PMC:7464116 / 2519-4523
Annnotations
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":1401,"end":1409},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1448,"end":1454},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1525,"end":1531},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":1654,"end":1660},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":1941,"end":1947},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A8","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma264783"},{"id":"A9","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T9","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7203"},{"id":"A10","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T10","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7203"},{"id":"A11","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T11","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7203"},{"id":"A12","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T12","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7203"}],"text":"The Americas and Europe are the most affected continents in the world. In the United States of America (U.S.A.), 4,103,674 cases and over 146,000 deaths have been reported. In Europe, many outbreaks are steadily rising in Russia, Spain, UK and Italy, with over 200,000 overall deaths in the continent. However, in China the rate of new cases has progressively decreased substantially since March [3]. The pandemic has also had a severe economic impact. In fact, to help improve the clinical management of patients infected with the virus, Europe has mobilized more than 10 million euros from research funding and the United Kingdom has also invested £20,000,000 to allow for the development of a COVID-19 vaccine [5]. It has also been estimated that in the U.S.A., the health care costs for a single infected patient is over $3000, resulting in an overall predicted expenditure of $654.0 billion over the entire period of the pandemic [6,7].A flu-like syndrome of mild severity has been observed in most cases (80%) of COVID-19 [8,9], but in 20% of cases there have been other complications such as interstitial pneumonia with a variable degree of respiratory failure [10] as well as thromboembolic complications, including venous thromboembolism (VTE), ischemic stroke and acute coronary syndrome (ACS)/myocardial infarction [11]. Although the principal features associated with COVID-19 are diffuse alveolar damage and acute respiratory failure, kidney impairment has also often developed, with the frequent onset of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2. In addition, more than 20% of deceased patients were affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD) [11]. For this reason, the kidney’s role in COVID-19 needs to be investigated [8]. The aim of this review is to describe the main aspects of COVID-19 infection, namely the epidemiology and pathophysiology, together with prevention strategies and the contribution of kidney diseases to the prognosis of COVID-19 affected patients."}
LitCovid-PD-UBERON
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":1448,"end":1454},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":1525,"end":1531},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1654,"end":1660},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1941,"end":1947},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A7","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113"},{"id":"A8","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113"},{"id":"A9","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T9","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113"},{"id":"A10","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T10","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113"}],"text":"The Americas and Europe are the most affected continents in the world. In the United States of America (U.S.A.), 4,103,674 cases and over 146,000 deaths have been reported. In Europe, many outbreaks are steadily rising in Russia, Spain, UK and Italy, with over 200,000 overall deaths in the continent. However, in China the rate of new cases has progressively decreased substantially since March [3]. The pandemic has also had a severe economic impact. In fact, to help improve the clinical management of patients infected with the virus, Europe has mobilized more than 10 million euros from research funding and the United Kingdom has also invested £20,000,000 to allow for the development of a COVID-19 vaccine [5]. It has also been estimated that in the U.S.A., the health care costs for a single infected patient is over $3000, resulting in an overall predicted expenditure of $654.0 billion over the entire period of the pandemic [6,7].A flu-like syndrome of mild severity has been observed in most cases (80%) of COVID-19 [8,9], but in 20% of cases there have been other complications such as interstitial pneumonia with a variable degree of respiratory failure [10] as well as thromboembolic complications, including venous thromboembolism (VTE), ischemic stroke and acute coronary syndrome (ACS)/myocardial infarction [11]. Although the principal features associated with COVID-19 are diffuse alveolar damage and acute respiratory failure, kidney impairment has also often developed, with the frequent onset of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2. In addition, more than 20% of deceased patients were affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD) [11]. For this reason, the kidney’s role in COVID-19 needs to be investigated [8]. The aim of this review is to describe the main aspects of COVID-19 infection, namely the epidemiology and pathophysiology, together with prevention strategies and the contribution of kidney diseases to the prognosis of COVID-19 affected patients."}
