PMC:7386785 / 51804-59505
Annnotations
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | fma_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T51 | 3071-3077 | Body_part | denotes | throat | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma228738 |
T52 | 3813-3818 | Body_part | denotes | chest | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576 |
T53 | 4253-4259 | Body_part | denotes | throat | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma228738 |
T54 | 5523-5529 | Body_part | denotes | throat | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma228738 |
T55 | 5534-5540 | Body_part | denotes | sputum | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma312401 |
LitCovid-PD-UBERON
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | uberon_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T34 | 3071-3077 | Body_part | denotes | throat | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000341 |
T35 | 3813-3818 | Body_part | denotes | chest | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443 |
T36 | 4253-4259 | Body_part | denotes | throat | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000341 |
T37 | 5523-5529 | Body_part | denotes | throat | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000341 |
T38 | 5534-5540 | Body_part | denotes | sputum | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007311 |
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | mondo_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T232 | 838-846 | Disease | denotes | COVID‐19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T233 | 847-856 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249 |
T234 | 969-977 | Disease | denotes | COVID‐19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T235 | 1120-1128 | Disease | denotes | COVID‐19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T236 | 1153-1161 | Disease | denotes | COVID‐19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T237 | 1162-1171 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249 |
T238 | 1498-1507 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
T239 | 3066-3077 | Disease | denotes | sore throat | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002258 |
T240 | 3632-3641 | Disease | denotes | diarrhoea | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001673 |
T241 | 4248-4259 | Disease | denotes | Sore throat | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002258 |
T242 | 4762-4770 | Disease | denotes | COVID‐19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T243 | 5001-5005 | Disease | denotes | SARS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T244 | 5518-5529 | Disease | denotes | sore throat | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002258 |
T245 | 5983-5991 | Disease | denotes | COVID‐19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T246 | 6088-6096 | Disease | denotes | COVID‐19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T247 | 6471-6479 | Disease | denotes | COVID‐19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T248 | 6774-6782 | Disease | denotes | COVID‐19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T249 | 6794-6802 | Disease | denotes | COVID‐19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T250 | 6803-6812 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249 |
T251 | 7013-7021 | Disease | denotes | COVID‐19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T252 | 7239-7247 | Disease | denotes | COVID‐19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T253 | 7425-7433 | Disease | denotes | COVID‐19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
LitCovid-PD-CLO
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T336 | 631-636 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | tests |
T337 | 1256-1257 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T338 | 1318-1328 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | testing as |
T339 | 1535-1536 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T340 | 1650-1651 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T341 | 1662-1663 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T342 | 1764-1766 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050509 | denotes | 27 |
T343 | 1952-1957 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | tests |
T344 | 2254-2256 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 | denotes | 11 |
T345 | 2915-2917 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 | denotes | 11 |
