PMC:7461420 / 100695-108554 JSONTXT

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LitCovid_Glycan-Motif-Structure

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 4456-4463 https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G15021LG denotes glucose

LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T3 1644-1647 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T4 3968-3981 Body_part denotes cell membrane http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63841
T5 3968-3972 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T6 4456-4463 Body_part denotes glucose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82743
T7 4474-4481 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T499 41-45 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T500 284-294 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T501 455-463 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T502 839-847 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T503 2988-2996 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T504 3430-3434 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T505 3445-3449 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T506 3485-3494 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T507 3727-3731 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T508 4212-4216 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T509 4361-4365 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T510 4643-4647 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T511 4728-4736 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T512 5236-5240 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T513 6012-6016 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T514 6437-6445 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T515 6903-6911 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T516 7242-7246 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T8 61-64 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T9 119-120 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T10 157-169 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245 denotes Organization
T11 328-331 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T12 617-618 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T13 1171-1173 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053755 denotes ES
T14 1989-1991 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053755 denotes ES
T15 2160-2162 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053755 denotes ES
T16 3351-3359 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T17 3376-3381 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T18 3421-3428 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T19 3462-3463 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T20 3520-3525 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T21 3962-3967 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T22 3968-3972 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T23 3973-3981 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membrane
T24 3996-3997 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T25 4036-4044 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000018263 denotes peptides
T26 4161-4169 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000018263 denotes peptides
T27 4217-4225 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T28 4535-4536 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T29 4569-4576 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T30 4588-4591 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9397 denotes bat
T31 4620-4621 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T32 4754-4755 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T33 5385-5390 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T34 5472-5477 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T35 5599-5600 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T36 5688-5691 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T37 5841-5842 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T38 6086-6091 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456 denotes faced
T39 6135-6136 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T40 6237-6238 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T41 6264-6265 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T42 6296-6297 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T43 6349-6355 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes fields
T44 6377-6384 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100026 denotes organic
T45 6377-6384 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000468 denotes organic
T46 6406-6407 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T47 7077-7080 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T48 7295-7300 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes Human
T49 7534-7540 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes humans
T50 7732-7733 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T51 7798-7803 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T4254 640-648 Chemical denotes molecule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T84567 649-654 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T61129 753-762 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T52368 858-862 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T30319 973-982 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T52248 1106-1116 Chemical denotes antibiotic http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33281
