PMC:7463108 / 5720-12289
Annnotations
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | fma_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T50043 | 71-93 | Body_part | denotes | central nervous system | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma55675 |
| T17352 | 95-98 | Body_part | denotes | CNS | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma55675 |
| T59163 | 1028-1031 | Body_part | denotes | DNA | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412 |
| T77573 | 1094-1099 | Body_part | denotes | brain | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma50801 |
| T11544 | 1289-1296 | Body_part | denotes | tissues | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9637 |
| T53542 | 1333-1338 | Body_part | denotes | brain | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma50801 |
| T32601 | 1409-1420 | Body_part | denotes | hippocampus | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma275020 |
| T1467 | 1446-1458 | Body_part | denotes | white matter | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma83929 |
| T78741 | 1653-1662 | Body_part | denotes | cytokines | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050 |
| T8526 | 1708-1712 | Body_part | denotes | IL-1 | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86583 |
| T98643 | 1872-1879 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
| T39647 | 2244-2247 | Body_part | denotes | HIV | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683 |
| T8863 | 2248-2255 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
| T53390 | 2532-2553 | Body_part | denotes | hippocampal formation | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74038 |
| T3876 | 2570-2589 | Body_part | denotes | Purkinje cell layer | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma83896 |
| T20293 | 2570-2583 | Body_part | denotes | Purkinje cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67969 |
| T85401 | 2579-2583 | Body_part | denotes | cell | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
| T76845 | 2737-2744 | Body_part | denotes | neurons | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma54527 |
| T87068 | 2849-2854 | Body_part | denotes | brain | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma50801 |
| T38234 | 2959-2972 | Body_part | denotes | basal ganglia | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84013 |
| T68160 | 3001-3018 | Body_part | denotes | prefrontal cortex | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma224850 |
| T55578 | 3044-3056 | Body_part | denotes | hypothalamus | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62008 |
| T64557 | 3352-3360 | Body_part | denotes | Glycogen | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82747 |
| T92926 | 3405-3413 | Body_part | denotes | antibody | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871 |
| T42648 | 3566-3581 | Body_part | denotes | locus coeruleus | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72478 |
| T92921 | 3591-3602 | Body_part | denotes | hippocampus | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma275020 |
| T12225 | 4017-4029 | Body_part | denotes | white matter | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma83929 |
| T62361 | 4045-4048 | Body_part | denotes | CNS | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma55675 |
| T70209 | 4334-4337 | Body_part | denotes | HIV | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683 |
| T54610 | 4354-4366 | Body_part | denotes | white matter | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma83929 |
| T92740 | 4423-4429 | Body_part | denotes | myelin | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62977 |
| T88403 | 4470-4473 | Body_part | denotes | CNS | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma55675 |
| T91823 | 4683-4692 | Body_part | denotes | astrocyte | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma54537 |
| T67325 | 4723-4732 | Body_part | denotes | cytokines | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050 |
| T63785 | 4742-4759 | Body_part | denotes | nucleus accumbens | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma61889 |
| T89876 | 4761-4764 | Body_part | denotes | NAc | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma61889 |
| T49116 | 5120-5130 | Body_part | denotes | astrocytes | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma54537 |
| T72974 | 5135-5144 | Body_part | denotes | microglia | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68923 |
| T35339 | 5775-5782 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
| T64263 | 5937-5940 | Body_part | denotes | HIV | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683 |
| T50792 | 6505-6508 | Body_part | denotes | HIV | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683 |
