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PMC:7441788 / 28509-34097 JSONTXT

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LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T117 1423-1434 Body_part denotes nasopharynx http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma54878

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T14 1423-1434 Body_part denotes nasopharynx http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001728

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T124 127-135 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T125 1102-1110 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T126 2454-2462 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T127 2885-2893 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T128 3989-3997 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T129 4783-4793 Disease denotes arrhythmia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007263
T130 5000-5011 Disease denotes arrhythmias http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007263
T131 5551-5561 Disease denotes arrhythmia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007263

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T218 95-96 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T219 216-218 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001313 denotes 36
T220 477-482 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T221 486-489 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001000 denotes 3–5
T222 532-537 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T223 757-758 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T224 1052-1053 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T225 1629-1634 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T226 1884-1885 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T227 2233-2234 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T228 2822-2823 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T229 2866-2867 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T230 3834-3835 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T231 4017-4018 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T232 4123-4124 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T233 4181-4182 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T234 4385-4386 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T235 4453-4454 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T236 4644-4645 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T237 4700-4701 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T238 4760-4761 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T239 4888-4889 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T240 5033-5034 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T241 5075-5076 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T242 5220-5227 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T243 5442-5445 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T244 5474-5475 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T293 65-67 Chemical denotes CQ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638
T294 97-106 Chemical denotes macrolide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25106
T295 300-312 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T296 381-386 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T297 421-433 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T298 575-587 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T299 705-716 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
T300 720-732 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T301 865-870 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T302 946-951 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T303 1203-1215 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T304 1514-1526 Chemical denotes nucleic acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696
T305 1522-1526 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T306 1721-1726 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T307 1870-1882 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T308 1984-1996 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T309 2098-2110 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T310 2183-2188 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T311 2209-2221 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T312 2222-2227 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T313 2286-2291 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T314 2367-2379 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T315 2753-2765 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T316 2984-2996 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T317 3035-3047 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T318 3079-3083 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T319 3092-3104 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T320 3185-3197 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T321 3230-3242 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T322 3271-3275 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T323 3373-3377 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T324 3470-3482 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T325 3498-3510 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T326 3881-3883 Chemical denotes CQ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638
T327 3918-3928 Chemical denotes macrolides http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25106
T328 3939-3951 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T329 3956-3970 Chemical denotes clarithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3732
T330 4097-4099 Chemical denotes CQ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638
T331 4115-4117 Chemical denotes CQ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638
T332 4125-4134 Chemical denotes macrolide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25106
T333 4183-4192 Chemical denotes macrolide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25106
T334 4222-4227 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T335 4343-4348 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T336 4357-4359 Chemical denotes CQ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638
T337 4360-4365 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T338 4377-4379 Chemical denotes CQ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638
T339 4387-4396 Chemical denotes macrolide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25106
T340 4397-4402 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T341 4418-4423 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T342 4442-4447 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T343 4455-4464 Chemical denotes macrolide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25106
T344 4481-4486 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T345 4605-4610 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T346 4619-4621 Chemical denotes CQ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638
T347 4622-4627 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T348 4636-4638 Chemical denotes CQ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638
T349 4646-4655 Chemical denotes macrolide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25106
T350 4656-4661 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T351 4674-4679 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T352 4702-4711 Chemical denotes macrolide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25106
T353 4712-4717 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T354 4846-4848 Chemical denotes CQ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638
T355 4890-4899 Chemical denotes macrolide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25106
T356 5167-5179 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T357 5391-5393 Chemical denotes CQ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638
T358 5398-5408 Chemical denotes macrolides http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25106
T359 5410-5422 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T360 5426-5440 Chemical denotes clarithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3732

LitCovid-sample-MedDRA

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue meddra_id
T16 36-48 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDDRA/10022891 denotes investigated http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDDRA/10062026
T17 1029-1039 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDDRA/10022891 denotes viral load http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDDRA/10062178
T18 1435-1445 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDDRA/10022891 denotes viral load http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDDRA/10062178
T19 1635-1642 http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDDRA/10022891 denotes culture http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MEDDRA/10061447

