> top > docs > PMC:7376974 > spans > 1497-98993 > annotations

PMC:7376974 / 1497-98993 JSONTXT

Annnotations TAB JSON ListView MergeView

LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T3 975-978 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T4 2642-2647 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T5 2821-2829 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T6 3022-3027 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T7 3524-3529 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T8 3550-3563 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T9 3779-3784 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T10 3874-3879 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T11 4009-4013 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T12 4555-4558 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T13 5136-5143 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T14 5166-5170 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T15 5775-5780 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T16 5859-5871 Body_part denotes cell surface http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67653
T17 5859-5863 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T18 5970-5975 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T19 6101-6109 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T20 6177-6185 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T21 6214-6221 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T22 6247-6259 Body_part denotes cell surface http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67653
T23 6247-6251 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T24 6335-6343 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T25 6652-6657 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T26 6690-6702 Body_part denotes cell surface http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67653
T27 6690-6694 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T28 8049-8053 Body_part denotes body http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma256135
T29 8728-8733 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T30 8776-8780 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T31 8846-8851 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T32 8897-8904 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T33 8959-8972 Body_part denotes cell membrane http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63841
T34 8959-8963 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T35 9104-9112 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T36 9124-9132 Body_part denotes cysteine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82751
T37 9137-9147 Body_part denotes methionine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82759
T38 9329-9341 Body_part denotes glycoprotein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T39 9367-9372 Body_part denotes lipid http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67264
T40 9385-9388 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T41 9465-9470 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T42 9594-9597 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T43 9661-9664 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T44 10145-10147 Body_part denotes Ag http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma61898
T45 10441-10454 Body_part denotes glycoproteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T46 10574-10579 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T47 11294-11299 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T48 11350-11355 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T49 11401-11406 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T50 11681-11686 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T51 11752-11757 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T52 11965-11973 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T53 11999-12013 Body_part denotes cell membranes http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63841
T54 11999-12003 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T55 12123-12129 Body_part denotes genome http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116
T56 12505-12508 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T57 12568-12571 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T58 12742-12749 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T59 12844-12847 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T60 13007-13010 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T61 13088-13091 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T62 13294-13299 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T63 13372-13376 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T64 13600-13605 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T65 13683-13690 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T66 13707-13719 Body_part denotes glycoprotein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T67 14123-14131 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T68 14193-14198 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T69 14218-14221 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T70 14325-14328 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T71 14661-14664 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T72 14833-14841 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T73 15654-15658 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T74 15772-15780 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T75 15793-15806 Body_part denotes glycoproteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T76 15883-15885 Body_part denotes Ag http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma61898
T77 15932-15940 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T78 16862-16865 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T79 17053-17056 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T80 17219-17228 Body_part denotes G-protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma61788
T81 17634-17639 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T82 17727-17735 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T83 17740-17746 Body_part denotes sugars http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82737
T84 17769-17782 Body_part denotes glycoproteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T85 17839-17851 Body_part denotes glycoprotein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T86 17917-17922 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T87 18061-18064 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T88 18188-18195 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T89 18227-18236 Body_part denotes G-protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma61788
T90 18621-18635 Body_part denotes polysaccharide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82746
T91 18657-18661 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T92 18713-18727 Body_part denotes polysaccharide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82746
T93 18876-18880 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T94 19411-19424 Body_part denotes glycoproteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T95 19803-19808 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T96 19838-19843 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T97 19931-19944 Body_part denotes glycoproteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T98 19949-19964 Body_part denotes heparan sulfate http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63023
T99 19966-19968 Body_part denotes HS http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63023
T100 19973-19985 Body_part denotes cell surface http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67653
T101 19973-19977 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T102 20062-20064 Body_part denotes Ag http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma61898
T103 20099-20101 Body_part denotes HS http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63023
T104 20181-20186 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T105 20690-20695 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T106 21034-21050 Body_part denotes surface of cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67653
T107 21045-21050 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T108 21281-21283 Body_part denotes Ag http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma61898
T109 21291-21293 Body_part denotes Ag http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma61898
T110 21304-21306 Body_part denotes Ag http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma61898
T111 21718-21725 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T112 22886-22891 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T113 23049-23054 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T114 23151-23163 Body_part denotes glycoprotein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T115 23247-23252 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T116 23344-23351 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T117 23460-23468 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T118 24296-24304 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T119 24389-24394 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T120 25324-25337 Body_part denotes cell surfaces http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67653
T121 25324-25328 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T122 25455-25468 Body_part denotes cell surfaces http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67653
T123 25455-25459 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T124 25646-25653 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T125 26590-26593 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T126 28473-28476 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T127 28590-28593 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T128 29310-29318 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T129 30386-30391 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T130 30892-30897 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T131 31068-31073 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T132 31128-31133 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63083
T133 31646-31658 Body_part denotes cell surface http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67653
T134 31646-31650 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T135 31680-31682 Body_part denotes HS http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63023
T136 31817-31825 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T137 33683-33688 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T138 33915-33918 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T139 34179-34184 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T140 34256-34261 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T141 34485-34491 Body_part denotes tissue http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9637
T142 34646-34651 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T143 34653-34660 Body_part denotes Mannose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T144 34767-34772 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T145 34870-34877 Body_part denotes mannose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T146 34887-34901 Body_part denotes dendritic cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma273565
T147 34897-34901 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T148 34911-34915 Body_part denotes ICAM http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67857
T149 34929-34937 Body_part denotes integrin http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67222
T150 35010-35015 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T151 35056-35063 Body_part denotes mannose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T152 35297-35304 Body_part denotes mannose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T153 35771-35778 Body_part denotes mannose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T154 35964-35969 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T155 35971-35981 Body_part denotes lymphocyte http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62863
T156 36001-36006 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T157 36196-36203 Body_part denotes mannose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T158 36246-36253 Body_part denotes mannose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T159 36364-36371 Body_part denotes mannose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T160 36845-36852 Body_part denotes mannose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T161 36871-36876 Body_part denotes sugar http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82737
T162 36916-36923 Body_part denotes mannose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T163 37003-37010 Body_part denotes mannose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T164 37084-37091 Body_part denotes Mannose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T165 37146-37153 Body_part denotes mannose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T166 37209-37216 Body_part denotes mannose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T167 37244-37258 Body_part denotes monosaccharide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82741
T168 37311-37325 Body_part denotes monosaccharide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82741
T169 37392-37406 Body_part denotes monosaccharide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82741
T170 37479-37493 Body_part denotes monosaccharide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82741
T171 37557-37571 Body_part denotes monosaccharide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82741
T172 37623-37635 Body_part denotes disaccharide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82744
T173 37729-37741 Body_part denotes disaccharide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82744
T174 37831-37843 Body_part denotes disaccharide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82744
T175 37940-37954 Body_part denotes monosaccharide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82741
T176 38037-38051 Body_part denotes monosaccharide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82741
T177 38530-38538 Body_part denotes mannoses http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T178 38795-38808 Body_part denotes carbohydrates http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82737
T179 38930-38943 Body_part denotes carbohydrates http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82737
T180 39062-39074 Body_part denotes disaccharide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82744
T181 39607-39620 Body_part denotes disaccharides http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82744
T182 39646-39658 Body_part denotes disaccharide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82744
T183 39769-39781 Body_part denotes disaccharide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82744
T184 39966-39971 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T185 40510-40518 Body_part denotes mannoses http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T186 40545-40557 Body_part denotes carbohydrate http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82737
T187 40661-40669 Body_part denotes mannoses http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T188 40688-40696 Body_part denotes mannoses http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T189 41075-41080 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T190 41225-41232 Body_part denotes mannose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T191 41571-41576 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T192 41804-41809 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T193 41870-41875 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T194 41927-41931 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T195 42197-42201 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T196 42854-42857 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T197 44306-44310 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T198 45768-45771 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T199 46056-46059 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T200 46206-46210 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T201 46263-46267 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T202 46561-46566 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T203 46672-46677 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T204 47212-47218 Body_part denotes tissue http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9637
T205 47375-47380 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T206 47562-47570 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T207 48247-48254 Body_part denotes tissues http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9637
T208 49500-49512 Body_part denotes cell surface http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67653
T209 49500-49504 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T210 49801-49803 Body_part denotes HS http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63023
T211 49989-49991 Body_part denotes HS http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63023
T212 50109-50117 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T213 50807-50811 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T214 51072-51079 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T215 51092-51097 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670
T216 51613-51618 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T217 51647-51655 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T218 51728-51756 Body_part denotes heparan sulfate proteoglycan http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82834
T219 51758-51762 Body_part denotes HSPG http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82834
T220 51847-51851 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T221 51881-51884 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T222 52043-52047 Body_part denotes HSPG http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82834
T223 52097-52101 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T224 52270-52272 Body_part denotes HS http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63023
T225 52362-52366 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T226 52370-52374 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T227 52662-52666 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T228 53151-53155 Body_part denotes HSPG http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82834
T229 53942-53949 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T230 53950-53957 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T231 54174-54182 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T232 54406-54413 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T233 54501-54508 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T234 54786-54790 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T235 56201-56216 Body_part denotes heparan sulfate http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63023
T236 56300-56305 Body_part denotes Cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T237 56379-56383 Body_part denotes body http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma256135
T238 56461-56465 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T239 56654-56659 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T240 56962-56965 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T241 56979-56982 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T242 57017-57020 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T243 57047-57050 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T244 57122-57125 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T245 57836-57841 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T246 57893-57897 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T247 58088-58092 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T248 58255-58259 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T249 58612-58616 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T250 58700-58705 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T251 58759-58763 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T252 58865-58873 Body_part denotes testicle http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7210
T253 58874-58879 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T254 59031-59035 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T255 59520-59525 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T256 59715-59717 Body_part denotes Ag http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma61898
T257 59862-59866 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T258 60091-60099 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T259 60132-60136 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T260 60148-60151 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T261 60296-60309 Body_part denotes cell membrane http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63841
T262 60296-60300 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T263 60336-60345 Body_part denotes cytoplasm http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66835
T264 60674-60677 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T265 60754-60757 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T266 60825-60828 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T267 60839-60842 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T268 60912-60915 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T269 60951-60959 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T270 60980-60983 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T271 61089-61092 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T272 61338-61341 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T273 61478-61481 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T274 61582-61585 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T275 61592-61595 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T276 61874-61884 Body_part denotes amino acid http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82739
T277 61997-62000 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T278 62115-62125 Body_part denotes amino acid http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82739
T279 62195-62198 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T280 62222-62225 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T281 62306-62309 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T282 62492-62496 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T283 62555-62558 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T284 62565-62568 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T285 62619-62622 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T286 63055-63062 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T287 63148-63151 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T288 63203-63206 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T289 63238-63248 Body_part denotes amino acid http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82739
T290 63297-63300 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T291 63869-63872 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T292 64063-64077 Body_part denotes cell membranes http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63841
T293 64063-64067 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T294 64147-64151 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T295 64344-64347 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T296 64585-64590 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T297 64686-64691 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T298 65024-65027 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T299 65185-65189 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T300 65383-65386 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T301 65725-65728 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T302 66102-66109 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T303 66858-66861 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T304 66976-66981 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T305 67065-67070 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T306 67130-67133 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T307 67179-67183 Body_part denotes mRNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67122
T308 67487-67492 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T309 67771-67775 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T310 68118-68123 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T311 68150-68153 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T312 68158-68161 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T313 68269-68273 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T314 68444-68447 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T315 68494-68499 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T316 68566-68570 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T317 68574-68578 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T318 68830-68835 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T319 69061-69066 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T320 69198-69215 Body_part denotes cell compartments http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma223408
T321 69198-69202 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T322 69203-69215 Body_part denotes compartments http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma76577
T323 69428-69436 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T324 70211-70228 Body_part denotes cell compartments http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma223408
T325 70211-70215 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T326 70216-70228 Body_part denotes compartments http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma76577
T327 70292-70296 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T328 70415-70420 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T329 70685-70688 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T330 71337-71342 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T331 71420-71424 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T332 71553-71557 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T333 71753-71758 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T334 72694-72702 Body_part denotes alveolar http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma264783
T335 73090-73094 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T336 73616-73629 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T337 73877-73890 Body_part denotes Immune System http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T338 74013-74026 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T339 74069-74076 Body_part denotes tissues http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9637
T340 74082-74086 Body_part denotes body http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma256135
T341 74363-74372 Body_part denotes cytokines http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050
T342 74381-74385 Body_part denotes IL-1 http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86583
T343 74463-74467 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T344 74633-74637 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T345 74761-74770 Body_part denotes cytokines http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050
T346 74785-74798 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T347 74933-74938 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T348 75036-75041 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T349 75393-75406 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T350 75479-75492 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T351 75562-75570 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T352 75634-75649 Body_part denotes dendritic cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma273565
T353 75644-75649 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T354 75653-75658 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T355 75678-75683 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T356 75937-75942 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T357 76035-76040 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T358 76078-76087 Body_part denotes cytokines http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050
T359 76274-76287 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T360 76667-76671 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T361 76819-76824 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T362 77140-77143 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T363 77347-77356 Body_part denotes cytokines http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050
T364 77399-77410 Body_part denotes neutrophils http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62860
T365 77714-77718 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T366 77719-77735 Body_part denotes epithelial cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66768
T367 77730-77735 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T368 77779-77783 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T369 77784-77800 Body_part denotes epithelial cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66768
T370 77795-77800 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T371 77966-77971 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T372 78342-78355 Body_part denotes cell membrane http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63841
T373 78342-78346 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T374 78411-78416 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T375 78497-78502 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T376 79129-79138 Body_part denotes cytokines http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050
T377 79333-79337 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T378 79742-79751 Body_part denotes cytokines http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050
T379 79762-79782 Body_part denotes alveolar macrophages http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma83023
T380 79923-79934 Body_part denotes amino acids http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82739
T381 80025-80036 Body_part denotes macrophages http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63261
T382 80101-80105 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T383 80140-80148 Body_part denotes cytokine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050
T384 80312-80325 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T385 80541-80546 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T386 80661-80666 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T387 81174-81187 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T388 81208-81216 Body_part denotes cytokine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050
T389 81230-81234 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T390 81456-81469 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T391 81568-81581 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T392 81603-81614 Body_part denotes lymphocytes http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62863
T393 81653-81658 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T394 82146-82154 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T395 82275-82283 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T396 82328-82341 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T397 82672-82685 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T398 82842-82849 Body_part denotes tissues http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9637
T399 82875-82882 Body_part denotes neurons http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma54527
T400 83010-83014 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T401 83063-83068 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T402 83239-83243 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T403 83959-83972 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T404 84641-84644 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T405 84703-84710 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T406 84801-84804 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T407 84902-84905 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T408 85061-85064 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T409 85111-85116 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T410 85148-85151 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T411 85224-85227 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T412 85241-85244 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T413 85256-85263 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T414 85335-85341 Body_part denotes kidney http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7203
T415 85342-85347 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T416 85506-85510 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T417 85663-85670 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T418 86031-86035 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T419 86069-86077 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T420 86094-86099 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T421 86407-86410 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T422 86423-86426 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T423 87145-87153 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T424 87533-87546 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T425 87649-87653 Body_part denotes foot http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9664
T426 87658-87663 Body_part denotes mouth http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma49184
T427 87842-87855 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T428 88326-88339 Body_part denotes glycoproteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T429 88634-88641 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T430 88882-88889 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T431 89395-89403 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T432 89420-89426 Body_part denotes cell’s http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T433 89427-89436 Body_part denotes endosomal http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67180