LitCovid-PD-UBERON
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | uberon_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T8 | 71-93 | Body_part | denotes | central nervous system | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001017 |
| T9 | 79-93 | Body_part | denotes | nervous system | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001016 |
| T10 | 95-98 | Body_part | denotes | CNS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001017 |
| T11 | 1094-1099 | Body_part | denotes | brain | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955 |
| T12 | 1333-1338 | Body_part | denotes | brain | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955 |
| T13 | 1446-1458 | Body_part | denotes | white matter | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002316 |
| T14 | 2532-2553 | Body_part | denotes | hippocampal formation | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002421 |
| T15 | 2579-2589 | Body_part | denotes | cell layer | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000119 |
| T16 | 2849-2854 | Body_part | denotes | brain | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955 |
| T17 | 3001-3018 | Body_part | denotes | prefrontal cortex | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000451 |
| T18 | 3012-3018 | Body_part | denotes | cortex | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001851 |
| T19 | 3044-3056 | Body_part | denotes | hypothalamus | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001898 |
| T20 | 4017-4029 | Body_part | denotes | white matter | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002316 |
| T21 | 4045-4048 | Body_part | denotes | CNS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001017 |
| T22 | 4354-4366 | Body_part | denotes | white matter | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002316 |
| T23 | 4423-4429 | Body_part | denotes | myelin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000345 |
| T24 | 4470-4473 | Body_part | denotes | CNS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001017 |
| T25 | 4742-4759 | Body_part | denotes | nucleus accumbens | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001882 |
| T26 | 4761-4764 | Body_part | denotes | NAc | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001882 |
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | mondo_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T10 | 23-35 | Disease | denotes | Opioid Abuse | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001225 |
| T11 | 51-63 | Disease | denotes | opioid abuse | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001225 |
| T12 | 292-310 | Disease | denotes | sleep disturbances | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0003406 |
| T13 | 1333-1344 | Disease | denotes | brain edema | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006684 |
| T14 | 1955-1958 | Disease | denotes | RNS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0009821|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0019105 |
| T16 | 2399-2422 | Disease | denotes | neurovascular disorders | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0043218 |
| T17 | 4136-4148 | Disease | denotes | inflammation | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021166 |
| T18 | 4881-4893 | Disease | denotes | inflammation | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021166 |
| T19 | 6435-6447 | Disease | denotes | opioid abuse | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001225 |
LitCovid-PD-CLO
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T46447 | 71-93 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001017 | denotes | central nervous system |
| T4426 | 71-93 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000302 | denotes | central nervous system |
| T16238 | 71-93 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000908 | denotes | central nervous system |
| T71114 | 95-98 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000302 | denotes | CNS |
| T75797 | 95-98 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000908 | denotes | CNS |
| T24892 | 95-98 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001017 | denotes | CNS |
| T31624 | 624-628 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001185 | denotes | 2018 |
| T67954 | 1094-1099 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955 | denotes | brain |
| T23415 | 1094-1099 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000302 | denotes | brain |
| T85547 | 1333-1338 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955 | denotes | brain |
| T35015 | 1333-1338 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000302 | denotes | brain |
| T89758 | 1812-1822 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | activation |