LitCovid-sample-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T156 65-67 Chemical denotes CQ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638
T157 97-106 Chemical denotes macrolide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25106
T158 300-312 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T159 421-433 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T160 575-587 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T161 720-732 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T162 1203-1215 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T163 1514-1526 Chemical denotes nucleic acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696
T164 1870-1882 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T165 1984-1996 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T166 2098-2110 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T167 2209-2221 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T168 2367-2379 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T169 2753-2765 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T170 2984-2996 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T171 3035-3047 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T172 3092-3104 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T173 3185-3197 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T174 3230-3242 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T175 3470-3482 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T176 3498-3510 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T177 3881-3883 Chemical denotes CQ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638
T178 3918-3928 Chemical denotes macrolides http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25106
T179 3939-3951 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T180 3956-3970 Chemical denotes clarithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3732
T181 4097-4099 Chemical denotes CQ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638
T182 4115-4117 Chemical denotes CQ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638
T183 4125-4134 Chemical denotes macrolide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25106
T184 4183-4192 Chemical denotes macrolide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25106
T185 4357-4359 Chemical denotes CQ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638
T186 4377-4379 Chemical denotes CQ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638
T187 4387-4396 Chemical denotes macrolide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25106
T188 4455-4464 Chemical denotes macrolide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25106
T189 4619-4621 Chemical denotes CQ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638
T190 4636-4638 Chemical denotes CQ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638
T191 4646-4655 Chemical denotes macrolide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25106
T192 4702-4711 Chemical denotes macrolide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25106
T193 4846-4848 Chemical denotes CQ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638
T194 4890-4899 Chemical denotes macrolide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25106
T195 5167-5179 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T196 5391-5393 Chemical denotes CQ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638
T197 5398-5408 Chemical denotes macrolides http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25106
T198 5410-5422 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T199 5426-5440 Chemical denotes clarithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3732

LitCovid-sample-PD-NCBITaxon

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue ncbi_taxonomy_id
T122 127-135 Species denotes COVID-19 NCBItxid:2697049
T123 1102-1110 Species denotes COVID-19 NCBItxid:2697049
T124 2454-2462 Species denotes COVID-19 NCBItxid:2697049
T125 2885-2893 Species denotes COVID-19 NCBItxid:2697049
T126 3989-3997 Species denotes COVID-19 NCBItxid:2697049
T127 5220-5227 Species denotes viruses NCBItxid:10239

