PMC:7432599 / 7694-10455 JSONTXT

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"32752280-28042652-52426000","span":{"begin":241,"end":243},"obj":"28042652"},{"id":"32752280-17416680-52426001","span":{"begin":2064,"end":2066},"obj":"17416680"},{"id":"T24470","span":{"begin":241,"end":243},"obj":"28042652"},{"id":"T87938","span":{"begin":2064,"end":2066},"obj":"17416680"}],"text":"2.2. Goat’s Milk Consumption Prevents Insulin Resistance and Pancreatic Islets Hypertrophy in Mice Fed A High-Fat Diet\nChronic consumption of a high-fat diet induces metabolic derangements such as glucose intolerance and insulin resistance [15]. At the end of the study, fasting serum glucose was higher in the HF mice when compared to controls and mice fed HFCD (p \u003c 0.05) (Figure 2A). Mice fed HFG and HFAF had no significant difference in fasting glucose concentration with respect to HF or control groups. However, fasting serum insulin at the end of the study was significantly lower in all groups fed goat milk than in those fed the HF or control diets (Figure 2B). To determine whether goat milk modifies glucose homeostasis in mice fed a HF diet, we performed an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IpGTT). As expected, mice fed HF presented a significant (p \u003c 0.05) decrease in glucose tolerance as observed by the higher area under the curve (AUC) when compared to control mice (Figure 2C,D).\nInterestingly, mice fed with either goat’s milk had the same glucose tolerance than control. Then, to examine whether the improved glucose tolerance observed in animals fed goat milk was associated with higher insulin sensitivity, we performed an intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (ipITT). As expected, mice fed HF had a blunted response to exogenous insulin reflected by a higher AUC (Figure 2E,F).\nInterestingly, the glucose curve of mice fed goat’s milk during the ipITT challenge was lower than those fed HF and similar to that of control mice. The AUC of all groups fed goat milk had a trend to be lower than that of the HF, but only in HFAF was significantly lower than the other groups. The development of insulin resistance is accompanied with a parallel increase in insulin secretion in order to maintain euglycemia. Moreover, glucose and insulin are trophic factors that induces islet compensatory growth response to insulin resistance. Thus, persistently elevated glucose and insulin concentrations induces hypertrophy of pancreatic islets [16].\nConsistently with the aforementioned results, pancreatic islets size was higher in mice fed the HF diet than control, HFCD and HFAF (p \u003c 0.05) (Figure 2G,H). These results indicate that goat’s milk decreases HF-associated glucose intolerance, preventing hyperinsulinemia. Notably, the lower insulin concentration of mice fed goat milk was associated with a decrease in HF-induced pancreatic islet hypertrophy, since HFCD, HFG and HFAF mice presented pancreatic islets size similar to those from control mice. Altogether, these results indicate that goat’s milk intake attenuates glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia associated to a decrease in pancreatic islet size in mice fed a HF diet."}