1059},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T33","span":{"begin":1712,"end":1720},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A23","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T23","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A24","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T24","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A25","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T25","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178"},{"id":"A26","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T26","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A27","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T27","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0000745"},{"id":"A28","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T28","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005098"},{"id":"A29","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T28","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0011057"},{"id":"A30","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T30","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A31","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T31","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A32","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T32","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A33","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T33","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"}],"text":"Seizures and COVID-19\nAbout a third (30%) of the survey respondents reported a suspected cause for new onset seizures in COVID-19 patients. Most often the mechanism thought to be responsible for the seizures was lowered seizure threshold with preexisting risk factors. Some respondents suspected viral invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) and injury from SARS-CoV-2. Rarely, seizures were attributed to cardiac arrest or stroke that occurred during the illness. Most survey respondents (63%) indicated that the new-onset seizures were mostly focal-onset with or without evolution to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures. Other respondents identified seizures as generalized, electrographic only or unclassifiable almost equally.\nOne-third of respondents reported that they had PWE in their practice that had been diagnosed with COVID-19. A majority of these PWE had no change in seizure frequency. About 17% of the respondents noted worsening, while none noted an improvement in seizures in PWE with COVID-19.\nIn PWE who had not been infected with SARS-CoV-2, most respondents did not see a change in seizure frequency in their patients. However, 10% of respondents noted a worsening in seizure frequency, while 5% noted an improvement (Figure 2). Worsening of seizure frequency was attributed to increased stress, sleep deprivation, and reduced access to pharmacies and medications. However, when survey participants were specifically asked if PWE were reporting increased seizures as a result of emotional stress, more than 80% of respondents either disagreed or were neutral or unsure. Conversely, improved seizure control was attributed to better sleep and medication adherence.\nFigure 2. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on PWE."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":28,"end":29},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":77,"end":78},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T23","span":{"begin":318,"end":340},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001017"},{"id":"T24","span":{"begin":318,"end":340},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000302"},{"id":"T25","span":{"begin":318,"end":340},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000908"},{"id":"T26","span":{"begin":342,"end":345},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000302"},{"id":"T27","span":{"begin":342,"end":345},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000908"},{"id":"T28","span":{"begin":342,"end":345},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001017"},{"id":"T29","span":{"begin":841,"end":842},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T30","span":{"begin":1092,"end":1093},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T31","span":{"begin":1175,"end":1176},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T32","span":{"begin":1489,"end":1490},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"}],"text":"Seizures and COVID-19\nAbout a third (30%) of the survey respondents reported a suspected cause for new onset seizures in COVID-19 patients. Most often the mechanism thought to be responsible for the seizures was lowered seizure threshold with preexisting risk factors. Some respondents suspected viral invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) and injury from SARS-CoV-2. Rarely, seizures were attributed to cardiac arrest or stroke that occurred during the illness. Most survey respondents (63%) indicated that the new-onset seizures were mostly focal-onset with or without evolution to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures. Other respondents identified seizures as generalized, electrographic only or unclassifiable almost equally.\nOne-third of respondents reported that they had PWE in their practice that had been diagnosed with COVID-19. A majority of these PWE had no change in seizure frequency. About 17% of the respondents noted worsening, while none noted an improvement in seizures in PWE with COVID-19.\nIn PWE who had not been infected with SARS-CoV-2, most respondents did not see a change in seizure frequency in their patients. However, 10% of respondents noted a worsening in seizure frequency, while 5% noted an improvement (Figure 2). Worsening of seizure frequency was attributed to increased stress, sleep deprivation, and reduced access to pharmacies and medications. However, when survey participants were specifically asked if PWE were reporting increased seizures as a result of emotional stress, more than 80% of respondents either disagreed or were neutral or unsure. Conversely, improved seizure control was attributed to better sleep and medication adherence.\nFigure 2. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on PWE."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"66","span":{"begin":0,"end":8},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"67","span":{"begin":13,"end":21},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"80","span":{"begin":130,"end":138},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"81","span":{"begin":363,"end":373},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"82","span":{"begin":109,"end":117},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"83","span":{"begin":121,"end":129},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"84","span":{"begin":199,"end":207},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"85","span":{"begin":220,"end":227},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"86","span":{"begin":383,"end":391},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"87","span":{"begin":411,"end":425},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"88","span":{"begin":429,"end":435},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"89","span":{"begin":529,"end":537},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"90","span":{"begin":601,"end":622},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"91","span":{"begin":653,"end":661},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"96","span":{"begin":831,"end":839},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"97","span":{"begin":882,"end":889},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"98","span":{"begin":982,"end":990},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"99","span":{"begin":1003,"end":1011},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"112","span":{"begin":1051,"end":1061},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"113","span":{"begin":1131,"end":1139},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"114","span":{"begin":1408,"end":1420},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"115","span":{"begin":1037,"end":1045},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"116","span":{"begin":1104,