T346 | 3018-3023 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | tests |
T347 | 3025-3027 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050509 | denotes | 27 |
T348 | 3201-3203 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001302 | denotes | 34 |
T349 | 3424-3429 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | tests |
T350 | 3471-3473 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001313 | denotes | 36 |
T351 | 3622-3627 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | tests |
T352 | 3671-3673 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053794 | denotes | 41 |
T353 | 3810-3812 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001000 | denotes | 35 |
T354 | 3813-3818 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965 | denotes | chest |
T355 | 4211-4213 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054055 | denotes | 71 |
T356 | 4288-4290 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054055 | denotes | 71 |
T357 | 4392-4394 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001527 | denotes | 94 |
T358 | 4472-4474 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053799 | denotes | 45 |
T359 | 4554-4556 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001527 | denotes | 94 |
T360 | 4595-4597 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054055 | denotes | 71 |
T361 | 4670-4671 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T362 | 4745-4746 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T363 | 4819-4826 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | testing |
T364 | 4831-4832 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T365 | 5012-5019 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | testing |
T366 | 5257-5258 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T367 | 5300-5301 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T368 | 5340-5341 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T369 | 5682-5683 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T370 | 5684-5688 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | test |
T371 | 5718-5721 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
T73125 | 5722-5723 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T373 | 5854-5858 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | test |
T374 | 5860-5865 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | Tests |
T375 | 5904-5905 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T376 | 6020-6027 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | test is |
T377 | 6153-6156 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
T378 | 6157-6158 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T379 | 6218-6219 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T380 | 6686-6688 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 | denotes | 11 |
T381 | 6866-6870 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | test |
T382 | 6938-6942 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | test |
T383 | 6968-6972 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | test |
T384 | 7080-7081 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T385 | 7091-7095 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | test |
T386 | 7125-7126 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T387 | 7136-7140 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | test |
T388 | 7549-7550 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T389 | 7560-7564 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | test |
T390 | 7606-7607 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T391 | 7617-7621 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | test |
T392 | 7655-7659 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | test |
LitCovid-PD-HP
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | hp_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T116 | 847-856 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |
T117 | 1162-1171 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |
T118 | 3028-3033 | Phenotype | denotes | cough | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735 |
T119 | 3066-3077 | Phenotype | denotes | sore throat | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033050 |
T120 | 3154-3171 | Phenotype | denotes | nasal obstruction | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001742 |
T121 | 3204-3212 | Phenotype | denotes | dyspnoea | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002094 |
T122 | 3300-3313 | Phenotype | denotes | loss of taste | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000223 |