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T44","span":{"begin":696,"end":704},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T45","span":{"begin":943,"end":946},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T46","span":{"begin":1019,"end":1027},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T47","span":{"begin":1112,"end":1121},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T48","span":{"begin":1148,"end":1167},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T49","span":{"begin":1224,"end":1246},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T50","span":{"begin":1248,"end":1251},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T51","span":{"begin":1263,"end":1269},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T53","span":{"begin":1274,"end":1297},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T54","span":{"begin":1304,"end":1325},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T55","span":{"begin":1380,"end":1388},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T56","span":{"begin":1421,"end":1446},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T58","span":{"begin":1519,"end":1538},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T59","span":{"begin":1532,"end":1538},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T60","span":{"begin":1540,"end":1543},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T61","span":{"begin":1569,"end":1577},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T62","span":{"begin":1569,"end":1573},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T63","span":{"begin":1646,"end":1668},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T64","span":{"begin":1654,"end":1668},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T66","span":{"begin":1670,"end":1673},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T67","span":{"begin":1719,"end":1727},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T68","span":{"begin":1816,"end":1824},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T69","span":{"begin":1825,"end":1834},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T70","span":{"begin":1941,"end":1956},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T72","span":{"begin":1977,"end":1985},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A44","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T44","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A45","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T45","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812"},{"id":"A46","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T46","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A47","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T47","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"},{"id":"A48","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T48","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021113"},{"id":"A49","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T49","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005399"},{"id":"A50","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T50","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005399"},{"id":"A51","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T51","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005098"},{"id":"A52","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T51","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0011057"},{"id":"A53","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T53","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005542"},{"id":"A54","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T54","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005068"},{"id":"A55","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T55","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A56","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T56","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001208"},{"id":"A57","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T56","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021113"},{"id":"A58","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T58","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002492"},{"id":"A59","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T59","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178"},{"id":"A60","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T60","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002492"},{"id":"A61","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T61","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A62","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T62","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A63","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T63","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005300"},{"id":"A64","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T64","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001343"},{"id":"A65","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T64","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005240"},{"id":"A66","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T66","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005300"},{"id":"A67","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T67","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A68","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T68","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A69","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T69","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550"},{"id":"A70","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T70","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001343"},{"id":"A71","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T70","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005240"},{"id":"A72","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T72","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"}],"text":"The Americas and Europe are the most affected continents in the world. In the United States of America (U.S.A.), 4,103,674 cases and over 146,000 deaths have been reported. In Europe, many outbreaks are steadily rising in Russia, Spain, UK and Italy, with over 200,000 overall deaths in the continent. However, in China the rate of new cases has progressively decreased substantially since March [3]. The pandemic has also had a severe economic impact. In fact, to help improve the clinical management of patients infected with the virus, Europe has mobilized more than 10 million euros from research funding and the United Kingdom has also invested £20,000,000 to allow for the development of a COVID-19 vaccine [5]. It has also been estimated that in the U.S.A., the health care costs for a single infected patient is over $3000, resulting in an overall