T434 89642-89655 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T435 89895-89903 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T436 89971-89978 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T437 90195-90203 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T438 90697-90704 Body_part denotes mannose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T439 91185-91198 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T440 91252-91256 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T441 91260-91264 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T442 91632-91636 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T443 91640-91644 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T444 91926-91929 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T445 93174-93186 Body_part denotes cell surface http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67653
T446 93174-93178 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T447 94084-94089 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T448 94150-94155 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T449 94440-94445 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T450 94482-94486 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T451 94685-94694 Body_part denotes cytokines http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050
T452 94727-94732 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T453 94756-94769 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T454 95630-95636 Body_part denotes kidney http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7203
T455 95702-95710 Body_part denotes prostate http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9600
T456 96247-96260 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T457 96325-96338 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T458 96615-96625 Body_part denotes mast cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66784
T459 96620-96625 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T460 96683-96692 Body_part denotes histamine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma61806
T461 96810-96815 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T462 96969-96973 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T463 97037-97048 Body_part denotes lymph nodes http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma5034
T464 97037-97042 Body_part denotes lymph http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9671
T465 97069-97084 Body_part denotes dendritic cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma273565
T466 97079-97084 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T467 97089-97100 Body_part denotes macrophages http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63261
T468 97144-97168 Body_part denotes antigen presenting cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma273565
T469 97163-97168 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T470 97241-97246 Body_part denotes joint http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7490

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T1 3550-3563 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T2 31128-31133 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001977
T3 34485-34491 Body_part denotes tissue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000479
T4 41927-41931 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T5 42197-42201 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T6 47212-47218 Body_part denotes tissue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000479
T7 51092-51097 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178
T8 54786-54790 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T9 55709-55714 Body_part denotes Scale http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002542
T10 55936-55941 Body_part denotes Scale http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002542
T11 56461-56465 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T12 57605-57611 Body_part denotes organs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000062
T13 68269-68273 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T14 73090-73094 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T15 73616-73629 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T16 73877-73890 Body_part denotes Immune System http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T17 74013-74026 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T18 74785-74798 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T19 75393-75406 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T20 75479-75492 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T21 76274-76287 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T22 77714-77718 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T23 77779-77783 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T24 80312-80325 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T25 81174-81187 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T26 81230-81234 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T27 81456-81469 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T28 81568-81581 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T29 82328-82341 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T30 82672-82685 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T31 83701-83705 Body_part denotes tail http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002415
T32 83959-83972 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T33 85335-85341 Body_part denotes kidney http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113
T34 87533-87546 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T35 87649-87653 Body_part denotes foot http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002387
T36 87658-87663 Body_part denotes mouth http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000165
T37 87842-87855 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T38 89642-89655 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T39 91185-91198 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T40 94756-94769 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T41 95630-95636 Body_part denotes kidney http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113
T42 96247-96260 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T43 96325-96338 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T44 96969-96973 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T45 97037-97048 Body_part denotes lymph nodes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000029
T46 97037-97042 Body_part denotes lymph http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002391

LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
26 32-42 Species denotes SARS-Cov-2 Tax:2697049
27 492-502 Species denotes SARS-Cov-2 Tax:2697049
28 739-745 Species denotes people Tax:9606
29 958-962 Species denotes H3N3 Tax:215851
30 1059-1064 Species denotes Ebola Tax:1570291
31 1525-1531 Species denotes people Tax:9606
32 310-319 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
33 838-843 Disease denotes death MESH:D003643
34 1036-1040 Disease denotes MERS MESH:D018352
35 1516-1524 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
38 1982-1988 Disease denotes cancer MESH:D009369
39 2060-2076 Disease denotes viral infections MESH:D001102
43 2719-2731 Chemical denotes metal oxides
44 2562-2577 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
45 2628-2636 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
50 4570-4587 Species denotes influenza viruses Tax:11308
51 4123-4135 Chemical denotes nanovaccines
52 3608-3617 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
53 4375-4383 Disease denotes toxicity MESH:D064420
57 5505-5511 Species denotes humans Tax:9606
58 5367-5377 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
59 6280-6287 Disease denotes rupture MESH:D012421
63 6807-6813 Chemical denotes silver MESH:D012834
64 6927-6936 Chemical denotes disulfide MESH:D004220
65 7161-7169 Disease denotes toxicity MESH:D064420
68 7804-7809 Chemical denotes metal MESH:D008670
69 8287-8293 Chemical denotes silver MESH:D012834
95 9323-9328 Gene denotes gp120 Gene:3700
96 9435-9447 Gene denotes CD4 receptor Gene:920
97 9385-9390 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
98 9661-9666 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
99 10991-11023 Species denotes Peste des petits ruminants virus Tax:31604
100 11618-11632 Species denotes Vaccinia virus Tax:10245
101 11025-11029 Species denotes PPRV Tax:31604
102 11200-11204 Species denotes PPRV Tax:31604
103 11337-11341 Species denotes PPRV Tax:31604
104 11461-11465 Species denotes PPRV Tax:31604
105 9124-9132 Chemical denotes cysteine MESH:D003545
106 9137-9147 Chemical denotes methionine MESH:D008715
107 9296-9302 Chemical denotes sulfur MESH:D013455
108 9571-9575 Chemical denotes AgNP
109 9718-9723 Chemical denotes AgNPs
110 9772-9778 Chemical denotes silver MESH:D012834
111 9831-9850 Chemical denotes silver sulfadiazine MESH:D012837
112 9852-9856 Chemical denotes AgSD
113 9862-9876 Chemical denotes silver nitrate MESH:D012835
114 9898-9910 Chemical denotes silver salts
115 9932-9937 Chemical denotes salts MESH:D012492
116 10013-10019 Chemical denotes silver MESH:D012834
117 11301-11306 Chemical denotes AgNPs
118 8515-8529 Disease denotes viral diseases MESH:D001102
119 9492-9507 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
141 12556-12561 Gene denotes gp120 Gene:3700
142 12618-12623 Gene denotes gp120 Gene:3700
143 12505-12510 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
144 12568-12573 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
145 12630-12635 Species denotes HSV-1 Tax:10298
146 12637-12642 Species denotes HSV-2 Tax:10310
147 12648-12654 Species denotes HPIV-3 Tax:11216
148 12756-12773 Species denotes Adenovirus type 3 Tax:45659
149 12864-12868 Species denotes H1N1 Tax:114727
150 12869-12886 Species denotes influenza A virus Tax:11320
151 13215-13229 Species denotes Vaccinia virus Tax:10245
152 13306-13322 Species denotes Monkey pox virus Tax:10244
153 13407-13421 Species denotes Tacaribe virus Tax:11631
154 13500-13510 Species denotes Poliovirus Tax:138950
155 13612-13616 Species denotes TGEV Tax:11149
156 13670-13674 Species denotes TGEV Tax:11149
157 13700-13704 Species denotes TGEV Tax:11149
158 12931-12942 Species denotes respiratory Tax:12814
159 13134-13138 Species denotes PPRV Tax:31604
160 13324-13327 Species denotes MPV Tax:10244
161 13423-13427 Species denotes TCRV Tax:11631
165 14033-14036 Gene denotes Ad3 Gene:5663
166 14332-14349 Species denotes hepatitis B virus Tax:10407
167 14255-14264 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
173 14842-14847 Gene denotes gp120 Gene:3700
174 14428-14434 Chemical denotes silver MESH:D012834
175 14600-14612 Chemical denotes polyurethane MESH:D011140
176 14732-14738 Chemical denotes silver MESH:D012834
177 14889-14895 Chemical denotes silver MESH:D012834
191 15482-15493 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
192 15592-15603 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
193 15635-15639 Species denotes TGEV Tax:11149
194 15673-15677 Species denotes TGEV Tax:11149
195 15759-15763 Species denotes TGEV Tax:11149
196 15788-15792 Species denotes TGEV Tax:11149
197 15944-15948 Species denotes TGEV Tax:11149
198 15604-15617 Species denotes transmissible Tax:11149
199 15518-15524 Chemical denotes silver MESH:D012834
200 15873-15878 Chemical denotes AgNPs
201 15618-15633 Disease denotes gastroenteritis MESH:D005759
202 15649-15668 Disease denotes host cell infection MESH:D007239
203 15836-15851 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
222 16534-16539 Species denotes human Tax:9606
223 16862-16867 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
224 16893-16898 Species denotes HSV-2 Tax:10310
225 16905-16932 Species denotes respiratory syncytial virus Tax:12814
226 17053-17058 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
227 17586-17591 Species denotes HSV-2 Tax:10310
228 17681-17686 Species denotes HSV-2 Tax:10310
229 16934-16937 Species denotes RSV Tax:12814
230 17072-17075 Species denotes RSV Tax:12814
231 16236-16242 Chemical denotes Silver MESH:D012834
232 16722-16749 Chemical denotes Poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)
233 16751-16754 Chemical denotes PVP
234 16970-16976 Chemical denotes carbon MESH:D002244
235 17409-17420 Chemical denotes Tannic acid MESH:D013634
236 17740-17746 Chemical denotes sugars MESH:D000073893
237 17748-17759 Chemical denotes tannic acid MESH:D013634
238 17469-17484 Disease denotes HSV-2 infection MESH:C536395
239 17511-17526 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
254 18129-18134 Gene denotes gp120 Gene:3700
255 18345-18358 Gene denotes neuraminidase Gene:4758
256 19007-19010 Gene denotes AKT Gene:207
257 19015-19018 Gene denotes p53 Gene:7157
258 18061-18066 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
259 18264-18268 Species denotes H1N1 Tax:114727
260 18269-18284 Species denotes influenza virus Tax:11308
261 18782-18787 Species denotes HSV-1 Tax:10298
262 18887-18901 Species denotes Enterovirus 71 Tax:39054
263 18903-18907 Species denotes EV71 Tax:39054
264 19025-19030 Species denotes HSV-2 Tax:10310
265 18141-18144 Species denotes RSV Tax:12814
266 18598-18601 Species denotes MPV Tax:10244
267 18692-18696 Species denotes TCRV Tax:11631
271 19222-19227 Chemical denotes AgNPs
272 19243-19272 Chemical denotes polyphosphonium-oligochitosan
273 19274-19279 Chemical denotes PQPOC
284 19847-19874 Species denotes herpes simplex virus type 1 Tax:10298
285 19876-19881 Species denotes HSV-1 Tax:10298
286 19949-19964 Chemical denotes heparan sulfate MESH:D006497
287 19966-19968 Chemical denotes HS MESH:D006497
288 20037-20060 Chemical denotes mercaptoethanesulfonate MESH:D015080
289 20062-20068 Chemical denotes Ag-MES
290 20099-20101 Chemical denotes HS MESH:D006497
291 20114-20123 Chemical denotes sulfonate MESH:D000476
292 19753-19768 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
293 19825-19834 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
301 20283-20286 Species denotes RSV Tax:12814
302 20564-20567 Species denotes RSV Tax:12814
303 20225-20233 Chemical denotes curcumin MESH:D003474
304 20390-20398 Chemical denotes Curcumin MESH:D003474
305 20458-20466 Chemical denotes curcumin MESH:D003474
306 20734-20742 Chemical denotes curcumin MESH:D003474
307 20616-20625 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
310 20898-20901 Species denotes RSV Tax:12814
311 20902-20911 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
316 21241-21252 Chemical denotes oseltamivir MESH:D053139
317 21254-21264 Chemical denotes amantadine MESH:D000547
318 21270-21279 Chemical denotes zanamivir MESH:D053243
319 21307-21310 Chemical denotes ZNV
326 21914-21920 Chemical denotes silver MESH:D012834
327 21997-22002 Chemical denotes AgNPs
328 22309-22313 Chemical denotes AgNP
329 22504-22508 Chemical denotes AgNP
330 22135-22147 Disease denotes cytotoxicity MESH:D064420
331 22189-22201 Disease denotes cytotoxicity MESH:D064420
341 23613-23617 Species denotes H1N1 Tax:114727
342 23596-23605 Species denotes influenza Tax:11320
343 23907-23916 Species denotes influenza Tax:11320
344 23102-23104 Chemical denotes Au MESH:D006046
345 23128-23137 Chemical denotes disulfide MESH:D004220
346 23771-23776 Chemical denotes metal MESH:D008670
347 22866-22874 Disease denotes toxicity MESH:D064420
348 23549-23558 Disease denotes mortality MESH:D003643
349 23917-23928 Disease denotes A infection MESH:D007239
356 24205-24222 Species denotes influenza A virus Tax:11320
357 24224-24227 Species denotes IAV Tax:11320
358 24284-24287 Species denotes IAV Tax:11320
359 24242-24253 Chemical denotes porous AuNP
360 24255-24260 Chemical denotes PoGNP
361 24323-24332 Chemical denotes disulfide MESH:D004220
378 26084-26111 Species denotes bovine viral diarrhea virus Tax:11099
379 27513-27528 Species denotes influenza virus Tax:11308
380 25767-25776 Species denotes influenza Tax:11320
381 24569-24573 Chemical denotes AuNP
382 24985-24996 Chemical denotes gallic acid MESH:D005707
383 25548-25558 Chemical denotes sulfonates MESH:D000476
384 25721-25731 Chemical denotes sulfonates MESH:D000476
385 25821-25834 Chemical denotes succinic acid MESH:D019802
386 26025-26030 Chemical denotes Thiol MESH:D013438
387 26514-26533 Chemical denotes Sulfonated dendrons
388 26550-26555 Chemical denotes AuNPs
389 26562-26569 Chemical denotes sulfide MESH:D013440
390 26763-26771 Chemical denotes dendrons MESH:D050091
391 27022-27031 Chemical denotes sulfonate MESH:D000476
392 27437-27444 Chemical denotes dendron MESH:C501244
393 25063-25078 Disease denotes virus infection MESH:D001102
395 28931-28954 Chemical denotes Reactive Oxygen Species MESH:D017382
421 29581-29596 Species denotes influenza virus Tax:11308
422 30196-30214 Species denotes feline calicivirus Tax:11978
423 30221-30225 Species denotes H1N1 Tax:114727
424 30235-30250 Species denotes influenza virus Tax:11308
425 30969-30974 Species denotes HSV-1 Tax:10298
426 29171-29176 Chemical denotes metal MESH:D008670
427 29192-29194 Chemical denotes Cu MESH:D003300
428 29198-29200 Chemical denotes Fe MESH:D007501
429 29395-29401 Chemical denotes copper MESH:D003300
430 29421-29429 Chemical denotes sulfates MESH:D013431
431 29433-29445 Chemical denotes iodide salts MESH:D007454
432 29707-29710 Chemical denotes Cu+ MESH:D003300
433 29768-29785 Chemical denotes hydroxyl radicals MESH:D017665
434 29809-29815 Chemical denotes copper MESH:D003300
435 29951-29954 Chemical denotes Cu+ MESH:D003300
436 29977-29980 Chemical denotes Cu+ MESH:D003300
437 29998-30004 Chemical denotes copper MESH:D003300
438 30274-30280 Chemical denotes copper MESH:D003300
439 30333-30356 Chemical denotes reactive oxygen species MESH:D017382
440 30358-30361 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
441 30514-30527 Chemical denotes cupric oxides MESH:C030973
442 30625-30638 Chemical denotes cuprous oxide MESH:C000520
443 29349-29364 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
444 30413-30421 Disease denotes toxicity MESH:D064420
445 30865-30880 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
452 31139-31147 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
453 31172-31176 Chemical denotes DAPI MESH:C007293
454 31192-31205 Chemical denotes Cuprous oxide MESH:C000520
455 31087-31096 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
456 31238-31253 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
457 31059-31067 CellLine denotes Huh7.5.1 CVCL:E049
471 31549-31554 Species denotes HSV-2 Tax:10310
472 32513-32517 Species denotes H1N1 Tax:114727
473 32559-32569 Species denotes SARS-Cov-2 Tax:2697049
474 32527-32536 Species denotes influenza Tax:11320
475 31350-31360 Chemical denotes zinc salts
476 31486-31489 Chemical denotes ZnO MESH:D015034
477 32006-32009 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
478 32027-32033 Chemical denotes copper MESH:D003300
479 32099-32105 Chemical denotes copper MESH:D003300
480 32164-32167 Chemical denotes Cu+ MESH:D003300
481 32376-32379 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
482 32476-32488 Chemical denotes copper oxide
483 32015-32023 Disease denotes toxicity MESH:D064420
485 32631-32637 Chemical denotes Carbon MESH:D002244
499 32720-32726 Chemical denotes carbon MESH:D002244
500 32889-32895 Chemical denotes carbon MESH:D002244
501 32940-32949 Chemical denotes Fullerene MESH:D037741
502 32991-32997 Chemical denotes carbon MESH:D002244
503 33084-33093 Chemical denotes fullerene MESH:D037741
504 33155-33160 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
505 33256-33265 Chemical denotes fullerene MESH:D037741
506 33316-33325 Chemical denotes fullerene MESH:D037741
507 33521-33527 Chemical denotes carbon MESH:D002244
508 33569-33580 Chemical denotes carbon dots
509 33582-33585 Chemical denotes CDs
510 33591-33605 Chemical denotes graphene oxide MESH:C000628730
511 33607-33609 Chemical denotes GO MESH:C000628730
513 33691-33706 Chemical denotes Glycofullerenes
530 34949-34956 Gene denotes DC-sign Gene:30835
531 34939-34946 Gene denotes DC-sign Gene:30835
532 33744-33749 Species denotes Ebola Tax:1570291
533 35174-35179 Species denotes Ebola Tax:1570291
534 34119-34126 Chemical denotes glycans MESH:D011134
535 34402-34412 Chemical denotes Fullerenes MESH:D037741
536 34505-34514 Chemical denotes Fullerene MESH:D037741
537 34653-34660 Chemical denotes Mannose MESH:D008358
538 34870-34877 Chemical denotes mannose MESH:D008358
539 35056-35063 Chemical denotes mannose MESH:D008358
540 35082-35091 Chemical denotes fullerene MESH:D037741
541 35123-35138 Chemical denotes glycofullerenes
542 33723-33729 Disease denotes mortal MESH:D003643
543 33960-33969 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
544 34295-34304 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
545 34367-34382 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
568 35984-35987 Gene denotes CD4 Gene:920
569 36019-36026 Gene denotes DC-sign Gene:30835
570 36115-36120 Species denotes Ebola Tax:1570291
571 35238-35253 Chemical denotes glycofullerenes
572 35297-35304 Chemical denotes mannose MESH:D008358
573 35355-35364 Chemical denotes fullerene MESH:D037741
574 35559-35561 Chemical denotes Cu MESH:D003300
575 35575-35580 Chemical denotes azide MESH:D001386
576 35581-35587 Chemical denotes alkyne MESH:D000480
577 35771-35778 Chemical denotes mannose MESH:D008358
578 35802-35814 Chemical denotes glycodendron
579 35837-35845 Chemical denotes malonate MESH:C030290
580 35849-35875 Chemical denotes trialkynyl pentaerythritol
581 36196-36213 Chemical denotes mannose fullerene
582 36246-36263 Chemical denotes mannose fullerene
583 36285-36288 Chemical denotes PEG MESH:D011092
584 36297-36311 Chemical denotes ethylene oxide MESH:D005027
585 36364-36382 Chemical denotes mannose fullerenes
586 36405-36408 Chemical denotes PEG MESH:D011092
587 36417-36431 Chemical denotes ethylene oxide MESH:D005027
588 36096-36111 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
589 35957-35963 CellLine denotes Jurkat CVCL:0065
598 36692-36707 Chemical denotes glycofullerenes
599 36735-36750 Chemical denotes glycofullerenes
600 36814-36836 Chemical denotes monodisperse fullerene
601 36845-36852 Chemical denotes mannose MESH:D008358
602 36916-36923 Chemical denotes mannose MESH:D008358
603 36984-36994 Chemical denotes fullerenes MESH:D037741
604 37003-37010 Chemical denotes mannose MESH:D008358
605 36775-36790 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
620 37274-37279 Species denotes Ebola Tax:1570291
621 37359-37364 Species denotes Ebola Tax:1570291
622 37440-37445 Species denotes Ebola Tax:1570291
623 37510-37515 Species denotes Ebola Tax:1570291
624 37588-37593 Species denotes Ebola Tax:1570291
625 37987-37992 Species denotes Ebola Tax:1570291
626 38085-38090 Species denotes Ebola Tax:1570291
627 37743-37769 Chemical denotes trialkynyl pentaerythritol
628 37811-37843 Chemical denotes trideca-fullerenes disaccharide
629 37845-37871 Chemical denotes trialkynyl pentaerythritol
630 37923-37954 Chemical denotes glycofullerenes monosaccharide
631 37956-37982 Chemical denotes trialkynyl pentaerythritol
632 38020-38051 Chemical denotes glycofullerenes monosaccharide
633 38053-38079 Chemical denotes trialkynyl pentaerythritol
636 37053-37063 Chemical denotes Fullerenes MESH:D037741
637 37084-37091 Chemical denotes Mannose MESH:D008358
639 38132-38135 Gene denotes C60
642 38193-38196 Gene denotes C60
643 38213-38223 Chemical denotes fullerenes MESH:D037741
669 38742-38753 Species denotes Ebola virus Tax:1570291
670 39138-39145 Gene denotes DC-sign Gene:30835
671 38278-38287 Chemical denotes fullerene MESH:D037741
672 38408-38418 Chemical denotes fullerenes MESH:D037741
673 38497-38514 Chemical denotes tridecafullerenes
674 38795-38808 Chemical denotes carbohydrates MESH:D002241
675 38846-38872 Chemical denotes trialkynyl pentaerythritol
676 38904-38920 Chemical denotes tridecafullerene
677 38930-38943 Chemical denotes carbohydrates MESH:D002241
678 38995-39015 Chemical denotes C60 tridecafullerene
679 39024-39042 Chemical denotes α(1,2)mannobioside
680 39062-39074 Chemical denotes disaccharide MESH:D004187
681 39243-39249 Chemical denotes copper MESH:D003300
682 39272-39278 Chemical denotes azides MESH:D001386
683 39282-39289 Chemical denotes alkynes MESH:D000480
684 39291-39296 Chemical denotes SPAAC
685 39327-39336 Chemical denotes fullerene MESH:D037741
686 39356-39366 Chemical denotes fullerenes MESH:D037741
687 39438-39444 Chemical denotes copper MESH:D003300
688 39607-39620 Chemical denotes disaccharides MESH:D004187
689 39621-39638 Chemical denotes tridecafullerenes
690 39646-39672 Chemical denotes disaccharide monofullerene
691 39769-39796 Chemical denotes disaccharide glycofullerene
692 39872-39887 Chemical denotes glycofullerenes
693 39948-39956 Disease denotes toxicity MESH:D064420
699 40602-40613 Species denotes Ebola virus Tax:1570291
700 40084-40112 Chemical denotes monodisperse glycofullerenes
701 40339-40354 Chemical denotes glycofullerenes
702 40545-40557 Chemical denotes carbohydrate MESH:D002241
703 40796-40811 Chemical denotes glycofullerenes
714 42202-42206 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
715 42091-42101 Species denotes SARS-Cov-2 Tax:2697049
716 42191-42196 Species denotes human Tax:9606
717 40966-40976 Chemical denotes fullerenes MESH:D037741
718 41150-41160 Chemical denotes fullerenes MESH:D037741
719 41225-41232 Chemical denotes mannose MESH:D008358
720 41330-41345 Chemical denotes glycofullerenes
721 41517-41532 Chemical denotes glycofullerenes
722 41824-41839 Chemical denotes glycofullerenes
723 41973-41988 Chemical denotes glycofullerenes
725 42257-42263 Chemical denotes Carbon MESH:D002244
754 44562-44589 Species denotes Japanese encephalitis virus Tax:11072
755 44591-44603 Species denotes Dengue virus Tax:12637
756 44609-44619 Species denotes Zika virus Tax:64320
757 44654-44672 Species denotes porcine parvovirus Tax:10796
758 44677-44687 Species denotes adenovirus Tax:10508
759 42288-42298 Chemical denotes fullerenes MESH:D037741
760 42306-42312 Chemical denotes carbon MESH:D002244
761 42395-42398 Chemical denotes CDs
762 42437-42443 Chemical denotes carbon MESH:D002244
763 42482-42485 Chemical denotes CDs
764 42507-42513 Chemical denotes carbon MESH:D002244
765 42591-42597 Chemical denotes carbon MESH:D002244
766 42643-42646 Chemical denotes CDs
767 42802-42805 Chemical denotes CDs
768 43255-43257 Chemical denotes CD
769 43350-43352 Chemical denotes CD
770 43646-43649 Chemical denotes CDs
771 44048-44053 Chemical denotes amide MESH:D000577
772 44086-44089 Chemical denotes CDs
773 44098-44108 Chemical denotes carboxylic
774 44273-44276 Chemical denotes CDs
775 44338-44349 Chemical denotes benzoxazine MESH:D048588
776 44357-44362 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
777 44414-44416 Chemical denotes CD
778 44480-44483 Chemical denotes CDs
779 44830-44833 Chemical denotes CDs
780 42722-42730 Disease denotes toxicity MESH:D064420
781 42854-42867 Disease denotes HIV infection MESH:D015658
784 44883-44894 Chemical denotes benzoxazine MESH:D048588
785 44910-44913 Chemical denotes CDs
813 45889-45894 Gene denotes gp120 Gene:3700
814 45090-45095 Species denotes human Tax:9606
815 45048-45051 Chemical denotes CDs
816 45122-45125 Chemical denotes CDs
817 45151-45186 Chemical denotes 2,2′-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) MESH:C492592
818 45188-45191 Chemical denotes EDA MESH:C492592
819 45197-45216 Chemical denotes 3-ethoxypropylamine
820 45218-45221 Chemical denotes EPA
821 45227-45232 Chemical denotes amide MESH:D000577
822 45307-45310 Chemical denotes EPA
823 45326-45329 Chemical denotes CDs
824 45425-45428 Chemical denotes CDs
825 45453-45459 Chemical denotes amines MESH:D000588
826 45563-45569 Chemical denotes CD-EDA
827 45582-45588 Chemical denotes CD-EPA
828 45640-45652 Chemical denotes boronic acid MESH:D001897
829 45654-45656 Chemical denotes BA MESH:D001897
830 45704-45718 Chemical denotes boronic esters
831 45996-45998 Chemical denotes CD
832 46019-46037 Chemical denotes phenylboronic acid MESH:C010686
833 46162-46165 Chemical denotes CDs
834 46241-46244 Chemical denotes CDs
835 46496-46499 Chemical denotes CDs
836 45359-45374 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
837 45942-45951 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
838 46056-46069 Disease denotes HIV infection MESH:D015658
839 46663-46671 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
844 46747-46750 Chemical denotes CDs
845 47021-47024 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
846 46852-46858 Disease denotes cancer MESH:D009369
847 46910-46926 Disease denotes viral infections MESH:D001102
855 48543-48546 Gene denotes MS2 Gene:100271694
856 48323-48340 Species denotes bacteriophage MS2 Tax:12022
857 47055-47063 Chemical denotes Graphene MESH:D006108
858 47745-47747 Chemical denotes GO MESH:C000628730
859 48376-48378 Chemical denotes GO MESH:C000628730
860 47310-47325 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
861 47922-47927 Disease denotes shock MESH:D012769
878 49180-49193 Species denotes duck reovirus Tax:1171667
879 49286-49291 Species denotes HSV-1 Tax:10298
880 49525-49530 Species denotes HSV-1 Tax:10298
881 49882-49902 Species denotes human papillomavirus Tax:10566
882 49904-49916 Species denotes Dengue virus Tax:12637
883 50353-50371 Species denotes pseudorabies virus Tax:10345
884 50377-50402 Species denotes African swine fever virus Tax:10497
885 49121-49123 Chemical denotes GO MESH:C000628730
886 49129-49138 Chemical denotes hypericin MESH:C004965
887 49372-49379 Chemical denotes sulfate MESH:D013431
888 49391-49401 Chemical denotes iron oxide MESH:C000499
889 49466-49473 Chemical denotes sulfate MESH:D013431
890 49940-49947 Chemical denotes sulfate MESH:D013431
891 49963-49971 Chemical denotes graphene MESH:D006108
892 50219-50226 Chemical denotes sulfate MESH:D013431
893 50265-50285 Chemical denotes polyglycerol sulfate
905 50418-50426 Chemical denotes Graphene MESH:D006108
906 50469-50481 Chemical denotes Polysulfates
907 50486-50498 Chemical denotes fatty amines
908 50517-50525 Chemical denotes graphene MESH:D006108
909 50538-50546 Chemical denotes triazine MESH:D014227
910 50747-50755 Chemical denotes graphene MESH:D006108
911 50843-50851 Chemical denotes graphene MESH:D006108
912 51157-51165 Chemical denotes sulfonic
913 51188-51202 Chemical denotes diazonium salt
914 51335-51348 Chemical denotes boronic acids MESH:D001897
915 51378-51385 Chemical denotes epoxide MESH:D004852
954 51728-51756 Gene denotes heparan sulfate proteoglycan Gene:960
955 51758-51762 Gene denotes HSPG Gene:960
956 53151-53155 Gene denotes HSPG Gene:6383
957 52043-52047 Gene denotes HSPG Gene:6383
958 51881-51886 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
959 51893-51914 Species denotes human papilloma virus Tax:10566
960 53315-53319 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
961 54387-54392 Species denotes Ebola Tax:1570291
962 54546-54557 Species denotes Ebola virus Tax:1570291
963 54668-54673 Species denotes Ebola Tax:1570291
964 54829-54847 Species denotes Pseudorabies virus Tax:10345
965 54852-54883 Species denotes Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus Tax:28295
966 54885-54889 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
967 51916-51919 Species denotes HPV Tax:10566
968 53219-53222 Species denotes HPV Tax:10566
969 53228-53231 Species denotes RSV Tax:12814
970 53334-53337 Species denotes RSV Tax:12814
971 52216-52239 Chemical denotes mercaptoethanesulfonate MESH:D015080
972 52241-52244 Chemical denotes MES MESH:D015080
973 52287-52293 Chemical denotes Au-MES
974 52769-52797 Chemical denotes mercapto-1-undecanesulfonate
975 52933-52939 Chemical denotes Au-MES
976 53563-53576 Chemical denotes cyclodextrins MESH:D003505
977 53591-53619 Chemical denotes mercapto-1-undecanesulfonate
978 53778-53786 Chemical denotes graphene MESH:D006108
979 53790-53792 Chemical denotes GO MESH:C000628730
980 53831-53839 Chemical denotes graphene MESH:D006108
981 53892-53900 Chemical denotes graphene MESH:D006108
982 54074-54082 Chemical denotes graphene MESH:D006108
983 54127-54135 Chemical denotes graphene MESH:D006108
984 54328-54336 Chemical denotes graphene MESH:D006108
985 54600-54608 Chemical denotes graphene MESH:D006108
986 54792-54794 Chemical denotes GO MESH:C000628730
987 51541-51556 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
988 53320-53328 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
989 53411-53420 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
990 53494-53510 Disease denotes viral infections MESH:D001102
991 53819-53827 Disease denotes toxicity MESH:D064420
995 55447-55452 Species denotes Ebola Tax:1570291
996 55390-55398 Chemical denotes Graphene MESH:D006108
997 55513-55515 Chemical denotes GO MESH:C000628730
1000 55619-55624 Species denotes HSV-2 Tax:10310
1001 55828-55846 Species denotes Pseudorabies virus Tax:10345
1005 56176-56186 Chemical denotes sulfonates MESH:D000476
1006 56201-56216 Chemical denotes heparan sulfate MESH:D006497
1007 56244-56264 Disease denotes SARS-Cov-2 infection MESH:C000657245
1017 57079-57088 Species denotes influenza Tax:11320
1018 57127-57136 Species denotes influenza Tax:11320
1019 57803-57806 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
1020 57967-57970 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
1021 56472-56482 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
1022 56967-56976 Disease denotes hepatitis MESH:D056486
1023 57138-57147 Disease denotes hepatitis MESH:D056486
1024 57347-57356 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1025 57822-57830 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
1028 58200-58203 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
1029 58233-58242 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1036 58859-58864 Species denotes swine Tax:9823
1037 58938-58942 Species denotes TGEV Tax:11149
1038 58833-58837 Species denotes TGEV Tax:11149
1039 58639-58648 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1040 58710-58718 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
1041 58943-58952 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1054 59428-59441 Gene denotes neuraminidase Gene:4758
1055 59594-59603 Gene denotes caspase-3 Gene:836
1056 59476-59480 Species denotes H1N1 Tax:114727
1057 59481-59496 Species denotes influenza virus Tax:11308
1058 59799-59803 Species denotes EV71 Tax:39054
1059 59909-59913 Species denotes EV71 Tax:39054
1060 59640-59643 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
1061 59656-59661 Chemical denotes AgNPs
1062 59676-59692 Chemical denotes polyethylenimine MESH:D011094
1063 59694-59697 Chemical denotes PEI MESH:D011094
1064 59804-59819 Disease denotes virus infection MESH:D001102
1065 60148-60163 Disease denotes HIV-1 infection MESH:D015658
1093 61478-61483 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
1094 61582-61587 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
1095 61592-61597 Species denotes HIV-2 Tax:11709