T123 | 3434-3441 | Phenotype | denotes | fatigue | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012378 |
T124 | 3474-3479 | Phenotype | denotes | fever | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945 |
T125 | 3512-3520 | Phenotype | denotes | headache | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002315 |
T126 | 3553-3560 | Phenotype | denotes | myalgia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0003326 |
T127 | 3564-3574 | Phenotype | denotes | arthralgia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002829 |
T128 | 3632-3641 | Phenotype | denotes | diarrhoea | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002014 |
T129 | 3674-3689 | Phenotype | denotes | nausea/vomiting | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002017 |
T130 | 3813-3828 | Phenotype | denotes | chest tightness | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031352 |
T131 | 4176-4181 | Phenotype | denotes | Cough | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735 |
T132 | 4248-4259 | Phenotype | denotes | Sore throat | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033050 |
T133 | 4325-4330 | Phenotype | denotes | Fever | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945 |
T134 | 4396-4403 | Phenotype | denotes | Myalgia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0003326 |
T135 | 4407-4417 | Phenotype | denotes | arthralgia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002829 |
T136 | 4484-4491 | Phenotype | denotes | Fatigue | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012378 |
T137 | 4558-4566 | Phenotype | denotes | Headache | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002315 |
T138 | 4636-4641 | Phenotype | denotes | fever | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945 |
T139 | 4735-4740 | Phenotype | denotes | fever | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945 |
T140 | 4887-4892 | Phenotype | denotes | fever | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945 |
T141 | 4940-4945 | Phenotype | denotes | cough | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735 |
T142 | 5375-5380 | Phenotype | denotes | fever | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945 |
T143 | 5382-5389 | Phenotype | denotes | myalgia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0003326 |
T144 | 5393-5403 | Phenotype | denotes | arthralgia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002829 |
T145 | 5405-5412 | Phenotype | denotes | fatigue | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012378 |
T146 | 5417-5425 | Phenotype | denotes | headache | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002315 |
T147 | 5511-5516 | Phenotype | denotes | cough | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735 |
T148 | 5518-5529 | Phenotype | denotes | sore throat | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033050 |
T149 | 6159-6164 | Phenotype | denotes | cough | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735 |
T150 | 6220-6225 | Phenotype | denotes | cough | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735 |
T151 | 6803-6812 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |
T152 | 7190-7195 | Phenotype | denotes | fever | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945 |
LitCovid-PD-GO-BP
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T26 | 3253-3267 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007608 | denotes | sense of smell |
T27 | 3308-3313 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050909 | denotes | taste |
LitCovid-sentences
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T473 | 0-8 | Sentence | denotes | Findings |
T474 | 9-80 | Sentence | denotes | The main characteristics of all included studies are listed in Table 3. |
T475 | 81-388 | Sentence | denotes | There were four studies in hospital inpatients (Ai 2020a; Chen X 2020; Yang 2020d; Zhao 2020a), seven studies in hospital outpatients (Cheng 2020a; Liang 2020; Nobel 2020; Peng 2020a; Song 2020b; Sun 2020a; Yan 2020a), and four studies in emergency departments (Feng 2020a; Tolia 2020; Wee 2020; Zhu 2020b). |
T476 | 389-690 | Sentence | denotes | The setting was not specified in one study (Rentsch 2020); in the 'Summary of findings' table, we classified this study setting as being hospital outpatient under the assumption that at that time in the pandemic (February 2020 to March 2020) tests were not commonly available outside hospital clinics. |