predicted expenditure of $654.0 billion over the entire period of the pandemic [6,7].A flu-like syndrome of mild severity has been observed in most cases (80%) of COVID-19 [8,9], but in 20% of cases there have been other complications such as interstitial pneumonia with a variable degree of respiratory failure [10] as well as thromboembolic complications, including venous thromboembolism (VTE), ischemic stroke and acute coronary syndrome (ACS)/myocardial infarction [11]. Although the principal features associated with COVID-19 are diffuse alveolar damage and acute respiratory failure, kidney impairment has also often developed, with the frequent onset of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2. In addition, more than 20% of deceased patients were affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD) [11]. For this reason, the kidney’s role in COVID-19 needs to be investigated [8]. The aim of this review is to describe the main aspects of COVID-19 infection, namely the epidemiology and pathophysiology, together with prevention strategies and the contribution of kidney diseases to the prognosis of COVID-19 affected patients."}
LitCovid-PD-CLO
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T30","span":{"begin":342,"end":345},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582"},{"id":"T31","span":{"begin":414,"end":417},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582"},{"id":"T32","span":{"begin":427,"end":428},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T33","span":{"begin":532,"end":537},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239"},{"id":"T34","span":{"begin":546,"end":549},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582"},{"id":"T35","span":{"begin":632,"end":635},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582"},{"id":"T36","span":{"begin":694,"end":695},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T37","span":{"begin":721,"end":724},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582"},{"id":"T38","span":{"begin":791,"end":792},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T39","span":{"begin":941,"end":942},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T40","span":{"begin":978,"end":981},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582"},{"id":"T41","span":{"begin":1127,"end":1128},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T42","span":{"begin":1327,"end":1329},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733"},{"id":"T43","span":{"begin":1448,"end":1454},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113"},{"id":"T44","span":{"begin":1448,"end":1454},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000927"},{"id":"T45","span":{"begin":1448,"end":1454},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000929"},{"id":"T46","span":{"begin":1466,"end":1469},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582"},{"id":"T47","span":{"begin":1525,"end":1531},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113"},{"id":"T48","span":{"begin":1525,"end":1531},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000927"},{"id":"T49","span":{"begin":1525,"end":1531},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000929"},{"id":"T50","span":{"begin":1654,"end":1660},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113"},{"id":"T51","span":{"begin":1654,"end":1660},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000927"},{"id":"T52","span":{"begin":1654,"end":1660},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000929"},{"id":"T53","span":{"begin":1676,"end":1678},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733"},{"id":"T54","span":{"begin":1702,"end":1710},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113"},{"id":"T55","span":{"begin":1702,"end":1710},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000927"},{"id":"T56","span":{"begin":1702,"end":1710},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000929"},{"id":"T57","span":{"begin":1762,"end":1765},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001343"},{"id":"T58","span":{"begin":1941,"end":1947},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113"},{"id":"T59","span":{"begin":1941,"end":1947},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000927"},{"id":"T60","span":{"begin":1941,"end":1947},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000929"}],"text":"The Americas and Europe are the most affected continents in the world. In the United States of America (U.S.A.), 4,103,674 cases and over 146,000 deaths have been reported. In Europe, many outbreaks are steadily rising in Russia, Spain, UK and Italy, with over 200,000 overall deaths in the continent. However, in China the rate of new cases has progressively decreased substantially since March [3]. The pandemic has also had a severe economic impact. In fact, to help improve the clinical management of patients infected with the virus, Europe has mobilized more than 10 million euros from research funding and the United Kingdom has also invested £20,000,000 to allow for the development of a COVID-19 vaccine [5]. It has also been estimated that in the U.S.A., the health care costs for a single infected patient is over $3000, resulting in an overall predicted expenditure of $654.0 billion over the entire period of the pandemic [6,7].A flu-like syndrome of mild severity has been observed in most cases (80%) of COVID-19 [8,9], but in 20% of cases there have been other complications such as interstitial pneumonia with a variable degree of respiratory failure [10] as well as thromboembolic complications, including venous thromboembolism (VTE), ischemic stroke and acute coronary syndrome (ACS)/myocardial infarction [11]. Although the principal features associated with COVID-19 are diffuse alveolar damage and acute respiratory failure, kidney impairment has also often developed, with the frequent onset of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2. In addition, more than 20% of deceased patients were affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD) [11]. For this reason, the kidney’s role in COVID-19 needs to be investigated [8]. The aim of this review is to describe the main aspects of COVID-19 infection, namely the epidemiology and pathophysiology, together with prevention strategies and the contribution of kidney diseases to the prognosis of COVID-19 affected patients."}