| T74178 | 2303-2307 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001185 | denotes | 2018 |
| T28968 | 2350-2351 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T341 | 2579-2589 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000119 | denotes | cell layer |
| T98752 | 2849-2854 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000955 | denotes | brain |
| T24863 | 2849-2854 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000302 | denotes | brain |
| T98993 | 3012-3018 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001851 | denotes | cortex |
| T84522 | 3072-3076 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001185 | denotes | 2018 |
| T33224 | 3401-3404 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9596 | denotes | pan |
| T8189 | 3953-3955 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050160 | denotes | T2 |
| T95684 | 4045-4048 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000302 | denotes | CNS |
| T53516 | 4045-4048 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000908 | denotes | CNS |
| T23483 | 4045-4048 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001017 | denotes | CNS |
| T99017 | 4244-4246 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001022 | denotes | Li |
| T26720 | 4244-4246 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007314 | denotes | Li |
| T98729 | 4289-4290 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T8555 | 4470-4473 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000302 | denotes | CNS |
| T18804 | 4470-4473 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000908 | denotes | CNS |
| T44390 | 4470-4473 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001017 | denotes | CNS |
| T44837 | 4540-4549 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 | denotes | signaling |
| T4348 | 4683-4692 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000127 | denotes | astrocyte |
| T86955 | 5120-5130 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000127 | denotes | astrocytes |
| T88392 | 5135-5144 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000129 | denotes | microglia |
| T3020 | 5331-5335 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001185 | denotes | 2018 |
| T61584 | 5546-5556 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | activation |
| T24766 | 5749-5750 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T10043 | 5913-5914 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T92174 | 6006-6007 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
| T57736 | 6293-6302 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 | denotes | signaling |
| T75304 | 6309-6310 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
| T58860 | 6532-6533 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
LitCovid-PD-CHEBI
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | chebi_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T17 | 1028-1031 | Chemical | denotes | DNA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991 |
| T18 | 1708-1710 | Chemical | denotes | IL | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072 |
| T20 | 1719-1731 | Chemical | denotes | nitric oxide | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16480 |
| T21 | 1726-1731 | Chemical | denotes | oxide | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25741|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29356 |
| T23 | 1826-1830 | Chemical | denotes | heme | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26355|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30413 |
| T25 | 1858-1861 | Chemical | denotes | GMP | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17345|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_58115 |
| T27 | 1872-1879 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
| T28 | 1928-1953 | Chemical | denotes | reactive nitrogen species | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_62764 |
| T29 | 1937-1945 | Chemical | denotes | nitrogen | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25555 |
| T30 | 1955-1958 | Chemical | denotes | RNS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33697|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_62764 |
| T32 | 1968-1981 | Chemical | denotes | peroxynitrite | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25941 |
| T33 | 2248-2255 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
| T34 | 2322-2328 | Chemical | denotes | heroin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27808 |
| T35 | 2602-2609 | Chemical | denotes | nucleus | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33252 |
| T36 | 3178-3181 | Chemical | denotes | tau | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36355 |