T477 | 691-758 | Sentence | denotes | There were no studies conducted in community primary care services. |
T478 | 759-1172 | Sentence | denotes | Seven studies assessed the accuracy of signs and symptoms for the diagnosis of COVID‐19 pneumonia (Ai 2020a; Chen X 2020; Cheng 2020a; Feng 2020a; Liang 2020; Yang 2020d; Zhao 2020a); the remaining studies had COVID‐19 disease as the target condition, with no further description of the severity, meaning some patients could have suffered from mild or moderate COVID‐19 disease and others from COVID‐19 pneumonia. |
T479 | 1173-1293 | Sentence | denotes | The distinction between these two target conditions was not always very clear, and a degree of overlap is to be assumed. |
T480 | 1294-1403 | Sentence | denotes | All studies used RT‐PCR testing as the reference standard, with some variation in the samples that were used. |
T481 | 1404-1483 | Sentence | denotes | In all, 7706 patients were included, the median number of participants was 134. |
T482 | 1484-1551 | Sentence | denotes | Prevalence of infection varied from 5% to 38% with a median of 17%. |
T483 | 1552-1746 | Sentence | denotes | There were no studies in children or elderly populations, except for Rentsch 2020, which included a cohort of a median age of 65.7 years old from the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System database. |
T484 | 1747-1908 | Sentence | denotes | We found data on 27 signs and symptoms, which fall into four different categories: systemic, respiratory, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular signs and symptoms. |
T485 | 1909-1998 | Sentence | denotes | There were no analyses for combinations of tests, only for individual signs and symptoms. |
T486 | 1999-2037 | Sentence | denotes | The results are summarised in Table 3. |
T487 | 2038-2366 | Sentence | denotes | Results for the cross‐sectional studies are presented in forest plots (Figure 4; Figure 5; Figure 6; Figure 7), and are plotted in ROC (receiver operating characteristic) space (Figure 8; Figure 9; Figure 10; Figure 11), results for the other studies are only listed in forest plots (Figure 12; Figure 13; Figure 14; Figure 15). |
T488 | 2367-2441 | Sentence | denotes | 4 Forest plot of respiratory signs and symptoms (cross‐sectional studies) |
T489 | 2442-2513 | Sentence | denotes | 5 Forest plot of systemic signs and symptoms (cross‐sectional studies) |
T490 | 2514-2593 | Sentence | denotes | 6 Forest plot of gastrointestinal signs and symptoms (cross‐sectional studies) |
T491 | 2594-2671 | Sentence | denotes | 7 Forest plot of cardiovascular signs and symptoms (cross‐sectional studies) |
T492 | 2672-2751 | Sentence | denotes | 8 Summary ROC plot of respiratory signs and symptoms (cross‐sectional studies) |
T493 | 2752-2828 | Sentence | denotes | 9 Summary ROC plot of systemic signs and symptoms (cross‐sectional studies) |
T494 | 2829-2914 | Sentence | denotes | 10 Summary ROC Plot of gastrointestinal signs and symptoms (cross‐sectional studies) |
T495 | 2915-2998 | Sentence | denotes | 11 Summary ROC plot of cardiovascular signs and symptoms (cross‐sectional studies) |
T496 | 2999-3024 | Sentence | denotes | 12 Forest plot of tests: |
T497 | 3025-3404 | Sentence | denotes | 27 cough (non‐cross‐sectional study), 28 sore throat (non‐cross‐sectional study), 29 rhinorrhoea (non‐cross‐sectional study), 30 nasal obstruction (non‐cross‐sectional study), 34 dyspnoea (non‐cross‐sectional study), 31 loss of sense of smell (non‐cross‐sectional study), 32 loss of taste (non‐cross‐sectional study), 33 positive auscultation findings (non‐cross‐sectional study) |
T498 | 3405-3430 | Sentence | denotes | 13 Forest plot of tests: |
T499 | 3431-3602 | Sentence | denotes | 37 fatigue (non‐cross‐sectional study), 36 fever (non‐cross‐sectional study), 39 headache (non‐cross‐sectional study), 38 myalgia or arthralgia (non‐cross‐sectional study) |
T500 | 3603-3628 | Sentence | denotes | 14 Forest plot of tests: |
T501 | 3629-3790 | Sentence | denotes | 40 diarrhoea (non‐cross‐sectional study), 41 nausea/vomiting (non‐cross‐sectional study), 42 gastrointestinal symptoms, not specified (non‐cross‐sectional study) |
T502 | 3791-3950 | Sentence | denotes | 15 Forest plot of 35 chest tightness (non‐cross‐sectional study) Overall, diagnostic accuracy of individual signs and symptoms is low, especially sensitivity. |
T503 | 3951-4054 | Sentence | denotes | In addition, results were highly variable across studies, making it difficult to draw firm conclusions. |