LitCovid-sentences
{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":0,"end":70},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":71,"end":172},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":173,"end":301},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":302,"end":400},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T23","span":{"begin":401,"end":452},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T24","span":{"begin":453,"end":717},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T25","span":{"begin":718,"end":1331},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T26","span":{"begin":1332,"end":1580},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T27","span":{"begin":1581,"end":1680},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T28","span":{"begin":1681,"end":1757},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T29","span":{"begin":1758,"end":2004},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"The Americas and Europe are the most affected continents in the world. In the United States of America (U.S.A.), 4,103,674 cases and over 146,000 deaths have been reported. In Europe, many outbreaks are steadily rising in Russia, Spain, UK and Italy, with over 200,000 overall deaths in the continent. However, in China the rate of new cases has progressively decreased substantially since March [3]. The pandemic has also had a severe economic impact. In fact, to help improve the clinical management of patients infected with the virus, Europe has mobilized more than 10 million euros from research funding and the United Kingdom has also invested £20,000,000 to allow for the development of a COVID-19 vaccine [5]. It has also been estimated that in the U.S.A., the health care costs for a single infected patient is over $3000, resulting in an overall predicted expenditure of $654.0 billion over the entire period of the pandemic [6,7].A flu-like syndrome of mild severity has been observed in most cases (80%) of COVID-19 [8,9], but in 20% of cases there have been other complications such as interstitial pneumonia with a variable degree of respiratory failure [10] as well as thromboembolic complications, including venous thromboembolism (VTE), ischemic stroke and acute coronary syndrome (ACS)/myocardial infarction [11]. Although the principal features associated with COVID-19 are diffuse alveolar damage and acute respiratory failure, kidney impairment has also often developed, with the frequent onset of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2. In addition, more than 20% of deceased patients were affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD) [11]. For this reason, the kidney’s role in COVID-19 needs to be investigated [8]. The aim of this review is to describe the main aspects of COVID-19 infection, namely the epidemiology and pathophysiology, together with prevention strategies and the contribution of kidney diseases to the prognosis of COVID-19 affected patients."}
LitCovid-PD-HP
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":1112,"end":1121},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":1148,"end":1167},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":1184,"end":1198},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":1231,"end":1246},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":1254,"end":1269},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":1304,"end":1325},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":1393,"end":1416},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":1427,"end":1446},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":1519,"end":1538},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":1540,"end":1543},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T23","span":{"begin":1646,"end":1668},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T24","span":{"begin":1670,"end":1673},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T25","span":{"begin":1941,"end":1956},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A13","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T13","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A14","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T14","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002878"},{"id":"A15","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T15","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001907"},{"id":"A16","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T16","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001907"},{"id":"A17","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T17","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002140"},{"id":"A18","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T18","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001658"},{"id":"A19","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T19","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033006"},{"id":"A20","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T20","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002878"},{"id":"A21","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T21","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001919"},{"id":"A22","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T22","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001919"},{"id":"A23","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T23","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012622"},{"id":"A24","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T24","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012622"},{"id":"A25","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T25","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000112"}],"text":"The Americas and Europe are the most affected continents in the world. In the United States of America (U.S.A.), 4,103,674 cases and over 146,000 deaths have been reported. In Europe, many outbreaks are steadily rising in Russia, Spain, UK and Italy, with over 200,000 overall deaths in the continent. However, in China the rate of new cases has progressively decreased substantially since March [3]. The pandemic has also had a severe economic impact. In fact, to help improve the clinical management of patients infected with the virus, Europe has mobilized more than 10 