1096 62555-62560 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
1097 62565-62570 Species denotes HIV-2 Tax:11709
1098 60209-60219 Chemical denotes fullerenes MESH:D037741
1099 60451-60461 Chemical denotes Fullerenes MESH:D037741
1100 60474-60479 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
1101 60580-60584 Chemical denotes DMSO MESH:D004121
1102 60598-60608 Chemical denotes fullerenes MESH:D037741
1103 61323-61333 Chemical denotes fullerenes MESH:D037741
1104 61414-61433 Chemical denotes pyrrolidinium salts
1105 61530-61538 Chemical denotes ammonium MESH:D064751
1106 61696-61705 Chemical denotes fullerene MESH:D037741
1107 61937-61954 Chemical denotes aminobutyric acid MESH:D000613
1108 61959-61976 Chemical denotes aminocaproic acid MESH:D015119
1109 62091-62110 Chemical denotes pyrrolidinium salts
1110 62141-62150 Chemical denotes fullerene MESH:D037741
1111 62231-62240 Chemical denotes Fullerene MESH:D037741
1112 62268-62278 Chemical denotes nevirapine MESH:D019829
1113 62400-62423 Chemical denotes carboxylated fullerenes
1114 60674-60687 Disease denotes HIV infection MESH:D015658
1115 60912-60922 Disease denotes HIV virion MESH:D015658
1116 62222-62228 Disease denotes HIV-RT MESH:C563738
1117 62306-62312 Disease denotes HIV-RT MESH:C563738
1118 62513-62521 Disease denotes toxicity MESH:D064420
1119 62488-62491 CellLine denotes CEM CVCL:0207
1122 62721-62730 Chemical denotes fullerene MESH:D037741
1123 62897-62906 Chemical denotes fullerene MESH:D037741
1126 62962-62971 Chemical denotes fullerene MESH:D037741
1127 63035-63044 Chemical denotes fullerene MESH:D037741
1137 63595-63610 Species denotes influenza virus Tax:11308
1138 63621-63625 Species denotes H1N1 Tax:114727
1139 63627-63631 Species denotes H3N2 Tax:119210
1140 63422-63445 Chemical denotes benzo-1,2,4-thiadiazine
1141 63538-63559 Chemical denotes poly(carboxylic acid)
1142 63677-63684 Chemical denotes Tamiflu MESH:D053139
1143 63686-63697 Chemical denotes rimantadine MESH:D012299
1144 63699-63708 Chemical denotes ribavirin MESH:D012254
1145 63714-63724 Chemical denotes amantadine MESH:D000547
1162 65421-65426 Species denotes HSV-1 Tax:10298
1163 65929-65939 Species denotes grass carp Tax:7959
1164 65976-65995 Species denotes grass carp reovirus Tax:128987
1165 64079-64085 Chemical denotes carbon MESH:D002244
1166 64833-64879 Chemical denotes 2-amino-3-nitro-1-(3,5-dimethylbenzyl)-aniline
1167 64881-64887 Chemical denotes CHI360
1168 64893-64950 Chemical denotes N-(2-aminophenyl-3-nitro-)-3,5-dimethylbenzenesulfonamide
1169 64952-64958 Chemical denotes CHI415
1170 65296-65308 Chemical denotes cyclodextrin MESH:D003505
1171 65339-65348 Chemical denotes acyclovir MESH:D000212
1172 65465-65474 Chemical denotes acyclovir MESH:D000212
1173 65643-65655 Chemical denotes cyclodextrin MESH:D003505
1174 65660-65663 Chemical denotes PEI MESH:D011094
1175 65703-65712 Chemical denotes cidofovir MESH:D000077404
1176 65905-65914 Chemical denotes ribavirin MESH:D012254
1177 66064-66073 Chemical denotes ribavirin MESH:D012254
1179 66236-66245 Chemical denotes ribavirin MESH:D012254
1183 66358-66367 Chemical denotes ribovirin MESH:D012254
1184 66505-66508 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
1185 66466-66474 Disease denotes toxicity MESH:D064420
1190 66610-66618 Chemical denotes Graphene MESH:D006108
1191 66752-66760 Chemical denotes Graphene MESH:D006108
1192 66988-67000 Disease denotes low toxicity MESH:D009800
1193 67083-67114 Disease denotes block the hepatitis C infection MESH:D006526
1198 67227-67233 Chemical denotes carbon MESH:D002244
1199 67466-67474 Disease denotes toxicity MESH:D064420
1200 67630-67638 Disease denotes toxicity MESH:D064420
1201 67955-67963 Disease denotes toxicity MESH:D064420
1203 68066-68089 Chemical denotes Reactive Oxygen Species MESH:D017382
1219 68158-68169 Species denotes DNA viruses Tax:2080735
1220 68216-68220 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1221 68226-68235 Species denotes influenza Tax:11320
1222 68090-68093 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
1223 68274-68285 Chemical denotes glutathione MESH:D005978
1224 68306-68315 Chemical denotes vitamin C MESH:D001205
1225 68615-68618 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
1226 68802-68805 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
1227 68109-68117 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
1228 68203-68212 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1229 68345-68360 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
1230 68444-68457 Disease denotes HIV infection MESH:D015658
1231 68668-68684 Disease denotes viral infections MESH:D001102
1232 68821-68829 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
1233 68863-68872 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1267 69641-69645 Species denotes H1N1 Tax:114727
1268 69646-69661 Species denotes influenza virus Tax:11308
1269 68961-68966 Chemical denotes metal MESH:D008670
1270 68970-68981 Chemical denotes metal oxide
1271 69187-69190 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
1272 69236-69247 Chemical denotes metal oxide
1273 69272-69282 Chemical denotes superoxide MESH:D013481
1274 69307-69323 Chemical denotes hydroxyl radical MESH:D017665
1275 69383-69393 Chemical denotes superoxide MESH:D013481
1276 69734-69737 Chemical denotes ZnO MESH:D015034
1277 69821-69830 Chemical denotes acyclovir MESH:D000212
1278 69862-69865 Chemical denotes ZnO MESH:D015034
1279 69906-69909 Chemical denotes PEG MESH:D011092
1280 69987-69991 Chemical denotes Zn2+
1281 70009-70012 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
1282 70032-70035 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
1283 70043-70053 Chemical denotes superoxide MESH:D013481
1284 70058-70075 Chemical denotes hydroxyl radicals MESH:D017665
1285 70248-70251 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
1286 70575-70578 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
1287 70976-70978 Chemical denotes Fe MESH:D007501
1288 70980-70982 Chemical denotes Cu MESH:D003300
1289 71080-71085 Chemical denotes metal MESH:D008670
1290 71116-71119 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
1291 68928-68944 Disease denotes viral infections MESH:D001102
1292 69047-69055 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
1293 69476-69507 Disease denotes efficiently block the infection MESH:D006327
1294 69784-69799 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
1295 69850-69858 Disease denotes toxicity MESH:D064420
1296 70297-70302 Disease denotes death MESH:D003643
1297 70365-70374 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1298 70665-70671 Disease denotes arrest MESH:D006323
1299 70865-70875 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
1317 72187-72199 Species denotes Dengue virus Tax:12637
1318 72549-72553 Species denotes H1N1 Tax:114727
1319 72675-72679 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1320 71311-71314 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
1321 71344-71347 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
1322 71585-71593 Chemical denotes selenium MESH:D012643
1323 72004-72017 Chemical denotes selenium salt
1324 72284-72293 Chemical denotes zanamivir MESH:D053243
1325 72298-72309 Chemical denotes oseltamivir MESH:D053139
1326 72314-72324 Chemical denotes amantadine MESH:D000547
1327 72333-72342 Chemical denotes ribavirin MESH:D012254
1328 72581-72590 Chemical denotes ribavirin MESH:D012254
1329 71384-71409 Disease denotes toxicity of the infection MESH:D007239
1330 71521-71536 Disease denotes block infection MESH:D007239
1331 71770-71779 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1332 72666-72674 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
1333 72749-72754 Disease denotes edema MESH:D004487
1341 72913-72917 Species denotes Mice Tax:10090
1342 72930-72934 Species denotes H1N1 Tax:114727
1343 73067-73071 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1344 72889-72898 Chemical denotes ribavirin MESH:D012254
1345 73015-73018 Chemical denotes H&E MESH:D006371
1346 73055-73058 Chemical denotes RBV MESH:D012254
1347 72918-72926 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
1358 73329-73339 Species denotes SARS-Cov-2 Tax:2697049
1359 73586-73594 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1360 73221-73233 Disease denotes low toxicity MESH:D009800
1361 73304-73318 Disease denotes viral diseases MESH:D001102
1362 73398-73410 Disease denotes inflammation MESH:D007249
1363 73452-73460 Disease denotes Covid-19 MESH:C000657245
1364 73503-73512 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1365 73565-73573 Disease denotes toxicity MESH:D064420
1366 73577-73585 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
1367 73776-73784 Disease denotes toxicity MESH:D064420
1376 74381-74386 Gene denotes IL-1β Gene:3552
1377 74403-74408 Gene denotes NLRP3 Gene:114548
1378 73934-73939 Species denotes human Tax:9606
1379 74663-74666 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
1380 74270-74279 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1381 74707-74716 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1382 74812-74821 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1383 75179-75194 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
1385 75500-75509 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1411 77044-77064 Gene denotes Toll-like receptor 7 Gene:51284
1412 77332-77337 Gene denotes TNF-α Gene:21926
1413 77342-77346 Gene denotes IL-6 Gene:16193
1414 77250-77254 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1415 77430-77435 Species denotes mouse Tax:10090
1416 77664-77668 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1417 78212-78263 Species denotes Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Tax:28344
1418 78265-78270 Species denotes PRRSV Tax:28344
1419 77237-77240 Species denotes RSV Tax:12814
1420 77383-77386 Species denotes RSV Tax:12814
1421 77495-77498 Species denotes RSV Tax:12814
1422 77268-77273 Chemical denotes AgNPs
1423 78136-78144 Chemical denotes graphene MESH:D006108
1424 78276-78284 Chemical denotes GO-AgNPs
1425 75833-75842 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1426 75928-75936 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
1427 76100-76112 Disease denotes inflammation MESH:D007249
1428 76230-76239 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1429 76433-76442 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1430 76602-76611 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1431 77241-77249 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
1432 77655-77663 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
1433 77695-77710 Disease denotes virus infection MESH:D001102
1434 77770-77778 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
1435 77957-77965 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
1445 78754-78759 Species denotes PRRSV Tax:28344
1446 79529-79538 Species denotes zebrafish Tax:7955
1447 78746-78749 Species denotes RSV Tax:12814
1448 78921-78924 Species denotes RSV Tax:12814
1449 79022-79025 Species denotes RSV Tax:12814
1450 78716-78719 Chemical denotes CDs
1451 79385-79397 Chemical denotes isoprinosine MESH:D007542
1452 79173-79182 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1453 79198-79220 Disease denotes pulmonary inflammation MESH:D011014
1461 79993-79998 Gene denotes TNF-α Gene:7124
1462 80149-80154 Gene denotes TNF-α Gene:7124
1463 79755-79761 Species denotes bovine Tax:9913
1464 79667-79677 Chemical denotes Fullerenes MESH:D037741
1465 80171-80180 Chemical denotes fullerene MESH:D037741
1466 80106-80114 Disease denotes toxicity MESH:D064420
1467 80015-80024 CellLine denotes RAW 264.7 CVCL:0493
1479 80737-80747 Species denotes SARS-Cov-2 Tax:2697049
1480 80767-80777 Chemical denotes fullerenes MESH:D037741
1481 81255-81258 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
1482 80443-80452 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1483 80630-80642 Disease denotes inflammation MESH:D007249
1484 80833-80842 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1485 80914-80926 Disease denotes inflammation MESH:D007249
1486 80992-81001 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1487 81113-81122 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1488 81230-81247 Disease denotes lung inflammation MESH:D011014
1489 81297-81306 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1501 82804-82809 Species denotes HSV-2 Tax:10310
1502 82900-82904 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1503 82968-82973 Species denotes HSV-2 Tax:10310
1504 83134-83139 Species denotes HSV-2 Tax:10310
1505 82458-82470 Chemical denotes nanovaccines
1506 83318-83330 Chemical denotes nanovaccines
1507 81541-81557 Disease denotes viral infections MESH:D001102
1508 81691-81701 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
1509 81820-81830 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
1510 82891-82896 Disease denotes death MESH:D003643
1511 83161-83170 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1518 83486-83490 Species denotes Mice Tax:10090
1519 83527-83532 Species denotes HSV-2 Tax:10310
1520 83601-83605 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1521 83405-83431 Chemical denotes ZnO tetrapod nanoparticles
1522 83553-83558 Chemical denotes ZOTEN
1523 83590-83599 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1548 86111-86115 Gene denotes CD40 Gene:958
1549 86116-86120 Gene denotes IL-4 Gene:3565
1550 85061-85066 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
1551 85241-85246 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
1552 85319-85324 Species denotes human Tax:9606
1553 83974-83984 Chemical denotes Fullerenes MESH:D037741
1554 84079-84088 Chemical denotes fullerene MESH:D037741
1555 84191-84213 Chemical denotes polyhydroxy fullerenes
1556 84222-84233 Chemical denotes fullerenols MESH:C108127
1557 84530-84541 Chemical denotes fullerenols MESH:C108127
1558 84969-84979 Chemical denotes Fullerenol MESH:C108127
1559 85068-85078 Chemical denotes fullerenol MESH:C108127
1560 85199-85209 Chemical denotes fullerenol MESH:C108127
1561 85529-85539 Chemical denotes fullerenol MESH:C108127
1562 85729-85740 Chemical denotes fullerenols MESH:C108127
1563 85932-85943 Chemical denotes pyrrolidine MESH:C032519
1564 85944-85953 Chemical denotes tris-acid
1565 85958-85968 Chemical denotes fullerenol MESH:C108127
1566 85987-85997 Chemical denotes fullerenol MESH:C108127
1567 84165-84171 Disease denotes cancer MESH:D009369
1568 84641-84673 Disease denotes HIV-1141 and hepatitis C viruses MESH:D006526
1569 85325-85341 Disease denotes embryonic kidney MESH:D007674
1570 85497-85505 Disease denotes memory T MESH:D008569
1571 85354-85360 CellLine denotes HEK293 CVCL:0045
1584 86411-86414 Gene denotes Env Gene:30816
1585 86497-86500 Gene denotes Env Gene:30816
1586 86572-86577 Gene denotes IFN-γ Gene:15978
1587 86548-86551 Gene denotes Env Gene:17276
1588 86634-86638 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1589 86203-86213 Chemical denotes fullerenol MESH:C108127
1590 86267-86277 Chemical denotes fullerenol MESH:C108127
1591 86324-86333 Chemical denotes fullerene MESH:D037741
1592 86369-86370 Chemical denotes C MESH:D002244
1593 86468-86478 Chemical denotes fullerenol MESH:C108127
1594 86514-86524 Chemical denotes fullerenol MESH:C108127
1595 86815-86825 Chemical denotes Fullerenol MESH:C108127
1614 88359-88372 Gene denotes neuraminidase Gene:4758
1615 87033-87044 Species denotes guinea pigs Tax:10141
1616 87104-87108 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1617 87174-87179 Species denotes swine Tax:9823
1618 87180-87215 Species denotes transmissible gastroenteritis virus Tax:11149
1619 87220-87224 Species denotes H7N9 Tax:333278
1620 87619-87623 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1621 87649-87677 Species denotes foot-and-mouth disease virus Tax:12110
1622 88603-88620 Species denotes influenza viruses Tax:11308
1623 88690-88705 Species denotes influenza virus Tax:11308
1624 88751-88768 Species denotes influenza viruses Tax:11308
1625 88960-88964 Species denotes Mice Tax:10090
1626 89089-89093 Species denotes H1N1 Tax:114727
1627 89363-89373 Species denotes SARS-Cov-2 Tax:2697049
1628 89480-89490 Species denotes SARS-Cov-2 Tax:2697049
1629 87225-87234 Species denotes influenza Tax:11320
1630 88296-88305 Species denotes influenza Tax:11320
1631 89130-89140 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
1634 89872-89880 Species denotes SARS-Cov Tax:694009
1635 90039-90043 Chemical denotes AuNP
1646 91080-91083 Gene denotes MPL Gene:4352
1647 90633-90637 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1648 90819-90823 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1649 91334-91338 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1650 91397-91401 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1651 90399-90416 Chemical denotes calcium phosphate MESH:C020243
1652 90676-90686 Chemical denotes iron oxide MESH:C000499
1653 90697-90704 Chemical denotes mannose MESH:D008358
1654 90725-90736 Disease denotes hepatitis B MESH:D006509
1655 91265-91274 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1659 91721-91725 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1660 91734-91739 Species denotes HSV-1 Tax:10298
1661 91540-91553 Chemical denotes CpGm adjuvant
1666 91916-91920 Species denotes H1N1 Tax:114727
1667 91955-91965 Species denotes SARS-Cov-2 Tax:2697049
1668 92037-92043 Species denotes humans Tax:9606
1669 92297-92307 Species denotes SARS-Cov-2 Tax:2697049
1681 93077-93086 Chemical denotes disulfide MESH:D004220
1682 93106-93111 Chemical denotes metal MESH:D008670
1683 93152-93158 Chemical denotes CuONPs
1684 93194-93200 Chemical denotes carbon MESH:D002244
1685 93239-93244 Chemical denotes AuNPs
1686 93248-93256 Chemical denotes graphene MESH:D006108
1687 93788-93794 Chemical denotes carbon MESH:D002244
1688 94416-94419 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
1689 92970-92986 Disease denotes arrest infection MESH:D012131
1690 94507-94516 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1691 94777-94786 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1704 95608-95616 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1705 96527-96533 Species denotes humans Tax:9606
1706 95576-95580 Chemical denotes iron MESH:D007501
1707 96432-96443 Chemical denotes ferumoxytol MESH:D052203
1708 96447-96451 Chemical denotes FeNP MESH:C056437
1709 96683-96692 Chemical denotes histamine MESH:D006632
1710 95581-95598 Disease denotes deficiency anemia MESH:D000740
1711 95622-95644 Disease denotes chronic kidney disease MESH:D051436
1712 95702-95717 Disease denotes prostate cancer MESH:D011471
1713 96029-96041 Disease denotes HNM toxicity MESH:D064420
1714 96745-96761 Disease denotes hypersensitivity MESH:D004342
1715 97458-97472 Disease denotes block the rise MESH:D006327
1719 14249-14264 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T9 32-36 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T10 310-319 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T11 492-496 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T12 941-944 Disease denotes flu http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T13 963-966 Disease denotes flu http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T14 1017-1021 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T15 1059-1064 Disease denotes Ebola http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005737
T16 1982-1988 Disease denotes cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004992
T17 2060-2076 Disease denotes viral infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T18 2562-2577 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T19 2568-2577 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T20 3608-3617 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T21 4560-4564 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T22 4570-4579 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T23 5367-5377 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T24 8515-8529 Disease denotes viral diseases http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T25 9492-9507 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T26 9498-9507 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T27 10991-11017 Disease denotes Peste des petits ruminants http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005908
T28 11060-11070 Disease denotes infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T29 11618-11626 Disease denotes Vaccinia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002595
T30 11783-11793 Disease denotes infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T31 12864-12878 Disease denotes H1N1 influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005460
T32 12869-12878 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T33 13215-13223 Disease denotes Vaccinia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002595
T34 13306-13316 Disease denotes Monkey pox http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002594
T35 13597-13599 Disease denotes RD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0009973
T36 14255-14264 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T37 14332-14343 Disease denotes hepatitis B http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005344
T38 14332-14341 Disease denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002251
T39 14669-14683 Disease denotes herpes simplex http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004609
T40 15618-15633 Disease denotes gastroenteritis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002269
T41 15659-15668 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T42 15836-15851 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T43 15842-15851 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T44 16869-16883 Disease denotes herpes simplex http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004609
T45 17475-17484 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T46 17511-17526 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T47 17517-17526 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T48 18264-18278 Disease denotes H1N1 influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005460
T49 18269-18278 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T50 19753-19768 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T51 19759-19768 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T52 19825-19834 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T53 19847-19861 Disease denotes herpes simplex http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004609
T54 20616-20625 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T55 20902-20911 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T56 21294-21296 Disease denotes AM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0020320
T57 23596-23605 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T58 23907-23916 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T59 23919-23928 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T60 24205-24214 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T61 25048-25062 Disease denotes herpes simplex http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004609
T62 25063-25078 Disease denotes virus infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T63 25069-25078 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T64 25767-25776 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T65 26097-26105 Disease denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001673
T66 27513-27522 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T67 29349-29364 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T68 29355-29364 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T69 29581-29590 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T70 29603-29617 Disease denotes herpes simplex http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004609
T71 29633-29644 Disease denotes hepatitis A http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005790
T72 29633-29642 Disease denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002251
T73 30235-30244 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T74 30697-30708 Disease denotes hepatitis C http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005231
T75 30697-30706 Disease denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002251
T76 30865-30880 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T77 30871-30880 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T78 31087-31096 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T79 31238-31253 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T80 31244-31253 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T81 31453-31464 Disease denotes viral warts http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001209
T82 32559-32563 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T83 33744-33749 Disease denotes Ebola http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005737
T84 33753-33757 Disease denotes Zika http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0018661
T85 33960-33969 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T86 34295-34304 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T87 34367-34382 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T88 34373-34382 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T89 35174-35179 Disease denotes Ebola http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005737
T90 35181-35187 Disease denotes Dengue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005502
T91 36096-36111 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T92 36102-36111 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T93 36115-36120 Disease denotes Ebola http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005737
T94 36775-36790 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T95 36781-36790 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T96 37274-37279 Disease denotes Ebola http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005737
T97 37359-37364 Disease denotes Ebola http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005737
T98 37440-37445 Disease denotes Ebola http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005737
T99 37510-37515 Disease denotes Ebola http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005737
T100 37588-37593 Disease denotes Ebola http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005737
T101 37669-37673 Disease denotes Zika http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0018661
T102 37693-37699 Disease denotes Dengue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005502
T103 37776-37780 Disease denotes Zika http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0018661
T104 37794-37800 Disease denotes Dengue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005502
T105 37878-37882 Disease denotes Zika http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0018661
T106 37897-37903 Disease denotes Dengue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005502
T107 37987-37992 Disease denotes Ebola http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005737
T108 38085-38090 Disease denotes Ebola http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005737
T109 38742-38747 Disease denotes Ebola http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005737
T110 39546-39552 Disease denotes Dengue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005502
T111 39557-39561 Disease denotes Zika http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0018661
T112 39734-39738 Disease denotes Zika http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0018661
T113 39743-39749 Disease denotes Dengue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005502
T114 40602-40607 Disease denotes Ebola http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005737
T115 42091-42095 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T116 42854-42867 Disease denotes HIV infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005109
T117 42858-42867 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T118 44562-44583 Disease denotes Japanese encephalitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0019209
T119 44571-44583 Disease denotes encephalitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0019956
T120 44591-44597 Disease denotes Dengue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005502
T121 44609-44613 Disease denotes Zika http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0018661
T122 45188-45191 Disease denotes EDA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016535
T123 45359-45374 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T124 45365-45374 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T125 45566-45569 Disease denotes EDA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016535
T126 45942-45951 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T127 46056-46069 Disease denotes HIV infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005109
T128 46060-46069 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T129 46852-46858 Disease denotes cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004992
T130 46910-46926 Disease denotes viral infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T131 47310-47325 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T132 47316-47325 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T133 48337-48340 Disease denotes MS2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0012956
T134 48543-48546 Disease denotes MS2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0012956
T135 49904-49910 Disease denotes Dengue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005502
T136 50353-50365 Disease denotes pseudorabies http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005932
T137 50377-50396 Disease denotes African swine fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0025377
T138 50385-50396 Disease denotes swine fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0025087
T139 50578-50592 Disease denotes herpes simplex http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004609
T140 51541-51556 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T141 51547-51556 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T142 51899-51908 Disease denotes papilloma http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002363
T143 53411-53420 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T144 53494-53510 Disease denotes viral infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T145 54387-54392 Disease denotes Ebola http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005737
T146 54546-54551 Disease denotes Ebola http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005737
T147 54668-54673 Disease denotes Ebola http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005737
T148 54829-54841 Disease denotes Pseudorabies http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005932
T149 54869-54877 Disease denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001673
T150 55447-55452 Disease denotes Ebola http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005737
T151 55828-55840 Disease denotes Pseudorabies http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005932
T152 56244-56248 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T153 56255-56264 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T154 56472-56482 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T155 56967-56976 Disease denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002251
T156 57079-57088 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T157 57127-57136 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T158 57138-57147 Disease denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002251
T159 57347-57356 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T160 58233-58242 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T161 58639-58648 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T162 58943-58952 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T163 59476-59490 Disease denotes H1N1 influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005460
T164 59481-59490 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T165 59804-59819 Disease denotes virus infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T166 59810-59819 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T167 60154-60163 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T168 60674-60687 Disease denotes HIV infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005109
T169 60678-60687 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T170 63285-63296 Disease denotes Hepatitis C http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005231
T171 63285-63294 Disease denotes Hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002251
T172 63595-63604 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T173 65182-65184 Disease denotes NM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008091|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0011603
T175 67093-67114 Disease denotes hepatitis C infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005231
T176 67093-67102 Disease denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002251
T177 67105-67114 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T178 68203-68212 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T179 68226-68235 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T180 68345-68360 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T181 68351-68360 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T182 68444-68457 Disease denotes HIV infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005109
T183 68448-68457 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T184 68668-68684 Disease denotes viral infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T185 68863-68872 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T186 68928-68944 Disease denotes viral infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T187 69498-69507 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T188 69641-69655 Disease denotes H1N1 influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005460
T189 69646-69655 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T190 69666-69680 Disease denotes Herpes simplex http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004609
T191 69784-69799 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T192 69790-69799 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T193 70365-70374 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T194 70865-70875 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T195 71400-71409 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T196 71527-71536 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T197 71770-71779 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T198 72187-72193 Disease denotes Dengue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005502
