PMC:7441788 / 8488-9599 JSONTXT

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T36","span":{"begin":336,"end":343},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T37","span":{"begin":382,"end":393},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T38","span":{"begin":561,"end":564},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T39","span":{"begin":638,"end":642},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T40","span":{"begin":693,"end":702},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T41","span":{"begin":742,"end":747},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T42","span":{"begin":754,"end":759},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T43","span":{"begin":923,"end":930},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T44","span":{"begin":939,"end":942},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T45","span":{"begin":947,"end":979},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T46","span":{"begin":1063,"end":1065},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T47","span":{"begin":1067,"end":1078},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A36","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T36","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257"},{"id":"A37","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T37","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82816"},{"id":"A38","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T38","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84079"},{"id":"A39","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T39","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A40","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T40","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050"},{"id":"A41","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T41","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A42","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T42","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A43","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T43","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257"},{"id":"A44","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T44","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84079"},{"id":"A45","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T45","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84079"},{"id":"A46","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T46","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86578"},{"id":"A47","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T47","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86578"}],"text":"Figure 1. Schematic representation of the possible mechanisms of CQ/HCQ against CoVs replication and modulating immune response. CQ/HCQ may synergistically exert antiviral and immunomodulatory effects on COVID-19 through multiple mechanisms including hindering the receptor recognition process by influencing the affinity of ACE2 and S protein, and the affinity for sialic acid and ganglioside; inhibiting the membrane fusion process by suppressing endolysosome acidification; suppressing the p38 activation and affecting host defense machinery, and preventing MHC class II expression (block expression of CD154 on the surface of CD4 + T cell) and TLR signaling and reducing the production of cytokines through inhibiting the activation of T cells and B cells.\nACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CQ, chloroquine; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; CoVs, coronaviruses; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MHC-II, major histocompatibility complex class II; TLR, toll-like receptor; cGAS, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T68","span":{"begin":204,"end":212},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T69","span":{"begin":800,"end":808},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T70","span":{"begin":810,"end":834},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T71","span":{"begin":1087,"end":1092},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A68","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T68","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A69","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T69","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A70","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T70","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A71","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T71","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005070"}],"text":"Figure 1. Schematic representation of the possible mechanisms of CQ/HCQ against CoVs replication and modulating immune response. CQ/HCQ may synergistically exert antiviral and immunomodulatory effects on COVID-19 through multiple mechanisms including hindering the receptor recognition process by influencing the affinity of ACE2 and S protein, and the affinity for sialic acid and ganglioside; inhibiting the membrane fusion process by suppressing endolysosome acidification; suppressing the p38 activation and affecting host defense machinery, and preventing MHC class II expression (block expression of CD154 on the surface of CD4 + T cell) and TLR signaling and reducing the production of cytokines through inhibiting the activation of T cells and B cells.\nACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CQ, chloroquine; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; CoVs, coronaviruses; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MHC-II, major histocompatibility complex class II; TLR, toll-like receptor; cGAS, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T88","span":{"begin":410,"end":418},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158"},{"id":"T89","span":{"begin":497,"end":507},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T90","span":{"begin":630,"end":633},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001004"},{"id":"T91","span":{"begin":636,"end":642},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000084"},{"id":"T92","span":{"begin":652,"end":661},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418"},{"id":"T93","span":{"begin":726,"end":736},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"},{"id":"T94","span":{"begin":740,"end":747},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000084"},{"id":"T95","span":{"begin":752,"end":759},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000236"},{"id":"T96","span":{"begin":913,"end":922},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658"}],"text":"Figure 1. Schematic representation of the possible mechanisms of CQ/HCQ against CoVs replication and modulating immune response. CQ/HCQ may synergistically exert antiviral and immunomodulatory effects on COVID-19 through multiple mechanisms including hindering the receptor recognition process by influencing the affinity of ACE2 and S protein, and the affinity for sialic acid and ganglioside; inhibiting the membrane fusion process by suppressing endolysosome acidification; suppressing the p38 activation and affecting host defense machinery, and preventing MHC class II expression (block expression of CD154 on the surface of CD4 + T cell) and TLR signaling and reducing the production of cytokines through inhibiting the activation of T cells and B cells.\nACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CQ, chloroquine; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; CoVs, coronaviruses; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MHC-II, major histocompatibility complex class II; TLR, toll-like receptor; cGAS, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T94","span":{"begin":65,"end":67},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T95","span":{"begin":129,"end":131},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T96","span":{"begin":162,"end":171},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T97","span":{"begin":336,"end":343},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T98","span":{"begin":366,"end":377},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T99","span":{"begin":373,"end":377},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T100","span":{"begin":382,"end":393},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T101","span":{"begin":571,"end":573},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T102","span":{"begin":767,"end":778},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T103","span":{"begin":836,"end":838},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T104","span":{"begin":840,"end":851},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T105","span":{"begin":858,"end":876},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T106","span":{"begin":905,"end":912},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T107","span":{"begin":923,"end":930},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T108","span":{"begin":943,"end":945},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T109","span":{"begin":986,"end":988},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T110","span":{"begin":1021,"end":1035},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T111","span":{"begin":1028,"end":1031},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T113","span":{"begin":1032,"end":1035},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T116","span":{"begin":1051,"end":1061},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T117","span":{"begin":1063,"end":1065},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A94","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T94","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A95","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T95","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A96","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T96","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587"},{"id":"A97","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T97","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080"},{"id":"A98","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T98","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26667"},{"id":"A99","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T99","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527"},{"id":"A100","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T100","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28892"},{"id":"A101","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T101","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74067"},{"id":"A102","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T102","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48433"},{"id":"A103","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T103","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A104","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T104","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A105","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T105","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5801"},{"id":"A106","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T106","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52290"},{"id":"A107","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T107","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080"},{"id":"A108","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T108","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74067"},{"id":"A109","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T109","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74067"},{"id":"A110","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T110","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_71580"},{"id":"A111","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T111","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17345"},{"id":"A112","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T111","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_58115"},{"id":"A113","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T113","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16027"},{"id":"A114","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T113","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28971"},{"id":"A115","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T113","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_456215"},{"id":"A116","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T116","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52999"},{"id":"A117","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T117","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895"},{"id":"A118","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T117","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072"}],"text":"Figure 1. Schematic representation of the possible mechanisms of CQ/HCQ against CoVs replication and modulating immune response. CQ/HCQ may synergistically exert antiviral and immunomodulatory effects on COVID-19 through multiple mechanisms including hindering the receptor recognition process by influencing the affinity of ACE2 and S protein, and the affinity for sialic acid and ganglioside; inhibiting the membrane fusion process by suppressing endolysosome acidification; suppressing the p38 activation and affecting host defense machinery, and preventing MHC class II expression (block expression of CD154 on the surface of CD4 + T cell) and TLR signaling and reducing the production of cytokines through inhibiting the activation of T cells and B cells.\nACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CQ, chloroquine; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; CoVs, coronaviruses; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MHC-II, major histocompatibility complex class II; TLR, toll-like receptor; cGAS, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sample-MedDRA","denotations":[{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":767,"end":796},"obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDDRA/10022891"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A6","pred":"meddra_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDDRA/10050289"}],"text":"Figure 1. Schematic representation of the possible mechanisms of CQ/HCQ against CoVs replication and modulating immune response. CQ/HCQ may synergistically exert antiviral and immunomodulatory effects on COVID-19 through multiple mechanisms including hindering the receptor recognition process by influencing the affinity of ACE2 and S protein, and the affinity for sialic acid and ganglioside; inhibiting the membrane fusion process by suppressing endolysosome acidification; suppressing the p38 activation and affecting host defense machinery, and preventing MHC class II expression (block expression of CD154 on the surface of CD4 + T cell) and TLR signaling and reducing the production of cytokines through inhibiting the activation of T cells and B cells.\nACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CQ, chloroquine; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; CoVs, coronaviruses; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MHC-II, major histocompatibility complex class II; TLR, toll-like receptor; cGAS, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sample-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T67","span":{"begin":65,"end":67},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T68","span":{"begin":129,"end":131},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T69","span":{"begin":336,"end":343},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T70","span":{"begin":366,"end":377},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T71","span":{"begin":382,"end":393},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T72","span":{"begin":767,"end":778},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T73","span":{"begin":836,"end":838},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T74","span":{"begin":840,"end":851},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T75","span":{"begin":858,"end":876},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T76","span":{"begin":923,"end":930},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T77","span":{"begin":1021,"end":1035},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A77","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T77","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_71580"},{"id":"A76","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T76","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080"},{"id":"A72","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T72","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48433"},{"id":"A74","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T74","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A69","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T69","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080"},{"id":"A75","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T75","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5801"},{"id":"A71","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T71","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28892"},{"id":"A67","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T67","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A70","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T70","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26667"},{"id":"A73","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T73","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"},{"id":"A68","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T68","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638"}],"text":"Figure 1. Schematic representation of the possible mechanisms of CQ/HCQ against CoVs replication and modulating immune response. CQ/HCQ may synergistically exert antiviral and immunomodulatory effects on COVID-19 through multiple mechanisms including hindering the receptor recognition process by influencing the affinity of ACE2 and S protein, and the affinity for sialic acid and ganglioside; inhibiting the membrane fusion process by suppressing endolysosome acidification; suppressing the p38 activation and affecting host defense machinery, and preventing MHC class II expression (block expression of CD154 on the surface of CD4 + T cell) and TLR signaling and reducing the production of cytokines through inhibiting the activation of T cells and B cells.\nACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CQ, chloroquine; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; CoVs, coronaviruses; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MHC-II, major histocompatibility complex class II; TLR, toll-like receptor; cGAS, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sample-PD-NCBITaxon","denotations":[{"id":"T72","span":{"begin":204,"end":212},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T73","span":{"begin":800,"end":808},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"T74","span":{"begin":810,"end":834},"obj":"Species"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A73","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T73","obj":"NCBItxid:2697049"},{"id":"A74","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T74","obj":"NCBItxid:2697049"},{"id":"A72","pred":"ncbi_taxonomy_id","subj":"T72","obj":"NCBItxid:2697049"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"NCBItxid","uri":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/NCBITAXON/"}],"text":"Figure 1. Schematic representation of the possible mechanisms of CQ/HCQ against CoVs replication and modulating immune response. CQ/HCQ may synergistically exert antiviral and immunomodulatory effects on COVID-19 through multiple mechanisms including hindering the receptor recognition process by influencing the affinity of ACE2 and S protein, and the affinity for sialic acid and ganglioside; inhibiting the membrane fusion process by suppressing endolysosome acidification; suppressing the p38 activation and affecting host defense machinery, and preventing MHC class II expression (block expression of CD154 on the surface of CD4 + T cell) and TLR signaling and reducing the production of cytokines through inhibiting the activation of T cells and B cells.\nACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CQ, chloroquine; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; CoVs, coronaviruses; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MHC-II, major histocompatibility complex class II; TLR, toll-like receptor; cGAS, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sample-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T68","span":{"begin":0,"end":9},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T69","span":{"begin":10,"end":128},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T70","span":{"begin":129,"end":760},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T71","span":{"begin":761,"end":1111},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"Figure 1. Schematic representation of the possible mechanisms of CQ/HCQ against CoVs replication and modulating immune response. CQ/HCQ may synergistically exert antiviral and immunomodulatory effects on COVID-19 through multiple mechanisms including hindering the receptor recognition process by influencing the affinity of ACE2 and S protein, and the affinity for sialic acid and ganglioside; inhibiting the membrane fusion process by suppressing endolysosome acidification; suppressing the p38 activation and affecting host defense machinery, and preventing MHC class II expression (block expression of CD154 on the surface of CD4 + T cell) and TLR signaling and reducing the production of cytokines through inhibiting the activation of T cells and B cells.\nACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CQ, chloroquine; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; CoVs, coronaviruses; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MHC-II, major histocompatibility complex class II; TLR, toll-like receptor; cGAS, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sample-Pubtator","denotations":[{"id":"322","span":{"begin":325,"end":329},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"323","span":{"begin":493,"end":496},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"324","span":{"begin":606,"end":611},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"325","span":{"begin":630,"end":633},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"326","span":{"begin":80,"end":84},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"327","span":{"begin":65,"end":67},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"328","span":{"begin":68,"end":71},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"329","span":{"begin":204,"end":212},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A326","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"326","obj":"Tax:11118"},{"id":"A323","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"323","obj":"Gene:1432"},{"id":"A324","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"324","obj":"Gene:959"},{"id":"A327","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"327","obj":"MESH:D002738"},{"id":"A328","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"328","obj":"MESH:D006886"},{"id":"A322","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"322","obj":"Gene:59272"},{"id":"A325","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"325","obj":"Gene:920"},{"id":"A329","pred":"pubann:denotes","subj":"329","obj":"MESH:C000657245"}],"text":"Figure 1. Schematic representation of the possible mechanisms of CQ/HCQ against CoVs replication and modulating immune response. CQ/HCQ may synergistically exert antiviral and immunomodulatory effects on COVID-19 through multiple mechanisms including hindering the receptor recognition process by influencing the affinity of ACE2 and S protein, and the affinity for sialic acid and ganglioside; inhibiting the membrane fusion process by suppressing endolysosome acidification; suppressing the p38 activation and affecting host defense machinery, and preventing MHC class II expression (block expression of CD154 on the surface of CD4 + T cell) and TLR signaling and reducing the production of cytokines through inhibiting the activation of T cells and B cells.\nACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CQ, chloroquine; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; CoVs, coronaviruses; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MHC-II, major histocompatibility complex class II; TLR, toll-like receptor; cGAS, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α."}

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1. Schematic representation of the possible mechanisms of CQ/HCQ against CoVs replication and modulating immune response. CQ/HCQ may synergistically exert antiviral and immunomodulatory effects on COVID-19 through multiple mechanisms including hindering the receptor recognition process by influencing the affinity of ACE2 and S protein, and the affinity for sialic acid and ganglioside; inhibiting the membrane fusion process by suppressing endolysosome acidification; suppressing the p38 activation and affecting host defense machinery, and preventing MHC class II expression (block expression of CD154 on the surface of CD4 + T cell) and TLR signaling and reducing the production of cytokines through inhibiting the activation of T cells and B cells.\nACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CQ, chloroquine; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; CoVs, coronaviruses; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MHC-II, major histocompatibility complex class II; TLR, toll-like receptor; cGAS, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sample-PD-IDO","denotations":[{"id":"T68","span":{"begin":85,"end":96},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IDO_0000608"},{"id":"T69","span":{"begin":112,"end":127},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955"},{"id":"T70","span":{"begin":162,"end":171},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IDO_0000559"},{"id":"T71","span":{"begin":522,"end":526},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IDO_0000531"},{"id":"T72","span":{"begin":638,"end":642},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000000"},{"id":"T73","span":{"begin":679,"end":689},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IDO_0000607"},{"id":"T74","span":{"begin":742,"end":747},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000000"},{"id":"T75","span":{"begin":754,"end":759},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000000"},{"id":"T76","span":{"begin":822,"end":829},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000031"}],"text":"Figure 1. Schematic representation of the possible mechanisms of CQ/HCQ against CoVs replication and modulating immune response. CQ/HCQ may synergistically exert antiviral and immunomodulatory effects on COVID-19 through multiple mechanisms including hindering the receptor recognition process by influencing the affinity of ACE2 and S protein, and the affinity for sialic acid and ganglioside; inhibiting the membrane fusion process by suppressing endolysosome acidification; suppressing the p38 activation and affecting host defense machinery, and preventing MHC class II expression (block expression of CD154 on the surface of CD4 + T cell) and TLR signaling and reducing the production of cytokines through inhibiting the activation of T cells and B cells.\nACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CQ, chloroquine; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; CoVs, coronaviruses; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MHC-II, major histocompatibility complex class II; TLR, toll-like receptor; cGAS, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sample-PD-FMA","denotations":[{"id":"T36","span":{"begin":336,"end":343},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T37","span":{"begin":382,"end":393},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T38","span":{"begin":561,"end":564},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T39","span":{"begin":638,"end":642},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T40","span":{"begin":693,"end":702},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T41","span":{"begin":742,"end":747},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T42","span":{"begin":754,"end":759},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T43","span":{"begin":923,"end":930},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T44","span":{"begin":939,"end":942},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T45","span":{"begin":947,"end":979},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T46","span":{"begin":1063,"end":1065},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T47","span":{"begin":1067,"end":1078},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A41","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T41","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A40","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T40","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050"},{"id":"A38","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T38","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84079"},{"id":"A44","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T44","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84079"},{"id":"A46","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T46","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86578"},{"id":"A45","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T45","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84079"},{"id":"A36","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T36","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257"},{"id":"A42","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T42","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A47","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T47","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86578"},{"id":"A43","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T43","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257"},{"id":"A39","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T39","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A37","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T37","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82816"}],"text":"Figure 1. Schematic representation of the possible mechanisms of CQ/HCQ against CoVs replication and modulating immune response. CQ/HCQ may synergistically exert antiviral and immunomodulatory effects on COVID-19 through multiple mechanisms including hindering the receptor recognition process by influencing the affinity of ACE2 and S protein, and the affinity for sialic acid and ganglioside; inhibiting the membrane fusion process by suppressing endolysosome acidification; suppressing the p38 activation and affecting host defense machinery, and preventing MHC class II expression (block expression of CD154 on the surface of CD4 + T cell) and TLR signaling and reducing the production of cytokines through inhibiting the activation of T cells and B cells.\nACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CQ, chloroquine; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; CoVs, coronaviruses; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MHC-II, major histocompatibility complex class II; TLR, toll-like receptor; cGAS, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sample-PD-GO-BP-0","denotations":[{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":112,"end":127},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":410,"end":425},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061025"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":462,"end":475},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045851"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":493,"end":496},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004707"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":561,"end":564},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046776"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":652,"end":661},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0023052"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":899,"end":903},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004707"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":939,"end":942},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046776"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":947,"end":979},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046776"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":1093,"end":1101},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001906"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":1093,"end":1101},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008219"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":1093,"end":1101},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019835"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":1093,"end":1101},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070265"}],"text":"Figure 1. Schematic representation of the possible mechanisms of CQ/HCQ against CoVs replication and modulating immune response. CQ/HCQ may synergistically exert antiviral and immunomodulatory effects on COVID-19 through multiple mechanisms including hindering the receptor recognition process by influencing the affinity of ACE2 and S protein, and the affinity for sialic acid and ganglioside; inhibiting the membrane fusion process by suppressing endolysosome acidification; suppressing the p38 activation and affecting host defense machinery, and preventing MHC class II expression (block expression of CD154 on the surface of CD4 + T cell) and TLR signaling and reducing the production of cytokines through inhibiting the activation of T cells and B cells.\nACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CQ, chloroquine; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; CoVs, coronaviruses; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MHC-II, major histocompatibility complex class II; TLR, toll-like receptor; cGAS, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sample-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T61","span":{"begin":204,"end":212},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T62","span":{"begin":800,"end":808},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T63","span":{"begin":810,"end":834},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T64","span":{"begin":1087,"end":1092},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A64","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T64","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005070"},{"id":"A62","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T62","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A63","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T63","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A61","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T61","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"}],"text":"Figure 1. Schematic representation of the possible mechanisms of CQ/HCQ against CoVs replication and modulating immune response. CQ/HCQ may synergistically exert antiviral and immunomodulatory effects on COVID-19 through multiple mechanisms including hindering the receptor recognition process by influencing the affinity of ACE2 and S protein, and the affinity for sialic acid and ganglioside; inhibiting the membrane fusion process by suppressing endolysosome acidification; suppressing the p38 activation and affecting host defense machinery, and preventing MHC class II expression (block expression of CD154 on the surface of CD4 + T cell) and TLR signaling and reducing the production of cytokines through inhibiting the activation of T cells and B cells.\nACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CQ, chloroquine; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; CoVs, coronaviruses; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MHC-II, major histocompatibility complex class II; TLR, toll-like receptor; cGAS, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sample-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":1087,"end":1092},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A8","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002664"}],"text":"Figure 1. Schematic representation of the possible mechanisms of CQ/HCQ against CoVs replication and modulating immune response. CQ/HCQ may synergistically exert antiviral and immunomodulatory effects on COVID-19 through multiple mechanisms including hindering the receptor recognition process by influencing the affinity of ACE2 and S protein, and the affinity for sialic acid and ganglioside; inhibiting the membrane fusion process by suppressing endolysosome acidification; suppressing the p38 activation and affecting host defense machinery, and preventing MHC class II expression (block expression of CD154 on the surface of CD4 + T cell) and TLR signaling and reducing the production of cytokines through inhibiting the activation of T cells and B cells.\nACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CQ, chloroquine; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; CoVs, coronaviruses; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MHC-II, major histocompatibility complex class II; TLR, toll-like receptor; cGAS, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sample-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":112,"end":127},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":410,"end":425},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061025"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":462,"end":475},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045851"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":561,"end":564},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046776"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":652,"end":661},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0023052"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":899,"end":903},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004707"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":939,"end":942},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046776"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":947,"end":979},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046776"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":1093,"end":1101},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070265"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":1093,"end":1101},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019835"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":1093,"end":1101},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008219"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":1093,"end":1101},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001906"}],"text":"Figure 1. Schematic representation of the possible mechanisms of CQ/HCQ against CoVs replication and modulating immune response. CQ/HCQ may synergistically exert antiviral and immunomodulatory effects on COVID-19 through multiple mechanisms including hindering the receptor recognition process by influencing the affinity of ACE2 and S protein, and the affinity for sialic acid and ganglioside; inhibiting the membrane fusion process by suppressing endolysosome acidification; suppressing the p38 activation and affecting host defense machinery, and preventing MHC class II expression (block expression of CD154 on the surface of CD4 + T cell) and TLR signaling and reducing the production of cytokines through inhibiting the activation of T cells and B cells.\nACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CQ, chloroquine; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; CoVs, coronaviruses; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MHC-II, major histocompatibility complex class II; TLR, toll-like receptor; cGAS, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":112,"end":127},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":410,"end":425},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061025"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":462,"end":475},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045851"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":561,"end":564},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046776"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":652,"end":661},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0023052"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":899,"end":903},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0004707"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":939,"end":942},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046776"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":947,"end":979},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046776"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":1093,"end":1101},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070265"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":1093,"end":1101},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019835"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":1093,"end":1101},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008219"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":1093,"end":1101},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0001906"}],"text":"Figure 