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PMC:7376974 / 75353-93309 JSONTXT

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LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T337 21-34 Body_part denotes Immune System http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T338 157-170 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T339 213-220 Body_part denotes tissues http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9637
T340 226-230 Body_part denotes body http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma256135
T341 507-516 Body_part denotes cytokines http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050
T342 525-529 Body_part denotes IL-1 http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86583
T343 607-611 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T344 777-781 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T345 905-914 Body_part denotes cytokines http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050
T346 929-942 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T347 1077-1082 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T348 1180-1185 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T349 1537-1550 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T350 1623-1636 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T351 1706-1714 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T352 1778-1793 Body_part denotes dendritic cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma273565
T353 1788-1793 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T354 1797-1802 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T355 1822-1827 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T356 2081-2086 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T357 2179-2184 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T358 2222-2231 Body_part denotes cytokines http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050
T359 2418-2431 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T360 2811-2815 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T361 2963-2968 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T362 3284-3287 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T363 3491-3500 Body_part denotes cytokines http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050
T364 3543-3554 Body_part denotes neutrophils http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62860
T365 3858-3862 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T366 3863-3879 Body_part denotes epithelial cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66768
T367 3874-3879 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T368 3923-3927 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T369 3928-3944 Body_part denotes epithelial cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66768
T370 3939-3944 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T371 4110-4115 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T372 4486-4499 Body_part denotes cell membrane http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63841
T373 4486-4490 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T374 4555-4560 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T375 4641-4646 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T376 5273-5282 Body_part denotes cytokines http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050
T377 5477-5481 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T378 5886-5895 Body_part denotes cytokines http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050
T379 5906-5926 Body_part denotes alveolar macrophages http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma83023
T380 6067-6078 Body_part denotes amino acids http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82739
T381 6169-6180 Body_part denotes macrophages http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63261
T382 6245-6249 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T383 6284-6292 Body_part denotes cytokine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050
T384 6456-6469 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T385 6685-6690 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T386 6805-6810 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T387 7318-7331 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T388 7352-7360 Body_part denotes cytokine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050
T389 7374-7378 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T390 7600-7613 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T391 7712-7725 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T392 7747-7758 Body_part denotes lymphocytes http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62863
T393 7797-7802 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T394 8290-8298 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T395 8419-8427 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T396 8472-8485 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T397 8816-8829 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T398 8986-8993 Body_part denotes tissues http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9637
T399 9019-9026 Body_part denotes neurons http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma54527
T400 9154-9158 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T401 9207-9212 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T402 9383-9387 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T403 10103-10116 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T404 10785-10788 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T405 10847-10854 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T406 10945-10948 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T407 11046-11049 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T408 11205-11208 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T409 11255-11260 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T410 11292-11295 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T411 11368-11371 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T412 11385-11388 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T413 11400-11407 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T414 11479-11485 Body_part denotes kidney http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7203
T415 11486-11491 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T416 11650-11654 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T417 11807-11814 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T418 12175-12179 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T419 12213-12221 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T420 12238-12243 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T421 12551-12554 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T422 12567-12570 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T423 13289-13297 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T424 13677-13690 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T425 13793-13797 Body_part denotes foot http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9664
T426 13802-13807 Body_part denotes mouth http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma49184
T427 13986-13999 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T428 14470-14483 Body_part denotes glycoproteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T429 14778-14785 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T430 15026-15033 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T431 15539-15547 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T432 15564-15570 Body_part denotes cell’s http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T433 15571-15580 Body_part denotes endosomal http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67180
T434 15786-15799 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T435 16039-16047 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T436 16115-16122 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T437 16339-16347 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T438 16841-16848 Body_part denotes mannose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T439 17329-17342 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T440 17396-17400 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T441 17404-17408 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T442 17776-17780 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T443 17784-17788 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T16 21-34 Body_part denotes Immune System http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T17 157-170 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T18 929-942 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T19 1537-1550 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T20 1623-1636 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T21 2418-2431 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T22 3858-3862 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T23 3923-3927 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T24 6456-6469 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T25 7318-7331 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T26 7374-7378 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T27 7600-7613 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T28 7712-7725 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T29 8472-8485 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T30 8816-8829 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T31 9845-9849 Body_part denotes tail http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002415
T32 10103-10116 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T33 11479-11485 Body_part denotes kidney http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113
T34 13677-13690 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T35 13793-13797 Body_part denotes foot http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002387
T36 13802-13807 Body_part denotes mouth http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000165
T37 13986-13999 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T38 15786-15799 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T39 17329-17342 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405

LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
1376 525-530 Gene denotes IL-1β Gene:3552
1377 547-552 Gene denotes NLRP3 Gene:114548
1378 78-83 Species denotes human Tax:9606
1379 807-810 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
1380 414-423 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1381 851-860 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1382 956-965 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1383 1323-1338 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
1385 1644-1653 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1411 3188-3208 Gene denotes Toll-like receptor 7 Gene:51284
1412 3476-3481 Gene denotes TNF-α Gene:21926
1413 3486-3490 Gene denotes IL-6 Gene:16193
1414 3394-3398 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1415 3574-3579 Species denotes mouse Tax:10090
1416 3808-3812 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1417 4356-4407 Species denotes Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Tax:28344
1418 4409-4414 Species denotes PRRSV Tax:28344