million euros from research funding and the United Kingdom has also invested £20,000,000 to allow for the development of a COVID-19 vaccine [5]. It has also been estimated that in the U.S.A., the health care costs for a single infected patient is over $3000, resulting in an overall predicted expenditure of $654.0 billion over the entire period of the pandemic [6,7].A flu-like syndrome of mild severity has been observed in most cases (80%) of COVID-19 [8,9], but in 20% of cases there have been other complications such as interstitial pneumonia with a variable degree of respiratory failure [10] as well as thromboembolic complications, including venous thromboembolism (VTE), ischemic stroke and acute coronary syndrome (ACS)/myocardial infarction [11]. Although the principal features associated with COVID-19 are diffuse alveolar damage and acute respiratory failure, kidney impairment has also often developed, with the frequent onset of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2. In addition, more than 20% of deceased patients were affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD) [11]. For this reason, the kidney’s role in COVID-19 needs to be investigated [8]. The aim of this review is to describe the main aspects of COVID-19 infection, namely the epidemiology and pathophysiology, together with prevention strategies and the contribution of kidney diseases to the prognosis of COVID-19 affected patients."}
LitCovid-PubTator
{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"110","span":{"begin":505,"end":513},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"111","span":{"begin":581,"end":586},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"112","span":{"begin":809,"end":816},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"113","span":{"begin":1548,"end":1556},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"114","span":{"begin":1569,"end":1579},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"115","span":{"begin":1620,"end":1628},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"116","span":{"begin":1995,"end":2003},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"117","span":{"begin":146,"end":152},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"118","span":{"begin":277,"end":283},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"119","span":{"begin":514,"end":522},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"120","span":{"begin":696,"end":704},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"121","span":{"begin":800,"end":808},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"122","span":{"begin":943,"end":960},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"123","span":{"begin":1019,"end":1027},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"124","span":{"begin":1099,"end":1121},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"125","span":{"begin":1148,"end":1167},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"126","span":{"begin":1184,"end":1212},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"127","span":{"begin":1224,"end":1246},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"128","span":{"begin":1248,"end":1251},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"129","span":{"begin":1254,"end":1297},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"130","span":{"begin":1304,"end":1325},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"131","span":{"begin":1380,"end":1388},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"132","span":{"begin":1401,"end":1416},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"133","span":{"begin":1427,"end":1446},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"134","span":{"begin":1448,"end":1465},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"135","span":{"begin":1519,"end":1538},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"136","span":{"begin":1557,"end":1565},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"137","span":{"begin":1646,"end":1668},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"138","span":{"begin":1670,"end":1673},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"139","span":{"begin":1719,"end":1727},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"140","span":{"begin":1816,"end":1824},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"141","span":{"begin":1825,"end":1834},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"142","span":{"begin":1941,"end":1956},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"143","span":{"begin":1977,"end":1985},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A110","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"110","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A111","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"111","obj":"Tax:9319"},{"id":"A112","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"112","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A113","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"113","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A114","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"114","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A115","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"115","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A116","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"116","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A117","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"117","obj":"MESH:D003643"},{"id":"A118","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"118","obj":"MESH:D003643"},{"id":"A119","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"119","obj":"MESH:D007239"},{"id":"A120","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"120","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A121","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"121","obj":"MESH:D007239"},{"id":"A122","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"122","obj":"MESH:D007251"},{"id":"A123","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"123","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A124","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"124","obj":"MESH:D009395"},{"id":"A125","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"125","obj":"MESH:D012131"},{"id":"A126","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