T99529 1171-1173 Chemical denotes ES http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73509
T46766 1203-1217 Chemical denotes antiviral drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36044
T89019 1203-1212 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T87514 1213-1217 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T22694 1289-1303 Chemical denotes antiviral drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36044
T28163 1289-1298 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T56638 1299-1303 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T68788 1345-1349 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T80756 1446-1450 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T84162 1509-1513 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T62812 1573-1577 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T84275 1617-1626 Chemical denotes Lopinavir http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_31781
T99532 1627-1636 Chemical denotes ritonavir http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45409
T94485 1696-1705 Chemical denotes Celecoxib http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_41423
T63643 1724-1729 Chemical denotes NSAID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35475
T90267 1748-1759 Chemical denotes Chloroquine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638
T52784 1775-1779 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T20809 1862-1866 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T50574 1963-1967 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T46751 1989-1991 Chemical denotes ES http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73509
T28396 2034-2038 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T99112 2076-2086 Chemical denotes Colchicine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27882
T97639 2104-2126 Chemical denotes anti‐inflammatory drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35472
T76961 2122-2126 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T46010 2160-2162 Chemical denotes ES http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73509
T46946 2225-2247 Chemical denotes anti‐inflammatory drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35472
T69677 2243-2247 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T22203 2334-2356 Chemical denotes anti‐inflammatory drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35472
T77916 2352-2356 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T58884 2426-2430 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T70065 2472-2476 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T97662 2537-2551 Chemical denotes Angiotensin II http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2719
T36232 2549-2551 Chemical denotes II http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74067
T60201 2561-2571 Chemical denotes antagonist http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48706
T64176 2618-2627 Chemical denotes inhibitor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222
T11638 2694-2698 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T41579 2750-2759 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T93462 2835-2844 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T55784 3242-3252 Chemical denotes inhibitors http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222
T28876 3589-3599 Chemical denotes inhibitors http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222
T17256 3713-3723 Chemical denotes inhibitors http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222
T70556 4014-4024 Chemical denotes inhibitors http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222
T19135 4036-4044 Chemical denotes peptides http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16670
T9484 4064-4072 Chemical denotes molecule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T70157 4161-4169 Chemical denotes peptides http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16670
T35716 4271-4281 Chemical denotes inhibitors http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222
T72013 4456-4463 Chemical denotes glucose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17234|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_4167
T45533 4474-4481 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T50498 4486-4489 Chemical denotes GRP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_144473|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_80328
T38457 4718-4721 Chemical denotes GRP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_144473|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_80328
T61048 4877-4880 Chemical denotes GRP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_144473|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_80328
T84346 4987-4996 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T93444 5354-5370 Chemical denotes antiviral agents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T78395 5435-5440 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T73974 5581-5586 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T87781 5790-5795 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T79642 5889-5904 Chemical denotes antiviral drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36044
T585 5889-5898 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T58765 5899-5904 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T58934 5915-5922 Chemical denotes hydroxy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_43176