1419 3381-3384 Species denotes RSV Tax:12814
1420 3527-3530 Species denotes RSV Tax:12814
1421 3639-3642 Species denotes RSV Tax:12814
1422 3412-3417 Chemical denotes AgNPs
1423 4280-4288 Chemical denotes graphene MESH:D006108
1424 4420-4428 Chemical denotes GO-AgNPs
1425 1977-1986 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1426 2072-2080 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
1427 2244-2256 Disease denotes inflammation MESH:D007249
1428 2374-2383 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1429 2577-2586 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1430 2746-2755 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1431 3385-3393 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
1432 3799-3807 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
1433 3839-3854 Disease denotes virus infection MESH:D001102
1434 3914-3922 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
1435 4101-4109 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
1445 4898-4903 Species denotes PRRSV Tax:28344
1446 5673-5682 Species denotes zebrafish Tax:7955
1447 4890-4893 Species denotes RSV Tax:12814
1448 5065-5068 Species denotes RSV Tax:12814
1449 5166-5169 Species denotes RSV Tax:12814
1450 4860-4863 Chemical denotes CDs
1451 5529-5541 Chemical denotes isoprinosine MESH:D007542
1452 5317-5326 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1453 5342-5364 Disease denotes pulmonary inflammation MESH:D011014
1461 6137-6142 Gene denotes TNF-α Gene:7124
1462 6293-6298 Gene denotes TNF-α Gene:7124
1463 5899-5905 Species denotes bovine Tax:9913
1464 5811-5821 Chemical denotes Fullerenes MESH:D037741
1465 6315-6324 Chemical denotes fullerene MESH:D037741
1466 6250-6258 Disease denotes toxicity MESH:D064420
1467 6159-6168 CellLine denotes RAW 264.7 CVCL:0493
1479 6881-6891 Species denotes SARS-Cov-2 Tax:2697049
1480 6911-6921 Chemical denotes fullerenes MESH:D037741
1481 7399-7402 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
1482 6587-6596 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1483 6774-6786 Disease denotes inflammation MESH:D007249
1484 6977-6986 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1485 7058-7070 Disease denotes inflammation MESH:D007249
1486 7136-7145 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1487 7257-7266 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1488 7374-7391 Disease denotes lung inflammation MESH:D011014
1489 7441-7450 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1501 8948-8953 Species denotes HSV-2 Tax:10310
1502 9044-9048 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1503 9112-9117 Species denotes HSV-2 Tax:10310
1504 9278-9283 Species denotes HSV-2 Tax:10310
1505 8602-8614 Chemical denotes nanovaccines
1506 9462-9474 Chemical denotes nanovaccines
1507 7685-7701 Disease denotes viral infections MESH:D001102
1508 7835-7845 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
1509 7964-7974 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
1510 9035-9040 Disease denotes death MESH:D003643
1511 9305-9314 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1518 9630-9634 Species denotes Mice Tax:10090
1519 9671-9676 Species denotes HSV-2 Tax:10310
1520 9745-9749 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1521 9549-9575 Chemical denotes ZnO tetrapod nanoparticles
1522 9697-9702 Chemical denotes ZOTEN
1523 9734-9743 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1548 12255-12259 Gene denotes CD40 Gene:958
1549 12260-12264 Gene denotes IL-4 Gene:3565
1550 11205-11210 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
1551 11385-11390 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
1552 11463-11468 Species denotes human Tax:9606
1553 10118-10128 Chemical denotes Fullerenes MESH:D037741
1554 10223-10232 Chemical denotes fullerene MESH:D037741
1555 10335-10357 Chemical denotes polyhydroxy fullerenes
1556 10366-10377 Chemical denotes fullerenols MESH:C108127
1557 10674-10685 Chemical denotes fullerenols MESH:C108127
1558 11113-11123 Chemical denotes Fullerenol MESH:C108127
1559 11212-11222 Chemical denotes fullerenol MESH:C108127
1560 11343-11353 Chemical denotes fullerenol MESH:C108127
1561 11673-11683 Chemical denotes fullerenol MESH:C108127
1562 11873-11884 Chemical denotes fullerenols MESH:C108127
1563 12076-12087 Chemical denotes pyrrolidine MESH:C032519
1564 12088-12097 Chemical denotes tris-acid
1565 12102-12112 Chemical denotes fullerenol MESH:C108127
1566 12131-12141 Chemical denotes fullerenol MESH:C108127
1567 10309-10315 Disease denotes cancer MESH:D009369
1568 10785-10817 Disease denotes HIV-1141 and hepatitis C viruses MESH:D006526
1569 11469-11485 Disease denotes embryonic kidney MESH:D007674
1570 11641-11649 Disease denotes memory T MESH:D008569
1571 11498-11504 CellLine denotes HEK293 CVCL:0045
1584 12555-12558 Gene denotes Env Gene:30816
1585 12641-12644 Gene denotes Env Gene:30816
1586 12716-12721 Gene denotes IFN-γ Gene:15978
1587 12692-12695 Gene denotes Env Gene:17276
1588 12778-12782 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1589 12347-12357 Chemical denotes fullerenol MESH:C108127
1590 12411-12421 Chemical denotes fullerenol MESH:C108127
1591 12468-12477 Chemical denotes fullerene MESH:D037741
1592 12513-12514 Chemical denotes C MESH:D002244
1593 12612-12622 Chemical denotes fullerenol MESH:C108127
1594 12658-12668 Chemical denotes fullerenol MESH:C108127
1595 12959-12969 Chemical denotes Fullerenol MESH:C108127
1614 14503-14516 Gene denotes neuraminidase Gene:4758
1615 13177-13188 Species denotes guinea pigs Tax:10141
1616 13248-13252 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1617 13318-13323 Species denotes swine Tax:9823
1618 13324-13359 Species denotes transmissible gastroenteritis virus Tax:11149
1619 13364-13368 Species denotes H7N9 Tax:333278
1620 13763-13767 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1621 13793-13821 Species denotes foot-and-mouth disease virus Tax:12110
1622 14747-14764 Species denotes influenza viruses Tax:11308
1623 14834-14849 Species denotes influenza virus Tax:11308
1624 14895-14912 Species denotes influenza viruses Tax:11308
1625 15104-15108 Species denotes Mice Tax:10090
1626 15233-15237 Species denotes H1N1 Tax:114727
1627 15507-15517 Species denotes SARS-Cov-2 Tax:2697049
1628 15624-15634 Species denotes SARS-Cov-2 Tax:2697049
1629 13369-13378 Species denotes influenza Tax:11320
1630 14440-14449 Species denotes influenza Tax:11320
1631 15274-15284 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
1634 16016-16024 Species denotes SARS-Cov Tax:694009
1635 16183-16187 Chemical denotes AuNP
1646 17224-17227 Gene denotes MPL Gene:4352
1647 16777-16781 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1648 16963-16967 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1649 17478-17482 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1650 17541-17545 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1651 16543-16560 Chemical denotes calcium phosphate MESH:C020243
1652 16820-16830 Chemical denotes iron oxide MESH:C000499
1653 16841-16848 Chemical denotes mannose MESH:D008358
1654 16869-16880 Disease denotes hepatitis B MESH:D006509
1655 17409-17418 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1659 17865-17869 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1660 17878-17883 Species denotes HSV-1 Tax:10298
1661 17684-17697 Chemical denotes CpGm adjuvant

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T203 414-423 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T204 851-860 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T205 956-965 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T206 1323-1338 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T207 1329-1338 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T208 1644-1653 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T209 1977-1986 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T210 2244-2256 Disease denotes inflammation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021166
T211 2374-2383 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T212 2577-2586 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T213 2746-2755 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T214 3672-3674 Disease denotes NM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008091|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0011603
T216 3829-3838 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T217 3839-3854 Disease denotes virus infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T218 3845-3854 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T219 4356-4401 Disease denotes Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0025494
T220 5317-5326 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T221 5352-5364 Disease denotes inflammation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021166
T222 6587-6596 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T223 6774-6786 Disease denotes inflammation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021166
T224 6881-6885 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T225 6977-6986 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T226 7058-7070 Disease denotes inflammation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021166
T227 7136-7145 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T228 7257-7266 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T229 7379-7391 Disease denotes inflammation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021166
T230 7441-7450 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T231 7501-7505 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T232 7685-7701 Disease denotes viral infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T233 7835-7845 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T234 7964-7974 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T235 8924-8938 Disease denotes herpes simplex http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004609
T236 9305-9314 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T237 9734-9743 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T238 10309-10315 Disease denotes cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004992
T239 10798-10809 Disease denotes hepatitis C http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005231
T240 10798-10807 Disease denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002251
T241 11769-11780 Disease denotes hepatitis C http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005231
T242 11769-11778 Disease denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002251
T243 13318-13353 Disease denotes swine transmissible gastroenteritis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0025420
T244 13338-13353 Disease denotes gastroenteritis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002269
T245 13369-13378 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T246 13793-13815 Disease denotes foot-and-mouth disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005765
T247 13802-13815 Disease denotes mouth disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006858