LitCovid-sample-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T201 0-146 Sentence denotes There are also several reports that investigated the efficacy of CQ or HCQ in combination with a macrolide in the treatment of COVID-19 (Table 1).
T202 147-330 Sentence denotes In an open nonrandom clinical trial conducted in France [57], of the 36 participants, 20 patients were given HCQ (200 mg/3 times) with 6 receiving added azithromycin, and 16 controls.
T203 331-495 Sentence denotes The results showed that compared with the control group, HCQ alone or in combination with azithromycin could effectively eliminate nasopharyngeal virus in 3–5 days.
T204 496-665 Sentence denotes On the 6th day after treatment, the virus clearance rates of HCQ combined with azithromycin, HCQ alone and controls were 100%, 57.1% and 12.5%, respectively (P < 0.001).
T205 666-778 Sentence denotes This study indicated that the combined application of azithromycin and HCQ appears to have a synergistic effect.
T206 779-988 Sentence denotes However, the trial design and the results were unreliable, as six patients in the HCQ group discontinued treatment early due to critical illness or intolerance to the drugs and were excluded from the analysis.
T207 989-1072 Sentence denotes The assessment of efficacy was based on viral load rather than a clinical endpoint.
T208 1073-1418 Sentence denotes An observational study in 80 COVID-19 patients evaluated the efficacy of HCQ (200 mg/3 times/day for 10 days) in combination with azithromycin (500 mg on the first day, 250 mg/day afterward for 5 days) and showed that all patients’ clinical symptoms were improved, except for one patient aged over 86 years who died due to critical illness [58].
T209 1419-1591 Sentence denotes The nasopharynx viral load in most patients decreased rapidly, and the negative rates of viral nucleic acid conversion on days 7 and 8 were about 83% and 93%, respectively.
T210 1592-1685 Sentence denotes About 97.5% of patients had negative virus culture in respiratory specimens on the fifth day.
T211 1686-1778 Sentence denotes However, this study had no control group, thus the results were difficult to interpret [58].
T212 1779-1883 Sentence denotes Some recent studies have yielded different results about the efficacy of HCQ combined with azithromycin.
T213 1884-2160 Sentence denotes A retrospective study including 368 patients (97 patients received HCQ, 113 patients received HCQ + azithromycin and 158 patients received no HCQ) from USA [59] showed that the rates of ventilation in the HCQ, HCQ+azithromycin and no HCQ groups had no significant differences.
T214 2161-2292 Sentence denotes Unfortunately, theHCQ group (but not in the HCQ+azithromycin group) had a higher risk of death from any case than the no HCQ group.
T215 2293-2463 Sentence denotes This study showed no evidence that the use of HCQ, either with or without azithromycin, reduced the risk of mechanical ventilation in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.
T216 2464-2578 Sentence denotes Noticeably, in patients treated with HCQ alone, an association with increased overall mortality was observed [59].
T217 2579-2706 Sentence denotes In this study, the subjects included were only men and most of them were black, which may affect the generality of the results.
T218 2707-2818 Sentence denotes In addition, the patients who received HCQ or azithromycin were more severe, which may also affect the results.
T219 2819-3106 Sentence denotes In a retrospective multicenter cohort study of a random sample of COVID-19 patients from 25 hospitals in New York [60], totaling 1438 patients, 735 received HCQ and azithromycin, 271 received HCQ alone, 211 received azithromycin alone and 221 received neither drug (HCQ or azithromycin).
T220 3107-3286 Sentence denotes The results showed that the hospital mortality rate of patients receiving HCQ＋azithromycin was 25.7%, HCQ alone was 19.9%, azithromycin alone was 10.0% and neither drug was 12.7%.
T221 3287-3517 Sentence denotes In adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, compared with patients receiving neither drug, there were no significant differences in hospital mortality rate for patients receiving HC＋azithromycin, HCQ alone, or azithromycin alone.
T222 3518-3632 Sentence denotes In this study, the sample size is large and includes patients with long-term, complex and ongoing hospitalization.
T223 3633-3823 Sentence denotes However, the mortality rate of this study was limited to in-hospital deaths, and patients discharged during the study period were considered alive, which may underestimate the morality rate.
T224 3824-4016 Sentence denotes Recently, a multinational registry analysis about HCQ or CQ with or without second-generation macrolides (especial azithromycin and clarithromycin) for treatment of COVID-19 was reported [61].
T225 4017-4072 Sentence denotes A total of 96,032 patients were included in this study.
T226 4073-4228 Sentence denotes Of these, 1868 received CQ, 3783 received CQ with a macrolide, 3016 received HCQ and 6221 received HCQ with a macrolide and 8114 patients as control group.
T227 4229-4561 Sentence denotes After controlling various confounding factors related to disease, when compared with the mortality in the control group (9.3%), CQ group was 16.4%, CQ with a macrolide group was 22.2%, HCQ group was 18.0% and HCQ group with a macrolide was 23.8%; each group was associated with an increased risk of hospital mortality independently.
T228 4562-4822 Sentence denotes Apart from this, compared with the control group (0.3%), CQ group (4.3%), CQ with a macrolide group (6.5%), HCQ group (6.1%) and HCQ with a macrolide group (8.1%) were independently associated with a risk for ventricular arrhythmia during hospitalization [61].
T229 4823-5012 Sentence denotes This study showed that CQ or HCQ (used alone or combination with a macrolide) was associated with an increased hazard for in-hospital death and an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias.
T230 5013-5103 Sentence denotes This study included a large number of patients, but it is not a randomized clinical trial.
T231 5104-5321 Sentence denotes In short, some small studies have shown that HCQ combined with azithromycin could quickly and effectively eliminate viruses, but the design of these studies was flawed in many aspects, making the results unconvincing.
T232 5322-5588 Sentence denotes Several subsequent studies have shown that the combination of HCQ or CQ and macrolides (azithromycin or clarithromycin) has no obvious correlation with a reduced risk for mechanical ventilation, and may even increase the risk of arrhythmia and in-hospital mortality.