T10172 5923-5934 Chemical denotes chloroquine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638
T88397 5936-5947 Chemical denotes favipiravir http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_134722
T93300 5949-5958 Chemical denotes ribavirin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63580
T51965 5963-5973 Chemical denotes umifenovir http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_134730
T90880 6180-6184 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T20459 6190-6194 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T99263 6572-6588 Chemical denotes antihypertensive http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35674
T91249 6854-6870 Chemical denotes antihypertensive http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35674

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 3319-3323 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003968 denotes RdRP
T2 3834-3850 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral life cycle
T3 3973-3988 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061025 denotes membrane fusion
T4 5045-5062 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T5 5045-5062 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T6 7764-7780 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral life cycle

LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
3093 41-51 Species denotes SARS‐CoV‐2 Tax:2697049
3094 284-294 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
3095 455-463 Disease denotes COVID‐19 MESH:C000657245
3100 552-563 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
3101 593-596 Species denotes CoV Tax:11118
3102 839-847 Disease denotes COVID‐19 MESH:C000657245
3103 908-916 Disease denotes covid-19 MESH:C000657245
3107 1708-1713 Gene denotes COX‐2 Gene:4513
3108 1486-1496 Chemical denotes Remdesivir MESH:C000606551
3109 1617-1636 Chemical denotes Lopinavir/ritonavir MESH:C558899
3111 2988-2996 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
3122 3319-3323 Gene denotes RdRP Gene:43740578
3123 3536-3540 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
3124 3303-3307 Gene denotes Mpro Gene:8673700
3125 3376-3381 Species denotes human Tax:9606
3126 3392-3396 Species denotes CoVs Tax:11118
3127 3430-3438 Species denotes SARS‐CoV Tax:694009
3128 3445-3455 Species denotes SARS‐CoV‐2 Tax:2697049
3129 3520-3525 Species denotes human Tax:9606
3130 3727-3735 Species denotes SARS‐CoV Tax:694009
3131 3485-3494 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
3133 3938-3942 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
3147 4378-4382 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
3148 4486-4492 Gene denotes GRP‐78 Gene:3309
3149 4718-4724 Gene denotes GRP‐78 Gene:3309
3150 4877-4883 Gene denotes GRP‐78 Gene:3309
3151 4654-4655 Gene denotes S Gene:43740568
3152 4372-4373 Gene denotes S Gene:43740568
3153 4361-4371 Species denotes SARS‐CoV‐2 Tax:2697049
3154 4592-4596 Species denotes CoVs Tax:11118
3155 4601-4609 Species denotes MERS‐CoV Tax:1335626
3156 4643-4653 Species denotes SARS‐CoV‐2 Tax:2697049
3157 4737-4745 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
3158 4456-4463 Chemical denotes glucose MESH:D005947
3159 4728-4736 Disease denotes COVID‐19 MESH:C000657245
3165 5089-5093 Gene denotes Mpro Gene:8673700
3166 5414-5418 Gene denotes Mpro Gene:8673700
3167 5451-5455 Gene denotes Mpro Gene:8673700
3168 5301-5305 Species denotes CoVs Tax:11118
3169 5385-5390 Species denotes human Tax:9606
3176 6012-6022 Species denotes SARS‐CoV‐2 Tax:2697049
3177 5914-5934 Chemical denotes (hydroxy)chloroquine MESH:D006886
3178 5936-5947 Chemical denotes favipiravir MESH:C462182
3179 5949-5958 Chemical denotes ribavirin MESH:D012254
3180 5963-5973 Chemical denotes umifenovir MESH:C086979
3181 5645-5653 Disease denotes toxicity MESH:D064420
3186 6691-6699 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
3187 6912-6920 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
3188 6437-6445 Disease denotes COVID‐19 MESH:C000657245
3189 6903-6911 Disease denotes COVID‐19 MESH:C000657245
3196 7201-7212 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
3197 7295-7300 Species denotes Human Tax:9606
3198 7311-7315 Species denotes CoVs Tax:11118
3199 7534-7540 Species denotes humans Tax:9606
3200 7689-7693 Species denotes CoVs Tax:11118
3201 7798-7803 Species denotes human Tax:9606

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T889 0-36 Sentence denotes 6 Conclusions and future directions
T890 37-225 Sentence denotes The SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak has caused worldwide disruption and was recently declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) owing to its rapid spread and high fatality rate.
T891 226-322 Sentence denotes As there is no effective treatment to date, the number of infections continues to rise globally.
T892 323-464 Sentence denotes This has led numerous research groups around the world to prioritize the identification and development of new therapeutics against COVID‐19.
T893 465-633 Sentence denotes Although it is often considered the most promising method to prevent or contain future coronavirus outbreaks, an all‐round anti‐CoV vaccine is possibly a long way away.
T894 634-730 Sentence denotes Small molecule drugs have the potential to be effective, rapidly produced, and widely available.