T248 14440-14449 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T249 14747-14756 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T250 14834-14843 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T251 14895-14904 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T252 15274-15284 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T253 15507-15511 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T254 15624-15628 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T255 16016-16020 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T256 16869-16880 Disease denotes hepatitis B http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005344
T257 16869-16878 Disease denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002251
T258 17311-17313 Disease denotes NM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008091|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0011603
T260 17409-17418 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T689 21-34 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes Immune System
T690 78-83 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T691 157-170 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T692 177-178 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T693 179-184 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T694 251-252 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T695 435-445 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T696 539-541 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T697 607-611 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T698 648-657 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activated
T699 777-781 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T700 874-884 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T701 929-942 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T702 1077-1082 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T703 1109-1114 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T704 1178-1185 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000236 denotes B cells
T705 1292-1293 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T706 1393-1403 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T707 1537-1550 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T708 1623-1636 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T709 1662-1667 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes Virus
T710 1735-1736 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T711 1767-1777 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activating
T712 1778-1793 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000451 denotes dendritic cells
T713 1795-1802 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000084 denotes T cells
T714 1820-1827 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000236 denotes B cells
T715 2036-2041 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes genes
T716 2081-2086 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T717 2179-2184 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T718 2275-2282 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T719 2418-2431 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T720 2432-2435 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T721 2782-2787 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T722 2811-2815 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T723 2963-2968 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T724 3048-3053 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes genes
T725 3295-3302 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T726 3531-3539 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T727 3574-3579 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007836 denotes mouse
T728 3599-3609 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T729 3643-3646 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T730 3721-3726 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T731 3839-3844 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T732 3858-3879 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000082 denotes lung epithelial cells
T733 3923-3944 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000082 denotes lung epithelial cells
T734 4110-4115 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T735 4402-4407 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T736 4452-4457 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T737 4486-4490 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T738 4491-4499 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membrane
T739 4555-4560 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T740 4641-4655 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0001034 denotes cells in vitro
T741 4732-4742 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T742 4816-4820 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001185 denotes 2018
T743 4917-4925 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activate
T744 5193-5201 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activate
T745 5332-5333 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T746 5477-5481 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T747 5583-5584 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T748 5657-5658 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T749 5673-5682 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_7955 denotes zebrafish
T750 5683-5689 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002548 denotes larvae
T751 5728-5729 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T752 5807-5810 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054061 denotes 132
T753 5931-5932 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T754 6245-6249 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T755 6302-6303 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T756 6456-6469 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T757 6685-6690 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T758 6805-6810 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T759 7197-7202 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T760 7318-7331 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T761 7374-7378 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T762 7374-7378 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T763 7458-7459 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T764 7506-7513 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T765 7600-7613 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T766 7671-7677 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes active
T767 7712-7725 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T768 7773-7778 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T769 7795-7802 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000236 denotes B cells
T770 8252-8259 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T771 8472-8485 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T772 8543-8546 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T773 8648-8649 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T774 8666-8671 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T775 8673-8678 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T776 8816-8829 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T777 8865-8868 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T778 8941-8946 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T779 9154-9158 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T780 9205-9212 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000084 denotes T cells
T781 9291-9292 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T782 9383-9387 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T783 9507-9508 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T784 9553-9561 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_32523 denotes tetrapod
T785 9627-9628 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T786 9845-9849 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002415 denotes tail
T787 10103-10116 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T788 10261-10266 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T789 10479-10484 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T790 10789-10793 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001044 denotes 1141
T791 10810-10817 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T792 10859-10866 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000018263 denotes peptide
T793 11187-11188 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T794 11255-11260 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T795 11329-11330 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T796 11463-11468 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T797 11469-11485 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000927 denotes embryonic kidney
T798 11486-11496 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0000031 denotes cells line
T799 11498-11504 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001230 denotes HEK293
T800 11586-11596 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T801 11619-11628 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signaling
T802 11648-11654 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000084 denotes T cell
T803 11714-11715 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T804 11735-11736 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T805 12020-12021 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T806 12146-12147 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T807 12173-12179 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000084 denotes T cell
T808 12198-12208 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T809 12236-12243 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000236 denotes B cells
T810 12391-12392 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T811 12523-12524 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes b
T812 13177-13188 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10141 denotes guinea pigs
T813 13354-13359 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T814 13659-13660 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T815 13677-13690 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T816 13742-13745 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T817 13802-13807 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000825 denotes mouth
T818 13816-13821 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T819 13960-13968 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T820 13986-13999 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T821 14030-14031 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T822 14062-14065 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001079 denotes 148
T823 14109-14110 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T824 14350-14351 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T825 14461-14469 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membrane
T826 14656-14659 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T827 14660-14661 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T828 14757-14764 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T829 14770-14771 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T830 14844-14849 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T831 14905-14912 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T832 14918-14919 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T833 14976-14979 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T834 15039-15040 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T835 15187-15188 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T836 15400-15401 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T837 15457-15460 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T838 15564-15570 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell’s