"end":1111},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"117","span":{"begin":1190,"end":1197},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"118","span":{"begin":1264,"end":1271},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"119","span":{"begin":1318,"end":1335},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"120","span":{"begin":1477,"end":1485},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"121","span":{"begin":1501,"end":1517},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"122","span":{"begin":1613,"end":1620},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"123","span":{"begin":1654,"end":1659},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"125","span":{"begin":1712,"end":1720},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A66","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"66","obj":"MESH:D012640"},{"id":"A67","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"67","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A80","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"80","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A81","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"81","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A82","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"82","obj":"MESH:D012640"},{"id":"A83","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"83","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A84","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"84","obj":"MESH:D012640"},{"id":"A85","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"85","obj":"MESH:D012640"},{"id":"A86","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"86","obj":"MESH:D012640"},{"id":"A87","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"87","obj":"MESH:D006323"},{"id":"A88","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"88","obj":"MESH:D020521"},{"id":"A89","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"89","obj":"MESH:D012640"},{"id":"A90","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"90","obj":"MESH:D004830"},{"id":"A91","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"91","obj":"MESH:D012640"},{"id":"A96","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"96","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A97","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"97","obj":"MESH:D012640"},{"id":"A98","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"98","obj":"MESH:D012640"},{"id":"A99","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"99","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A112","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"112","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A113","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"113","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A114","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"114","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A115","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"115","obj":"MESH:D007239"},{"id":"A116","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"116","obj":"MESH:D012640"},{"id":"A117","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"117","obj":"MESH:D012640"},{"id":"A118","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"118","obj":"MESH:D012640"},{"id":"A119","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"119","obj":"MESH:D012892"},{"id":"A120","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"120","obj":"MESH:D012640"},{"id":"A121","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"121","obj":"MESH:D000079225"},{"id":"A122","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"122","obj":"MESH:D012640"},{"id":"A123","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"123","obj":"MESH:D012893"},{"id":"A125","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"125","obj":"MESH:C000657245"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"Seizures and COVID-19\nAbout a third (30%) of the survey respondents reported a suspected cause for new onset seizures in COVID-19 patients. Most often the mechanism thought to be responsible for the seizures was lowered seizure threshold with preexisting risk factors. Some respondents suspected viral invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) and injury from SARS-CoV-2. Rarely, seizures were attributed to cardiac arrest or stroke that occurred during the illness. Most survey respondents (63%) indicated that the new-onset seizures were mostly focal-onset with or without evolution to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures. Other respondents identified seizures as generalized, electrographic only or unclassifiable almost equally.\nOne-third of respondents reported that they had PWE in their practice that had been diagnosed with COVID-19. A majority of these PWE had no change in seizure frequency. About 17% of the respondents noted worsening, while none noted an improvement in seizures in PWE with COVID-19.\nIn PWE who had not been infected with SARS-CoV-2, most respondents did not see a change in seizure frequency in their patients. However, 10% of respondents noted a worsening in seizure frequency, while 5% noted an improvement (Figure 2). Worsening of seizure frequency was attributed to increased stress, sleep deprivation, and reduced access to pharmacies and medications. However, when survey participants were specifically asked if PWE were reporting increased seizures as a result of emotional stress, more than 80% of respondents either disagreed or were neutral or unsure. Conversely, improved seizure control was attributed to better sleep and medication adherence.\nFigure 2. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on PWE."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":0,"end":8},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":109,"end":117},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":199,"end":207},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":220,"end":227},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":383,"end":391},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":411,"end":425},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":429,"end":435},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":529,"end":537},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":591,"end":622},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T23","span":{"begin":653,"end":661},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T24","span":{"begin":882,"end":889},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T25","span":{"begin":982,"end":990},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T26","span":{"begin":1104,"end":1111},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T27","span":{"begin":1190,"end":1197},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T28","span":{"begin":1264,"end":1271},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T29","span":{"begin":1477,"end":1485},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T30","span":{"begin":1613,"end":1620},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A14","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T14","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001250"},{"id":"A15","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T15","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001250"},{"id":"A16","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T16","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001250"},{"id":"A17","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T17","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001250"},{"id":"A18","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T18","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001250"},{"id":"A19","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T19","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001695"},{"id":"A20","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T20","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001297"},{"id":"A21","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T21","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001250"},{"id":"A22","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T22","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002069"},{"id":"A23","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T23","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001250"},{"id":"A24","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T24","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001250"},{"id":"A25","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T25","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001250"},{"id":"A26","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T26","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001250"},{"id":"A27","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T27","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001250"},{"id":"A28","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T28","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001250"},{"id":"A29","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T29","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001250"},{"id":"A30","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T30","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001250"}],"text":"Seizures