LitCovid-sample-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T12 1423-1434 Body_part denotes nasopharynx http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001728

LitCovid-sample-Pubtator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue pubann:denotes
1086 219-231 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
1087 236-244 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1088 845-853 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1089 1111-1119 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1090 1295-1303 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1091 1353-1360 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
1092 1454-1462 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1093 1607-1615 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1094 1920-1928 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1095 1933-1941 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1096 1960-1968 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1097 2005-2013 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1098 2427-2435 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1099 2479-2487 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1100 2626-2629 Species denotes men Tax:9606
1101 2724-2732 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1102 2894-2902 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1103 2953-2961 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1104 3162-3170 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1105 3346-3354 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1106 3448-3456 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1107 3571-3579 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1108 3714-3722 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1109 4035-4043 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1110 4202-4210 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1111 5051-5059 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1112 65-67 Chemical denotes CQ MESH:D002738
1113 71-74 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1114 97-106 Chemical denotes macrolide MESH:D018942
1115 256-259 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1116 300-312 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1117 388-391 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1118 421-433 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1119 557-560 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1120 575-587 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1121 589-592 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1122 720-732 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1123 737-740 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1124 861-864 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1125 1146-1149 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1126 1203-1215 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1127 1852-1855 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1128 1870-1882 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1129 1951-1954 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1130 1978-1981 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1131 1984-1996 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1132 2026-2029 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1133 2089-2092 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1134 2094-2097 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1135 2098-2110 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1136 2118-2121 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1137 2176-2182 Chemical denotes theHCQ
1138 2205-2208 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1139 2209-2221 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1140 2282-2285 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1141 2339-2342 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1142 2367-2379 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1143 2501-2504 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1144 2746-2749 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1145 2753-2765 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1146 2976-2979 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1147 2984-2996 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1148 3011-3014 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1149 3035-3047 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1150 3085-3088 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1151 3092-3104 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1152 3181-3185 Chemical denotes HCQ＋ MESH:D006886
1153 3185-3197 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1154 3209-3212 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1155 3230-3242 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1156 3470-3482 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1157 3484-3487 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1158 3498-3510 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1159 3874-3877 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1160 3918-3928 Chemical denotes macrolides MESH:D018942
1161 3939-3951 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1162 3956-3970 Chemical denotes clarithromycin MESH:D017291
1163 4097-4099 Chemical denotes CQ MESH:D002738
1164 4115-4117 Chemical denotes CQ MESH:D002738
1165 4125-4134 Chemical denotes macrolide MESH:D018942
1166 4150-4153 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1167 4172-4175 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1168 4183-4192 Chemical denotes macrolide MESH:D018942
1169 4357-4359 Chemical denotes CQ MESH:D002738
1170 4377-4379 Chemical denotes CQ MESH:D002738
1171 4387-4396 Chemical denotes macrolide MESH:D018942
1172 4414-4417 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1173 4438-4441 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1174 4455-4464 Chemical denotes macrolide MESH:D018942
1175 4619-4621 Chemical denotes CQ MESH:D002738
1176 4636-4638 Chemical denotes CQ MESH:D002738
1177 4646-4655 Chemical denotes macrolide MESH:D018942
1178 4670-4673 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1179 4691-4694 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1180 4702-4711 Chemical denotes macrolide MESH:D018942
1181 4846-4848 Chemical denotes CQ MESH:D002738
1182 4852-4855 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1183 4890-4899 Chemical denotes macrolide MESH:D018942
1184 5149-5152 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1185 5167-5179 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1186 5384-5387 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1187 5391-5393 Chemical denotes CQ MESH:D002738
1188 5398-5408 Chemical denotes macrolides MESH:D018942
1189 5410-5422 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1190 5426-5440 Chemical denotes clarithromycin MESH:D017291
1191 127-135 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
1192 907-923 Disease denotes critical illness MESH:D016638
1193 1102-1110 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
1194 1384-1388 Disease denotes died MESH:D003643
1195 1396-1412 Disease denotes critical illness MESH:D016638
1196 2250-2255 Disease denotes death MESH:D003643
1197 2454-2462 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
1198 2550-2559 Disease denotes mortality MESH:D003643
1199 2885-2893 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
1200 3144-3153 Disease denotes mortality MESH:D003643
1201 3429-3438 Disease denotes mortality MESH:D003643
1202 3646-3655 Disease denotes mortality MESH:D003643
1203 3702-3708 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
1204 3989-3997 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
1205 4318-4327 Disease denotes mortality MESH:D003643
1206 4537-4546 Disease denotes mortality MESH:D003643
1207 4771-4793 Disease denotes ventricular arrhythmia MESH:D001145
1208 4957-4962 Disease denotes death MESH:D003643
1209 4988-5011 Disease denotes ventricular arrhythmias MESH:D001145
1210 5551-5561 Disease denotes arrhythmia MESH:D001145
1211 5578-5587 Disease denotes mortality MESH:D003643
688 2209-2221 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963