T839 15786-15799 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T840 16230-16231 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T841 16388-16389 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T842 16787-16788 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T843 16879-16880 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T844 16916-16924 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T845 17076-17077 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T846 17092-17095 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T847 17149-17154 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T848 17252-17260 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000018263 denotes peptides
T849 17329-17342 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T850 17396-17400 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T851 17404-17408 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T852 17429-17434 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T853 17597-17599 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T854 17612-17614 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T855 17716-17724 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000018263 denotes peptides
T856 17776-17780 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T857 17784-17788 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T858 17789-17794 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T71131 525-527 Chemical denotes IL http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072
T15477 536-538 Chemical denotes IL http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072
T384 711-719 Chemical denotes radicals http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26519
T17721 807-810 Chemical denotes ROS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523
T22493 1593-1603 Chemical denotes interferon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52999
T387 1605-1608 Chemical denotes IFN http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52999
T88589 1706-1714 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T40021 2013-2023 Chemical denotes interferon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52999
T81235 2479-2488 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T13527 3322-3331 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T2554 3486-3488 Chemical denotes IL http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072
T84200 3672-3674 Chemical denotes NM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141423
T87382 4230-4235 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T87861 4280-4288 Chemical denotes graphene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36973
T397 4316-4325 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T18062 4994-4998 Chemical denotes Gold http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29287
T5191 4999-5007 Chemical denotes nanorods http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50805
T4290 5120-5128 Chemical denotes nanorods http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50805
T401 5372-5376 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T71308 5377-5385 Chemical denotes carriers http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78059
T51626 5447-5451 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T57140 5559-5573 Chemical denotes antiviral drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36044
T6387 5559-5568 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T95983 5569-5573 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T83659 5597-5606 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T408 5644-5648 Chemical denotes CNTs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50594
T23287 5664-5668 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T410 5995-6004 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T18224 6047-6055 Chemical denotes hydroxyl http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29191|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_43176
T7099 6067-6078 Chemical denotes amino acids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33709
T95980 6067-6072 Chemical denotes amino http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46882
T43429 6073-6078 Chemical denotes acids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T416 6315-6324 Chemical denotes fullerene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T66276 6911-6921 Chemical denotes fullerenes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T418 7399-7402 Chemical denotes ROS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523
T7831 8290-8298 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T25105 8302-8310 Chemical denotes antigens http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T421 8419-8427 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T94550 8684-8697 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T83526 9050-9053 Chemical denotes ZnO http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36560
T42611 9193-9201 Chemical denotes antigens http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T49087 9414-9423 Chemical denotes adjuvants http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60809
T2482 9519-9527 Chemical denotes electron http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_10545
T84943 9549-9552 Chemical denotes ZnO http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36560
T28944 9562-9575 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T429 9833-9837 Chemical denotes base http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22695
T71869 10072-10080 Chemical denotes antigens http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T431 10152-10160 Chemical denotes carriers http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78059
T59578 10181-10186 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T70995 10190-10203 Chemical denotes nucleic acids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696
T36758 10198-10203 Chemical denotes acids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T435 10223-10232 Chemical denotes fullerene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T25943 10347-10357 Chemical denotes fullerenes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T92155 10414-10423 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T78537 10551-10559 Chemical denotes antigens http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T34519 10847-10854 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T78893 10859-10866 Chemical denotes peptide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16670
T2915 10901-10908 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T90179 10945-10948 Chemical denotes DNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991
T54242 11046-11049 Chemical denotes DNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991
T88871 11161-11170 Chemical denotes adjuvants http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60809
T5137 11292-11295 Chemical denotes DNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991
T33659 11368-11371 Chemical denotes DNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991
T83608 11400-11407 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T89684 11632-11640 Chemical denotes effector http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35224
T93600 11807-11814 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T32583 11818-11825 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T451 11888-11897 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T29983 12076-12087 Chemical denotes pyrrolidine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33135
T26531 12088-12092 Chemical denotes tris http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9754
T22588 12093-12097 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T20067 12260-12262 Chemical denotes IL http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072
T48471 12364-12372 Chemical denotes adjuvant http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60809
T3391 12468-12477 Chemical denotes fullerene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T16718 12515-12520 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T80645 12567-12570 Chemical denotes DNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991
T93663 12628-12631 Chemical denotes TEM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27919
T94403 12709-12714 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T39840 12716-12719 Chemical denotes IFN http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52999
T15260 12989-12996 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T465 13271-13279 Chemical denotes carriers http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78059
T10690 13289-13297 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T98587 13510-13517 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T89560 13542-13555 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T74794 13908-13915 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T54879 13916-13924 Chemical denotes carriers http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78059
T471 14186-14193 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T58098 14244-14256 Chemical denotes nanoparticle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T98344 14331-14338 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T74311 14470-14483 Chemical denotes glycoproteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T73611 14540-14548 Chemical denotes antigens http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T10437 14642-14649 Chemical denotes epitope http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53000
T56763 14766-14768 Chemical denotes M2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_34827|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_51112
T27712 14778-14785 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T79982 15026-15033 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T1331 15089-15096 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T88129 15379-15388 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T82544 15539-15547 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T40834 15726-15739 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T485 15754-15762 Chemical denotes antigens http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T88591 16039-16047 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T53986 16061-16069 Chemical denotes antigens http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T27797 16115-16122 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T44734 16183-16187 Chemical denotes AuNP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50825
T86684 16277-16284 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T36176 16412-16419 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T492 16543-16560 Chemical denotes calcium phosphate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_77635|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9679