| T37 | 3352-3360 | Chemical | denotes | Glycogen | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28087 |
| T38 | 3913-3919 | Chemical | denotes | heroin | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27808 |
| T39 | 3953-3955 | Chemical | denotes | T2 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29298|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75710 |
| T41 | 4244-4246 | Chemical | denotes | Li | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30145 |
| T42 | 4742-4749 | Chemical | denotes | nucleus | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33252 |
| T43 | 4775-4783 | Chemical | denotes | morphine | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17303|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_58097 |
| T45 | 4900-4908 | Chemical | denotes | morphine | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17303|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_58097 |
| T47 | 5519-5527 | Chemical | denotes | morphine | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17303|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_58097 |
| T49 | 5775-5782 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
LitCovid-PubTator
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | tao:has_database_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 103 | 51-63 | Disease | denotes | opioid abuse | MESH:D009293 |
| 104 | 276-286 | Disease | denotes | drowsiness | MESH:D006970 |
| 105 | 292-310 | Disease | denotes | sleep disturbances | MESH:D012893 |
| 106 | 502-536 | Disease | denotes | cognitive and psychomotor deficits | MESH:D003072 |
| 107 | 692-696 | Disease | denotes | pain | MESH:D010146 |
| 108 | 724-736 | Disease | denotes | hyperalgesia | MESH:D006930 |
| 109 | 780-793 | Disease | denotes | hyperkatifeia | |
| 119 | 1701-1706 | Gene | denotes | TNF-α | Gene:7124 |
| 120 | 1708-1713 | Gene | denotes | IL-1β | Gene:3552 |
| 121 | 2244-2247 | Species | denotes | HIV | Tax:12721 |
| 122 | 1937-1945 | Chemical | denotes | nitrogen | MESH:D009584 |
| 123 | 1955-1958 | Chemical | denotes | RNS | MESH:D026361 |
| 124 | 1968-1981 | Chemical | denotes | peroxynitrite | MESH:D030421 |
| 125 | 1333-1344 | Disease | denotes | brain edema | MESH:D001929 |
| 126 | 1361-1373 | Disease | denotes | astrogliosis | |
| 127 | 1598-1605 | Disease | denotes | gliosis | MESH:D005911 |
| 143 | 3387-3395 | Gene | denotes | GSK-3α/β | Gene:2931 |
| 144 | 3476-3501 | Gene | denotes | cyclin-dependent kinase-5 | Gene:1020 |
| 145 | 3503-3508 | Gene | denotes | Cdk-5 | Gene:1020 |
| 146 | 3401-3404 | Gene | denotes | pan | Gene:51816 |
| 147 | 2322-2328 | Chemical | denotes | heroin | MESH:D003932 |
| 148 | 2329-2343 | Disease | denotes | overdose death | MESH:D062787 |
| 149 | 2399-2422 | Disease | denotes | neurovascular disorders | MESH:D013901 |
| 150 | 2424-2460 | Disease | denotes | hypoxic ischemic leukoencephalopathy | MESH:D056784 |
| 151 | 2482-2489 | Disease | denotes | atrophy | MESH:D001284 |
| 152 | 3044-3056 | Disease | denotes | hypothalamus | MESH:D007029 |
| 153 | 3094-3113 | Disease | denotes | leukoencephalopathy | MESH:D056784 |
| 154 | 3115-3122 | Disease | denotes | atrophy | MESH:D001284 |
| 155 | 3243-3255 | Disease | denotes | opiate abuse | MESH:D009293 |
| 156 | 3756-3767 | Disease | denotes | Alzheimer’s | MESH:D000544 |
| 157 | 3860-3880 | Disease | denotes | cognitive impairment | MESH:D003072 |
| 161 | 4334-4337 | Species | denotes | HIV | Tax:12721 |
| 162 | 3913-3919 | Chemical | denotes | heroin | MESH:D003932 |
| 163 | 4136-4148 | Disease | denotes | inflammation | MESH:D007249 |
| 175 | 5048-5051 | Gene | denotes | MOR | Gene:4988 |
| 176 | 5057-5060 | Gene | denotes | DOR | Gene:58476 |
| 177 | 5561-5581 | Gene | denotes | Toll-like receptor 4 | Gene:7099 |
| 178 | 5583-5587 | Gene | denotes | TLR4 | Gene:7099 |
| 179 | 5751-5784 | Gene | denotes | myeloid differentiation protein-2 | Gene:23643 |
| 180 | 6145-6149 | Gene | denotes | TLR4 | Gene:7099 |
| 181 | 5937-5940 | Species | denotes | HIV | Tax:12721 |
| 182 | 4775-4783 | Chemical | denotes | morphine | MESH:D009020 |
| 183 | 4900-4908 | Chemical | denotes | morphine | MESH:D009020 |
| 184 | 5519-5527 | Chemical | denotes | morphine | MESH:D009020 |
| 185 | 4875-4899 | Disease | denotes | glial inflammation block | MESH:D007249 |
| 188 | 6505-6508 | Species | denotes | HIV | Tax:12721 |
| 189 | 6435-6447 | Disease | denotes | opioid abuse | MESH:D009293 |
LitCovid-PD-GO-BP
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T14073 | 292-297 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0030431 | denotes | sleep |
| T32162 | 429-438 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050890 | denotes | cognition |
| T91677 | 1028-1043 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006306 | denotes | DNA methylation |
