PMC:7454258 / 31823-33460 JSONTXT

{"target":"https://pubannotation.org/docs/sourcedb/PMC/sourceid/7454258","sourcedb":"PMC","sourceid":"7454258","source_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/7454258","text":"The economic costs of nutrition-related diseases are staggering and ever rising. As a share of our economy, total US health care expenditures have nearly tripled since 1970, from 6.9% to 17.9% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (48, 49). These increases are harming government budgets, competitiveness of US businesses, workers’ wages, and livelihoods of families. Federal health care spending has increased from 5% of the total federal budget in 1970 to 28% in 2018, reducing available funds for other priorities. Similarly, average state government spending on health care has increased from 11.3% of state budgets in 1989 to 28.7% in 2016. For US businesses, health care expenditures have increased 15-fold in 50 y, from $79 billion in 1970 to $1180 billion in 2017 (in constant 2017 dollars) (49). Over this same period, annual per capita health care spending in the US has increased from $1797 to $10,739 (in constant 2017 dollars) (49). And, ∼85% of total US health care expenditures are related to management of diet-related chronic diseases (50). For example, the total direct health care and indirect economic costs of cardiovascular diseases are estimated at $316 billion/y; of diabetes, at $327 billion/y; and of all obesity-related conditions, at $1.72 trillion/y (51, 52). These economic costs exceed the annual budget appropriations of most federal departments and agencies, such as (for fiscal year 2020) the budgets of the USDA ($150 billion) (53), DoE ($72 billion) (54), DHS ($51 billion) (55), DoJ ($33 billion) (56), NIH ($42 billion) (57), CDC ($12.7 billion) (58), EPA ($9.5 billion) (59), and FDA ($5.9 billion) 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