LitCovid-sample-PD-IDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T134 477-482 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T135 532-537 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T136 1314-1322 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000020 denotes symptoms
T137 1629-1634 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T138 4286-4293 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000031 denotes disease
T139 5220-5227 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses

LitCovid-sample-PD-FMA

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T116 1423-1434 Body_part denotes nasopharynx http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma54878

LitCovid-sample-PD-MAT

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T8 1423-1434 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT_0000447 denotes nasopharynx

LitCovid-sample-PD-GO-BP-0

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T74 2250-2255 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016265 denotes death
T75 4957-4962 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016265 denotes death

LitCovid-sample-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T117 127-135 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T118 1102-1110 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T119 2454-2462 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T120 2885-2893 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T121 3989-3997 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T122 4783-4793 Disease denotes arrhythmia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007263
T123 5000-5011 Disease denotes arrhythmias http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007263
T124 5551-5561 Disease denotes arrhythmia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007263

LitCovid-sample-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T21 4771-4793 Phenotype denotes ventricular arrhythmia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0004308
T22 4988-5011 Phenotype denotes ventricular arrhythmias http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0004308
T23 5551-5561 Phenotype denotes arrhythmia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011675

LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
688 2209-2221 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1086 219-231 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
1087 236-244 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1088 845-853 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1089 1111-1119 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1090 1295-1303 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1091 1353-1360 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
1092 1454-1462 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1093 1607-1615 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1094 1920-1928 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1095 1933-1941 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1096 1960-1968 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1097 2005-2013 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1098 2427-2435 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1099 2479-2487 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1100 2626-2629 Species denotes men Tax:9606
1101 2724-2732 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1102 2894-2902 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1103 2953-2961 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1104 3162-3170 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1105 3346-3354 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1106 3448-3456 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1107 3571-3579 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1108 3714-3722 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1109 4035-4043 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1110 4202-4210 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1111 5051-5059 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1112 65-67 Chemical denotes CQ MESH:D002738
1113 71-74 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1114 97-106 Chemical denotes macrolide MESH:D018942
1115 256-259 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1116 300-312 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1117 388-391 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1118 421-433 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1119 557-560 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1120 575-587 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1121 589-592 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1122 720-732 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1123 737-740 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1124 861-864 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1125 1146-1149 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1126 1203-1215 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1127 1852-1855 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1128 1870-1882 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1129 1951-1954 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1130 1978-1981 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1131 1984-1996 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1132 2026-2029 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1133 2089-2092 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1134 2094-2097 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1135 2098-2110 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1136 2118-2121 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1137 2176-2182 Chemical denotes theHCQ
1138 2205-2208 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1140 2282-2285 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1141 2339-2342 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1142 2367-2379 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1143 2501-2504 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1144 2746-2749 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1145 2753-2765 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1146 2976-2979 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1147 2984-2996 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1148 3011-3014 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1149 3035-3047 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1150 3085-3088 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1151 3092-3104 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1152 3181-3185 Chemical denotes HCQ＋ MESH:D006886
1153 3185-3197 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1154 3209-3212 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1155 3230-3242 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1156 3470-3482 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1157 3484-3487 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1158 3498-3510 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1159 3874-3877 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1160 3918-3928 Chemical denotes macrolides MESH:D018942
1161 3939-3951 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1162 3956-3970 Chemical denotes clarithromycin MESH:D017291
1163 4097-4099 Chemical denotes CQ MESH:D002738
1164 4115-4117 Chemical denotes CQ MESH:D002738
1165 4125-4134 Chemical denotes macrolide MESH:D018942
1166 4150-4153 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1167 4172-4175 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1168 4183-4192 Chemical denotes macrolide MESH:D018942
1169 4357-4359 Chemical denotes CQ MESH:D002738
1170 4377-4379 Chemical denotes CQ MESH:D002738
1171 4387-4396 Chemical denotes macrolide MESH:D018942
1172 4414-4417 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1173 4438-4441 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1174 4455-4464 Chemical denotes macrolide MESH:D018942
1175 4619-4621 Chemical denotes CQ MESH:D002738
1176 4636-4638 Chemical denotes CQ MESH:D002738
1177 4646-4655 Chemical denotes macrolide MESH:D018942
1178 4670-4673 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1179 4691-4694 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1180 4702-4711 Chemical denotes macrolide MESH:D018942
1181 4846-4848 Chemical denotes CQ MESH:D002738
1182 4852-4855 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1183 4890-4899 Chemical denotes macrolide MESH:D018942
1184 5149-5152 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1185 5167-5179 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1186 5384-5387 Chemical denotes HCQ MESH:D006886
1187 5391-5393 Chemical denotes CQ MESH:D002738
1188 5398-5408 Chemical denotes macrolides MESH:D018942
1189 5410-5422 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
1190 5426-5440 Chemical denotes clarithromycin MESH:D017291
1191 127-135 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
1192 907-923 Disease denotes critical illness MESH:D016638
1193 1102-1110 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
1194 1384-1388 Disease denotes died MESH:D003643
1195 1396-1412 Disease denotes critical illness MESH:D016638
1196 2250-2255 Disease denotes death MESH:D003643
1197 2454-2462 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
1198 2550-2559 Disease denotes mortality MESH:D003643
1199 2885-2893 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
1200 3144-3153 Disease denotes mortality MESH:D003643
1201 3429-3438 Disease denotes mortality MESH:D003643
1202 3646-3655 Disease denotes mortality MESH:D003643
1203 3702-3708 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
1204 3989-3997 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
1205 4318-4327 Disease denotes mortality MESH:D003643
1206 4537-4546 Disease denotes mortality MESH:D003643
1207 4771-4793 Disease denotes ventricular arrhythmia MESH:D001145
1208 4957-4962 Disease denotes death MESH:D003643
1209 4988-5011 Disease denotes ventricular arrhythmias MESH:D001145
1210 5551-5561 Disease denotes arrhythmia MESH:D001145
1211 5578-5587 Disease denotes mortality MESH:D003643