T895 731-950 Sentence denotes Indeed, several small molecules have been investigated and advanced to clinical trials for the treatment of COVID‐19, selected drug candidates are indicated in Table 3 (https://covid-19.heigit.org/clinical_trials.html).
T896 951-1036 Sentence denotes Table 3 Selection of molecules investigated in ongoing clinical studies (July, 2020)
T897 1037-1080 Sentence denotes Name Structure Description Recent trials
T898 1081-1138 Sentence denotes Azithromycin Macrolide antibiotic IRCT20200428047228N2
T899 1139-1150 Sentence denotes NCT04405921
T900 1151-1173 Sentence denotes EUCTR2020‐001605‐23‐ES
T901 1174-1230 Sentence denotes Favipiravir Broad spectrum antiviral drug NCT04434248
T902 1231-1247 Sentence denotes ChiCTR2000033491
T903 1248-1259 Sentence denotes NCT04425460
T904 1260-1321 Sentence denotes Triazavirin Broad‐spectrum antiviral drug ChiCTR2000030001
T905 1322-1371 Sentence denotes Umifenovir Antiviral drug IRCT20200523047550N1
T906 1372-1393 Sentence denotes IRCT20151227025726N15
T907 1394-1414 Sentence denotes IRCT20200325046859N2
T908 1415-1468 Sentence denotes Baloxavir marboxil Antiviral drug ChiCTR2000029548
T909 1469-1485 Sentence denotes ChiCTR2000029544
T910 1486-1526 Sentence denotes Remdesivir Antiviral drug NCT04431453
T911 1527-1538 Sentence denotes NCT04409262
T912 1539-1550 Sentence denotes NCT04410354
T913 1551-1599 Sentence denotes Ribavirin Antiviral drug IRCT20200324046850N2
T914 1600-1616 Sentence denotes ChiCTR2000030922
T915 1617-1683 Sentence denotes Lopinavir/ritonavir Anti‐HIV combination medication NCT04403100
T916 1684-1695 Sentence denotes NCT04376814
T917 1696-1747 Sentence denotes Celecoxib COX‐2 selective NSAID ChiCTR2000031630
T918 1748-1803 Sentence denotes Chloroquine Antimalarial drug EUCTR2020‐001441‐39‐IT
T919 1804-1815 Sentence denotes NCT04447534
T920 1816-1827 Sentence denotes NCT04443270
T921 1828-1890 Sentence denotes Hydroxychloroquine Antimalarial drug EUCTR2020‐001558‐23‐IT
T922 1891-1913 Sentence denotes EUCTR2020‐001441‐39‐IT
T923 1914-1936 Sentence denotes EUCTR2020‐001501‐24‐IT
T924 1937-1991 Sentence denotes Mefloquine Antimalarial drug EUCTR2020‐001194‐69‐ES
T925 1992-2051 Sentence denotes Ivermectin Broad‐spectrum antiparasitic drug NCT04445311
T926 2052-2063 Sentence denotes NCT04435587
T927 2064-2075 Sentence denotes NCT04431466
T928 2076-2139 Sentence denotes Colchicine Broad‐spectrum anti‐inflammatory drug NCT04416334
T929 2140-2162 Sentence denotes EUCTR2020‐001841‐38‐ES
T930 2163-2183 Sentence denotes IRCT20190810044500N5
T931 2184-2270 Sentence denotes Corticosteroids (misc.) Broad‐spectrum anti‐inflammatory drug IRCT20151227025726N17
T932 2271-2282 Sentence denotes NCT04395105
T933 2283-2305 Sentence denotes IRCT20120215009014N354
T934 2306-2378 Sentence denotes Pirfenidone Antifibrotic, anti‐inflammatory drug IRCT20200314046764N1
T935 2379-2395 Sentence denotes ChiCTR2000031138
T936 2396-2448 Sentence denotes Tranilast Anti‐inflammatory drug ChiCTR2000030002
T937 2449-2489 Sentence denotes Selinexor Anticancer drug NCT04355676
T938 2490-2501 Sentence denotes NCT04349098
T939 2502-2524 Sentence denotes EUCTR2020‐001411‐25‐GB
T940 2525-2585 Sentence denotes Valsartan Angiotensin II receptor antagonist DRKS00021732
T941 2586-2597 Sentence denotes NCT04335786
T942 2598-2652 Sentence denotes Dipyridamole PDE3 inhibitor NCT04424901 NCT04391179
T943 2653-2722 Sentence denotes Vidoflumidus (IMU‐838) Investigational drug EUCTR2020‐001264‐28‐HU
T944 2723-2777 Sentence denotes Azvudine Investigational antiviral ChiCTR2000032769
T945 2778-2789 Sentence denotes NCT04425772
T946 2790-2806 Sentence denotes ChiCTR2000030487
T947 2807-2857 Sentence denotes EIDD‐2801 Investigational antiviral NCT04405570
T948 2858-2869 Sentence denotes NCT04405739
T949 2870-2881 Sentence denotes NCT04392219
T950 2882-2905 Sentence denotes John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
T951 2906-3030 Sentence denotes This article is being made freely available through PubMed Central as part of the COVID-19 public health emergency response.
T952 3031-3213 Sentence denotes It can be used for unrestricted research re-use and analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source, for the duration of the public health emergency.
T953 3214-3397 Sentence denotes As outlined in this review, inhibitors of important viral enzymes or structures, such as Mpro, PLpro, or RdRP have displayed encouraging activity against various human‐infecting CoVs.
T954 3398-3666 Sentence denotes Since, both contagious viruses, SARS‐CoV‐1 and SARS‐CoV‐2, have a similar mechanism of infection; and both share the same human receptor, ACE2, for viral entry, for example—already developed inhibitors against the former could potentially be used to combat the latter.
T955 3667-3811 Sentence denotes But despite the efficacy demonstrated by many inhibitors of SARS‐CoV‐1, no specific prophylactic or postexposure therapy is currently available.
T956 3812-3870 Sentence denotes The first step in the viral life cycle is the viral entry.
T957 3871-3995 Sentence denotes It represents an attractive intervention point by blocking the RBD‐ACE2 interaction or the virus‐cell membrane fusion event.
T958 3996-4148 Sentence denotes A large number of inhibitors, including peptides, antibodies, small‐molecule compounds, and natural products have been identified to hamper viral entry.
T959 4149-4330 Sentence denotes Some of the peptides and antibodies displayed substantial anti‐SARS activity and are therefore considered promising entry inhibitors with high potencies in the low micromolar range.