T199 73304-73318 Disease denotes viral diseases http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T200 73329-73333 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T201 73398-73410 Disease denotes inflammation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021166
T202 73503-73512 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T203 74270-74279 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T204 74707-74716 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T205 74812-74821 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T206 75179-75194 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T207 75185-75194 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T208 75500-75509 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T209 75833-75842 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T210 76100-76112 Disease denotes inflammation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021166
T211 76230-76239 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T212 76433-76442 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T213 76602-76611 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T214 77528-77530 Disease denotes NM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008091|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0011603
T216 77685-77694 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T217 77695-77710 Disease denotes virus infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T218 77701-77710 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T219 78212-78257 Disease denotes Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0025494
T220 79173-79182 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T221 79208-79220 Disease denotes inflammation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021166
T222 80443-80452 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T223 80630-80642 Disease denotes inflammation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021166
T224 80737-80741 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T225 80833-80842 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T226 80914-80926 Disease denotes inflammation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021166
T227 80992-81001 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T228 81113-81122 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T229 81235-81247 Disease denotes inflammation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021166
T230 81297-81306 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T231 81357-81361 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T232 81541-81557 Disease denotes viral infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T233 81691-81701 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T234 81820-81830 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T235 82780-82794 Disease denotes herpes simplex http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004609
T236 83161-83170 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T237 83590-83599 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T238 84165-84171 Disease denotes cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004992
T239 84654-84665 Disease denotes hepatitis C http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005231
T240 84654-84663 Disease denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002251
T241 85625-85636 Disease denotes hepatitis C http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005231
T242 85625-85634 Disease denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002251
T243 87174-87209 Disease denotes swine transmissible gastroenteritis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0025420
T244 87194-87209 Disease denotes gastroenteritis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002269
T245 87225-87234 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T246 87649-87671 Disease denotes foot-and-mouth disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005765
T247 87658-87671 Disease denotes mouth disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006858
T248 88296-88305 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T249 88603-88612 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T250 88690-88699 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T251 88751-88760 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T252 89130-89140 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T253 89363-89367 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T254 89480-89484 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T255 89872-89876 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T256 90725-90736 Disease denotes hepatitis B http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005344
T257 90725-90734 Disease denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002251
T258 91167-91169 Disease denotes NM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008091|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0011603
T260 91265-91274 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T261 91916-91924 Disease denotes H1N1 flu http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005460
T262 91921-91924 Disease denotes flu http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T263 91935-91939 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T264 91955-91959 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T265 92297-92301 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T266 92977-92986 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T267 94507-94516 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T268 94777-94786 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T269 95576-95598 Disease denotes iron deficiency anemia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001356
T270 95581-95598 Disease denotes deficiency anemia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001639
T271 95592-95598 Disease denotes anemia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002280
T272 95622-95644 Disease denotes chronic kidney disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005300
T273 95630-95644 Disease denotes kidney disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001343|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005240
T275 95702-95717 Disease denotes prostate cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008315
T276 95711-95717 Disease denotes cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004992
T277 96373-96386 Disease denotes pseudoallergy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0044981
T278 96745-96761 Disease denotes hypersensitivity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0000605|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005271

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T14 135-142 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T15 547-550 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001562 denotes a 2
T16 547-550 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001563 denotes a 2
T17 617-618 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T18 692-693 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T19 883-886 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T20 1079-1086 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T21 1094-1095 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T22 1130-1142 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001155 denotes colonization
T23 1182-1187 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T24 1272-1273 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T25 1807-1810 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001000 denotes 3−5
T26 2021-2024 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T27 2112-2115 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T28 2372-2373 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T29 2391-2399 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T30 2642-2647 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T31 2785-2793 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T32 2888-2893 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T33 2981-2989 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T34 3022-3027 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T35 3507-3515 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T36 3524-3529 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T37 3550-3563 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T38 3573-3580 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009985 denotes focused
T39 3742-3747 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T40 3779-3789 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells will
T41 3874-3884 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells will
T42 3953-3961 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T43 4009-4013 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T44 4030-4040 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T45 4437-4445 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T46 4580-4587 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T47 5090-5097 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T48 5166-5170 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T49 5505-5511 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes humans
T50 5516-5523 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T51 5757-5764 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T52 5775-5780 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T53 5849-5854 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T54 5859-5863 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T55 5970-5975 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T56 5979-5984 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T57 6114-6115 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T58 6247-6251 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T59 6291-6298 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T60 6390-6397 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T61 6630-6635 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T62 6652-6657 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T63 6690-6694 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T64 6735-6740 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T65 6970-6973 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T66 7022-7029 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T67 7075-7076 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T68 7178-7186 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100026 denotes organism
T69 7178-7186 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000468 denotes organism
T70 7229-7230 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T71 7477-7478 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T72 7586-7587 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T73 7723-7725 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008192 denotes NP
T74 8455-8456 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T75 8502-8503 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T76 8699-8704 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T77 8728-8733 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T78 8750-8755 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T79 8776-8780 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T80 8812-8817 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T81 8846-8851 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T82 8945-8950 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T83 8959-8963 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T84 8964-8972 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membrane
T85 9013-9016 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T86 9066-9071 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T87 9189-9190 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T88 9216-9224 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_2 denotes bacteria
T89 9373-9381 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membrane
T90 9391-9396 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T91 9413-9418 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T92 9435-9438 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001004 denotes CD4
T93 9465-9470 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T94 9508-9510 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T95 9523-9524 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T96 9819-9827 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T97 9945-9946 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T98 10381-10388 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T99 10405-10412 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T100 10574-10579 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T101 10598-10606 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T102 10671-10672 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T103 10919-10920 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T104 10938-10946 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T105 11018-11023 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T106 11205-11213 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T107 11294-11299 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T108 11350-11355 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T109 11382-11389 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T110 11401-11406 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T111 11504-11509 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T112 11568-11575 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T113 11588-11589 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T114 11627-11632 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T115 11681-11686 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T116 11722-11727 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T117 11752-11757 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T118 11768-11773 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T119 11822-11823 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T120 11831-11836 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T121 11999-12003 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T122 12004-12013 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membranes
T123 12433-12438 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T124 12458-12464 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes active
T125 12564-12566 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T126 12788-12790 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T127 12824-12829 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T128 12879-12880 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T129 12881-12886 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T130 13186-13191 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T131 13224-13229 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T132 13294-13299 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T133 13306-13312 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9479 denotes Monkey
T134 13317-13322 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T135 13361-13366 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T136 13372-13376 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T137 13403-13405 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T138 13416-13421 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T139 13465-13470 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T140 13597-13605 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051806 denotes RD cells
T141 13597-13605 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051808 denotes RD cells
T142 13597-13605 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051894 denotes RD cells
T143 13597-13599 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008770 denotes RD
T144 13722-13724 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T145 13928-13933 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T146 14000-14001 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T147 14033-14036 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000013344 denotes Ad3
T148 14037-14042 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T149 14048-14049 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T150 14162-14167 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T151 14193-14198 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T152 14342-14343 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T153 14344-14349 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T154 14401-14404 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T155 14489-14496 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T156 14549-14552 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T157 14587-14588 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T158 14649-14657 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T159 14684-14689 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T160 14824-14832 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membrane
T161 14871-14872 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T162 15353-15363 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activities
T163 15437-15440 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T164 15654-15658 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T165 15724-15725 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T166 16027-16029 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T167 16082-16085 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T168 16488-16491 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T169 16534-16539 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T170 16848-16858 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activities
T171 16886-16891 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T172 16927-16932 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T173 17037-17045 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T174 17059-17064 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T175 17065-17067 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T176 17099-17100 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T177 17160-17161 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T178 17194-17195 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T179 17634-17639 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T180 17801-17808 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T181 17876-17883 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T182 17917-17922 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T183 18002-18007 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T184 18137-18139 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T185 18200-18203 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001360 denotes 412
T186 18244-18249 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T187 18279-18284 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T188 18333-18341 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T189 18379-18381 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001302 denotes 34
T190 18396-18398 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001000 denotes 35
T191 18412-18414 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001313 denotes 36
T192 18646-18651 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T193 18657-18661 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T194 18688-18690 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T195 18745-18750 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T196 18863-18868 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T197 18876-18880 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T198 18899-18901 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054055 denotes 71
T199 18993-19003 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T200 19103-19108 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T201 19190-19191 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T202 19323-19331 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T203 19508-19513 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T204 19568-19573 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T205 19704-19709 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T206 19803-19808 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T207 19838-19843 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T208 19862-19867 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T209 19973-19977 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T210 20157-20162 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T211 20181-20186 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T212 20190-20191 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T213 20411-20412 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T214 20599-20607 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T215 20655-20660 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T216 20690-20695 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T217 20845-20854 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001627 denotes (A) and a
T218 20913-20914 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T219 20941-20942 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T220 20996-21001 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T221 21045-21050 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T222 21052-21053 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes b
T223 21092-21093 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T224 21288-21290 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001302 denotes 34
T225 21297-21299 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001000 denotes 35
T226 21563-21564 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T227 21606-21614 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T228 21765-21773 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T229 22324-22332 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T230 22742-22750 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T231 22886-22891 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T232 22999-23005 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T233 23049-23054 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T234 23208-23216 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membrane
T235 23231-23236 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T236 23247-23252 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T237 23267-23270 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T238 23395-23402 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T239 23476-23477 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T240 23576-23579 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T241 23635-23642 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T242 23653-23661 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T243 23719-23720 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T244 23786-23787 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T245 23824-23832 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T246 23917-23918 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T247 23982-23985 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T248 24132-24140 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T249 24215-24216 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T250 24217-24222 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T251 24352-24359 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T252 24389-24394 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T253 24429-24430 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T254 24559-24567 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T255 24728-24731 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T256 25063-25068 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T257 25293-25307 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33247 denotes organic groups
T258 25324-25328 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T259 25403-25408 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T260 25455-25459 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T261 25563-25570 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100026 denotes organic
T262 25563-25570 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000468 denotes organic
T263 25629-25634 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T264 25683-25691 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T265 25692-25694 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053794 denotes 41
T266 25777-25778 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T267 25885-25886 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T268 25945-25953 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T269 26004-26018 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33247 denotes organic groups
T270 26106-26111 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T271 26137-26140 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T272 26560-26561 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T273 26579-26585 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T274 26660-26661 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T275 26685-26690 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T276 26784-26785 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T277 27089-27090 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T278 27253-27255 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053799 denotes 45
T279 27281-27282 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T280 27417-27420 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T281 27473-27474 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T282 27500-27508 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T283 27523-27528 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T284 27562-27563 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T285 27604-27607 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T286 27812-27815 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T287 27917-27925 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000018263 denotes peptides
T288 28291-28297 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes active
T289 28329-28330 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T290 28346-28349 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T291 28436-28437 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T292 28444-28452 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membrane
T293 28531-28534 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T294 28539-28547 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T295 28679-28687 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000018263 denotes peptides
T296 28825-28833 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000018263 denotes peptides
T297 28902-28904 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001382 denotes 48
T298 29136-29144 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T299 29506-29514 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T300 29563-29570 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T301 29591-29596 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T302 29643-29644 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T303 29645-29650 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T304 29866-29869 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T305 29881-29882 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T306 30039-30045 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes active
T307 30245-30250 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T308 30386-30391 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T309 30403-30404 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T310 30430-30438 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100026 denotes organism
T311 30430-30438 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000468 denotes organism
T312 30763-30764 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T313 30785-30793 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T314 30892-30897 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T315 31068-31073 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T316 31155-31161 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signal
T317 31183-31189 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signal
T318 31582-31583 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T319 31584-31592 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_32523 denotes tetrapod
T320 31646-31650 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T321 32048-32051 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T322 32087-32095 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T323 32549-32555 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T324 32828-32831 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T325 32837-32838 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T326 32933-32938 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes field
T327 33032-33040 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T328 33209-33214 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes field
T329 33489-33492 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T330 33683-33688 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T331 33730-33737 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T332 33929-33936 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T333 34097-34104 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T334 34179-34184 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T335 34256-34261 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T336 34335-34336 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T337 34646-34651 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T338 34728-34733 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T339 34767-34772 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T340 34887-34901 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000451 denotes dendritic cell
T341 35008-35015 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000084 denotes T cells
T342 35323-35325 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001313 denotes 36
T343 35425-35426 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T344 35794-35796 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001313 denotes 36
T345 35957-35969 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054299 denotes Jurkat cells
T346 35984-35987 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001004 denotes CD4
T347 36001-36006 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T348 36138-36139 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T349 36215-36216 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T350 36243-36245 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001313 denotes 36
T351 36269-36270 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T352 36326-36327 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T353 36361-36363 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001313 denotes 36
T354 36388-36389 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T355 36520-36521 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T356 36539-36547 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T357 36793-36794 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T358 36855-36856 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T359 37031-37039 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes Activity
T360 37164-37169 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T361 37355-37357 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001313 denotes 36
T362 37366-37368 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T363 37436-37438 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001313 denotes 36
T364 37665-37667 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001313 denotes 36
T365 37884-37886 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001382 denotes 48
T366 38103-38104 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T367 38164-38165 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes b
T368 38318-38319 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T369 38608-38609 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T370 38636-38637 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T371 38748-38753 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T372 38844-38845 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T373 38902-38903 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T374 38993-38994 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T375 39159-39160 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T376 39643-39645 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001313 denotes 36
T377 39698-39699 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T378 39846-39853 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T379 39966-39971 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T380 40055-40056 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T381 40169-40175 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T382 40202-40203 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T383 40307-40308 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T384 40527-40528 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T385 40608-40613 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T386 40763-40764 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T387 40942-40949 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T388 41075-41080 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T389 41088-41091 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T390 41097-41098 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T391 41208-41209 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T392 41381-41389 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T393 41475-41480 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T394 41571-41576 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T395 41617-41618 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T396 41775-41780 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T397 41804-41809 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T398 41870-41875 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T399 41904-41912 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T400 42112-42113 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T401 42188-42196 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes by human