| T65053 | 1032-1043 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0032259 | denotes | methylation |
| T70233 | 1589-1605 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0150103 | denotes | reactive gliosis |
| T51458 | 2544-2553 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 | denotes | formation |
| T8927 | 3476-3482 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016538 | denotes | cyclin |
| T19813 | 4136-4148 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 | denotes | inflammation |
| T25593 | 4540-4549 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0023052 | denotes | signaling |
| T77592 | 4784-4812 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1990708 | denotes | conditioned place preference |
| T42576 | 4881-4893 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 | denotes | inflammation |
| T73341 | 4909-4937 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1990708 | denotes | conditioned place preference |
| T36640 | 6293-6302 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0023052 | denotes | signaling |
LitCovid-sentences
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T49 | 0-35 | Sentence | denotes | The Pathophysiology of Opioid Abuse |
| T50 | 36-131 | Sentence | denotes | The effects of opioid abuse on the central nervous system (CNS) have been extensively examined. |
| T51 | 132-389 | Sentence | denotes | Immediate effects of opioids result in decreased levels of consciousness, sedation (Collett 1998; Thompson 2000; Indelicato and Portenoy 2002), drowsiness, and sleep disturbances (Moore and Dimsdale 2002; Bourne and Mills 2004; Qureshi and Lee-Chiong 2004). |
| T52 | 390-485 | Sentence | denotes | While acute opioid exposure can impair cognition in healthy subjects (Lawlor 2002; Ersek et al. |
| T53 | 486-582 | Sentence | denotes | 2004), enduring cognitive and psychomotor deficits occur with chronic opioid use (Sjogren et al. |
| T54 | 583-602 | Sentence | denotes | 2000; Dublin et al. |
| T55 | 603-623 | Sentence | denotes | 2015; Roberts et al. |
| T56 | 624-644 | Sentence | denotes | 2018; Wollman et al. |
| T57 | 645-666 | Sentence | denotes | 2019; Serafini et al. |
| T58 | 667-878 | Sentence | denotes | 2020), including altered pain perception (opioid-induced hyperalgesia), dysregulated reward/saliency processing, hyperkatifeia, and epigenetic changes, which can persist years following abstinence (Ersche et al. |
| T59 | 879-898 | Sentence | denotes | 2006; Browne et al. |
| T60 | 899-905 | Sentence | denotes | 2020). |
| T61 | 906-1167 | Sentence | denotes | The behavioral changes seen with long-term opioid use are accompanied by lasting structural and epigenetic (e.g., altered DNA methylation and expression of non-coding RNAs) alterations in brain regions implicated in mood, reward, and motivation (Upadhyay et al. |
| T62 | 1168-1187 | Sentence | denotes | 2010; Dublin et al. |
| T63 | 1188-1256 | Sentence | denotes | 2015; Volkow and Morales 2015; Koob and Volkow 2016; Serafini et al. |
| T64 | 1257-1263 | Sentence | denotes | 2020). |
| T65 | 1264-1438 | Sentence | denotes | Up to 90% of post-mortem tissues sampled from opiate abusers display brain edema (Buttner 2011), astrogliosis and microgliosis especially in the hippocampus (Oehmichen et al. |
| T66 | 1439-1512 | Sentence | denotes | 1996), white matter, and subcortical regions at autopsy (Tomlinson et al. |
| T67 | 1513-1533 | Sentence | denotes | 1999; Anthony et al. |
| T68 | 1534-1554 | Sentence | denotes | 2005; Buttner et al. |
| T69 | 1555-1584 | Sentence | denotes | 2006; Buttner and Weis 2006). |
| T70 | 1585-1773 | Sentence | denotes | The reactive gliosis is accompanied by increases in proinflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) (Dyuizen and Lamash 2009). |
| T71 | 1774-2044 | Sentence | denotes | Opiates especially drive the enhanced activation of heme-oxygenase, NOS, and cyclic GMP-dependent-protein kinase (Liang and Clark 2004) and production of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) such as peroxynitrite (Salvemini 2009), and resultant nitrosative damage (Zou et al. |
| T72 | 2045-2051 | Sentence | denotes | 2011). |
| T73 | 2052-2133 | Sentence | denotes | Nitrosative damage is an important endpoint for opiate exposure (Pasternak et al. |
| T74 | 2134-2302 | Sentence | denotes | 1995; Liang and Clark 2004; Salvemini 2009) and key site of convergence for the oxidative stress accompanying HIV protein exposure (Hauser and Knapp 2014; McLane et al. |
| T75 | 2303-2309 | Sentence | denotes | 2018). |
| T76 | 2310-2640 | Sentence | denotes | For delayed heroin overdose death after a survival period of 5 h or more, studies report neurovascular disorders, hypoxic ischemic leukoencephalopathy, and region-specific atrophy with neuronal losses that can include the hippocampal formation, the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer and olivary nucleus (Protass 1971; Ginsberg et al. |
