PMC:7432599 / 32413-34344 JSONTXT

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"32752280-17942826-52426034","span":{"begin":195,"end":197},"obj":"17942826"},{"id":"32752280-17942826-52426035","span":{"begin":858,"end":860},"obj":"17942826"},{"id":"T26019","span":{"begin":195,"end":197},"obj":"17942826"},{"id":"T19152","span":{"begin":858,"end":860},"obj":"17942826"}],"text":"Finally, to obtain a reference dose for future clinical studies, the body surface area (BSA) normalization method can be used to convert the dose information for mice to equivalent human intake [52,53]. For instance, in the present study consuming a 3.5 g/day of feed containing dry whole goat milk from a conventional diet would provide mice with 0.56 mg/day of bioactive phenolic (Figure 1C, Table 1). This amount of bioactive phenolic for mice of ~25-g body weight in average corresponds to 22.4 mg/kg per day, which multiplied by the animal Km factor (3) and divided by the human Km factor (37) will give a human dose equivalent of 1.81 mg/kg per day. The Km factor is obtained by dividing body weight (kg) and BSA (m2) and used for drug dose conversion between mg/kg and mg/m2, and its value for different animal species is available in the literature [52]. Accordingly, for an average human adult of 60 kg, the intake of bioactive phenolic from goat milk would correspond to ~108.6 mg/day. Thus, considering, that fresh goat milk contains ~150 mg phenolic/L [10] then the calculated intake would correspond to 0.72 L of fresh milk. This means that the human equivalent dose (~108.6 mg/day) could be supplied by daily consumption of 2.8 glasses/cups of fresh goat milk (250 mL per glass or cup). Furthermore, the source of the feed diet in goats enhances the content of bioactive phenolic in fresh milk as high as 230 mg/L in grazing diet and 300 mg/L in supplemented Acacia farnesiana pods diets [10] like those used in the present study. Thus, in these cases the calculated human intake would correspond to only 0.36–0.47 L of fresh milk which is about daily consumption of 1.4–1.8 glasses/cups of fresh goat milk. Alternatively, freeze dried whole goat milk powder corresponding to the calculated human intake of fresh milk could be incorporated as part of a solid diet in similar fashion as described in the present study."}