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T201 0-146 Sentence denotes There are also several reports that investigated the efficacy of CQ or HCQ in combination with a macrolide in the treatment of COVID-19 (Table 1).
T202 147-330 Sentence denotes In an open nonrandom clinical trial conducted in France [57], of the 36 participants, 20 patients were given HCQ (200 mg/3 times) with 6 receiving added azithromycin, and 16 controls.
T203 331-495 Sentence denotes The results showed that compared with the control group, HCQ alone or in combination with azithromycin could effectively eliminate nasopharyngeal virus in 3–5 days.
T204 496-665 Sentence denotes On the 6th day after treatment, the virus clearance rates of HCQ combined with azithromycin, HCQ alone and controls were 100%, 57.1% and 12.5%, respectively (P < 0.001).
T205 666-778 Sentence denotes This study indicated that the combined application of azithromycin and HCQ appears to have a synergistic effect.
T206 779-988 Sentence denotes However, the trial design and the results were unreliable, as six patients in the HCQ group discontinued treatment early due to critical illness or intolerance to the drugs and were excluded from the analysis.
T207 989-1072 Sentence denotes The assessment of efficacy was based on viral load rather than a clinical endpoint.
T208 1073-1418 Sentence denotes An observational study in 80 COVID-19 patients evaluated the efficacy of HCQ (200 mg/3 times/day for 10 days) in combination with azithromycin (500 mg on the first day, 250 mg/day afterward for 5 days) and showed that all patients’ clinical symptoms were improved, except for one patient aged over 86 years who died due to critical illness [58].
T209 1419-1591 Sentence denotes The nasopharynx viral load in most patients decreased rapidly, and the negative rates of viral nucleic acid conversion on days 7 and 8 were about 83% and 93%, respectively.
T210 1592-1685 Sentence denotes About 97.5% of patients had negative virus culture in respiratory specimens on the fifth day.
T211 1686-1778 Sentence denotes However, this study had no control group, thus the results were difficult to interpret [58].
T212 1779-1883 Sentence denotes Some recent studies have yielded different results about the efficacy of HCQ combined with azithromycin.
T213 1884-2160 Sentence denotes A retrospective study including 368 patients (97 patients received HCQ, 113 patients received HCQ + azithromycin and 158 patients received no HCQ) from USA [59] showed that the rates of ventilation in the HCQ, HCQ+azithromycin and no HCQ groups had no significant differences.
T214 2161-2292 Sentence denotes Unfortunately, theHCQ group (but not in the HCQ+azithromycin group) had a higher risk of death from any case than the no HCQ group.
T215 2293-2463 Sentence denotes This study showed no evidence that the use of HCQ, either with or without azithromycin, reduced the risk of mechanical ventilation in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.
T216 2464-2578 Sentence denotes Noticeably, in patients treated with HCQ alone, an association with increased overall mortality was observed [59].
T217 2579-2706 Sentence denotes In this study, the subjects included were only men and most of them were black, which may affect the generality of the results.
T218 2707-2818 Sentence denotes In addition, the patients who received HCQ or azithromycin were more severe, which may also affect the results.