T38844 16543-16550 Chemical denotes calcium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22984|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29320
T68910 16551-16560 Chemical denotes phosphate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18367|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26020|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35780|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_43474
T46514 16561-16574 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T66653 16659-16666 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T99911 16728-16736 Chemical denotes antigens http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T81558 16820-16830 Chemical denotes iron oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50816|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50820
T4061 16820-16824 Chemical denotes iron http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18248
T45079 16825-16830 Chemical denotes oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25741|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29356
T14367 16841-16848 Chemical denotes mannose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37684
T81178 16879-16888 Chemical denotes B antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_139353
T5490 16881-16888 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T32474 17219-17223 Chemical denotes alum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74768
T15151 17235-17243 Chemical denotes adjuvant http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60809
T86371 17252-17260 Chemical denotes peptides http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16670
T514 17264-17272 Chemical denotes antigens http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T82326 17311-17313 Chemical denotes NM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141423
T7076 17689-17697 Chemical denotes adjuvant http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60809
T89486 17716-17724 Chemical denotes peptides http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16670
T84988 17728-17736 Chemical denotes antigens http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T140 260-275 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T141 637-647 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070269 denotes pyroptosis
T142 782-793 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045333 denotes respiration
T143 782-793 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007585 denotes respiration
T144 820-829 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097194 denotes apoptosis
T145 820-829 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006915 denotes apoptosis
T146 971-993 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045087 denotes innate immune response
T147 978-993 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T148 1010-1025 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T149 1043-1067 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002250 denotes adaptive immune response
T150 1052-1067 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T151 1254-1270 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune responses
T152 1323-1338 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T153 1418-1443 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002250 denotes adaptive immune responses
T154 1861-1883 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045087 denotes Innate Immune Response
T155 1868-1883 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes Immune Response
T156 1884-1906 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045087 denotes Innate immune response
T157 1891-1906 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T158 2134-2151 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T159 2134-2151 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T160 2244-2256 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T161 2340-2355 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T162 2605-2627 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045087 denotes innate immune response
T163 2612-2627 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T164 3163-3173 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0065007 denotes regulation
T165 3332-3347 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T166 3957-3974 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T167 3957-3974 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T168 3990-3999 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016236 denotes autophagy
T169 3990-3999 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006914 denotes autophagy
T170 4064-4089 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903901 denotes inhibit viral replication
T171 4072-4089 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T172 4072-4089 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T173 4196-4217 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammatory response
T174 4600-4613 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046755 denotes viral budding
T175 4606-4613 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007114 denotes budding
T176 4746-4761 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045087 denotes innate immunity
T177 4917-4952 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002218 denotes activate the innate immune response
T178 4930-4952 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045087 denotes innate immune response
T179 4937-4952 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T180 5034-5056 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045087 denotes innate immune response
T181 5041-5056 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T182 5352-5364 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T183 5746-5752 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098739 denotes uptake
T184 5746-5752 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098657 denotes uptake
T185 6146-6155 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046903 denotes secretion
T186 6337-6361 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002456 denotes cellular immune response
T187 6337-6361 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002449 denotes cellular immune response
T188 6337-6361 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002443 denotes cellular immune response
T189 6346-6361 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T190 6539-6554 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T191 6736-6751 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T192 6774-6786 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T193 7058-7070 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T194 7379-7391 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T195 7516-7540 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002250 denotes Adaptive Immune Response
T196 7541-7565 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002250 denotes Adaptive immune response
T197 7550-7565 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T198 7685-7701 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infections
T199 7788-7794 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007613 denotes memory
T200 9154-9167 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007155 denotes cell adhesion
T201 9605-9614 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006810 denotes transport
T202 9615-9624 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 denotes synthesis
T203 10918-10943 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002250 denotes adaptive immune responses
T204 11619-11628 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0023052 denotes signaling
T205 11641-11647 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007613 denotes memory
T206 11655-11670 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T207 12044-12068 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002250 denotes acquired immune response
T208 12053-12068 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T209 12213-12232 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002377 denotes antibody production
T210 14806-14813 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007114 denotes budding
T211 15344-15359 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T212 15488-15495 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007114 denotes budding

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T472 0-34 Sentence denotes Interaction with the Immune System
T473 35-171 Sentence denotes The vast majority of the studies show that human survival to viral attack is based on the stimulation and response of our immune system.
T474 172-321 Sentence denotes When a virus enters and starts infecting tissues, the body reacts and triggers a strong immune response to overcome the pathogen invasion and spread.
T475 322-381 Sentence denotes Normally, two different immunological reactions take place.
T476 382-1069 Sentence denotes The oxidative stress induced by infection causes the activation of the inflammasome through upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, pro-IL-18, and NLRP3.122 Excessive upregulation of this mechanism leads to cell damage and eventually to pyroptosis activated by caspases.122 It was also shown that generation of radicals is able to depolarize mitochondria, hence affecting host cell respiration and inducing ROS-mediated apoptosis at the late stage of infection.123 Besides, activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines can alert the immune system blocking the infection (the innate immune response).122 The second immune response is specific (the adaptive immune response).
T477 1070-1205 Sentence denotes Immune cells are trained to attack the virus (cellular response), while specific antibodies are produced by B cells (humoral response).
T478 1206-1339 Sentence denotes In the last years, HNMs were proved to tune the immune responses, demonstrating to be a possible alternative against viral infection.
T479 1340-1484 Sentence denotes In this section the most relevant strategies for the activation of innate and adaptive immune responses using NMs will be described (Figure 14).
T480 1485-1551 Sentence denotes Figure 14 Illustration of HNM interaction with the immune system.
T481 1552-1654 Sentence denotes Left: HNMs can enhance the production of interferon (IFN) alerting the immune system of the infection.
T482 1655-1661 Sentence denotes Right:
T483 1662-1859 Sentence denotes Virus-mimicking particles composed of viral proteins and HNMs can induce a strong immunological response activating dendritic cells, T cells, and stimulating B cells to produce specific antibodies.
T484 1861-1883 Sentence denotes Innate Immune Response
T485 1884-1987 Sentence denotes Innate immune response is the first response that takes place in the presence of any type of infection.
T486 1988-2384 Sentence denotes During this early stage, interferon stimulating genes (ISGs) are upregulated in the infected cells.125 This self-defense mechanism slows down the viral replication and alerts sentinel immune cells that start producing proinflammatory cytokines and trigger inflammation.125 However, many viruses are able to escape this complex mechanism, retarding the immune response and spreading the infection.
