PMC:7497282 / 89042-91081
Annnotations
MyTest
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studies explored the role of IPV use after OPV cessation [18–20, 25, 28, 33, 39, 51–60, 64, 65, 68, 69, 73–77, 80, 90, 91, 94, 97, 103, 114, 115, 118–120, 122, 133, 150, 153, 164], primarily related to IPV use in routine immunization after WPV eradication. These studies included consideration of the use of IPV in oSIAs, which represents a topic on which the modeling groups offered different recommendations [51, 55, 64, 68, 133, 150, 164]. Notably, KRI does not recommend the use of IPV for oSIAs in OPV-using countries except when homotypic OPV is not available, because adding IPV to oSIAs is not effective and not cost-effective based on its DEB and integrated modeling [64]. In contrast, IC suggests that adding IPV may offer some benefit based on statistical modeling of observational data [106, 114]. The health and economic benefits of using IPV in routine immunization in OPV-using countries differ substantially before and after homotypic OPV cessation. Giving IPV doses sequentially before OPV doses in a national immunization schedule can eliminate VAPP, which is important in high- and upper middle-income countries that achieve high coverage and want to minimize risks associated with vaccine use. In contrast, for countries with relatively lower coverage, IPV may provide some protection from paralysis to the small fraction of children who only receive IPV, but it does not substantially contribute to population immunity to transmission and it may lead to the potential for silent transmission or delayed detection of transmission of LPVs [26–28, 39, 97, 133, 162, 164, 166, 170]. The high cost of IPV also remains an issue, with the relatively high cost of the vaccine and its administration making IPV use not cost-effective. IPV offers an expensive option for post-OPV cessation insurance (i.e. a vaccine that provides protection from paralysis to recipients at a high cost for a virus that is supposed to be gone and does not limit participation in transmission if the virus is not gone or is reintroduced)."}
2_test
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studies explored the role of IPV use after OPV cessation [18–20, 25, 28, 33, 39, 51–60, 64, 65, 68, 69, 73–77, 80, 90, 91, 94, 97, 103, 114, 115, 118–120, 122, 133, 150, 153, 164], primarily related to IPV use in routine immunization after WPV eradication. These studies included consideration of the use of IPV in oSIAs, which represents a topic on which the modeling groups offered different recommendations [51, 55, 64, 68, 133, 150, 164]. Notably, KRI does not recommend the use of IPV for oSIAs in OPV-using countries except when homotypic OPV is not available, because adding IPV to oSIAs is not effective and not cost-effective based on its DEB and integrated modeling [64]. In contrast, IC suggests that adding IPV may offer some benefit based on statistical modeling of observational data [106, 114]. The health and economic benefits of using IPV in routine immunization in OPV-using countries differ substantially before and after homotypic OPV cessation. Giving IPV doses sequentially before OPV doses in a national immunization schedule can eliminate VAPP, which is important in high- and upper middle-income countries that achieve high coverage and want to minimize risks associated with vaccine use. In contrast, for countries with relatively lower coverage, IPV may provide some protection from paralysis to the small fraction of children who only receive IPV, but it does not substantially contribute to population immunity to transmission and it may lead to the potential for silent transmission or delayed detection of transmission of LPVs [26–28, 39, 97, 133, 162, 164, 166, 170]. The high cost of IPV also remains an issue, with the relatively high cost of the vaccine and its administration making IPV use not cost-effective. IPV offers an expensive option for post-OPV cessation insurance (i.e. a vaccine that provides protection from paralysis to recipients at a high cost for a virus that is supposed to be gone and does not limit participation in transmission if the virus is not gone or is reintroduced)."}