T402 42197-42201 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T403 42197-42201 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T404 42665-42670 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes field
T405 42671-42674 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T406 42841-42849 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T407 42885-42888 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T408 43026-43035 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membranes
T409 43253-43254 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T410 43293-43301 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T411 43435-43436 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T412 43728-43736 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T413 43834-43840 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes active
T414 43986-43987 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T415 44138-44139 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T416 44306-44310 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T417 44351-44352 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T418 44491-44492 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T419 44584-44589 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T420 44598-44603 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T421 44614-44619 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T422 44639-44646 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T423 44699-44704 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T424 44946-44954 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T425 45062-45068 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T426 45090-45095 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T427 45269-45270 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T428 46206-46219 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0001034 denotes cell in vitro
T429 46263-46267 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T430 46283-46286 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T431 46334-46335 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T432 46561-46566 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T433 46672-46677 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T434 46710-46718 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T435 46948-46956 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T436 47288-47296 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T437 47352-47357 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T438 47375-47380 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T439 47603-47610 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T440 48285-48288 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T441 48344-48345 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T442 48352-48357 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T443 48736-48744 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T444 49044-49045 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T445 49160-49161 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T446 49180-49184 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_8839 denotes duck
T447 49364-49371 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100026 denotes organic
T448 49364-49371 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000468 denotes organic
T449 49500-49504 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T450 49807-49808 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T451 49851-49858 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T452 49873-49880 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T453 49882-49887 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T454 49911-49916 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T455 49932-49939 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100026 denotes organic
T456 49932-49939 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000468 denotes organic
T457 50010-50013 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T458 50306-50309 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T459 50366-50371 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T460 50397-50402 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T461 50427-50430 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T462 50593-50598 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T463 50777-50778 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T464 50807-50811 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T465 50989-50997 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T466 51092-51097 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T467 51092-51097 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 denotes blood
T468 51120-51128 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T469 51217-51220 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T470 51507-51514 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T471 51613-51618 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T472 51728-51756 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001307 denotes heparan sulfate proteoglycan
T473 51758-51762 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001307 denotes HSPG
T474 51836-51846 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_2759 denotes eukaryotic
T475 51847-51857 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000000 denotes cell types
T476 51868-51875 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T477 51893-51898 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T478 51909-51914 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T479 52043-52047 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001307 denotes HSPG
T480 52091-52096 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T481 52097-52101 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T482 52362-52366 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T483 52370-52374 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T484 52443-52448 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T485 52465-52466 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T486 52546-52554 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T487 52599-52604 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T488 52662-52666 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T489 52998-52999 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T490 53126-53132 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T491 53151-53155 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001307 denotes HSPG
T492 53166-53173 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T493 53183-53184 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T494 53200-53208 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T495 53262-53270 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T496 53646-53647 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T497 53706-53707 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T498 53797-53798 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T499 54495-54496 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T500 54552-54557 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T501 54651-54659 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T502 54693-54694 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T503 54799-54805 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T504 54842-54847 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T505 54878-54883 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T506 54940-54942 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001527 denotes 94
T507 55037-55042 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T508 55342-55347 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T509 55546-55548 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001527 denotes 94
T510 55597-55598 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T511 55625-55630 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T512 55674-55679 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T513 55781-55785 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001185 denotes 2018
T514 55812-55813 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T515 55841-55846 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T516 55894-55899 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T517 55993-55995 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001527 denotes 94
T518 56084-56085 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T519 56279-56287 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes Activity
T520 56300-56305 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes Cells
T521 56388-56389 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T522 56654-56659 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T523 56660-56663 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T524 57403-57406 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T525 57605-57611 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003103 denotes organs
T526 57836-57841 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T527 57893-57897 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T528 58088-58092 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T529 58255-58259 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T530 58335-58341 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T531 58513-58514 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T532 58579-58584 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T533 58612-58616 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T534 58680-58688 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T535 58700-58705 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T536 58726-58731 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T537 58759-58763 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T538 58838-58846 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T539 58865-58873 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000984 denotes testicle
T540 58874-58879 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T541 58971-58973 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T542 59031-59035 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T543 59058-59068 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T544 59099-59108 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signaling
T545 59109-59111 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T546 59138-59141 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T547 59291-59296 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes genes
T548 59335-59338 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T549 59373-59376 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T550 59414-59424 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activities
T551 59491-59496 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T552 59520-59525 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T553 59804-59809 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T554 59862-59866 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T555 59914-59919 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T556 60132-60136 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T557 60296-60300 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T558 60301-60309 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membrane
T559 60362-60370 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membrane
T560 60562-60569 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100026 denotes organic
T561 60562-60569 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000468 denotes organic
T562 60626-60633 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T563 60655-60656 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T564 60663-60670 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009985 denotes focused
T565 60965-60971 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes active
T566 60993-60996 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T567 60997-60998 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T568 60999-61005 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002553 denotes cavity
T569 61012-61013 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T570 61106-61114 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T571 61124-61125 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T572 61142-61148 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes active
T573 61266-61267 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T574 61278-61286 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T575 61354-61357 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001343 denotes aim
T576 61384-61392 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T577 61447-61453 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T578 61466-61474 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T579 61498-61499 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T580 61570-61578 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T581 61670-61671 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T582 61800-61808 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T583 62324-62325 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T584 62370-62373 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054060 denotes 102
T585 62492-62501 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0000031 denotes cell line
T586 62526-62527 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T587 62778-62783 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T588 62803-62805 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T589 62868-62869 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T590 62942-62944 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T591 63152-63159 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T592 63321-63324 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054060 denotes 102
T593 63386-63387 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T594 63447-63448 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T595 63532-63533 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T596 63605-63610 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T597 63618-63619 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T598 63637-63638 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T599 63883-63890 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T600 63978-63979 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T601 64063-64067 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T602 64068-64077 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membranes
T603 64147-64151 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T604 64331-64339 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T605 64348-64355 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T606 64379-64382 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T607 64529-64532 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T608 64559-64562 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050251 denotes CNT
T609 64585-64590 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T610 64686-64691 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T611 64772-64775 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050251 denotes CNT
T612 64965-64971 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes active
T613 65083-65084 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T614 65185-65189 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T615 65209-65210 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T616 65237-65245 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T617 65350-65351 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T618 65590-65591 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T619 65631-65636 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T620 65935-65939 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_7962 denotes carp
T621 65946-65952 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T622 65982-65986 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_7962 denotes carp
T623 66328-66333 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T624 66530-66540 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activities
T625 66705-66706 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T626 66834-66840 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T627 66935-66936 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T628 66952-66960 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T629 66976-66981 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T630 67005-67008 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T631 67065-67070 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T632 67214-67217 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053001 denotes 114
T633 67487-67492 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T634 67518-67528 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000025 denotes tubes, the
T635 67626-67629 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050251 denotes CNT
T636 67716-67717 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T637 67771-67775 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T638 67855-67858 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050251 denotes CNT
T639 67893-67896 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T640 68118-68123 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T641 68124-68127 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T642 68162-68169 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T643 68236-68237 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T644 68269-68273 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T645 68269-68273 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T646 68492-68499 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000084 denotes T cells
T647 68566-68570 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T648 68574-68578 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T649 68636-68637 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T650 68830-68835 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T651 68873-68876 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001046 denotes 116
T652 69061-69066 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T653 69161-69169 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T654 69198-69202 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T655 69523-69526 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T656 69656-69661 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T657 69681-69686 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T658 69925-69926 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T659 69958-69959 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T660 70211-70215 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T661 70263-70268 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T662 70292-70296 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T663 70415-70420 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T664 70426-70427 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T665 70428-70433 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T666 70453-70461 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T667 70711-70717 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes active
T668 70992-70995 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T669 71139-71147 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T670 71337-71342 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T671 71420-71424 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T672 71553-71557 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T673 71656-71664 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T674 71753-71758 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T675 72048-72049 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T676 72194-72199 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T677 72294-72297 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001053 denotes 121
T678 72554-72559 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T679 72798-72803 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T680 72910-72911 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T681 72935-72940 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T682 73012-73013 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes b
T683 73090-73094 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T684 73090-73094 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T685 73174-73178 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001185 denotes 2018
T686 73259-73260 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T687 73344-73345 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T688 73616-73629 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T689 73877-73890 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes Immune System
T690 73934-73939 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T691 74013-74026 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T692 74033-74034 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T693 74035-74040 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T694 74107-74108 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T695 74291-74301 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T696 74395-74397 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T697 74463-74467 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T698 74504-74513 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activated
T699 74633-74637 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T700 74730-74740 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T701 74785-74798 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T702 74933-74938 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T703 74965-74970 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T704 75034-75041 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000236 denotes B cells
T705 75148-75149 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T706 75249-75259 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T707 75393-75406 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T708 75479-75492 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T709 75518-75523 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes Virus
T710 75591-75592 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T711 75623-75633 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activating
T712 75634-75649 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000451 denotes dendritic cells
T713 75651-75658 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000084 denotes T cells
T714 75676-75683 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000236 denotes B cells
T715 75892-75897 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes genes
T716 75937-75942 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T717 76035-76040 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T718 76131-76138 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T719 76274-76287 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T720 76288-76291 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T721 76638-76643 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T722 76667-76671 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T723 76819-76824 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T724 76904-76909 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes genes
T725 77151-77158 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T726 77387-77395 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T727 77430-77435 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007836 denotes mouse
T728 77455-77465 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T729 77499-77502 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T730 77577-77582 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T731 77695-77700 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T732 77714-77735 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000082 denotes lung epithelial cells
T733 77779-77800 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000082 denotes lung epithelial cells
T734 77966-77971 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T735 78258-78263 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T736 78308-78313 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T737 78342-78346 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T738 78347-78355 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membrane
T739 78411-78416 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T740 78497-78511 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0001034 denotes cells in vitro
T741 78588-78598 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T742 78672-78676 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001185 denotes 2018
T743 78773-78781 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activate
T744 79049-79057 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activate
T745 79188-79189 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T746 79333-79337 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T747 79439-79440 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T748 79513-79514 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T749 79529-79538 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_7955 denotes zebrafish
T750 79539-79545 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002548 denotes larvae
T751 79584-79585 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T752 79663-79666 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054061 denotes 132
T753 79787-79788 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T754 80101-80105 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T755 80158-80159 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T756 80312-80325 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T757 80541-80546 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T758 80661-80666 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T759 81053-81058 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T760 81174-81187 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T761 81230-81234 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T762 81230-81234 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T763 81314-81315 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T764 81362-81369 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T765 81456-81469 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T766 81527-81533 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes active
T767 81568-81581 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T768 81629-81634 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T769 81651-81658 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000236 denotes B cells
T770 82108-82115 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T771 82328-82341 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T772 82399-82402 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T773 82504-82505 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T774 82522-82527 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T775 82529-82534 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T776 82672-82685 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T777 82721-82724 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T778 82797-82802 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T779 83010-83014 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T780 83061-83068 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000084 denotes T cells
T781 83147-83148 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T782 83239-83243 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T783 83363-83364 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T784 83409-83417 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_32523 denotes tetrapod
T785 83483-83484 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T786 83701-83705 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002415 denotes tail
T787 83959-83972 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T788 84117-84122 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T789 84335-84340 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T790 84645-84649 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001044 denotes 1141
T791 84666-84673 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T792 84715-84722 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000018263 denotes peptide
T793 85043-85044 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T794 85111-85116 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T795 85185-85186 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T796 85319-85324 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T797 85325-85341 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000927 denotes embryonic kidney
T798 85342-85352 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0000031 denotes cells line
T799 85354-85360 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001230 denotes HEK293
T800 85442-85452 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T801 85475-85484 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signaling
T802 85504-85510 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000084 denotes T cell
T803 85570-85571 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T804 85591-85592 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T805 85876-85877 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T806 86002-86003 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T807 86029-86035 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000084 denotes T cell
T808 86054-86064 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T809 86092-86099 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000236 denotes B cells
T810 86247-86248 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T811 86379-86380 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes b
T812 87033-87044 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10141 denotes guinea pigs
T813 87210-87215 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T814 87515-87516 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T815 87533-87546 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T816 87598-87601 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T817 87658-87663 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000825 denotes mouth
T818 87672-87677 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T819 87816-87824 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T820 87842-87855 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T821 87886-87887 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T822 87918-87921 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001079 denotes 148
T823 87965-87966 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T824 88206-88207 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T825 88317-88325 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membrane
T826 88512-88515 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T827 88516-88517 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T828 88613-88620 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T829 88626-88627 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T830 88700-88705 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T831 88761-88768 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T832 88774-88775 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T833 88832-88835 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T834 88895-88896 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T835 89043-89044 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T836 89256-89257 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T837 89313-89316 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T838 89420-89426 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell’s
T839 89642-89655 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T840 90086-90087 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T841 90244-90245 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T842 90643-90644 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T843 90735-90736 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T844 90772-90780 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T845 90932-90933 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T846 90948-90951 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T847 91005-91010 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T848 91108-91116 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000018263 denotes peptides
T849 91185-91198 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T850 91252-91256 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T851 91260-91264 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T852 91285-91290 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T853 91453-91455 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T854 91468-91470 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T855 91572-91580 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000018263 denotes peptides
T856 91632-91636 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T857 91640-91644 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T858 91645-91650 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T859 91858-91861 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T860 91991-91994 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T861 92037-92043 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes humans
T862 92146-92149 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T863 92295-92296 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T864 92494-92495 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T865 92539-92548 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000876 denotes extremely