| T77 | 2641-2663 | Sentence | denotes | 1976; Gosztonyi et al. |
| T78 | 2664-2721 | Sentence | denotes | 1993), as well as other areas (Buttner 2011; Cadet et al. |
| T79 | 2722-2728 | Sentence | denotes | 2014). |
| T80 | 2729-2926 | Sentence | denotes | Loss of neurons and synaptic connections is supported by postmortem reports of smaller mean relative volumes in various brain regions in individuals with OUD, including cortical areas (Danos et al. |
| T81 | 2927-2947 | Sentence | denotes | 1998; Pezawas et al. |
| T82 | 2948-2987 | Sentence | denotes | 1998), the basal ganglia (Muller et al. |
| T83 | 2988-3032 | Sentence | denotes | 2015, 2019), prefrontal cortex (Cadet et al. |
| T84 | 3033-3071 | Sentence | denotes | 2014), and hypothalamus (Muller et al. |
| T85 | 3072-3078 | Sentence | denotes | 2018). |
| T86 | 3079-3136 | Sentence | denotes | Interestingly, leukoencephalopathy, atrophy (Cadet et al. |
| T87 | 3137-3303 | Sentence | denotes | 2014), and increased hyperphosphorylated tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles are reported with chronic opiate abuse compared to age-matched controls (Ramage et al. |
| T88 | 3304-3324 | Sentence | denotes | 2005; Anthony et al. |
| T89 | 3325-3344 | Sentence | denotes | 2010; Kovacs et al. |
| T90 | 3345-3351 | Sentence | denotes | 2015). |
| T91 | 3352-3665 | Sentence | denotes | Glycogen synthase kinase 3 α or β (GSK-3α/β; the pan antibody used in this study does not discern α from β isoforms) and/or cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (Cdk-5) are increased in the frontal and temporal cortices, the locus coeruleus, and the hippocampus, respectively, and correlate with microgliosis (Anthony et al. |
| T92 | 3666-3672 | Sentence | denotes | 2010). |
| T93 | 3673-3808 | Sentence | denotes | Further, more prolonged use increases the risk of accelerated age-related and even Alzheimer’s-like pathological changes (Ramage et al. |
| T94 | 3809-3829 | Sentence | denotes | 2005; Anthony et al. |
| T95 | 3830-3849 | Sentence | denotes | 2010; Kovacs et al. |
| T96 | 3850-3895 | Sentence | denotes | 2015) and cognitive impairment (Gruber et al. |
| T97 | 3896-3902 | Sentence | denotes | 2007). |
| T98 | 3903-4183 | Sentence | denotes | Moreover, heroin use is associated with symmetric T2 and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintense white matter lesions of the CNS using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which coincide with increased microgliosis and inflammation at the same sites (Upadhyay et al. |
| T99 | 4184-4201 | Sentence | denotes | 2010; Bora et al. |
| T100 | 4202-4218 | Sentence | denotes | 2012; Qiu et al. |
| T101 | 4219-4237 | Sentence | denotes | 2013; Alaee et al. |
| T102 | 4238-4253 | Sentence | denotes | 2014; Li et al. |
| T103 | 4254-4272 | Sentence | denotes | 2016; Shrot et al. |
| T104 | 4273-4279 | Sentence | denotes | 2017). |
| T105 | 4280-4483 | Sentence | denotes | Although a few studies have started to examine opiate-HIV interactions in white matter (see below), we predict that the interactive effects on myelin dysregulation will significantly worsen CNS outcomes. |
| T106 | 4484-4624 | Sentence | denotes | Preclinical studies indicate opioid-induced neuroimmune signaling alter the saliency of opioid reward and physical dependence (Narita et al. |
| T107 | 4625-4648 | Sentence | denotes | 2006; Hutchinson et al. |
| T108 | 4649-4661 | Sentence | denotes | 2008, 2009). |
| T109 | 4662-4827 | Sentence | denotes | Direct injections of astrocyte-conditioned medium containing cytokines into the nucleus accumbens (NAc) increase morphine conditioned place preference (Narita et al. |
| T110 | 4828-4834 | Sentence | denotes | 2006). |
| T111 | 4835-4996 | Sentence | denotes | Drugs reported to selectively attenuate glial inflammation block morphine conditioned place preference and attenuate symptoms of opioid withdrawal (Narita et al. |
| T112 | 4997-5020 | Sentence | denotes | 2006; Hutchinson et al. |
| T113 | 5021-5037 | Sentence | denotes | 2009; Liu et al. |
| T114 | 5038-5192 | Sentence | denotes | 2010). μ (MOR), δ (DOR), and κ (KOR) opioid receptors are expressed by subsets of astrocytes and microglia (Stiene-Martin and Hauser 1991; Eriksson et al. |
| T115 | 5193-5219 | Sentence | denotes | 1992; Stiene-Martin et al. |
| T116 | 5220-5240 | Sentence | denotes | 1993; Ruzicka et al. |
| T117 | 5241-5261 | Sentence | denotes | 1995; Gurwell et al. |
| T118 | 5262-5281 | Sentence | denotes | 1993; Hauser et al. |
| T119 | 5282-5310 | Sentence | denotes | 1996; Turchan-Cholewo et al. |
| T120 | 5311-5330 | Sentence | denotes | 2008; Maduna et al. |
