PMC:7463108 / 43706-44254 JSONTXT

{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/7463108","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"7463108","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/7463108","text":"OR, DOR and KOR (Stiene-Martin and Hauser 1991; Eriksson et al. 1992; Ruzicka et al. 1995; Gurwell et al. 1996; Hauser et al. 1996; Peterson et al. 1998; Stiene-Martin et al. 1998, 2001), as well as endogenous opioid peptides (Vilijn et al. 1988; Shinoda et al. 1989; Spruce et al. 1990; Hauser et al. 1990; Low et al. 1992). It appears that the ‘early’ events triggering the release of proinflammatory cytokines (i.e., TNF-α and IL-1β) from astroglia can be mediated by HIV Tat exposure alone (El-Hage et al. 2005, 2006a, b, 2008a). 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