T866 92574-92575 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T867 92607-92608 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T868 92638-92639 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T869 93174-93178 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T870 93306-93307 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T871 93347-93355 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T872 93376-93381 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T873 93476-93477 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T874 93604-93612 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T875 93772-93780 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T876 93822-93830 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T877 93982-93983 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T878 94084-94089 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T879 94150-94155 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T880 94214-94222 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T881 94308-94309 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T882 94327-94335 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T883 94440-94445 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T884 94482-94486 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T885 94727-94732 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T886 94756-94769 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T887 94818-94828 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T888 94913-94914 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T889 94915-94920 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T890 94968-94973 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T891 95034-95035 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T892 95560-95561 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T893 95630-95636 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113 denotes kidney
T894 95630-95636 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000927 denotes kidney
T895 95630-95636 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000929 denotes kidney
T896 96247-96260 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T897 96307-96317 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T898 96325-96338 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T899 96354-96364 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T900 96445-96446 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T901 96464-96467 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T902 96527-96533 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes humans
T903 96535-96537 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T904 96620-96625 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T905 96657-96667 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T906 96790-96800 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T907 96810-96815 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T908 96978-96981 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T909 97037-97048 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000029 denotes lymph nodes
T910 97069-97084 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000451 denotes dendritic cells
T911 97163-97168 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T912 97239-97240 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T913 97241-97246 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000982 denotes joint
T914 97241-97246 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004905 denotes joint
T915 97418-97423 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes field

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T7 694-700 Chemical denotes buffer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35225
T8 1409-1418 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T9 1648-1657 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T10 1765-1769 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T11 2045-2056 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
T12 2272-2282 Chemical denotes inhibitors http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222
T13 2719-2731 Chemical denotes metal oxides http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_133331
T14 2725-2731 Chemical denotes oxides http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25741
T15 2739-2745 Chemical denotes metals http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33521
T16 2775-2784 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T17 2821-2829 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T18 2861-2868 Chemical denotes radical http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26519
T19 2971-2980 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T20 3140-3151 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
T21 3163-3179 Chemical denotes antiviral agents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T22 3345-3354 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T23 3497-3506 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T24 3673-3684 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
T25 3915-3924 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T26 4677-4686 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T27 4717-4728 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
T28 4740-4756 Chemical denotes antiviral agents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T29 4978-4994 Chemical denotes antiviral agents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T30 5136-5143 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T31 5266-5276 Chemical denotes antivirals http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T32 5335-5348 Chemical denotes antimicrobial http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33281
T33 5415-5424 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T34 6042-6051 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T35 6101-6109 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T36 6177-6185 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T37 6214-6221 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T38 6335-6343 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T39 6446-6462 Chemical denotes antiviral agents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T40 6485-6496 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
T41 6527-6537 Chemical denotes inhibitors http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222
T42 6769-6782 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T43 6784-6787 Chemical denotes NPs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T44 6798-6802 Chemical denotes gold http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29287|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30050
T46 6807-6813 Chemical denotes silver http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30512|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T48 6833-6849 Chemical denotes antiviral agents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T49 6927-6936 Chemical denotes disulfide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48343
T50 7066-7069 Chemical denotes NPs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T51 7391-7396 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T52 7467-7472 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T53 7522-7527 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T54 7723-7725 Chemical denotes NP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53793|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73425
T57 7726-7731 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T58 7743-7748 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T59 7943-7946 Chemical denotes NPs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T60 8147-8154 Chemical denotes ligands http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
T61 8224-8233 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T62 8287-8293 Chemical denotes silver http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30512|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T64 8306-8310 Chemical denotes gold http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29287|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30050
T66 8319-8332 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T67 8388-8394 Chemical denotes Silver http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T68 8554-8563 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T69 8610-8619 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T70 8897-8904 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T71 9104-9112 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T72 9124-9132 Chemical denotes cysteine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15356
T73 9137-9147 Chemical denotes methionine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16811|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64558
T75 9296-9302 Chemical denotes sulfur http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26833
T76 9329-9341 Chemical denotes glycoprotein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T77 9367-9372 Chemical denotes lipid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18059
T78 9571-9575 Chemical denotes AgNP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50826
T79 9698-9707 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T80 9772-9778 Chemical denotes silver http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30512|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T82 9779-9783 Chemical denotes ions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870
T83 9795-9803 Chemical denotes solution http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75958
T84 9809-9818 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T85 9831-9837 Chemical denotes silver http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30512|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T87 9838-9850 Chemical denotes sulfadiazine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9328
T88 9862-9876 Chemical denotes silver nitrate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32130
T89 9862-9868 Chemical denotes silver http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30512|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T91 9869-9876 Chemical denotes nitrate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17632
T92 9898-9910 Chemical denotes silver salts http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33968
T93 9898-9904 Chemical denotes silver http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30512|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T95 9905-9910 Chemical denotes salts http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866
T96 9932-9937 Chemical denotes salts http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866
T97 10013-10019 Chemical denotes silver http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30512|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T99 10020-10024 Chemical denotes ions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870
T100 10091-10100 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T101 10145-10147 Chemical denotes Ag http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30512|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T103 10149-10153 Chemical denotes ions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870
T104 10165-10173 Chemical denotes solution http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75958
T105 10441-10454 Chemical denotes glycoproteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T106 10588-10597 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T107 10723-10736 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T108 10749-10758 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T109 10928-10937 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T110 11875-11884 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T111 11965-11973 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T112 12426-12432 Chemical denotes Action http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5133
T113 12742-12749 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T114 12844-12847 Chemical denotes DNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991
T115 12955-12963 Chemical denotes electron http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_10545
T116 13007-13010 Chemical denotes DNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991
T117 13072-13091 Chemical denotes double-stranded DNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_4705
T118 13088-13091 Chemical denotes DNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991
T119 13597-13599 Chemical denotes RD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73812
T120 13683-13690 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T121 13707-13719 Chemical denotes glycoprotein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T122 13819-13832 Chemical denotes nucleic acids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696
T123 13827-13832 Chemical denotes acids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T124 13957-13960 Chemical denotes TEM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27919
T125 13986-13989 Chemical denotes NPs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T126 14123-14131 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T127 14218-14221 Chemical denotes DNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991
T128 14309-14328 Chemical denotes double-stranded DNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_4705
T129 14325-14328 Chemical denotes DNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991
T130 14428-14434 Chemical denotes silver http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30512|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T132 14435-14439 Chemical denotes ions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870
T133 14537-14548 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
T134 14600-14612 Chemical denotes polyurethane http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53284|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60737
T136 14732-14738 Chemical denotes silver http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30512|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T138 14739-14743 Chemical denotes ions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870
T139 14783-14786 Chemical denotes NPs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T140 14833-14841 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T141 14889-14899 Chemical denotes silver ion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60247
T142 14889-14895 Chemical denotes silver http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30512|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T144 14896-14899 Chemical denotes ion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870
T145 14963-14972 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T146 15091-15107 Chemical denotes antiviral agents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T147 15143-15152 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T148 15242-15251 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T149 15317-15330 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T150 15343-15352 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T151 15401-15410 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T152 15421-15425 Chemical denotes AgNP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50826
T153 15518-15524 Chemical denotes silver http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30512|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T155 15772-15780 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T156 15793-15806 Chemical denotes glycoproteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T157 15883-15885 Chemical denotes Ag http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30512|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T159 15932-15940 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T160 16065-16081 Chemical denotes antiviral agents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T161 16236-16242 Chemical denotes Silver http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T162 16243-16247 Chemical denotes ions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870
T163 16449-16458 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T164 16722-16749 Chemical denotes Poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53248
T165 16729-16734 Chemical denotes vinyl http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37603
T166 16735-16748 Chemical denotes 2-pyrrolidone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36592
T167 16751-16754 Chemical denotes PVP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53245|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53248
T169 16782-16792 Chemical denotes stabilizer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_77966
T170 16807-16810 Chemical denotes PVP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53245|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53248
T172 16970-16976 Chemical denotes carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33415
T174 16990-16993 Chemical denotes PVP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53245|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53248
T176 17027-17036 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T177 17077-17080 Chemical denotes PVP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53245|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53248
T179 17221-17228 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T180 17312-17327 Chemical denotes antiviral drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36044
T181 17312-17321 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T182 17322-17327 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T183 17353-17357 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T184 17383-17388 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T185 17416-17420 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T186 17448-17457 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T187 17557-17560 Chemical denotes NPs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T188 17716-17723 Chemical denotes tannins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26848
T189 17727-17735 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T190 17748-17759 Chemical denotes tannic acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75211
T191 17755-17759 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T192 17769-17782 Chemical denotes glycoproteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T193 17839-17851 Chemical denotes glycoprotein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T194 17995-18001 Chemical denotes Action http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5133
T195 18091-18097 Chemical denotes carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33415
T197 18099-18102 Chemical denotes PVP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53245|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53248
T199 18160-18163 Chemical denotes PVP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53245|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53248
T201 18188-18195 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T202 18197-18199 Chemical denotes RF http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73818
T203 18229-18236 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T204 18302-18313 Chemical denotes Oseltamivir http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_7798
T205 18383-18393 Chemical denotes Amantadine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2618
T206 18446-18469 Chemical denotes reactive oxygen species http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523
T207 18455-18461 Chemical denotes oxygen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25805
T208 18471-18474 Chemical denotes ROS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523
T209 18621-18635 Chemical denotes polysaccharide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18154
T210 18713-18727 Chemical denotes polysaccharide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18154
T211 18926-18929 Chemical denotes PEI http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_144613|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53231
T213 18934-18943 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T214 18985-18988 Chemical denotes ROS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523
T215 19055-19066 Chemical denotes tannic acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75211
T216 19062-19066 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T217 19204-19213 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T218 19313-19322 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T219 19411-19424 Chemical denotes glycoproteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T220 19514-19523 Chemical denotes inhibitor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222
T221 19647-19655 Chemical denotes polymers http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33839
T222 19931-19944 Chemical denotes glycoproteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T223 19949-19964 Chemical denotes heparan sulfate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28815
T224 19949-19956 Chemical denotes heparan http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24500
T225 19957-19964 Chemical denotes sulfate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16189
T226 19966-19968 Chemical denotes HS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74056|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28815
T228 20062-20064 Chemical denotes Ag http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30512|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T230 20065-20068 Chemical denotes MES http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_39005|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_39010
T232 20099-20101 Chemical denotes HS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74056|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28815
T234 20114-20123 Chemical denotes sulfonate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33543
T235 20225-20233 Chemical denotes curcumin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3962
T236 20375-20386 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
T237 20390-20398 Chemical denotes Curcumin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3962
T238 20458-20466 Chemical denotes curcumin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3962
T239 20589-20598 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T240 20701-20710 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T241 20734-20742 Chemical denotes curcumin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3962
T242 21241-21252 Chemical denotes oseltamivir http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_7798
T243 21254-21264 Chemical denotes amantadine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2618
T244 21270-21279 Chemical denotes zanamivir http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50663
T245 21281-21283 Chemical denotes Ag http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30512|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T247 21291-21293 Chemical denotes Ag http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30512|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T249 21304-21306 Chemical denotes Ag http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30512|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T251 21366-21379 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T252 21575-21584 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T253 21718-21725 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T254 21755-21764 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T255 21914-21920 Chemical denotes silver http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30512|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T257 21921-21925 Chemical denotes ions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870
T258 22018-22030 Chemical denotes disinfectant http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48219
T259 22228-22240 Chemical denotes nanoparticle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T260 22309-22313 Chemical denotes AgNP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50826
T261 22314-22323 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T262 22384-22395 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
T263 22504-22508 Chemical denotes AgNP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50826
T264 22591-22600 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T265 22732-22741 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T266 22806-22810 Chemical denotes Gold http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29287
T267 23009-23019 Chemical denotes inhibitors http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222
T268 23091-23093 Chemical denotes HA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73924
T269 23102-23104 Chemical denotes Au http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29287
T270 23128-23137 Chemical denotes disulfide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48343
T271 23151-23163 Chemical denotes glycoprotein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T272 23264-23266 Chemical denotes HA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73924
T273 23344-23351 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T274 23460-23468 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T275 23777-23780 Chemical denotes NPs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T276 23814-23823 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T277 24122-24131 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T278 24249-24253 Chemical denotes AuNP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50825
T279 24296-24304 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T280 24323-24332 Chemical denotes disulfide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48343
T281 24448-24450 Chemical denotes CC http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28940
T282 24549-24558 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T283 24569-24573 Chemical denotes AuNP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50825
T284 24720-24727 Chemical denotes ligands http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
T285 24769-24778 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T286 24802-24809 Chemical denotes ligands http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
T287 24871-24877 Chemical denotes ligand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
T288 24900-24906 Chemical denotes ligand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
T289 24956-24960 Chemical denotes gold http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29287|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30050
T291 24961-24965 Chemical denotes ions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870
T292 24985-24996 Chemical denotes gallic acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30778
T293 24992-24996 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T294 25108-25114 Chemical denotes ligand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
T295 25115-25118 Chemical denotes NPs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T296 25293-25307 Chemical denotes organic groups http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33247
T297 25548-25558 Chemical denotes sulfonates http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33543
T298 25563-25579 Chemical denotes organic sulfates http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25704
T299 25571-25579 Chemical denotes sulfates http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26820|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35175
T301 25646-25653 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T302 25680-25682 Chemical denotes HA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73924
T303 25721-25731 Chemical denotes sulfonates http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33543
T304 25795-25808 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T305 25821-25834 Chemical denotes succinic acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15741
T306 25830-25834 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T307 25935-25944 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T308 26004-26018 Chemical denotes organic groups http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33247
T309 26025-26030 Chemical denotes Thiol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29256
T310 26283-26289 Chemical denotes ligand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
T311 26368-26381 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T312 26422-26431 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T313 26562-26569 Chemical denotes sulfide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26822
T314 27022-27031 Chemical denotes sulfonate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33543
T315 27069-27072 Chemical denotes NPs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T316 27224-27231 Chemical denotes ligands http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
T317 27272-27275 Chemical denotes NPs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T318 27437-27444 Chemical denotes dendron http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_51338
T319 27490-27499 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T320 27674-27687 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T321 27753-27759 Chemical denotes ligand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
T322 27843-27852 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T323 27903-27912 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T324 27917-27925 Chemical denotes peptides http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16670
T325 28044-28048 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T326 28071-28080 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T327 28258-28267 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T328 28310-28314 Chemical denotes AuNP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50825
T329 28460-28469 Chemical denotes inhibitor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222
T330 28679-28687 Chemical denotes peptides http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16670
T331 28825-28833 Chemical denotes peptides http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16670
T332 28940-28946 Chemical denotes Oxygen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15379
T333 28991-28994 Chemical denotes NPs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T334 29016-29022 Chemical denotes metals http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33521
T335 29053-29057 Chemical denotes ions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870
T336 29126-29135 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T337 29177-29180 Chemical denotes NPs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T338 29192-29194 Chemical denotes Cu http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28694
T339 29198-29200 Chemical denotes Fe http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18248
T340 29243-29251 Chemical denotes radicals http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26519
T341 29310-29318 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T342 29395-29401 Chemical denotes copper http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28694|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30052
T344 29402-29406 Chemical denotes ions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870
T345 29421-29429 Chemical denotes sulfates http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26820|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35175
T347 29433-29445 Chemical denotes iodide salts http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24858
T348 29433-29439 Chemical denotes iodide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16382
T349 29440-29445 Chemical denotes salts http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866
T350 29472-29488 Chemical denotes antiviral agents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T351 29707-29709 Chemical denotes Cu http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28694
T352 29711-29715 Chemical denotes ions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870
T353 29730-29735 Chemical denotes salts http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866
T354 29739-29752 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T355 29768-29776 Chemical denotes hydroxyl http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29191|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_43176
T357 29777-29785 Chemical denotes radicals http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26519
T358 29809-29815 Chemical denotes copper http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28694|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30052
T360 29951-29953 Chemical denotes Cu http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28694
T361 29977-29979 Chemical denotes Cu http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28694
T362 29981-29986 Chemical denotes salts http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866
T363 29998-30004 Chemical denotes copper http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28694|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30052
T365 30005-30009 Chemical denotes ions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870
T366 30103-30116 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T367 30274-30280 Chemical denotes copper http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28694|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30052
T369 30281-30286 Chemical denotes salts http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866
T370 30333-30356 Chemical denotes reactive oxygen species http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523
T371 30342-30348 Chemical denotes oxygen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25805
T372 30358-30361 Chemical denotes ROS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523
T373 30521-30527 Chemical denotes oxides http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25741
T374 30567-30583 Chemical denotes antiviral agents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T375 30625-30638 Chemical denotes cuprous oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_81908
T376 30633-30638 Chemical denotes oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25741|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29356
T378 30639-30652 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T379 30751-30754 Chemical denotes NPs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T380 30775-30784 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T381 31026-31035 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T382 31172-31176 Chemical denotes DAPI http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_51231
T383 31200-31205 Chemical denotes oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25741|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29356
T385 31206-31209 Chemical denotes NPs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T386 31350-31354 Chemical denotes zinc http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27363|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30185