1. Schematic representation of the possible mechanisms of CQ/HCQ against CoVs replication and modulating immune response. CQ/HCQ may synergistically exert antiviral and immunomodulatory effects on COVID-19 through multiple mechanisms including hindering the receptor recognition process by influencing the affinity of ACE2 and S protein, and the affinity for sialic acid and ganglioside; inhibiting the membrane fusion process by suppressing endolysosome acidification; suppressing the p38 activation and affecting host defense machinery, and preventing MHC class II expression (block expression of CD154 on the surface of CD4 + T cell) and TLR signaling and reducing the production of cytokines through inhibiting the activation of T cells and B cells.\nACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CQ, chloroquine; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; CoVs, coronaviruses; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MHC-II, major histocompatibility complex class II; TLR, toll-like receptor; cGAS, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"322","span":{"begin":325,"end":329},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"323","span":{"begin":493,"end":496},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"324","span":{"begin":606,"end":611},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"325","span":{"begin":630,"end":633},"obj":"Gene"},{"id":"326","span":{"begin":80,"end":84},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"327","span":{"begin":65,"end":67},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"328","span":{"begin":68,"end":71},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"329","span":{"begin":204,"end":212},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A322","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"322","obj":"Gene:59272"},{"id":"A323","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"323","obj":"Gene:1432"},{"id":"A324","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"324","obj":"Gene:959"},{"id":"A325","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"325","obj":"Gene:920"},{"id":"A326","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"326","obj":"Tax:11118"},{"id":"A327","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"327","obj":"MESH:D002738"},{"id":"A328","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"328","obj":"MESH:D006886"},{"id":"A329","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"329","obj":"MESH:C000657245"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"Figure 1. Schematic representation of the possible mechanisms of CQ/HCQ against CoVs replication and modulating immune response. CQ/HCQ may synergistically exert antiviral and immunomodulatory effects on COVID-19 through multiple mechanisms including hindering the receptor recognition process by influencing the affinity of ACE2 and S protein, and the affinity for sialic acid and ganglioside; inhibiting the membrane fusion process by suppressing endolysosome acidification; suppressing the p38 activation and affecting host defense machinery, and preventing MHC class II expression (block expression of CD154 on the surface of CD4 + T cell) and TLR signaling and reducing the production of cytokines through inhibiting the activation of T cells and B cells.\nACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CQ, chloroquine; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; CoVs, coronaviruses; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MHC-II, major histocompatibility complex class II; TLR, toll-like receptor; cGAS, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α."}

{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T68","span":{"begin":0,"end":9},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T69","span":{"begin":10,"end":128},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T70","span":{"begin":129,"end":760},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T71","span":{"begin":761,"end":1111},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"Figure 1. Schematic representation of the possible mechanisms of CQ/HCQ against CoVs replication and modulating immune response. CQ/HCQ may synergistically exert antiviral and immunomodulatory effects on COVID-19 through multiple mechanisms including hindering the receptor recognition process by influencing the affinity of ACE2 and S protein, and the affinity for sialic acid and ganglioside; inhibiting the membrane fusion process by suppressing endolysosome acidification; suppressing the p38 activation and affecting host defense machinery, and preventing MHC class II expression (block expression of CD154 on the surface of CD4 + T cell) and TLR signaling and reducing the production of cytokines through inhibiting the activation of T cells and B cells.\nACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CQ, chloroquine; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; CoVs, coronaviruses; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MHC-II, major histocompatibility complex class II; TLR, toll-like receptor; cGAS, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α."}

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":1087,"end":1092},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A8","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002664"}],"text":"Figure 1. Schematic representation of the possible mechanisms of CQ/HCQ against CoVs replication and modulating immune response. CQ/HCQ may synergistically exert antiviral and immunomodulatory effects on COVID-19 through multiple mechanisms including hindering the receptor recognition process by influencing the affinity of ACE2 and S protein, and the affinity for sialic acid and ganglioside; inhibiting the membrane fusion process by suppressing endolysosome acidification; suppressing the p38 activation and affecting host defense machinery, and preventing MHC class II expression (block expression of CD154 on the surface of CD4 + T cell) and TLR signaling and reducing the production of cytokines through inhibiting the activation of T cells and B cells.\nACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CQ, chloroquine; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; CoVs, coronaviruses; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MHC-II, major histocompatibility complex class II; TLR, toll-like receptor; cGAS, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α."}