| T121 | 5331-5494 | Sentence | denotes | 2018) and are involved in opioid tolerance and dependence to varying degrees (Kieffer and Gaveriaux-Ruff 2002; Berger and Whistler 2010; Morgan and Christie 2011). |
| T122 | 5495-5607 | Sentence | denotes | Despite some reports of morphine triggering immune activation via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) (Terashvili et al. |
| T123 | 5608-5631 | Sentence | denotes | 2008; Hutchinson et al. |
| T124 | 5632-5683 | Sentence | denotes | 2010; Coller and Hutchinson 2012; Hutchinson et al. |
| T125 | 5684-5705 | Sentence | denotes | 2012; Theberge et al. |
| T126 | 5706-5728 | Sentence | denotes | 2013; Lacagnina et al. |
| T127 | 5729-5810 | Sentence | denotes | 2017) by binding to a myeloid differentiation protein-2 intermediary (Wang et al. |
| T128 | 5811-6005 | Sentence | denotes | 2012), this is contrary to the typical actions of opiates, which by themselves (and in the absence of a priming event such as HIV co-exposure) tend to suppress immune function (Eisenstein 2019). |
| T129 | 6006-6160 | Sentence | denotes | A vast majority of the immune, antinociceptive, and other physiological effects of opioids are mediated by opioid receptors per se and not TLR4 (Hu et al. |
| T130 | 6161-6182 | Sentence | denotes | 2011; Fukagawa et al. |
| T131 | 6183-6203 | Sentence | denotes | 2013; Stevens et al. |
| T132 | 6204-6225 | Sentence | denotes | 2013; Mattioli et al. |
| T133 | 6226-6249 | Sentence | denotes | 2014; Eisenstein 2019). |
| T134 | 6250-6390 | Sentence | denotes | Overall, the findings indicate that immune signaling plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of OUD and associated physical dependence. |
| T135 | 6391-6569 | Sentence | denotes | How opioids effect neuroHIV, as well as how opioid abuse and dependence are altered by neuroHIV or whether opioid-HIV interactions result in a unique disease state are discussed. |
LitCovid-PD-HP
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | hp_id |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T4 | 276-286 | Phenotype | denotes | drowsiness | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002329 |
| T5 | 292-310 | Phenotype | denotes | sleep disturbances | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002360 |
| T6 | 692-696 | Phenotype | denotes | pain | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012531 |
| T7 | 724-736 | Phenotype | denotes | hyperalgesia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031005 |
| T8 | 910-928 | Phenotype | denotes | behavioral changes | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000708 |
| T9 | 1333-1344 | Phenotype | denotes | brain edema | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002181 |
| T10 | 1598-1605 | Phenotype | denotes | gliosis | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002171 |
| T11 | 2214-2230 | Phenotype | denotes | oxidative stress | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0025464 |
| T12 | 2441-2460 | Phenotype | denotes | leukoencephalopathy | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002352 |
| T13 | 2495-2510 | Phenotype | denotes | neuronal losses | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002529 |
| T14 | 3094-3113 | Phenotype | denotes | leukoencephalopathy | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002352 |
| T15 | 3193-3216 | Phenotype | denotes | neurofibrillary tangles | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002185 |
| T16 | 3860-3880 | Phenotype | denotes | cognitive impairment | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100543 |
2_test
| Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 32876803-9771273-62957828 | 224-228 | 9771273 | denotes | 1998 |
| 32876803-10937910-62957829 | 239-243 | 10937910 | denotes | 2000 |
| 32876803-11773191-62957830 | 269-273 | 11773191 | denotes | 2002 |
| 32876803-11863402-62957831 | 331-335 | 11863402 | denotes | 2002 |
| 32876803-15023109-62957832 | 354-358 | 15023109 | denotes | 2004 |
| 32876803-11920548-62957833 | 467-471 | 11920548 | denotes | 2002 |
| 32876803-15297954-62957834 | 486-490 | 15297954 | denotes | 2004 |
| 32876803-26289681-62957835 | 603-607 | 26289681 | denotes | 2015 |
| 32876803-30314567-62957836 | 624-628 | 30314567 | denotes | 2018 |
| 32876803-30359116-62957837 | 645-649 | 30359116 | denotes | 2019 |
| 32876803-31806085-62957838 | 667-671 | 31806085 | denotes | 2020 |
| 32876803-16160707-62957839 | 879-883 | 16160707 | denotes | 2006 |
| 32876803-31477236-62957840 | 899-903 | 31477236 | denotes | 2020 |
| 32876803-20558415-62957841 | 1168-1172 | 20558415 | denotes | 2010 |
| 32876803-26289681-62957842 | 1188-1192 | 26289681 | denotes | 2015 |
| 32876803-26276628-62957843 | 1213-1217 | 26276628 | denotes | 2015 |