and COVID-19\nAbout a third (30%) of the survey respondents reported a suspected cause for new onset seizures in COVID-19 patients. Most often the mechanism thought to be responsible for the seizures was lowered seizure threshold with preexisting risk factors. Some respondents suspected viral invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) and injury from SARS-CoV-2. Rarely, seizures were attributed to cardiac arrest or stroke that occurred during the illness. Most survey respondents (63%) indicated that the new-onset seizures were mostly focal-onset with or without evolution to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures. Other respondents identified seizures as generalized, electrographic only or unclassifiable almost equally.\nOne-third of respondents reported that they had PWE in their practice that had been diagnosed with COVID-19. A majority of these PWE had no change in seizure frequency. About 17% of the respondents noted worsening, while none noted an improvement in seizures in PWE with COVID-19.\nIn PWE who had not been infected with SARS-CoV-2, most respondents did not see a change in seizure frequency in their patients. However, 10% of respondents noted a worsening in seizure frequency, while 5% noted an improvement (Figure 2). Worsening of seizure frequency was attributed to increased stress, sleep deprivation, and reduced access to pharmacies and medications. However, when survey participants were specifically asked if PWE were reporting increased seizures as a result of emotional stress, more than 80% of respondents either disagreed or were neutral or unsure. Conversely, improved seizure control was attributed to better sleep and medication adherence.\nFigure 2. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on PWE."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":1318,"end":1323},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0030431"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":1654,"end":1659},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0030431"}],"text":"Seizures and COVID-19\nAbout a third (30%) of the survey respondents reported a suspected cause for new onset seizures in COVID-19 patients. Most often the mechanism thought to be responsible for the seizures was lowered seizure threshold with preexisting risk factors. Some respondents suspected viral invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) and injury from SARS-CoV-2. Rarely, seizures were attributed to cardiac arrest or stroke that occurred during the illness. Most survey respondents (63%) indicated that the new-onset seizures were mostly focal-onset with or without evolution to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures. Other respondents identified seizures as generalized, electrographic only or unclassifiable almost equally.\nOne-third of respondents reported that they had PWE in their practice that had been diagnosed with COVID-19. A majority of these PWE had no change in seizure frequency. About 17% of the respondents noted worsening, while none noted an improvement in seizures in PWE with COVID-19.\nIn PWE who had not been infected with SARS-CoV-2, most respondents did not see a change in seizure frequency in their patients. However, 10% of respondents noted a worsening in seizure frequency, while 5% noted an improvement (Figure 2). Worsening of seizure frequency was attributed to increased stress, sleep deprivation, and reduced access to pharmacies and medications. However, when survey participants were specifically asked if PWE were reporting increased seizures as a result of emotional stress, more than 80% of respondents either disagreed or were neutral or unsure. Conversely, improved seizure control was attributed to better sleep and medication adherence.\nFigure 2. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on PWE."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T47","span":{"begin":0,"end":21},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T48","span":{"begin":22,"end":139},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T49","span":{"begin":140,"end":268},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T50","span":{"begin":269,"end":374},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T51","span":{"begin":375,"end":469},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T52","span":{"begin":470,"end":623},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T53","span":{"begin":624,"end":731},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T54","span":{"begin":732,"end":840},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T55","span":{"begin":841,"end":900},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T56","span":{"begin":901,"end":1012},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T57","span":{"begin":1013,"end":1140},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T58","span":{"begin":1141,"end":1250},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T59","span":{"begin":1251,"end":1386},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T60","span":{"begin":1387,"end":1591},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T61","span":{"begin":1592,"end":1685},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T62","span":{"begin":1686,"end":1695},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T63","span":{"begin":1697,"end":1737},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"Seizures and COVID-19\nAbout a third (30%) of the survey respondents reported a suspected cause for new onset seizures in COVID-19 patients. Most often the mechanism thought to be responsible for the seizures was lowered seizure threshold with preexisting risk factors. Some respondents suspected viral invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) and injury from SARS-CoV-2. Rarely, seizures were attributed to cardiac arrest or stroke that occurred during the illness. Most survey respondents (63%) indicated that the new-onset seizures were mostly focal-onset with or without evolution to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures. Other respondents identified seizures as generalized, electrographic only or unclassifiable almost equally.\nOne-third of respondents reported that they had PWE in their practice that had been diagnosed with COVID-19. A majority of these PWE had no change in seizure frequency. About 17% of the respondents noted worsening, while none noted an improvement in seizures in PWE with COVID-19.\nIn PWE who had not been infected with SARS-CoV-2, most respondents did not see a change in seizure frequency in their patients. However, 10% of respondents noted a worsening in seizure frequency, while 5% noted an improvement (Figure 2). Worsening of seizure frequency was attributed to increased stress, sleep deprivation, and reduced access to pharmacies and medications. However, when survey participants were specifically asked if PWE were reporting increased seizures as a result of emotional stress, more than 80% of respondents either disagreed or were neutral or unsure. Conversely, improved seizure control was attributed to better sleep and medication adherence.\nFigure 2. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on PWE."}