"126","obj":"MESH:D013923"},{"id":"A127","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"127","obj":"MESH:D054556"},{"id":"A128","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"128","obj":"MESH:D054556"},{"id":"A129","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"129","obj":"MESH:D020521"},{"id":"A130","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"130","obj":"MESH:D009203"},{"id":"A131","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"131","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A132","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"132","obj":"MESH:D055370"},{"id":"A133","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"133","obj":"MESH:D012131"},{"id":"A134","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"134","obj":"MESH:D007674"},{"id":"A135","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"135","obj":"MESH:D058186"},{"id":"A136","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"136","obj":"MESH:D007239"},{"id":"A137","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"137","obj":"MESH:D051436"},{"id":"A138","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"138","obj":"MESH:D012080"},{"id":"A139","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"139","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A140","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"140","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A141","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"141","obj":"MESH:D007239"},{"id":"A142","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"142","obj":"MESH:D007674"},{"id":"A143","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"143","obj":"MESH:C000657245"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"The Americas and Europe are the most affected continents in the world. In the United States of America (U.S.A.), 4,103,674 cases and over 146,000 deaths have been reported. In Europe, many outbreaks are steadily rising in Russia, Spain, UK and Italy, with over 200,000 overall deaths in the continent. However, in China the rate of new cases has progressively decreased substantially since March [3]. The pandemic has also had a severe economic impact. In fact, to help improve the clinical management of patients infected with the virus, Europe has mobilized more than 10 million euros from research funding and the United Kingdom has also invested £20,000,000 to allow for the development of a COVID-19 vaccine [5]. It has also been estimated that in the U.S.A., the health care costs for a single infected patient is over $3000, resulting in an overall predicted expenditure of $654.0 billion over the entire period of the pandemic [6,7].A flu-like syndrome of mild severity has been observed in most cases (80%) of COVID-19 [8,9], but in 20% of cases there have been other complications such as interstitial pneumonia with a variable degree of respiratory failure [10] as well as thromboembolic complications, including venous thromboembolism (VTE), ischemic stroke and acute coronary syndrome (ACS)/myocardial infarction [11]. Although the principal features associated with COVID-19 are diffuse alveolar damage and acute respiratory failure, kidney impairment has also often developed, with the frequent onset of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2. In addition, more than 20% of deceased patients were affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD) [11]. For this reason, the kidney’s role in COVID-19 needs to be investigated [8]. The aim of this review is to describe the main aspects of COVID-19 infection, namely the epidemiology and pathophysiology, together with prevention strategies and the contribution of kidney diseases to the prognosis of COVID-19 affected patients."}
2_test
{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"32759645-32169574-58096133","span":{"begin":714,"end":715},"obj":"32169574"},{"id":"32759645-32335410-58096134","span":{"begin":938,"end":939},"obj":"32335410"},{"id":"32759645-32007143-58096135","span":{"begin":1031,"end":1032},"obj":"32007143"},{"id":"32759645-32236465-58096136","span":{"begin":1169,"end":1171},"obj":"32236465"},{"id":"32759645-32312654-58096137","span":{"begin":1327,"end":1329},"obj":"32312654"},{"id":"32759645-32312654-58096138","span":{"begin":1676,"end":1678},"obj":"32312654"}],"text":"The Americas and Europe are the most affected continents in the world. In the United States of America (U.S.A.), 4,103,674 cases and over 146,000 deaths have been reported. In Europe, many outbreaks are steadily rising in Russia, Spain, UK and Italy, with over 200,000 overall deaths in the continent. However, in China the rate of new cases has progressively decreased substantially since March [3]. The pandemic has also had a severe economic impact. In fact, to help improve the clinical management of patients infected with the virus, Europe has mobilized more than 10 million euros from research funding and the United Kingdom has also invested £20,000,000 to allow for the development of a COVID-19 vaccine [5]. It has also been estimated that in the U.S.A., the health care costs for a single infected patient is over $3000, resulting in an overall predicted expenditure of $654.0 billion over the entire period of the pandemic [6,7].A flu-like syndrome of mild severity has been observed in most cases (80%) of COVID-19 [8,9], but in 20% of cases there have been other complications such as interstitial pneumonia with a variable degree of respiratory failure [10] as well as thromboembolic complications, including venous thromboembolism (VTE), ischemic stroke and acute coronary syndrome (ACS)/myocardial infarction [11]. Although the principal features associated with COVID-19 are diffuse alveolar damage and acute respiratory failure, kidney impairment has also often developed, with the frequent onset of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2. In addition, more than 20% of deceased patients were affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD) [11]. For this reason, the kidney’s role in COVID-19 needs to be investigated [8]. The aim of this review is to describe the main aspects of COVID-19 infection, namely the epidemiology and pathophysiology, together with prevention strategies and the contribution of kidney diseases to the prognosis of COVID-19 affected patients."}