T504 | 4055-4175 | Sentence | denotes | Signs and symptoms for which sensitivity was reported above 50% in at least one cross‐sectional study are the following. |
T505 | 4176-4247 | Sentence | denotes | Cough: sensitivity between 43% and 71%, specificity between 14% and 54% |
T506 | 4248-4324 | Sentence | denotes | Sore throat: sensitivity between 5% and 71%, specificity between 55% and 80% |
T507 | 4325-4395 | Sentence | denotes | Fever: sensitivity between 7% and 91%, specificity between 16% and 94% |
T508 | 4396-4483 | Sentence | denotes | Myalgia or arthralgia: sensitivity between 19% and 86%, specificity between 45% and 91% |
T509 | 4484-4557 | Sentence | denotes | Fatigue: sensitivity between 10% and 57%, specificity between 60% and 94% |
T510 | 4558-4631 | Sentence | denotes | Headache: sensitivity between 3% and 71%, specificity between 78% and 98% |
T511 | 4632-4827 | Sentence | denotes | For fever, six of nine studies report a sensitivity of at least 80%, which is unsurprising considering fever was a key feature of COVID‐19 that was used in selecting patients for further testing. |
T512 | 4828-4919 | Sentence | denotes | As a result, most participants in these studies would have fever, both cases and non‐cases. |
T513 | 4920-5079 | Sentence | denotes | The same applies to cough, which was also listed as one of the main criteria for SARS‐CoV‐2 testing and may have contributed to inflated sensitivity estimates. |
T514 | 5080-5147 | Sentence | denotes | Specificity of at least 90% was achieved for 19 signs and symptoms. |
T515 | 5148-5351 | Sentence | denotes | In only four signs and symptoms did this go along with sensitivity of at least 50% which would correspond to a positive likelihood ratio of at least 5, a commonly used arbitrary definition of a red flag. |
T516 | 5352-5457 | Sentence | denotes | Using this definition, fever, myalgia or arthralgia, fatigue, or headache are to be considered red flags. |
T517 | 5458-5599 | Sentence | denotes | Strikingly, most of the respiratory symptoms such as cough, sore throat and sputum production are below the diagonal in ROC space (Figure 8). |
T518 | 5600-5859 | Sentence | denotes | The diagonal line in ROC space is where sensitivity equals 1‐specificity, meaning a test that is on the diagonal line has a positive likelihood ratio of 1 and is therefore not diagnostic because disease probability is left unchanged after conducting the test. |
T519 | 5860-6037 | Sentence | denotes | Tests that lie below the diagonal line have a positive likelihood ratio that is smaller than 1, meaning the probability of COVID‐19 disease decreases when this test is positive. |
T520 | 6038-6226 | Sentence | denotes | For example, in Sun 2020a, pretest probability of COVID‐19 is 6.9%; probability decreases to 6.4% when the patient has a cough and increases to 8.0% when the patient does not have a cough. |
T521 | 6227-6316 | Sentence | denotes | We hypothesise on the reason for this counterintuitive finding in the discussion section. |
T522 | 6317-6493 | Sentence | denotes | In contrast to respiratory features, systemic features are mostly above the diagonal line (Figure 9), suggesting that they do increase the probability of COVID‐19 when present. |
T523 | 6494-6690 | Sentence | denotes | Gastrointestinal symptoms and cardiovascular features are clustered in the bottom left corner or on the diagonal line suggesting that they have very little diagnostic value (Figure 10; Figure 11). |
T524 | 6691-6928 | Sentence | denotes | To further illustrate the systemic features' ability to either rule in or rule out COVID‐19 disease or COVID‐19 pneumonia, we constructed dumbbell plots showing pre‐ and post‐test probabilities for each feature in each study (Figure 16). |
T525 | 6929-7041 | Sentence | denotes | For each test, we have plotted the pre‐test probability, which is the prevalence of COVID‐19 disease (blue dot). |
T526 | 7042-7169 | Sentence | denotes | Probability then changes depending on a positive test result (red dot marked +) or a negative test result (green dot marked ‐). |
T527 | 7170-7475 | Sentence | denotes | The plot shows that fever, for example, increases the probability of COVID‐19 in two studies (Ai 2020a; Rentsch 2020), makes little to no difference in five studies (Feng 2020; Liang 2020; Peng 2020; Song 2020; Zhu 2020), and decreases the probability of COVID‐19 in two studies (Cheng 2020a; Tolia 2020). |