T388 31355-31360 Chemical denotes salts http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866
T389 31392-31412 Chemical denotes antimicrobial agents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33281
T390 31486-31489 Chemical denotes ZnO http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36560
T391 31490-31503 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T392 31680-31682 Chemical denotes HS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74056|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28815
T394 31817-31825 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T395 32006-32009 Chemical denotes ROS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523
T396 32027-32033 Chemical denotes copper http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28694|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30052
T398 32034-32047 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T399 32077-32086 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T400 32099-32105 Chemical denotes copper http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28694|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30052
T402 32106-32119 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T403 32164-32166 Chemical denotes Cu http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28694
T404 32168-32172 Chemical denotes ions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870
T405 32176-32184 Chemical denotes solution http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75958
T406 32376-32379 Chemical denotes ROS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523
T407 32476-32488 Chemical denotes copper oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_134069|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75955
T409 32476-32482 Chemical denotes copper http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28694|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30052
T411 32483-32488 Chemical denotes oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25741|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29356
T413 32489-32502 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T414 32631-32637 Chemical denotes Carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594
T415 32720-32726 Chemical denotes carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33415
T417 32889-32895 Chemical denotes carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33415
T419 32923-32932 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T420 32991-32997 Chemical denotes carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33415
T422 33084-33093 Chemical denotes fullerene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T423 33155-33160 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T424 33169-33174 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T425 33256-33265 Chemical denotes fullerene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T426 33316-33325 Chemical denotes fullerene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T427 33365-33374 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T428 33521-33527 Chemical denotes carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33415
T430 33569-33575 Chemical denotes carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33415
T432 33591-33605 Chemical denotes graphene oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_132889
T433 33591-33599 Chemical denotes graphene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36973
T434 33600-33605 Chemical denotes oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25741|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29356
T436 33607-33609 Chemical denotes GO http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_132889
T437 34039-34049 Chemical denotes antivirals http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T438 34119-34126 Chemical denotes glycans http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18154
T439 34446-34455 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T440 34456-34465 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T441 34467-34471 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T442 34472-34480 Chemical denotes carriers http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78059
T443 34870-34877 Chemical denotes mannose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37684
T444 35056-35063 Chemical denotes mannose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37684
T445 35082-35091 Chemical denotes fullerene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T446 35297-35304 Chemical denotes mannose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37684
T447 35355-35364 Chemical denotes fullerene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T448 35438-35447 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T449 35559-35561 Chemical denotes Cu http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28694
T450 35575-35580 Chemical denotes azide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22680|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_40910
T452 35581-35587 Chemical denotes alkyne http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22339
T453 35628-35634 Chemical denotes alkyne http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22339
T454 35771-35778 Chemical denotes mannose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37684
T455 35837-35845 Chemical denotes malonate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15792|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38083
T457 35860-35875 Chemical denotes pentaerythritol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_134760
T458 36196-36203 Chemical denotes mannose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37684
T459 36204-36213 Chemical denotes fullerene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T460 36246-36253 Chemical denotes mannose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37684
T461 36254-36263 Chemical denotes fullerene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T462 36285-36288 Chemical denotes PEG http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46793
T463 36297-36305 Chemical denotes ethylene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29362
T464 36306-36311 Chemical denotes oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25741|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29356
T466 36364-36371 Chemical denotes mannose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37684
T467 36372-36382 Chemical denotes fullerenes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T468 36405-36408 Chemical denotes PEG http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46793
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T491 37495-37503 Chemical denotes malonate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15792|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38083
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T510 38278-38287 Chemical denotes fullerene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T511 38408-38418 Chemical denotes fullerenes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
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T513 38833-38842 Chemical denotes dendrimer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_51338|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61483
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T522 39282-39289 Chemical denotes alkynes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22339
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T525 39438-39444 Chemical denotes copper http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28694|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30052
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T528 39486-39494 Chemical denotes molecule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T529 39607-39620 Chemical denotes disaccharides http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36233
T530 39646-39658 Chemical denotes disaccharide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36233
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T539 41150-41160 Chemical denotes fullerenes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
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T545 42306-42312 Chemical denotes carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33415
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T548 42437-42443 Chemical denotes carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33415
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T551 42507-42513 Chemical denotes carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33415
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T567 44048-44053 Chemical denotes amide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29337|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32988
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T49696 47552-47557 Chemical denotes acids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T83493 47562-47570 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T30257 47662-47671 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
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T79577 48192-48199 Chemical denotes radical http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26519
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T63052 49063-49079 Chemical denotes antiviral agents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T67337 49129-49138 Chemical denotes hypericin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5835
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T18551 49391-49401 Chemical denotes iron oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50816|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50820
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T74333 49396-49401 Chemical denotes oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25741|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29356
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T26721 50747-50755 Chemical denotes graphene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36973
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T87241 51198-51202 Chemical denotes salt http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26710
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T16552 52241-52244 Chemical denotes MES http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_39005|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_39010
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T39535 52277-52280 Chemical denotes MES http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_39005|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_39010
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T65 52290-52293 Chemical denotes MES http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_39005|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_39010
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T26270 52514-52516 Chemical denotes Au http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29287
T26463 52517-52520 Chemical denotes MES http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_39005|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_39010
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T78657 57967-57970 Chemical denotes ROS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523
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T68146 58200-58203 Chemical denotes ROS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523
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T97861 58670-58679 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
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T60912 59153-59162 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T66877 59246-59250 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
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T48501 63849-63864 Chemical denotes antiviral drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36044
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T63597 64079-64085 Chemical denotes carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33415
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T73215 64508-64517 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
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T34657 64751-64760 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
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T38935 64802-64806 Chemical denotes CNTs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50594
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T229 64987-65019 Chemical denotes reverse transcriptase inhibitors http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53756|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59897
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T8456 65703-65712 Chemical denotes cidofovir http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_134514|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3696|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_530615|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59495
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T78052 66000-66004 Chemical denotes CNTs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50594
T22728 66064-66073 Chemical denotes ribavirin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63580
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T98424 66561-66565 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
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T80445 66942-66951 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
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T99991 67263-67271 Chemical denotes carriers http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78059
T45450 67276-67291 Chemical denotes antiviral drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36044
T75182 67276-67285 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
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T20264 67358-67369 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
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T86788 67626-67629 Chemical denotes CNT http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50594
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T42477 67855-67858 Chemical denotes CNT http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50594
T35874 67859-67870 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
T290 67976-67987 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
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T43368 68802-68805 Chemical denotes ROS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523
T75153 68970-68981 Chemical denotes metal oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_133331
T31188 68976-68981 Chemical denotes oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25741|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29356
T82861 69023-69030 Chemical denotes radical http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26519
T73572 69153-69160 Chemical denotes radical http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26519
T94867 69187-69190 Chemical denotes ROS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523
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T54565 69242-69247 Chemical denotes oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25741|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29356
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T38145 69283-69287 Chemical denotes ions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870
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T29942 69316-69323 Chemical denotes radical http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26519
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T61614 69547-69550 Chemical denotes ZnO http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36560
T78326 69581-69584 Chemical denotes ZnO http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36560
T8363 69734-69737 Chemical denotes ZnO http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36560
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T54344 69862-69865 Chemical denotes ZnO http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36560
T93542 69906-69909 Chemical denotes PEG http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46793
T3911 69987-69990 Chemical denotes Zn2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37256
T27718 69992-69996 Chemical denotes ions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870
T95416 70009-70012 Chemical denotes ROS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523
T81599 70032-70035 Chemical denotes ROS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523
T39552 70043-70053 Chemical denotes superoxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18421
T5113 70058-70066 Chemical denotes hydroxyl http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29191|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_43176
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T33127 70175-70184 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T16546 70248-70251 Chemical denotes ROS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523
T48087 70575-70578 Chemical denotes ROS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523
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T77715 70826-70837 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
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T25704 71086-71089 Chemical denotes ion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870
T74642 71116-71119 Chemical denotes ROS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523
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T82804 71344-71347 Chemical denotes ROS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523
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T98903 71646-71655 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
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T9733 72988-72991 Chemical denotes RBV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63580
T26045 73003-73005 Chemical denotes Se http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27568
T377 73006-73009 Chemical denotes RBV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63580
T44616 73052-73054 Chemical denotes Se http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27568
T57251 73055-73058 Chemical denotes RBV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63580
T71131 74381-74383 Chemical denotes IL http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072
T15477 74392-74394 Chemical denotes IL http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072
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T17721 74663-74666 Chemical denotes ROS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523
T22493 75449-75459 Chemical denotes interferon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52999
T387 75461-75464 Chemical denotes IFN http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52999
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T81235 76335-76344 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
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T2554 77342-77344 Chemical denotes IL http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072
T84200 77528-77530 Chemical denotes NM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141423
T87382 78086-78091 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T87861 78136-78144 Chemical denotes graphene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36973
T397 78172-78181 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T18062 78850-78854 Chemical denotes Gold http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29287
T5191 78855-78863 Chemical denotes nanorods http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50805
T4290 78976-78984 Chemical denotes nanorods http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50805
T401 79228-79232 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T71308 79233-79241 Chemical denotes carriers http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78059
T51626 79303-79307 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T57140 79415-79429 Chemical denotes antiviral drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36044
T6387 79415-79424 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T95983 79425-79429 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T83659 79453-79462 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T408 79500-79504 Chemical denotes CNTs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50594
T23287 79520-79524 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T410 79851-79860 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T18224 79903-79911 Chemical denotes hydroxyl http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29191|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_43176
T7099 79923-79934 Chemical denotes amino acids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33709
T95980 79923-79928 Chemical denotes amino http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46882
T43429 79929-79934 Chemical denotes acids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T416 80171-80180 Chemical denotes fullerene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T66276 80767-80777 Chemical denotes fullerenes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T418 81255-81258 Chemical denotes ROS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523
T7831 82146-82154 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T25105 82158-82166 Chemical denotes antigens http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T421 82275-82283 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T94550 82540-82553 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T83526 82906-82909 Chemical denotes ZnO http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36560
T42611 83049-83057 Chemical denotes antigens http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T49087 83270-83279 Chemical denotes adjuvants http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60809
T2482 83375-83383 Chemical denotes electron http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_10545
T84943 83405-83408 Chemical denotes ZnO http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36560
T28944 83418-83431 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T429 83689-83693 Chemical denotes base http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22695
T71869 83928-83936 Chemical denotes antigens http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T431 84008-84016 Chemical denotes carriers http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78059
T59578 84037-84042 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T70995 84046-84059 Chemical denotes nucleic acids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696
T36758 84054-84059 Chemical denotes acids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T435 84079-84088 Chemical denotes fullerene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T25943 84203-84213 Chemical denotes fullerenes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T92155 84270-84279 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T78537 84407-84415 Chemical denotes antigens http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T34519 84703-84710 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T78893 84715-84722 Chemical denotes peptide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16670
T2915 84757-84764 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T90179 84801-84804 Chemical denotes DNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991
T54242 84902-84905 Chemical denotes DNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991
T88871 85017-85026 Chemical denotes adjuvants http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60809
T5137 85148-85151 Chemical denotes DNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991
T33659 85224-85227 Chemical denotes DNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991
T83608 85256-85263 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T89684 85488-85496 Chemical denotes effector http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35224
T93600 85663-85670 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T32583 85674-85681 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T451 85744-85753 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T29983 85932-85943 Chemical denotes pyrrolidine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33135
T26531 85944-85948 Chemical denotes tris http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9754
T22588 85949-85953 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T20067 86116-86118 Chemical denotes IL http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072
T48471 86220-86228 Chemical denotes adjuvant http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60809
T3391 86324-86333 Chemical denotes fullerene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T16718 86371-86376 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T80645 86423-86426 Chemical denotes DNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991
T93663 86484-86487 Chemical denotes TEM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27919
T94403 86565-86570 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T39840 86572-86575 Chemical denotes IFN http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52999
T15260 86845-86852 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T465 87127-87135 Chemical denotes carriers http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78059
T10690 87145-87153 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T98587 87366-87373 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T89560 87398-87411 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T74794 87764-87771 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T54879 87772-87780 Chemical denotes carriers http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78059
T471 88042-88049 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T58098 88100-88112 Chemical denotes nanoparticle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T98344 88187-88194 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T74311 88326-88339 Chemical denotes glycoproteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T73611 88396-88404 Chemical denotes antigens http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T10437 88498-88505 Chemical denotes epitope http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53000
T56763 88622-88624 Chemical denotes M2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_34827|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_51112
T27712 88634-88641 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T79982 88882-88889 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T1331 88945-88952 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T88129 89235-89244 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T82544 89395-89403 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T40834 89582-89595 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T485 89610-89618 Chemical denotes antigens http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T88591 89895-89903 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T53986 89917-89925 Chemical denotes antigens http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T27797 89971-89978 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T44734 90039-90043 Chemical denotes AuNP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50825
T86684 90133-90140 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T36176 90268-90275 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T492 90399-90416 Chemical denotes calcium phosphate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_77635|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9679
T38844 90399-90406 Chemical denotes calcium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22984|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29320
T68910 90407-90416 Chemical denotes phosphate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18367|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26020|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35780|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_43474
T46514 90417-90430 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T66653 90515-90522 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T99911 90584-90592 Chemical denotes antigens http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T81558 90676-90686 Chemical denotes iron oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50816|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50820
T4061 90676-90680 Chemical denotes iron http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18248
T45079 90681-90686 Chemical denotes oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25741|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29356
T14367 90697-90704 Chemical denotes mannose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37684
T81178 90735-90744 Chemical denotes B antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_139353
T5490 90737-90744 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T32474 91075-91079 Chemical denotes alum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74768
T15151 91091-91099 Chemical denotes adjuvant http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60809
T86371 91108-91116 Chemical denotes peptides http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16670
T514 91120-91128 Chemical denotes antigens http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T82326 91167-91169 Chemical denotes NM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141423
T7076 91545-91553 Chemical denotes adjuvant http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60809
T89486 91572-91580 Chemical denotes peptides http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16670
T84988 91584-91592 Chemical denotes antigens http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T865 92507-92523 Chemical denotes antiviral agents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T520 92738-92747 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T65461 92774-92783 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T23145 92858-92867 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T18203 93077-93086 Chemical denotes disulfide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48343
T93911 93112-93125 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T75775 93194-93200 Chemical denotes carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33415
T5144 93248-93256 Chemical denotes graphene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36973
T90069 93430-93437 Chemical denotes ligands http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
T78981 93594-93603 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T90463 93639-93648 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T41677 93694-93703 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T35771 93788-93794 Chemical denotes carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33415
T23097 93812-93821 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T64438 94036-94052 Chemical denotes antiviral agents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T92617 94163-94167 Chemical denotes CNTs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50594
T43270 94172-94182 Chemical denotes fullerenes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T76155 94279-94288 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T16790 94289-94298 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T13385 94317-94326 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T81429 94416-94419 Chemical denotes ROS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523
T46998 94670-94680 Chemical denotes interferon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52999
T98859 94947-94956 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T56094 94957-94966 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T40289 95137-95147 Chemical denotes antivirals http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T98365 95440-95449 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T86189 95562-95566 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T81903 95576-95580 Chemical denotes iron http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18248
T56437 95826-95842 Chemical denotes antiviral agents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T74841 95917-95921 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T66859 95948-95957 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T50514 96432-96443 Chemical denotes ferumoxytol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46726
T74441 96458-96462 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T43573 96683-96692 Chemical denotes histamine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18295|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_58432
T44644 96935-96941 Chemical denotes corona http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37409
T53431 97144-97151 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T45202 97390-97401 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T15409 2060-2076 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infections
T8262 2145-2162 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T12537 2145-2162 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T59570 2562-2577 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T54648 2664-2680 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune responses
T31377 2869-2880 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042592 denotes homeostasis
T31151 3757-3778 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051701 denotes interaction with host
T10 3953-3982 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903902 denotes activity in viral replication
T11 3965-3982 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T12 3965-3982 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T13 4030-4059 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002253 denotes activation of immune response
T14 4044-4059 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T15 5748-5780 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046718 denotes entry of viruses into host cells
T16 6214-6231 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0018158 denotes protein oxidation
T17 6630-6657 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046718 denotes virus entry into host cells