T487 2385-2463 Sentence denotes The interaction of HNMs with the immune system has been more and more studied.
T488 2464-2628 Sentence denotes In the case of antiviral HNMs, many examples can be found in the literature where the NMs not only slow down the infection but also tune the innate immune response.
T489 2629-2686 Sentence denotes Certain HMNs can display an intrinsic immune stimulation.
T490 2687-2969 Sentence denotes We have already mentioned above that in the early stage of infection, AgNPs mainly prevent the virus from entering the host cell through the interaction with the external capsid, but in vitro cellular experiments lack to understand the complex interaction with primary immune cells.
T491 2970-3174 Sentence denotes Recent studies have shown that AgNPs can potentially induce the expression of genes involved in innate and adaptive immunity-associated pathways, which are known to play crucial role in immune regulation.
T492 3175-3813 Sentence denotes For example, Toll-like receptor 7 can be upregulated by AgNPs after 24 h, by recognizing the single-stranded RNA of the viruses and regulating the antiviral immune response.126 Another study showed that in RSV-infected mice treated with AgNPs, the particles reduced the production of pro-inflammatory TNF-α and IL-6 cytokines, but potentiated the anti-RSV activity of neutrophils in an experimental mouse model.127 However, activation of AgNPs in the reduction of RSV has been noted only when the NM was intranasally inoculated together with the virus, and no results have been reported on the use of AgNPs administrated on infected mice.
T493 3814-4000 Sentence denotes In the case of influenza virus infection of lung epithelial cells, it was found that AgNPs targeted infected lung epithelial cells and reduced viral replication, by preventing autophagy.
T494 4001-4116 Sentence denotes However, the blockage of the autophagic flux by AgNPs does not inhibit viral replication in already infected cells.
T495 4117-4500 Sentence denotes Therefore, AgNPs are more suitable as viral preventive agents due to their pro-inflammatory response rather than drugs.128 More recently, AgNPs were combined with graphene materials and exploited as antiviral material for the treatment of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV).129 GO-AgNPs were able to clump the virus diminishing its fusion with cell membrane.
T496 4501-4671 Sentence denotes Additionally, once GO-AgNPs were internalized in host cells, they stimulated the ISGs that blocked viral budding and its diffusion to other cells in vitro (Figure 15).129
T497 4672-4762 Sentence denotes Figure 15 Scheme of the mechanism of action of GO-AgNPs on activation of innate immunity.
T498 4763-4805 Sentence denotes Reproduced with permission from ref (129).
T499 4806-4848 Sentence denotes Copyright 2018 American Chemistry Society.
T500 4849-5492 Sentence denotes Similarly, CDs used for the treatment of RSV and PRRSV were able to activate the innate immune response via an upregulation of ISGs in vitro.130 Gold nanorods were applied to boost the innate immune response against RSV in vivo.131 Interestingly, it was shown that these nanorods (when intranasally administered with RSV) were not only able to activate the ISGs but also to tune the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in the blocking of the infection with a reduced pulmonary inflammation.131 As drug carriers, HNMs can also affect the internalization pathways, modulate drug efficacy, and the immune cell responses.
T501 5493-5810 Sentence denotes For instance, it was found that the isoprinosine immunomodulatory antiviral drug displays a much higher antiviral efficacy in vivo when delivered with CNTs than as a pure drug (in zebrafish larvae food administration), probably due to a better cellular uptake and the anti-inflammatory properties of the nanotubes.132
T502 5811-6259 Sentence denotes Fullerenes also exhibit immunomodulation properties through the release of cytokines by bovine alveolar macrophages.133 A study explored the influence of functionalization of C60 with molecules presenting different surface charges like hydroxyl groups and amino acids.134 The study concluded that negative charges upregulated TNF-α up-secretion in RAW 264.7 macrophages, but highly positively or negatively charged surfaces increased cell toxicity.
T503 6260-6362 Sentence denotes The upregulation of the cytokine TNF-α is a proof that fullerene can promote cellular immune response.
T504 6363-6512 Sentence denotes Despite these preliminary results, the actual mechanisms of interaction between HNMs and the immune system are still at early stage of understanding.
T505 6513-6603 Sentence denotes We must consider that the immune response needs to be proportional to the infection grade.
T506 6604-6851 Sentence denotes If on one side nanosized immuno-boosters can alert more efficiently the sentinel cells, the use of HNMs that trigger an exaggerated immune response can promote excessive inflammation, damaging healthy cells and promoting uncontrolled side effects.
T507 6852-7071 Sentence denotes In the particular context of SARS-Cov-2, the use of AgNPs, fullerenes, or other pro-inflammatory HNMs at the middle and late infection stage may cause an aggravation of the symptoms due to already diffused inflammation.
T508 7072-7514 Sentence denotes In particular, most of the studies showed the ability to reduce infection when HNMs were first incubated with the pathogenic virus, thus limiting their potential use in the early stage infection.124 The formulation of HNMs able to both alert the immune system (e.g., upregulating cytokine) and control lung inflammation (e.g., ROS scavenger) even after the early stage infection may be a possible strategy for treatments against SARS viruses.
T509 7516-7540 Sentence denotes Adaptive Immune Response
T510 7541-7639 Sentence denotes Adaptive immune response is the specific response that the immune system exerts against pathogens.
T511 7640-8103 Sentence denotes This mechanism is particularly active toward viral infections where the immune system produces specialized lymphocytes (to fight the virus), called memory B cells (to be effective in case of new infections) and antibodies (corresponding to the humoral response).135 The stimulation of adaptive responses in case of specific infections can be induced artificially through the introduction of attenuated pathogens, stimulating the production of specific antibodies.
T512 8104-8512 Sentence denotes This is the principle of vaccination, which is the most common procedure for immunization of large areas of population against many kinds of lethal viruses.135 Besides, the use of viral proteins as antigens in the vaccine formulation leads to neutralizing antibodies, but, due to the low immunogenicity of isolated proteins, does not always stimulate sufficiently the immune system to reach total protection.
T513 8513-8616 Sentence denotes More recently, nanotechnology has been applied to develop more efficient vaccines (e.g., nanovaccines).