T528 | 7476-7650 | Sentence | denotes | 16 Dumbbell plot: this plot shows how disease probability changes after a positive test result (red dot with plus sign) or after a negative test (green dot with minus sign). |
T529 | 7651-7701 | Sentence | denotes | Pre‐test probability or prevalence is the blue dot |
LitCovid-PubTator
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | tao:has_database_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
888 | 405-418 | Species | denotes | not specified | Tax:32644 |
889 | 535-545 | Species | denotes | outpatient | Tax:9606 |
895 | 1069-1077 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
896 | 838-856 | Disease | denotes | COVID‐19 pneumonia | MESH:C000657245 |
897 | 969-977 | Disease | denotes | COVID‐19 | MESH:C000657245 |
898 | 1120-1128 | Disease | denotes | COVID‐19 | MESH:C000657245 |
899 | 1153-1171 | Disease | denotes | COVID‐19 pneumonia | MESH:C000657245 |
904 | 1417-1425 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
905 | 1462-1474 | Species | denotes | participants | Tax:9606 |
906 | 1577-1585 | Species | denotes | children | Tax:9606 |
907 | 1498-1507 | Disease | denotes | infection | MESH:D007239 |
913 | 3028-3033 | Disease | denotes | cough | MESH:D003371 |
914 | 3066-3077 | Disease | denotes | sore throat | MESH:D010608 |
915 | 3110-3121 | Disease | denotes | rhinorrhoea | |
916 | 3160-3171 | Disease | denotes | obstruction | MESH:D000402 |
917 | 3204-3212 | Disease | denotes | dyspnoea | MESH:D004417 |
923 | 3434-3441 | Disease | denotes | fatigue | MESH:D005221 |
924 | 3474-3479 | Disease | denotes | fever | MESH:D005334 |
925 | 3512-3520 | Disease | denotes | headache | MESH:D006261 |
926 | 3553-3560 | Disease | denotes | myalgia | MESH:D063806 |
927 | 3564-3574 | Disease | denotes | arthralgia | MESH:D018771 |
933 | 3749-3762 | Species | denotes | not specified | Tax:32644 |
934 | 3632-3641 | Disease | denotes | diarrhoea | MESH:D003967 |
935 | 3674-3680 | Disease | denotes | nausea | MESH:D009325 |
936 | 3681-3689 | Disease | denotes | vomiting | MESH:D014839 |
937 | 3722-3747 | Disease | denotes | gastrointestinal symptoms | MESH:D012817 |
939 | 3813-3828 | Disease | denotes | chest tightness | MESH:D002637 |
941 | 4176-4181 | Disease | denotes | Cough | MESH:D003371 |
943 | 4325-4330 | Disease | denotes | Fever | MESH:D005334 |
946 | 4396-4403 | Disease | denotes | Myalgia | MESH:D063806 |
947 | 4407-4417 | Disease | denotes | arthralgia | MESH:D018771 |
949 | 4484-4491 | Disease | denotes | Fatigue | MESH:D005221 |
951 | 4558-4566 | Disease | denotes | Headache | MESH:D006261 |
960 | 4798-4806 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
961 | 4846-4858 | Species | denotes | participants | Tax:9606 |
962 | 5001-5011 | Species | denotes | SARS‐CoV‐2 | Tax:2697049 |
963 | 4636-4641 | Disease | denotes | fever | MESH:D005334 |
964 | 4735-4740 | Disease | denotes | fever | MESH:D005334 |
965 | 4762-4770 | Disease | denotes | COVID‐19 | MESH:C000657245 |
966 | 4887-4892 | Disease | denotes | fever | MESH:D005334 |
967 | 4940-4945 | Disease | denotes | cough | MESH:D003371 |
974 | 5451-5456 | Species | denotes | flags | Tax:34205 |
975 | 5375-5380 | Disease | denotes | fever | MESH:D005334 |
976 | 5382-5389 | Disease | denotes | myalgia | MESH:D063806 |
977 | 5393-5403 | Disease | denotes | arthralgia | MESH:D018771 |
978 | 5405-5412 | Disease | denotes | fatigue | MESH:D005221 |
979 | 5417-5425 | Disease | denotes | headache | MESH:D006261 |
991 | 6145-6152 | Species | denotes | patient | Tax:9606 |
992 | 6196-6203 | Species | denotes | patient | Tax:9606 |
993 | 5482-5502 | Disease | denotes | respiratory symptoms | MESH:D012818 |
994 | 5511-5516 | Disease | denotes | cough | MESH:D003371 |
995 | 5518-5529 | Disease | denotes | sore throat | MESH:D010608 |
996 | 5983-5991 | Disease | denotes | COVID‐19 | MESH:C000657245 |
997 | 6088-6096 | Disease | denotes | COVID‐19 | MESH:C000657245 |
998 | 6159-6164 | Disease | denotes | cough | MESH:D003371 |
999 | 6220-6225 | Disease | denotes | cough | MESH:D003371 |
1000 | 6471-6479 | Disease | denotes | COVID‐19 | MESH:C000657245 |
1001 | 6494-6519 | Disease | denotes | Gastrointestinal symptoms | MESH:D012817 |
1008 | 6774-6782 | Disease | denotes | COVID‐19 | MESH:C000657245 |
1009 | 6794-6812 | Disease | denotes | COVID‐19 pneumonia | MESH:C000657245 |
1010 | 7013-7021 | Disease | denotes | COVID‐19 | MESH:C000657245 |
1011 | 7190-7195 | Disease | denotes | fever | MESH:D005334 |
1012 | 7239-7247 | Disease | denotes | COVID‐19 | MESH:C000657245 |
1013 | 7425-7433 | Disease | denotes | COVID‐19 | MESH:C000657245 |