T960 4331-4451 Sentence denotes Despite the apparent match of SARS‐CoV‐2 S and ACE2, other possible viral entry receptors should not be left unexplored.
T961 4452-4693 Sentence denotes The glucose‐regulated protein 78 (GRP‐78, aka HSPA5), for instance, is employed as a coreceptor for entry by several viruses, including bat‐CoVs and MERS‐CoV, 260 and a study predicted that SARS‐CoV‐2 S might utilize this mechanism as well.
T962 4694-4775 Sentence denotes 261 Elevated levels of GRP‐78 in COVID‐19 patients suggest a supplementary link.
T963 4776-4913 Sentence denotes 262 Although as of yet unconfirmed, the development of therapeutics against additional targets like GRP‐78 should receive due attention.
T964 4914-5073 Sentence denotes Viral proteases are another very important target for the development of antiviral therapies, as they are directly involved in the viral replication processes.
T965 5074-5252 Sentence denotes Especially the Mpro is one of the best‐characterized viral targets, and numerous medicinal chemistry efforts have been already reported for the past outbreaks of SARS‐1 and MERS.
T966 5253-5371 Sentence denotes Main proteases are highly conserved among other CoVs, which allows the development of broad spectral antiviral agents.
T967 5372-5428 Sentence denotes Moreover, no human protease analog to the Mpro is known.
T968 5429-5497 Sentence denotes Thus, drugs targeting Mpro could be highly virus‐selective and safe.
T969 5498-5670 Sentence denotes In light of the urgency of the current outbreak, repositioning of already approved drugs is becoming a popular approach due to the availability of toxicity and safety data.
T970 5671-5763 Sentence denotes Drug repurposing has become fashionable, promising quick solutions to complicated questions.
T971 5764-5825 Sentence denotes Old and, presumably, safe drugs are proclaimed miracle cures.
T972 5826-5857 Sentence denotes The reality is a different one:
T973 5858-6070 Sentence denotes Widely employed broad‐spectrum antiviral drugs, such as (hydroxy)chloroquine, favipiravir, ribavirin, or umifenovir were reported to be effective against SARS‐CoV‐2, but could not convince in clinical trials yet.
T974 6071-6185 Sentence denotes Clinicians are faced with an avalanche of contraindications and a myriad of case reports to choose the right drug.
T975 6186-6271 Sentence denotes The drug repositioning strategy is, therefore, not a sound scientific path to a cure.
T976 6272-6405 Sentence denotes At best, it can provide a basis for extensive future research in all related fields, including synthetic organic medicinal chemistry.
T977 6406-6506 Sentence denotes A new problem with the current COVID‐19 outbreak is related to the spread of scientific information.
T978 6507-6700 Sentence denotes When initial unfounded speculations about the alleged dangers of antihypertensive therapies with ACEis and ARBs were widely publicized in the media they caused great uncertainty among patients.
T979 6701-6810 Sentence denotes Impetuous communications such as these can have serious consequences and should not be proclaimed carelessly.
T980 6811-6946 Sentence denotes As it turns out, the benefits of continued antihypertensive therapy with these medicines in COVID‐19 patients far outweigh their risks.
T981 6947-7104 Sentence denotes There is even evidence of additional protective effects of ACEis and ARBs in this cohort, although the clinical relevance of this has yet to be investigated.
T982 7105-7294 Sentence denotes It is clear that governments and societies all over the world have been surprised by the recent coronavirus outbreak—as they were by the SARS outbreak in 2003 and the MERS epidemic in 2013.
T983 7295-7383 Sentence denotes Human‐infecting CoVs are on the rise, but quickly forgotten once life returns to normal.
T984 7384-7469 Sentence denotes However, this problem will not disappear by itself, but likely increase in intensity.
T985 7470-7576 Sentence denotes Viral spillover events are expected to increase in frequency as humans continue to invade new territories.
T986 7577-7721 Sentence denotes We hope that, this time, the world will heed nature's warning to finance and conduct groundbreaking research on CoVs and their disease patterns.
T987 7722-7859 Sentence denotes Only with a profound understanding of the viral life cycle and the affected human physiology we can prevent and control future outbreaks.