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LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T81654 346-350 Body_part denotes nose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma46472
T27055 355-361 Body_part denotes throat http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma228738
T19961 745-751 Body_part denotes throat http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma228738
T181 792-798 Body_part denotes muscle http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma32558
T51029 802-807 Body_part denotes joint http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7490
T34218 969-974 Body_part denotes chest http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576
T92626 1069-1073 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T1234 1082-1087 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670
T78271 1101-1106 Body_part denotes heart http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7088
T13634 3043-3049 Body_part denotes throat http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma228738
T71238 3069-3075 Body_part denotes muscle http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma32558
T73565 3079-3084 Body_part denotes joint http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7490
T73878 3137-3143 Body_part denotes throat http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma228738
T23432 3273-3279 Body_part denotes muscle http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma32558
T63978 3283-3288 Body_part denotes joint http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7490

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T3 346-350 Body_part denotes nose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000004
T4 355-361 Body_part denotes throat http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000341
T5 745-751 Body_part denotes throat http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000341
T6 969-974 Body_part denotes chest http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443
T7 1069-1073 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T8 1082-1087 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178
T9 1101-1106 Body_part denotes heart http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948
T10 3043-3049 Body_part denotes throat http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000341
T11 3137-3143 Body_part denotes throat http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000341

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T28 80-88 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T29 98-106 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T30 113-131 Disease denotes infectious disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T31 146-150 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T32 181-189 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T33 277-285 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T34 286-295 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T35 707-715 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T36 740-751 Disease denotes sore throat http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002258
T37 771-780 Disease denotes diarrhoea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001673
T38 873-881 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T39 882-891 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T40 1623-1631 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T41 1771-1779 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T42 1784-1792 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T43 1793-1802 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T44 2005-2013 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T45 2018-2026 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T46 2027-2036 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T47 2081-2089 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T48 2135-2143 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T49 2292-2300 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T50 2730-2738 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T51 2857-2865 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T52 2871-2879 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T53 2880-2889 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T54 3008-3016 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T55 3038-3049 Disease denotes sore throat http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002258
T56 3132-3143 Disease denotes sore throat http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002258
T57 3179-3187 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T58 3245-3253 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T59 3358-3366 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T60 3887-3895 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T61 3908-3916 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T62 3917-3926 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T63 4029-4037 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T23650 157-162 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T89373 195-196 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T21151 346-350 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000828 denotes nose
T85991 382-387 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T88004 628-633 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T24876 792-798 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001630 denotes muscle
T69146 792-798 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005090 denotes muscle
T50672 792-798 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000801 denotes muscle
T66401 792-798 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001949 denotes muscle
T23861 802-807 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000982 denotes joint
T66400 802-807 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004905 denotes joint
T11134 969-974 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965 denotes chest
T90286 1069-1073 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T9471 1069-1073 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T55340 1082-1087 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T18823 1082-1087 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 denotes blood
T74955 1101-1106 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948 denotes heart
T41468 1101-1106 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007100 denotes heart
T75280 1101-1106 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0015228 denotes heart
T52266 1101-1106 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000815 denotes heart
T29529 1261-1262 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T75234 1405-1410 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T98707 1554-1560 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T5034 1809-1810 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T50057 2397-2399 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050509 denotes 27
T2389 2679-2686 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009985 denotes focused
T37522 2770-2775 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T74353 3029-3030 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T35534 3069-3075 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001630 denotes muscle
T40339 3069-3075 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005090 denotes muscle
T15184 3069-3075 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000801 denotes muscle
T34273 3069-3075 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001949 denotes muscle
T18445 3079-3084 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000982 denotes joint
T32803 3079-3084 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004905 denotes joint
T38190 3273-3279 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001630 denotes muscle
T4263 3273-3279 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0005090 denotes muscle
T57364 3273-3279 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000801 denotes muscle
T79579 3273-3279 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001949 denotes muscle
T74048 3283-3288 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000982 denotes joint
T22698 3283-3288 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004905 denotes joint
T1432 3551-3552 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T64338 3584-3589 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T85832 3953-3954 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T29720 4320-4327 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T2 4047-4051 Chemical denotes base http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22695

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T18 214-233 Phenotype denotes respiratory illness http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002086
T19 286-295 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T20 733-738 Phenotype denotes cough http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735
T21 740-751 Phenotype denotes sore throat http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033050
T22 771-780 Phenotype denotes diarrhoea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002014
T23 782-790 Phenotype denotes headache http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002315
T24 802-812 Phenotype denotes joint pain http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002829
T25 814-821 Phenotype denotes fatigue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012378
T26 882-891 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T27 945-949 Phenotype denotes pain http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012531
T28 1793-1802 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T29 2027-2036 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T30 2880-2889 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T31 3031-3036 Phenotype denotes cough http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735
T32 3038-3049 Phenotype denotes sore throat http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033050
T33 3079-3089 Phenotype denotes joint pain http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002829
T34 3091-3098 Phenotype denotes fatigue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012378
T35 3103-3111 Phenotype denotes headache http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002315
T36 3122-3127 Phenotype denotes cough http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735
T37 3132-3143 Phenotype denotes sore throat http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033050
T38 3283-3293 Phenotype denotes joint pain http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002829
T39 3295-3302 Phenotype denotes fatigue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012378
T40 3308-3316 Phenotype denotes headache http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002315
T41 3917-3926 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T81183 835-849 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007608 denotes sense of smell
T40351 854-859 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050909 denotes taste
T82219 4300-4314 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007608 denotes sense of smell