T514 8617-8947 Sentence denotes The use of nanostructures with a size similar to virus (virus-like nanoparticles) sensibly enhances the response helping to reach immunity.135 HNMs can adsorb viral particles and present them to the immune system.136,137 This method of vaccination has been successfully applied in vivo for the challenge of herpes simplex 2 virus.
T515 8948-9049 Sentence denotes HSV-2 starts its spreading in vaginal tissues and then diffuses to the neurons causing death in mice.
T516 9050-9246 Sentence denotes ZnO NPs (teardrop morphology), after vaginal inoculation with HSV-2, are able not only to prevent viral cell adhesion but also to expose viral antigens to T cells and DCs, leading to immunization.
T517 9247-9331 Sentence denotes The preclinical trials against HSV-2 showed a survival to infection higher than 90%.
T518 9332-9494 Sentence denotes This approach highlights the possibility to couple cell mimicking NMs to other co-adjuvants for the formulation of large spectrum nanovaccines (Figure 16).136,137
T519 9495-9850 Sentence denotes Figure 16 (A) Scanning electron microscopy images of ZnO tetrapod nanoparticles (ZOTEN) synthesized by flame transport synthesis. (B) Mice were challenged intravaginally with HSV-2 333 with or without ZOTEN. (C) To monitor progression of infection, mice were observed daily for the development of lesions around the vaginal opening, and base of the tail.
T520 9851-9918 Sentence denotes Representative images from three independent experiments are shown.
T521 9919-9961 Sentence denotes Reproduced with permission from ref (137).
T522 9962-10024 Sentence denotes Copyright 2016 the American Association of Immunologists, Inc.
T523 10025-10117 Sentence denotes HNMs have been also applied to the delivery of antigens, exposing them to the immune system.
T524 10118-10747 Sentence denotes Fullerenes were found as suitable carriers for the delivery of drugs or nucleic acids.138 Functionalized fullerene can also self-assemble into virus-sized NPs.139 Investigated as vaccines in cancer immune therapy,140 polyhydroxy fullerenes (called fullerenols) display interesting properties for antiviral therapy, based on their capacity to self-assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs) and so to enhance the immunogenicity of the antigens.141 The great advantage of this strategy relies on the easy encapsulation process during the self-assembly making fullerenols versatile for the formulation of different kinds of vaccines.
T525 10748-11171 Sentence denotes These VLPs were investigated against HIV-1141 and hepatitis C viruses.142 Compared to conventional protein- or peptide-based vaccines intended to induce antigen-specific adaptive immune responses, DNA vaccines are more stable, cost-effective, easy to manufacture, and safe in handling.143 However, DNA vaccines have the disadvantage of being poorly immunogenic.144 Fullerenol VLPs allow to avoid the use of other adjuvants.
T526 11172-11309 Sentence denotes In the case of a vaccine against HIV-1, fullerenol VLPs penetrated easily into the cells resulting in an enhancement of DNA transfection.
T527 11310-11540 Sentence denotes This was proved in a study using fullerenol encapsulating DNA encoding the HIV-1 envelope protein gp145 (Figure 17).141In vitro assays were performed in human embryonic kidney cells line (HEK293) showing good transfection ability.
T528 11541-11734 Sentence denotes Following various immunization routes (e.g., activation of Toll-like receptor signaling or effector memory T cell immune response), fullerenol VLPs can induce an innate and a cellular immunity.
T529 11735-11907 Sentence denotes A similar study was performed for hepatitis C using the HCV recombinant protein as antigen,142 confirming the potential efficacy of using fullerenols as antiviral vaccines.
T530 11908-11979 Sentence denotes Nevertheless, these results require further mechanistic investigations.
T531 11980-12277 Sentence denotes Indeed, in vitro studies also evidenced a suppressive effect of acquired immune response of C60 pyrrolidine tris-acid and fullerenol C60(OH)36.145 The fullerenol had a dose-dependent effect on T cell receptor-mediated activation and antibody production by B cells under anti-CD40/IL-4 stimulation.
T532 12278-12328 Sentence denotes However, the molecular mechanism is still unknown.
T533 12329-12958 Sentence denotes Figure 17 Use of fullerenol as co-adjuvant for vaccination. (a) The structure of fullerenol, red balls represent O and white for H on the fullerene surface, and green balls represent C atoms. (b) The schematic diagram of HIV Env plasmid DNA encapsulated during the self-assembly of fullerenol. (c) TEM image of Env entrapped by fullerenol. (d) Compared to naked Env immunization group, IFN-γ production (immunospot) was significantly enhanced when mice were immunized with the formulation via various immunization routes, including intradermal (i.d.), intramuscular (i.m.), subcutaneous (s.c.), and intranasal (i.n.) injections.
T534 12959-13035 Sentence denotes Fullerenol could decrease the antigen dosage (e) and immunization times (f).
T535 13036-13078 Sentence denotes Reproduced with permission from ref (141).
T536 13079-13117 Sentence denotes Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
T537 13118-13556 Sentence denotes Other HNMs including AuNPs (two subcutaneous injections in guinea pigs) and nanodiamonds (three subcutaneous injections in Balb/C mice) were explored as carriers of viral proteins for immunization of swine transmissible gastroenteritis virus and H7N9 influenza, respectively, with good preliminary results.146,147 In these cases, the vaccine formulation relies on the adsorption of the viral antigen onto the surface of the nanoparticles.
T538 13557-13618 Sentence denotes However, an effective vaccination depends on several factors.
T539 13619-13691 Sentence denotes First of all, the size of the NPs plays a key role on the immune system.
T540 13692-13925 Sentence denotes For instance, size-dependent vaccination efficacy has been reported in mice immunization against the foot-and-mouth disease virus (intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injection, every 7 days for 7 weeks) using AuNPs as antigen carriers.
T541 13926-14147 Sentence denotes In this study, the most effective activity to stimulate the immune system was exerted by particles with a diameter in the range of 8 nm.148 Both smaller or bigger particles evidenced a drop-off of the immunization effect.
T542 14148-14317 Sentence denotes This aspect cannot be ascribed to the antigen concentration, but must be associated only to the nanoparticle size; however, the mechanism of interaction remains unknown.
T543 14318-14410 Sentence denotes The selected antigen plays also a crucial role in the preparation of wide spectrum vaccines.
T544 14411-14549 Sentence denotes For instance, in the case of influenza, two major membrane glycoproteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, are generally used as antigens.
