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PMC:7463108 / 1940-5718 JSONTXT

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LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T28385 1215-1218 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T75294 1239-1242 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T79522 1403-1406 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T9454 1629-1632 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T2 18-30 Disease denotes Opioid abuse http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001225
T3 1191-1207 Disease denotes immunodeficiency http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021094
T4 1762-1770 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T5 1915-1923 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T6 1951-1960 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T7 2053-2065 Disease denotes opioid abuse http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001225
T8 2093-2103 Disease denotes depression http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002050
T9 2425-2433 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T38360 59-62 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T32967 330-331 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T1467 730-731 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T26888 770-774 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001185 denotes 2018
T527 837-840 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000990 denotes CDC
T63036 918-921 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000990 denotes CDC
T6940 1039-1040 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T67342 1104-1109 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes Human
T90565 1185-1190 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T67865 1208-1213 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T82806 1414-1415 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T91511 1530-1531 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T54607 1804-1810 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009882 denotes Becker
T85246 2185-2191 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009882 denotes Becker
T25029 2373-2376 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T6401 2605-2608 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T10276 2881-2884 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000990 denotes CDC
T87813 3172-3175 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000990 denotes CDC
T15123 3249-3252 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T56574 3736-3739 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T16931 3747-3748 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T3 1136-1140 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T4 1224-1228 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T5 2342-2355 Chemical denotes buprenorphine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3216
T6 2848-2857 Chemical denotes methadone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_6807
T7 2932-2938 Chemical denotes heroin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27808
T8 3089-3097 Chemical denotes fentanyl http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_119915
T9 3196-3204 Chemical denotes fentanyl http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_119915
T10 3338-3346 Chemical denotes fentanyl http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_119915
T11 3397-3405 Chemical denotes morphine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17303|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_58097
T13 3483-3488 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T14 3641-3644 Chemical denotes DEA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_34478|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_85259
T16 3647-3655 Chemical denotes fentanyl http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_119915

LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
40 1320-1324 Gene denotes Nath Gene:80155
41 148-154 Species denotes people Tax:9606
42 1104-1109 Species denotes Human Tax:9606
43 1239-1242 Species denotes HIV Tax:12721
44 1403-1406 Species denotes HIV Tax:12721
45 1629-1632 Species denotes HIV Tax:12721
46 18-30 Disease denotes Opioid abuse MESH:D009293
47 526-531 Disease denotes death MESH:D003643
48 643-651 Disease denotes overdose MESH:D062787
49 660-666 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
50 899-907 Disease denotes overdose MESH:D062787
51 940-953 Disease denotes constant rise MESH:D014717
52 957-963 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
53 1191-1234 Disease denotes immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and drug abuse MESH:D019966
64 1915-1925 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
65 2342-2355 Chemical denotes buprenorphine MESH:D002047
66 1762-1770 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
67 1804-1810 Disease denotes Becker MESH:D009224
68 1951-1960 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
69 2041-2065 Disease denotes heightening opioid abuse MESH:D009293
70 2081-2103 Disease denotes respiratory depression MESH:D012131
71 2175-2183 Disease denotes overdose MESH:D062787
72 2185-2191 Disease denotes Becker MESH:D009224
73 2425-2433 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
85 2848-2857 Chemical denotes methadone MESH:D008691
86 2932-2938 Chemical denotes heroin MESH:D003932
87 3089-3097 Chemical denotes fentanyl MESH:D005283
88 3196-3204 Chemical denotes fentanyl MESH:D005283
89 3338-3346 Chemical denotes fentanyl MESH:D005283
90 3397-3405 Chemical denotes morphine MESH:D009020
91 3647-3655 Chemical denotes fentanyl MESH:D005283
92 2762-2777 Disease denotes overdose deaths MESH:D062787
93 2979-2994 Disease denotes overdose deaths MESH:D062787
94 3139-3148 Disease denotes mortality MESH:D003643
95 3519-3529 Disease denotes overdosing MESH:D062787