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T51 0-22 Sentence denotes Plain language summary
T52 23-97 Sentence denotes Can symptoms and medical examination accurately diagnose COVID‐19 disease?
T53 98-163 Sentence denotes COVID‐19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus.
T54 164-296 Sentence denotes Most people with COVID‐19 have a mild to moderate respiratory illness; others experience severe illness, such as COVID‐19 pneumonia.
T55 297-402 Sentence denotes Formal diagnosis requires laboratory analysis of nose and throat samples, or imaging tests like CT scans.
T56 403-518 Sentence denotes However, the first and most accessible diagnostic information is from symptoms and signs from clinical examination.
T57 519-651 Sentence denotes If initial diagnosis by symptoms and signs were accurate, the need for time‐consuming, specialist diagnostic tests would be reduced.
T58 652-689 Sentence denotes Symptoms are experienced by patients.
T59 690-860 Sentence denotes People with mild COVID‐19 might experience cough, sore throat, high temperature, diarrhoea, headache, muscle or joint pain, fatigue, and loss of sense of smell and taste.
T60 861-1011 Sentence denotes Symptoms of COVID‐19 pneumonia include breathlessness, loss of appetite, confusion, pain or pressure in the chest, and high temperature (above 38 °C).
T61 1012-1112 Sentence denotes Signs are evaluated by clinical examination, and include lung sounds, blood pressure and heart rate.
T62 1113-1215 Sentence denotes Often, people with mild symptoms visit their doctor (primary care physician) for an initial diagnosis.
T63 1216-1307 Sentence denotes People with more severe symptoms might visit a hospital outpatient or emergency department.
T64 1308-1430 Sentence denotes Depending on their symptoms and signs, patients may be sent home to isolate, may receive further tests or be hospitalised.
T65 1431-1467 Sentence denotes Why is accurate diagnosis important?
T66 1468-1632 Sentence denotes Accurate diagnosis ensures that people receive the correct treatment quickly; are not tested, treated or isolated unnecessarily; and do not risk spreading COVID‐19.
T67 1633-1696 Sentence denotes This is important for individuals and saves time and resources.
T68 1697-1726 Sentence denotes What did we want to find out?
T69 1727-1898 Sentence denotes We wanted to know how accurate diagnosis of COVID‐19 and COVID‐19 pneumonia is in a primary care or hospital setting, based on symptoms and signs from medical examination.
T70 1899-1914 Sentence denotes What did we do?
T71 1915-2037 Sentence denotes We searched for studies that assessed the accuracy of symptoms and signs to diagnose mild COVID‐19 and COVID‐19 pneumonia.
T72 2038-2144 Sentence denotes Studies could include people with possible COVID‐19, or people known to have – and not to have – COVID‐19.
T73 2145-2301 Sentence denotes Studies had to be in primary care or hospital outpatient settings only and include at least 10 participants with any symptom or sign that might be COVID‐19.
T74 2302-2322 Sentence denotes The included studies
T75 2323-2375 Sentence denotes We found 16 relevant studies with 7706 participants.
T76 2376-2482 Sentence denotes The studies assessed 27 separate signs and symptoms, but none assessed combinations of signs and symptoms.
T77 2483-2635 Sentence denotes Seven were set in hospital outpatient clinics (2172 participants), four in emergency departments (1401 participants), but none in primary care settings.
T78 2636-2703 Sentence denotes No studies included children, and only one focused on older adults.
T79 2704-2786 Sentence denotes All the studies confirmed COVID‐19 diagnosis by the most accurate tests available.
T80 2787-2799 Sentence denotes Main results
T81 2800-2946 Sentence denotes The studies did not clearly distinguish mild to moderate COVID‐19 from COVID‐19 pneumonia, so we present the results for both conditions together.
T82 2947-3112 Sentence denotes The results indicate that at least half of participants with COVID‐19 disease had a cough, sore throat, high temperature, muscle or joint pain, fatigue, or headache.
T83 3113-3254 Sentence denotes However, cough and sore throat were also common in people without COVID‐19, so these symptoms alone are less helpful for diagnosing COVID‐19.
T84 3255-3397 Sentence denotes High temperature, muscle or joint pain, fatigue, and headache substantially increase the likelihood of COVID‐19 disease when they are present.
T85 3398-3427 Sentence denotes How reliable are the results?
T86 3428-3503 Sentence denotes The accuracy of individual symptoms and signs varied widely across studies.
T87 3504-3635 Sentence denotes Moreover, the studies selected participants in a way that meant the accuracy of tests based on symptoms and signs may be uncertain.
T88 3636-3647 Sentence denotes Conclusions
T89 3648-3771 Sentence denotes All studies were conducted in hospital outpatient settings, so the results are not representative of primary care settings.
T90 3772-3927 Sentence denotes The results do not apply to children or older adults specifically, and do not clearly differentiate between milder COVID‐19 disease and COVID‐19 pneumonia.
T91 3928-4038 Sentence denotes The results suggest that a single symptom or sign included in this review cannot accurately diagnose COVID‐19.
T92 4039-4159 Sentence denotes Doctors base diagnosis on multiple symptoms and signs, but the studies did not reflect this aspect of clinical practice.
T93 4160-4410 Sentence denotes Further research is needed to investigate combinations of symptoms and signs; symptoms that are likely to be more specific, such as loss of sense of smell; and testing unselected populations, in primary care settings and in children and older adults.
T94 4411-4441 Sentence denotes How up to date is this review?
T95 4442-4519 Sentence denotes The review authors searched for studies published from January to April 2020.

LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
123 80-88 Disease denotes COVID‐19 MESH:C000657245
131 146-156 Species denotes SARS‐CoV‐2 Tax:2697049
132 169-175 Species denotes people Tax:9606
133 98-106 Disease denotes COVID‐19 MESH:C000657245
134 113-131 Disease denotes infectious disease MESH:D003141
135 181-189 Disease denotes COVID‐19 MESH:C000657245
136 214-233 Disease denotes respiratory illness MESH:D012140
137 277-295 Disease denotes COVID‐19 pneumonia MESH:C000657245
150 680-688 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
151 690-696 Species denotes People Tax:9606
152 707-715 Disease denotes COVID‐19 MESH:C000657245
153 733-738 Disease denotes cough MESH:D003371
154 740-751 Disease denotes sore throat MESH:D010608
155 771-780 Disease denotes diarrhoea MESH:D003967
156 782-790 Disease denotes headache MESH:D006261
157 802-812 Disease denotes joint pain MESH:D018771
158 814-821 Disease denotes fatigue MESH:D005221
159 873-891 Disease denotes COVID‐19 pneumonia MESH:C000657245
160 916-932 Disease denotes loss of appetite MESH:D001068
161 945-949 Disease denotes pain MESH:D010146
166 1120-1126 Species denotes people Tax:9606
167 1216-1222 Species denotes People Tax:9606
168 1272-1282 Species denotes outpatient Tax:9606
169 1347-1355 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
172 1500-1506 Species denotes people Tax:9606
173 1623-1631 Disease denotes COVID‐19 MESH:C000657245
176 1771-1779 Disease denotes COVID‐19 MESH:C000657245
177 1784-1802 Disease denotes COVID‐19 pneumonia MESH:C000657245
187 2060-2066 Species denotes people Tax:9606
188 2094-2100 Species denotes people Tax:9606
189 2191-2201 Species denotes outpatient Tax:9606
190 2240-2252 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
191 2005-2013 Disease denotes COVID‐19 MESH:C000657245
192 2018-2036 Disease denotes COVID‐19 pneumonia MESH:C000657245
193 2081-2089 Disease denotes COVID‐19 MESH:C000657245
194 2135-2143 Disease denotes COVID‐19 MESH:C000657245
195 2292-2300 Disease denotes COVID‐19 MESH:C000657245
202 2362-2374 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
203 2510-2520 Species denotes outpatient Tax:9606
204 2535-2547 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
205 2586-2598 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
206 2656-2664 Species denotes children Tax:9606
207 2730-2738 Disease denotes COVID‐19 MESH:C000657245
210 2857-2865 Disease denotes COVID‐19 MESH:C000657245
211 2871-2889 Disease denotes COVID‐19 pneumonia MESH:C000657245
228 2990-3002 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
229 3164-3170 Species denotes people Tax:9606
230 3008-3016 Disease denotes COVID‐19 MESH:C000657245
231 3031-3036 Disease denotes cough MESH:D003371
232 3038-3049 Disease denotes sore throat MESH:D010608
233 3079-3089 Disease denotes joint pain MESH:D018771
234 3091-3098 Disease denotes fatigue MESH:D005221
235 3103-3111 Disease denotes headache MESH:D006261
236 3122-3127 Disease denotes cough MESH:D003371
237 3132-3143 Disease denotes sore throat MESH:D010608
238 3179-3187 Disease denotes COVID‐19 MESH:C000657245
239 3245-3253 Disease denotes COVID‐19 MESH:C000657245
240 3283-3293 Disease denotes joint pain MESH:D018771
241 3295-3302 Disease denotes fatigue MESH:D005221
242 3308-3316 Disease denotes headache MESH:D006261
243 3358-3366 Disease denotes COVID‐19 MESH:C000657245
245 3535-3547 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
250 3687-3697 Species denotes outpatient Tax:9606
251 3800-3808 Species denotes children Tax:9606
252 3887-3895 Disease denotes COVID‐19 MESH:C000657245
253 3908-3926 Disease denotes COVID‐19 pneumonia MESH:C000657245
255 4029-4037 Disease denotes COVID‐19 MESH:C000657245
257 4384-4392 Species denotes children Tax:9606