| 32876803-27475769-62957844 | 1235-1239 | 27475769 | denotes | 2016 |
| 32876803-31806085-62957845 | 1257-1261 | 31806085 | denotes | 2020 |
| 32876803-20946118-62957846 | 1354-1358 | 20946118 | denotes | 2011 |
| 32876803-8781664-62957847 | 1439-1443 | 8781664 | denotes | 1996 |
| 32876803-10564526-62957848 | 1513-1517 | 10564526 | denotes | 1999 |
| 32876803-15885069-62957849 | 1534-1538 | 15885069 | denotes | 2005 |
| 32876803-25868590-62957850 | 1578-1582 | 25868590 | denotes | 2006 |
| 32876803-19038328-62957851 | 1767-1771 | 19038328 | denotes | 2009 |
| 32876803-15234476-62957852 | 1904-1908 | 15234476 | denotes | 2004 |
| 32876803-19017525-62957853 | 1993-1997 | 19017525 | denotes | 2009 |
| 32876803-8747755-62957854 | 2134-2138 | 8747755 | denotes | 1995 |
| 32876803-15234476-62957855 | 2156-2160 | 15234476 | denotes | 2004 |
| 32876803-19017525-62957856 | 2172-2176 | 19017525 | denotes | 2009 |
| 32876803-25175867-62957857 | 2283-2287 | 25175867 | denotes | 2014 |
| 32876803-29526406-62957858 | 2303-2307 | 29526406 | denotes | 2018 |
| 32876803-5559439-62957859 | 2619-2623 | 5559439 | denotes | 1971 |
| 32876803-1247396-62957860 | 2641-2645 | 1247396 | denotes | 1976 |
| 32876803-8300019-62957861 | 2664-2668 | 8300019 | denotes | 1993 |
| 32876803-20946118-62957862 | 2703-2707 | 20946118 | denotes | 2011 |
| 32876803-24292887-62957863 | 2722-2726 | 24292887 | denotes | 2014 |
| 32876803-9732207-62957864 | 2927-2931 | 9732207 | denotes | 1998 |
| 32876803-9849723-62957865 | 2948-2952 | 9849723 | denotes | 1998 |
| 32876803-26189034-62957866 | 2988-2992 | 26189034 | denotes | 2015 |
| 32876803-30173319-62957867 | 2994-2998 | 30173319 | denotes | 2019 |
| 32876803-24292887-62957868 | 3033-3037 | 24292887 | denotes | 2014 |
| 32876803-28534187-62957869 | 3072-3076 | 28534187 | denotes | 2018 |
| 32876803-24292887-62957870 | 3137-3141 | 24292887 | denotes | 2014 |
| 32876803-16008828-62957871 | 3304-3308 | 16008828 | denotes | 2005 |
| 32876803-21126996-62957872 | 3325-3329 | 21126996 | denotes | 2010 |
| 32876803-26254956-62957873 | 3345-3349 | 26254956 | denotes | 2015 |
| 32876803-21126996-62957874 | 3666-3670 | 21126996 | denotes | 2010 |
| 32876803-16008828-62957875 | 3809-3813 | 16008828 | denotes | 2005 |
| 32876803-21126996-62957876 | 3830-3834 | 21126996 | denotes | 2010 |
| 32876803-26254956-62957877 | 3850-3854 | 26254956 | denotes | 2015 |
| 32876803-17690984-62957878 | 3896-3900 | 17690984 | denotes | 2007 |
| 32876803-20558415-62957879 | 4184-4188 | 20558415 | denotes | 2010 |
| 32876803-21070508-62957880 | 4202-4206 | 21070508 | denotes | 2012 |
| 32876803-23650554-62957881 | 4219-4223 | 23650554 | denotes | 2013 |
| 32876803-25035700-62957882 | 4238-4242 | 25035700 | denotes | 2014 |
| 32876803-26794650-62957883 | 4254-4258 | 26794650 | denotes | 2016 |
| 32876803-28424016-62957884 | 4273-4277 | 28424016 | denotes | 2017 |
| 32876803-16407899-62957885 | 4625-4629 | 16407899 | denotes | 2006 |
| 32876803-18706994-62957886 | 4649-4653 | 18706994 | denotes | 2008 |
| 32876803-18938237-62957887 | 4655-4659 | 18938237 | denotes | 2009 |
| 32876803-16407899-62957888 | 4828-4832 | 16407899 | denotes | 2006 |
| 32876803-16407899-62957889 | 4997-5001 | 16407899 | denotes | 2006 |
| 32876803-18938237-62957890 | 5021-5025 | 18938237 | denotes | 2009 |
| 32876803-20519536-62957891 | 5038-5042 | 20519536 | denotes | 2010 |
| 32876803-1665190-62957892 | 5171-5175 | 1665190 | denotes | 1991 |
| 32876803-1318509-62957893 | 5193-5197 | 1318509 | denotes | 1992 |
| 32876803-8149585-62957894 | 5220-5224 | 8149585 | denotes | 1993 |
| 32876803-8930364-62957895 | 5262-5266 | 8930364 | denotes | 1993 |
| 32876803-30662412-62957896 | 5331-5335 | 30662412 | denotes | 2018 |
| 32876803-12015197-62957897 | 5436-5440 | 12015197 | denotes | 2002 |
| 32876803-20437553-62957898 | 5462-5466 | 20437553 | denotes | 2010 |
| 32876803-21434879-62957899 | 5488-5492 | 21434879 | denotes | 2011 |
| 32876803-18448094-62957900 | 5608-5612 | 18448094 | denotes | 2008 |
| 32876803-19679181-62957901 | 5632-5636 | 19679181 | denotes | 2010 |
| 32876803-22316499-62957902 | 5660-5664 | 22316499 | denotes | 2012 |
| 32876803-22895704-62957903 | 5684-5688 | 22895704 | denotes | 2012 |
| 32876803-27402494-62957904 | 5729-5733 | 27402494 | denotes | 2017 |
| 32876803-22474354-62957905 | 5811-5815 | 22474354 | denotes | 2012 |
| 32876803-31921165-62957906 | 5999-6003 | 31921165 | denotes | 2019 |
| 32876803-21850403-62957907 | 6161-6165 | 21850403 | denotes | 2011 |
| 32876803-22926420-62957908 | 6183-6187 | 22926420 | denotes | 2013 |
| 32876803-23083095-62957909 | 6204-6208 | 23083095 | denotes | 2013 |
| 32876803-24824631-62957910 | 6226-6230 | 24824631 | denotes | 2014 |
| 32876803-31921165-62957911 | 6243-6247 | 31921165 | denotes | 2019 |