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T14 0-17 Sentence denotes The Opioid Crisis
T15 18-91 Sentence denotes Opioid abuse in the United States (U.S.) has reached catastrophic levels.
T16 92-247 Sentence denotes According to the latest World Drug Report, 53.4 million people worldwide used opioids in 2017, which is 56% higher than in the previous year (UNODC 2019a).
T17 248-406 Sentence denotes North America remains the region with the highest non-medical use of opioids with a staggering 4% of the population aged 15–64 using opioids (UNODC 2019a, c).
T18 407-611 Sentence denotes In 2017, the burden of opioid use in the U.S. had accounted for 42 million healthy years of life lost due to premature death and disability (Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation 2017; UNODC 2019a).
T19 612-769 Sentence denotes During 2017, there were 70,237 overdose related deaths, out of which 47,600 (67.8%) were caused by opioids, which was a 12% increase from 2016 (Scholl et al.
T20 770-789 Sentence denotes 2018; UNODC 2019c).
T21 790-928 Sentence denotes The Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that on average 130 Americans die from an opioid overdose each day (CDC 2017).
T22 929-991 Sentence denotes Due to the constant rise in deaths involving opioids, the U.S.
T23 992-1078 Sentence denotes Government declared the opioid crisis/epidemic a public health emergency in 2017 (U.S.
T24 1079-1125 Sentence denotes Department of Health and Human Services 2017).
T25 1126-1331 Sentence denotes Injection drug use increases the likelihood of contracting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and drug abuse and HIV have long been described as interrelated epidemics (Swan 1997; Leshner 1998; Nath et al.
T26 1332-1344 Sentence denotes 1999, 2002).
T27 1345-1484 Sentence denotes Despite this understanding, opioid use disorder (OUD) and HIV remain a huge public health concern (Strathdee and Beyrer 2015; Peters et al.
T28 1485-1491 Sentence denotes 2016).
T29 1492-1669 Sentence denotes In fact, the opioid crisis is seen as a major roadblock in several aspects of public health, including thwarting the goal of eliminating HIV within the next decade (Fauci et al.
T30 1670-1699 Sentence denotes 2019; Lerner and Fauci 2019).
T31 1700-1797 Sentence denotes OUD is also likely to exacerbate many negative aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic (Alexander et al.
T32 1798-1854 Sentence denotes 2020; Becker and Fiellin 2020; NIDA 2020; Wakeman et al.
T33 1855-1861 Sentence denotes 2020).
T34 1862-2224 Sentence denotes Not only are individuals with OUD more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 and liable to spread the infection, social-distancing practices create isolation, despair, and economic hardships, heightening opioid abuse (with inherent respiratory depression depending on the amount of tolerance developed) and the probability of overdose (Becker and Fiellin 2020; Wakeman et al.
T35 2225-2231 Sentence denotes 2020).
T36 2232-2481 Sentence denotes By virtue of its greater safety profile and decreased likelihood for abuse (Bell and Strang 2020), the use of buprenorphine via telemedicine has become advantageous for managing OUD during the COVID-19 pandemic (Leppla and Gross 2020; Samuels et al.
T37 2482-2542 Sentence denotes 2020) but presents new challenges (Khatri and Perrone 2020).
T38 2543-2653 Sentence denotes The current opioid crisis did not happen quickly; in fact, it has been described as occurring in three phases.
T39 2654-2749 Sentence denotes The first phase began in the late 1990s with an increase in the number of prescription opioids.
T40 2750-2874 Sentence denotes This led to overdose deaths that were attributable to natural and semi-synthetic opioids, such as methadone (Kolodyny et al.
T41 2875-2891 Sentence denotes 2015; CDC 2017).
T42 2892-2995 Sentence denotes The second phase began in 2010 in which heroin took the lead as the principal cause of overdose deaths.
T43 2996-3165 Sentence denotes The most recent, third wave, began in 2013 in which highly potent synthetic opioids, such as fentanyl and its analogs became the main cause of mortality (Kolodyny et al.
T44 3166-3182 Sentence denotes 2015; CDC 2017).
T45 3183-3306 Sentence denotes The entry of fentanyl and its analogs into the clandestine market has changed the dynamics of the opioid market in the U.S.
T46 3307-3530 Sentence denotes The synthetic opioids, such as fentanyl, are several orders of magnitude more potent than morphine, easily smuggled, and frequently and inconsistently mixed with lower quality drugs increasing the probability of overdosing.
T47 3531-3607 Sentence denotes According to the National Forensic Laboratory Information System of the U.S.
T48 3608-3778 Sentence denotes Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), fentanyl accounted for one-third of the illicit opioids seized in 2017 (UNODC 2019c) and has become a global problem (UNODC 2019b).

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T2 1191-1207 Phenotype denotes immunodeficiency http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002721
T3 2081-2103 Phenotype denotes respiratory depression http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002791

2_test

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
32876803-30605448-62957820 770-774 30605448 denotes 2018
32876803-12394784-62957821 1338-1342 12394784 denotes 2002
32876803-26106947-62957822 1465-1469 26106947 denotes 2015
32876803-27468059-62957823 1485-1489 27468059 denotes 2016
32876803-30730529-62957824 1670-1674 30730529 denotes 2019
32876803-31420089-62957825 2324-2328 31420089 denotes 2020
32876803-25581144-62957826 2875-2879 25581144 denotes 2015
32876803-25581144-62957827 3166-3170 25581144 denotes 2015