T219 2819-3106 Sentence denotes In a retrospective multicenter cohort study of a random sample of COVID-19 patients from 25 hospitals in New York [60], totaling 1438 patients, 735 received HCQ and azithromycin, 271 received HCQ alone, 211 received azithromycin alone and 221 received neither drug (HCQ or azithromycin).
T220 3107-3286 Sentence denotes The results showed that the hospital mortality rate of patients receiving HCQ＋azithromycin was 25.7%, HCQ alone was 19.9%, azithromycin alone was 10.0% and neither drug was 12.7%.
T221 3287-3517 Sentence denotes In adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, compared with patients receiving neither drug, there were no significant differences in hospital mortality rate for patients receiving HC＋azithromycin, HCQ alone, or azithromycin alone.
T222 3518-3632 Sentence denotes In this study, the sample size is large and includes patients with long-term, complex and ongoing hospitalization.
T223 3633-3823 Sentence denotes However, the mortality rate of this study was limited to in-hospital deaths, and patients discharged during the study period were considered alive, which may underestimate the morality rate.
T224 3824-4016 Sentence denotes Recently, a multinational registry analysis about HCQ or CQ with or without second-generation macrolides (especial azithromycin and clarithromycin) for treatment of COVID-19 was reported [61].
T225 4017-4072 Sentence denotes A total of 96,032 patients were included in this study.
T226 4073-4228 Sentence denotes Of these, 1868 received CQ, 3783 received CQ with a macrolide, 3016 received HCQ and 6221 received HCQ with a macrolide and 8114 patients as control group.
T227 4229-4561 Sentence denotes After controlling various confounding factors related to disease, when compared with the mortality in the control group (9.3%), CQ group was 16.4%, CQ with a macrolide group was 22.2%, HCQ group was 18.0% and HCQ group with a macrolide was 23.8%; each group was associated with an increased risk of hospital mortality independently.
T228 4562-4822 Sentence denotes Apart from this, compared with the control group (0.3%), CQ group (4.3%), CQ with a macrolide group (6.5%), HCQ group (6.1%) and HCQ with a macrolide group (8.1%) were independently associated with a risk for ventricular arrhythmia during hospitalization [61].
T229 4823-5012 Sentence denotes This study showed that CQ or HCQ (used alone or combination with a macrolide) was associated with an increased hazard for in-hospital death and an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias.
T230 5013-5103 Sentence denotes This study included a large number of patients, but it is not a randomized clinical trial.
T231 5104-5321 Sentence denotes In short, some small studies have shown that HCQ combined with azithromycin could quickly and effectively eliminate viruses, but the design of these studies was flawed in many aspects, making the results unconvincing.
T232 5322-5588 Sentence denotes Several subsequent studies have shown that the combination of HCQ or CQ and macrolides (azithromycin or clarithromycin) has no obvious correlation with a reduced risk for mechanical ventilation, and may even increase the risk of arrhythmia and in-hospital mortality.

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T22 4771-4793 Phenotype denotes ventricular arrhythmia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0004308
T23 4988-5011 Phenotype denotes ventricular arrhythmias http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0004308
T24 5551-5561 Phenotype denotes arrhythmia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0011675