T545 14550-14765 Sentence denotes However, the antibodies produced by this vaccination strategy are selective to the dominant epitope which has a low effectiveness or is totally ineffective against other epitopes or other kinds of influenza viruses.
T546 14766-14972 Sentence denotes M2 (a viral protein responsible for the budding and scission of the influenza virus) is commonly expressed in different types of influenza viruses with a high rate of conservation but with low antigenicity.
T547 14973-15103 Sentence denotes It has been shown that AuNPs functionalized with M2e protein have a high immunization capacity in comparison to the antigen alone.
T548 15104-15438 Sentence denotes Mice immunized with AuNPs (two intranasal injections), and then challenged, showed a survival rate higher than 90% to California-H1N1pdm, Victoria-H3N2, and Vietnam-H5N1 infections.149 This strategy shows that HNMs can be used to boost the immune response of low immunogenic molecules, providing a wide spectrum vaccination potential.
T549 15439-15671 Sentence denotes Unfortunately, it has not been determined if the budding process in SARS-Cov-2 is mediated by viral proteins or via the host cell’s endosomal sorting complex, thus more research on the SARS-Cov-2 viral machinery is highly desirable.
T550 15672-15886 Sentence denotes All these approaches are based on the capacity of the nanoparticles to adsorb the antigens and expose them to the immune system in the appropriate conformation to produce the neutralizing and protective antibodies.
T551 15887-15945 Sentence denotes However, the adsorption is not an easy process to control.
T552 15946-16196 Sentence denotes For instance, AuNPs have been ineffective in the immunization against SARS-Cov, when S viral proteins were used as antigens.150 In particular, the immunization with the protein alone was more efficient than when it was adsorbed onto the AuNP surface.
T553 16197-16351 Sentence denotes This failure was associated with a conformational change or denaturation of the antigen, which did not lead to the production of the specific antibody.150
T554 16352-17075 Sentence denotes Covalent chemistry strategies offer a higher control on the antigen quantification with higher reproducibility and possibility to bind different groups onto the surface of HNMs. For example, calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CaPNPs) were successfully covalently functionalized with Hen Egg lysozyme as model antigen showing an immunization 100 times higher in vivo compared to antigens alone using (one subdermal injection in mice).151 A similar approach was used with iron oxide NPs using mannose (to target DCs) and hepatitis B antigen showing good immunological activity in vitro (two subdermal injections in mice at 14 days distance).152 More recently, other types of vaccination strategies have been applied using HNMs.
T555 17076-17155 Sentence denotes A smart example has been reported using multifunctional CaPNPs on herpes virus.
T556 17156-17306 Sentence denotes In this study, CaPNPs have been covalently functionalized with alum/MPL as the adjuvant and two peptides as antigens selected via reverse vaccination.
T557 17307-17604 Sentence denotes The NM stimulated the immune system generating highly efficient antibodies able to block cell-to-cell infection of herpes virus in vivo (three intramuscular injections in mice every 14 days), increasing the survival rate of immunized mice to 100% against the controls (20% survival, Figure 18).153
T558 17605-17650 Sentence denotes Figure 18 Scheme of CaPNPs used for vaccine.
T559 17651-17656 Sentence denotes Left:
T560 17657-17737 Sentence denotes CaPNPs functionalized with CpGm adjuvant and two different peptides as antigens.
T561 17738-17748 Sentence denotes Top right:
T562 17749-17811 Sentence denotes CaPNPs were able to reduce cell-to-cell virus spread in vitro.
T563 17812-17825 Sentence denotes Bottom right:
T564 17826-17884 Sentence denotes CaP nanovaccines were able to immunize mice against HSV-1.
T565 17885-17927 Sentence denotes Reproduced with permission from ref (153).
T566 17928-17956 Sentence denotes Copyright 2019 Elsevier B.V.

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T23 386-402 Phenotype denotes oxidative stress http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0025464
T24 10309-10315 Phenotype denotes cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002664
T25 10798-10807 Phenotype denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012115
T26 11769-11778 Phenotype denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012115
T27 16869-16878 Phenotype denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012115

2_test

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
32667191-25428874-153378 2087-2090 25428874 denotes 125
32667191-25428874-153379 2257-2260 25428874 denotes 125
32667191-28958187-153380 3348-3351 28958187 denotes 126
32667191-29357226-153381 4236-4239 29357226 denotes 128
32667191-27381068-153382 5077-5080 27381068 denotes 131
32667191-27381068-153383 5365-5368 27381068 denotes 131
32667191-22755034-153384 6079-6082 22755034 denotes 134
32667191-32402576-153385 7267-7270 32402576 denotes 124
32667191-30633361-153386 7902-7905 30633361 denotes 135
32667191-30633361-153387 8260-8263 30633361 denotes 135
32667191-30633361-153388 8756-8759 30633361 denotes 135
32667191-30949169-153389 8830-8833 30949169 denotes 136
32667191-27183601-153390 8834-8837 27183601 denotes 137
32667191-30949169-153391 9487-9490 30949169 denotes 136
32667191-27183601-153392 9491-9494 27183601 denotes 137
32667191-27183601-153393 9956-9959 27183601 denotes 137
32667191-21897967-153394 10204-10207 21897967 denotes 138
32667191-25238620-153395 10331-10334 25238620 denotes 140
32667191-23963730-153396 10560-10563 23963730 denotes 141
32667191-23963730-153397 10789-10793 23963730 denotes 1141
32667191-11697222-153398 11109-11112 11697222 denotes 144
32667191-23963730-153399 11426-11429 23963730 denotes 141
32667191-27844462-153400 12123-12126 27844462 denotes 145
32667191-23963730-153401 13073-13076 23963730 denotes 141
32667191-30402771-153402 13424-13427 30402771 denotes 146
32667191-20400818-153403 14062-14065 20400818 denotes 148
32667191-28161578-153404 15285-15288 28161578 denotes 149
32667191-31692019-153405 16070-16073 31692019 denotes 150
32667191-31692019-153406 16348-16351 31692019 denotes 150
32667191-27593489-153407 16783-16786 27593489 denotes 151
32667191-31007088-153408 16989-16992 31007088 denotes 152
32667191-30594660-153409 17601-17604 30594660 denotes 153
32667191-30594660-153410 17922-17925 30594660 denotes 153