T18 6636-6651 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044409 denotes entry into host
T19 9492-9507 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T20 11262-11279 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T21 11262-11279 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T22 11659-11686 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046718 denotes viral entry into host cells
T23 11665-11680 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044409 denotes entry into host
T24 12024-12041 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046718 denotes viral penetration
T25 12183-12200 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T26 12183-12200 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T27 12272-12289 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T28 12272-12289 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T29 12964-12973 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006810 denotes transport
T30 13272-13299 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046718 denotes viral entry into host cells
T31 13278-13293 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044409 denotes entry into host
T32 15836-15851 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T33 17353-17368 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042493 denotes drug resistance
T34 17511-17526 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T35 19753-19768 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T36 20272-20279 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007114 denotes budding
T37 20670-20689 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044409 denotes entry into the host
T38 20825-20834 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 denotes synthesis
T39 21718-21738 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0030164 denotes protein denaturation
T40 23023-23054 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046718 denotes viral entry into the host cells
T41 23029-23048 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044409 denotes entry into the host
T42 23208-23223 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061025 denotes membrane fusion
T43 24857-24866 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 denotes synthesis
T44 24878-24886 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0015297 denotes exchange
T45 25617-25624 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042056 denotes attract
T46 26920-26931 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006412 denotes translation
T47 28444-28459 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061025 denotes membrane fusion
T48 29349-29364 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T49 29694-29703 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 denotes formation
T50 30363-30374 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042592 denotes homeostasis
T51 30865-30880 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T52 31238-31253 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T53 33436-33453 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T54 33436-33453 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T55 33661-33688 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046718 denotes viral entry into host cells
T56 33667-33682 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044409 denotes entry into host
T57 34367-34382 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T58 34741-34766 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051701 denotes interaction with the host
T59 35615-35624 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 denotes synthesis
T60 36096-36111 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T61 36775-36790 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T62 40129-40138 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 denotes formation
T63 40320-40329 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 denotes synthesis
T64 41549-41570 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051701 denotes interaction with host
T65 44054-44063 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 denotes formation
T66 45238-45247 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 denotes formation
T67 45359-45374 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T68 46910-46926 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infections
T69 47021-47035 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903409 denotes ROS generation
T70 47310-47325 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T71 47942-47951 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 denotes formation
T72 51092-51109 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008015 denotes blood circulation
T73 51541-51556 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T74 52005-52013 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610 denotes behavior
T75 53494-53510 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infections
T76 54262-54270 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610 denotes behavior
T77 56615-56627 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes pathogenesis
T78 56947-56960 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003968 denotes transcriptase
T79 56947-56960 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003899 denotes transcriptase
T80 57065-57077 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0022831 denotes ion channels
T81 57807-57818 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042592 denotes homeostasis
T82 57856-57873 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T83 57856-57873 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T84 58066-58087 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051701 denotes interacting with host
T85 58204-58215 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042592 denotes homeostasis
T86 58764-58773 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097194 denotes apoptosis
T87 58764-58773 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006915 denotes apoptosis
T88 58961-58970 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097194 denotes apoptosis
T89 58961-58970 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006915 denotes apoptosis
T90 59036-59045 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097194 denotes apoptosis
T91 59036-59045 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006915 denotes apoptosis
T92 59099-59108 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0023052 denotes signaling
T93 59246-59261 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042493 denotes drug resistance
T94 59613-59622 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097194 denotes apoptosis
T95 59613-59622 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006915 denotes apoptosis
T96 59627-59654 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903427 denotes inhibited by ROS generation
T97 59640-59654 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903409 denotes ROS generation
T98 59779-59785 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098739 denotes uptake
T99 59779-59785 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098657 denotes uptake
T100 62001-62018 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T101 62001-62018 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T102 62207-62220 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003968 denotes transcriptase
T103 62207-62220 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003899 denotes transcriptase
T104 62578-62595 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T105 62578-62595 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T106 62746-62763 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T107 62746-62763 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T108 62778-62794 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019075 denotes virus maturation
T109 62986-63003 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T110 62986-63003 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T111 63083-63096 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006351 denotes transcription
T112 63104-63115 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006412 denotes translation
T113 63123-63140 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T114 63123-63140 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T115 63174-63191 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T116 63174-63191 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T117 63351-63368 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T118 63351-63368 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T119 64563-64584 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051701 denotes interaction with host
T120 64995-65008 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003968 denotes transcriptase
T121 64995-65008 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003899 denotes transcriptase
T122 65065-65076 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0000746 denotes conjugation
T123 68094-68105 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042592 denotes homeostasis
T124 68345-68360 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T125 68668-68684 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infections
T126 68806-68817 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042592 denotes homeostasis
T127 68928-68944 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infections
T128 69784-69799 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T129 70009-70022 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903409 denotes ROS formation
T130 70013-70022 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 denotes formation
T131 70292-70302 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008219 denotes cell death
T132 70562-70571 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 denotes formation
T133 70619-70636 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T134 70619-70636 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T135 71204-71210 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0040007 denotes growth
T136 71794-71821 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051882 denotes mitochondria depolarization
T137 72449-72458 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 denotes synthesis
T138 73398-73410 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T139 73842-73853 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006412 denotes translation
T140 74116-74131 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T141 74493-74503 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070269 denotes pyroptosis
T142 74638-74649 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045333 denotes respiration
T143 74638-74649 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007585 denotes respiration
T144 74676-74685 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097194 denotes apoptosis
T145 74676-74685 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006915 denotes apoptosis
T146 74827-74849 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045087 denotes innate immune response
T147 74834-74849 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T148 74866-74881 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T149 74899-74923 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002250 denotes adaptive immune response
T150 74908-74923 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T151 75110-75126 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune responses
T152 75179-75194 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T153 75274-75299 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002250 denotes adaptive immune responses
T154 75717-75739 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045087 denotes Innate Immune Response
T155 75724-75739 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes Immune Response
T156 75740-75762 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045087 denotes Innate immune response
T157 75747-75762 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T158 75990-76007 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T159 75990-76007 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T160 76100-76112 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T161 76196-76211 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T162 76461-76483 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045087 denotes innate immune response
T163 76468-76483 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T164 77019-77029 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0065007 denotes regulation
T165 77188-77203 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T166 77813-77830 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T167 77813-77830 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T168 77846-77855 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016236 denotes autophagy
T169 77846-77855 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006914 denotes autophagy
T170 77920-77945 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903901 denotes inhibit viral replication
T171 77928-77945 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T172 77928-77945 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T173 78052-78073 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammatory response
T174 78456-78469 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046755 denotes viral budding
T175 78462-78469 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007114 denotes budding
T176 78602-78617 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045087 denotes innate immunity
T177 78773-78808 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002218 denotes activate the innate immune response
T178 78786-78808 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045087 denotes innate immune response
T179 78793-78808 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T180 78890-78912 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045087 denotes innate immune response
T181 78897-78912 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T182 79208-79220 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T183 79602-79608 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098739 denotes uptake
T184 79602-79608 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098657 denotes uptake
T185 80002-80011 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046903 denotes secretion
T186 80193-80217 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002456 denotes cellular immune response
T187 80193-80217 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002449 denotes cellular immune response
T188 80193-80217 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002443 denotes cellular immune response
T189 80202-80217 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T190 80395-80410 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T191 80592-80607 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T192 80630-80642 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T193 80914-80926 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T194 81235-81247 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T195 81372-81396 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002250 denotes Adaptive Immune Response
T196 81397-81421 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002250 denotes Adaptive immune response
T197 81406-81421 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T198 81541-81557 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infections
T199 81644-81650 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007613 denotes memory
T200 83010-83023 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007155 denotes cell adhesion
T201 83461-83470 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006810 denotes transport
T202 83471-83480 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 denotes synthesis
T203 84774-84799 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002250 denotes adaptive immune responses
T204 85475-85484 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0023052 denotes signaling
T205 85497-85503 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007613 denotes memory
T206 85511-85526 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T207 85900-85924 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002250 denotes acquired immune response
T208 85909-85924 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T209 86069-86088 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002377 denotes antibody production
T210 88662-88669 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007114 denotes budding
T211 89200-89215 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T212 89344-89351 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007114 denotes budding
T213 92816-92833 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T214 92816-92833 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T215 94062-94083 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051701 denotes interaction with host
T216 94114-94131 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T217 94114-94131 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T218 94420-94431 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042592 denotes homeostasis
T219 94454-94463 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097194 denotes apoptosis
T220 94454-94463 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006915 denotes apoptosis
T221 94598-94634 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045089 denotes stimulate the innate immune response
T222 94612-94634 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045087 denotes innate immune response
T223 94619-94634 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T224 94818-94860 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002821 denotes activation of the adaptive immune response
T225 94836-94860 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002250 denotes adaptive immune response
T226 94845-94860 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T227 95067-95078 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006412 denotes translation
T228 96191-96202 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0065007 denotes regulations
T229 96343-96364 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006956 denotes complement activation
T230 96745-96761 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002524 denotes hypersensitivity
T231 96942-96951 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 denotes formation
T232 97144-97162 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019882 denotes antigen presenting
T233 97193-97218 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002250 denotes adaptive immune responses

LitCovid-PD-GlycoEpitope

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue glyco_epitope_db_id
T1 19949-19964 GlycoEpitope denotes heparan sulfate http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0086
T2 19966-19968 GlycoEpitope denotes HS http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0086
T3 20099-20101 GlycoEpitope denotes HS http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0086
T4 31680-31682 GlycoEpitope denotes HS http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0086
T5 49801-49803 GlycoEpitope denotes HS http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0086
T6 49989-49991 GlycoEpitope denotes HS http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0086
T7 51728-51743 GlycoEpitope denotes heparan sulfate http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0086
T8 52270-52272 GlycoEpitope denotes HS http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0086
T9 56201-56216 GlycoEpitope denotes heparan sulfate http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0086

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T13 0-99 Sentence denotes The current emergence caused by SARS-Cov-2 is dramatically changing the everyday life of all of us.
T14 100-232 Sentence denotes Due to the high globalization, new viruses can spread all over the world much faster than ever, infecting the communities worldwide.
T15 233-327 Sentence denotes The current technologies and measurements are able to sensibly slow down the infection spread.
T16 328-477 Sentence denotes However, their cost is tremendously high, impacting the healthcare systems and causing the shutdown of industries and the lockdown of the population.
T17 478-746 Sentence denotes The impact of SARS-Cov-2 on the worldwide economy is estimated to be a 2–3% decline, making this the biggest crisis since the world wars.1 A possible vaccine is hopefully expected to come in 1–2 years, originating a buffer period pretty much uncertain for many people.
T18 747-861 Sentence denotes Vaccination is the only way known to accelerate the flock immunity without causing further death by this pandemic.
T19 862-1114 Sentence denotes Contemporary history has seen the spread of other viral pandemics such as H2N2 flu (1956–1958), H3N3 flu (1968), HIV (peak reached between 2005 and 2012), SARS (2009), while MERS (2012 to now) and Ebola (1975 to now) viruses are in a prepandemic phase.
T20 1115-1242 Sentence denotes The continuous colonization of wild nature lands may touch unknown virus reservoirs causing the spread of contagious epidemics.
T21 1243-1577 Sentence denotes Due to these facts, there is a clear urgency in the development of viral treatments to avoid the risk of new pandemics.2 In particular, the possibility to have smart antiviral tools able to efficiently disinfect surfaces, block the viral spreading, enhance the survival of infected people, and boost immunization are highly desirable.
T22 1578-1667 Sentence denotes In particular, more investments in the next years are expected in the antiviral research.
T23 1668-2283 Sentence denotes Hard nanomaterials (HNMs) have been extensively studied for many types of applications including drug delivery, bioimaging, and biosensing.3−5 The use of nanomaterials in biomedical research is highly developed, reaching in some cases clinical approval.6 Despite that, nanomaterials have been mainly developed for cancer therapy, while scarce attention has been spent on their application in viral infections.7 The continuous virology research has more and more increased into viral replication machinery, allowing the preparation and rationalization of more sophisticated vaccine formulations and viral inhibitors.
T24 2284-2420 Sentence denotes The use of HNMs may be one of the keys to provide more effective biomedical agents with a wide spectrum of activity in viral pandemics.8
T25 2421-2521 Sentence denotes An increasing number of reports describe how HNMs can be successfully applied to block viral spread.
T26 2522-2681 Sentence denotes HNMs can be used at different stages of viral infection: blocking viral entry, hampering interaction with infected host cells, and modulating immune responses.
T27 2682-2904 Sentence denotes Due to their core composition (e.g., metal oxides, noble metals), HNMs can have an important antiviral activity inactivating some specific proteins of the capsid or dysregulating radical homeostasis in the virus particles.
T28 2905-3067 Sentence denotes Additionally, surface functionalization can sensibly increase HNM antiviral activity, enabling the mimicking of host cells or enhancing the targeting efficiency.9
T29 3068-3180 Sentence denotes In this review, we will critically analyze different strategies for the application of HNMs as antiviral agents.
T30 3181-3289 Sentence denotes The rational and the synthetic strategies will be highlighted and correlated to different relevant examples.
T31 3290-3400 Sentence denotes Particular attention will be paid on the mechanisms of antiviral action and on HNM applicability and efficacy.
T32 3401-3564 Sentence denotes For the sake of clarity, this review is divided into three parts, namely: blocking viral entry, antiviral activity in host cells, and stimulation of immune system.
T33 3565-3618 Sentence denotes We have focused on the different stages of infection.
T34 3619-3803 Sentence denotes In the section dedicated to blocking viral entry, the application of HNMs for surface disinfection and inactivation of the virus prior to interaction with host cells will be described.
T35 3804-4023 Sentence denotes Subsequently, the interaction of HNMs after internalization into host cells will be addressed, stressing their antiviral delivery features and their activity in viral replication blockage, leading to host cell survival.
T36 4024-4165 Sentence denotes Then, activation of immune response induced by HNMs, triggering the innate and the adaptive (e.g., nanovaccines) immunity, will be presented.
T37 4166-4333 Sentence denotes The different adopted strategies will be correlated to the nanomaterial core (e.g., composition, size, shape) and surface (e.g., chemistry, surface charge) properties.
T38 4334-4589 Sentence denotes Finally, limits (e.g., unknown long-term toxicity), advantages (e.g., high and wide spectrum virucidal activity), and perspectives will be discussed with particular attention to the applications in viral pandemics (e.g., HIV, SARS, and influenza viruses).
T39 4590-4696 Sentence denotes This review is addressed to material and biomaterials scientists who are interested in antiviral research.
T40 4697-4861 Sentence denotes We acknowledge that application of HNMs as antiviral agents is still in the early stages; however, we believe that the research on this topic is going to grow soon.
T41 4862-4995 Sentence denotes Thus, with this contribution we genuinely hope to inspire researchers in the preparation of smart and efficient HNM antiviral agents.
T42 4997-5017 Sentence denotes Blocking Viral Entry
T43 5018-5098 Sentence denotes The last decades have been characterized by increasing investigation on viruses.
T44 5099-5277 Sentence denotes In particular, their surface charge, protein composition, and host cell entry mechanism have been elucidated, allowing to formulate the first-generation wide spectrum antivirals.
T45 5278-5397 Sentence denotes Blocking the viral entry is one of the most common known antimicrobial procedure to stop infections at the early stage.
T46 5398-5524 Sentence denotes In this context, antiviral materials have been used for surface disinfection or for epidemic limitation in humans and animals.
T47 5525-5690 Sentence denotes Due to their high surface to volume ratio, composition, and tunable surface chemistry, HNMs are now more and more studied as powerful agents in blocking viral entry.
T48 5691-6024 Sentence denotes As for other biological interactions, the attachment and entry of viruses into host cells are mediated by multivalent interactions between the surface of the virus and cell surface receptors.10 Nanomaterials can display multivalency that makes them able to compete with the host cells on virus attachment, limiting their infectivity.
T49 6025-6110 Sentence denotes The mechanism of antiviral actions relies on the inactivation of the capsid proteins.
T50 6111-6310 Sentence denotes As a matter of fact, HNMs have been used for: (1) blocking target proteins for viral entry, (2) capsid protein oxidation, (3) mimicking cell surface, and (4) mechanical rupture of viruses (Figure 1).
T51 6311-6463 Sentence denotes These strategies target proteins and mechanisms of entry common in most of the viruses, thus allowing the preparation of wide spectrum antiviral agents.
T52 6464-6571 Sentence denotes In this section, the application of different HNMs as powerful inhibitors of viral entry will be discussed.
T53 6572-6741 Sentence denotes Figure 1 Illustration of the main mechanisms of blocking virus entry into host cells: capsid denaturation, mimicking cell surface, and mechanical breaking of the virus.
T54 6743-6762 Sentence denotes Noble Nanoparticles
T55 6763-6943 Sentence denotes Noble nanoparticles (NPs), made of gold and silver, are attractive as antiviral agents for their surface functionalization versatility and their capacity to cleave disulfide bonds.
T56 6944-7030 Sentence denotes Their use in disinfection has been extensively studied for different types of viruses.
T57 7031-7187 Sentence denotes The morphology and the size of the NPs play a crucial role in their ability to efficiently interact with the capsids and in their toxicity for the organism.
T58 7188-7314 Sentence denotes These nanomaterials are characterized by a very large specific surface area (inversely proportional to the particle diameter).
T59 7315-7473 Sentence denotes As the particle size becomes smaller and smaller, the percentage of surface atoms increases, creating many unsaturated bonds due to lack of neighboring atoms.
T60 7474-7553 Sentence denotes As a consequence, AgNPs and AuNPs have unstable atoms with high surface energy.
T61 7554-7666 Sentence denotes This kind of structure provides a lot of contact adsorption sites and reaction points for further modifications.
T62 7667-7772 Sentence denotes These chemical features allow to easily combine surface NP atoms with other atoms through chemical bonds.
T63 7773-7904 Sentence denotes Besides the composition of the metal core, several studies have pointed out the importance of the control of the surface chemistry.
T64 7905-8054 Sentence denotes The surface groups can: (1) stabilize NPs in the biological media, (2) insert targeting agents, and (3) enhance the circulation time inside the body.
T65 8055-8234 Sentence denotes Antiviral efficiency can be also enhanced by the multivalency effect, where highly branched ligands are used to locally augment the local concentration of the targeting molecules.
T66 8235-8386 Sentence denotes In this section the main strategies and results for silver (AgNPs) and gold (AuNPs) nanoparticles in blocking viral entry will be critically discussed.
T67 8388-8408 Sentence denotes Silver Nanoparticles
T68 8409-8540 Sentence denotes Many studies have shown that naked AgNPs have a good effect on the control and prevention of a variety of viral diseases (Table 1).
T69 8541-8605 Sentence denotes However, the antiviral mechanism of nanosilver is still unclear.
T70 8606-8671 Sentence denotes The antiviral action is associated with the following mechanisms:
T71 8672-8852 Sentence denotes Nanosilver can prevent the virus from entering the host cells and inhibit the virus from binding to the cell receptor, thereby stopping the virus from infecting the targeted cells.
T72 8853-9000 Sentence denotes AgNPs may be able to bind the viral surface protein and inhibit the interaction between the virus and the cell membrane receptors (Figure 2, left).
T73 9001-9225 Sentence denotes However, it has been also reported that AgNPs can inactivate the virus through denaturation of surface proteins containing cysteine and methionine residues present on the viral capsid, in a similar way reported for bacteria.
T74 9226-9673 Sentence denotes For example, AgNPs smaller than 10 nm were shown to interact with the sulfur-bearing residues of gp120 glycoprotein knobs distributed on the lipid membrane of HIV-1 virus, preventing the virus from binding to CD4 receptor site on the host cells, thus inhibiting the viral infection.11 By means of a viral adsorption assay, it was shown that the AgNP mechanism of anti-HIV action is based on the inhibition of the initial stages of the HIV-1 cycle.
T75 9674-9926 Sentence denotes To demonstrate that the antiviral effect of AgNPs is due to the particle structure rather than to silver ions present in solution, the antiviral activity of silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) and silver nitrate (known antibacterial silver salts) was evaluated.
T76 9927-10317 Sentence denotes Both salts showed a much lower therapeutic index than AgNPs in vitro, indicating that silver ions themselves are less efficient.12 These results point out that the antiviral efficacy is not only related to the dose of Ag+ ions present in solution but is also regulated by different other parameters (e.g., size, charge, and surface functionalization) associated with the nanosize dimension.
T77 10318-10667 Sentence denotes For instance, in the case of Herpesviridae and Paramyxoviridae viruses (both enveloped viruses with embedded viral-encoded glycoproteins), AgNPs can effectively reduce their infectivity, by blocking the interaction between the viral particles and the host cells with an antiviral activity strictly dependent on the size and ζ potential of the AgNPs.
T78 10668-10766 Sentence denotes As a general observation, it was reported that smaller nanoparticles have better antiviral effect.
T79 10767-11163 Sentence denotes This effect was associated with the increase of the surface area, where smaller-sized AgNPs could bind more efficiently to the viral particles exerting a higher antiviral activity.13 Another study reported the impairment of Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) replication after incubating infectious viral particles with AgNPs, which did not exhibit any virucidal effect even up to 900 μg/mL.
T80 11164-11300 Sentence denotes This result suggested that the anti-PPRV activity of the AgNPs is due to the inhibitory effect on viral replication in the target cells.
T81 11301-11407 Sentence denotes AgNPs do not prevent the binding of PPRV to host cells, but inhibit the entry of viruses into these cells.
T82 11408-11576 Sentence denotes AgNPs can also interact with the surface and core of PPRV, but this interaction cannot kill the virus directly.12 The same results were then confirmed on other viruses.
T83 11577-11687 Sentence denotes AgNPs with a diameter of 25 nm inhibited Vaccinia virus replication by preventing viral entry into host cells.
T84 11688-11854 Sentence denotes However, AgNPs cannot prevent the virus from adsorbing onto the cells, and this virus is still infectious, indicating that AgNPs lack a direct virus-killing effect.13
T85 11855-12290 Sentence denotes Figure 2 Potential antiviral mechanism of AgNPs. (1) AgNPs interact with viral envelope and/or viral surface proteins; (2) AgNPs interact with cell membranes and block viral penetration; (3) AgNPs block cellular pathways of viral entry; (4) AgNPs interact with viral genome; (5) AgNPs interact with viral factors necessary for viral replication; and (6) AgNPs interact with cellular factors necessary for productive viral replication.
T86 12291-12332 Sentence denotes Reproduced with permission from ref (14).
T87 12333-12367 Sentence denotes Copyright 2016 Taylor and Francis.
T88 12368-12432 Sentence denotes Table 1 Antiviral AgNPs and Their Possible Mechanisms of Action
T89 12433-12504 Sentence denotes virus shape size (nm) active concentration mechanism of action ref
T90 12505-12567 Sentence denotes HIV-1 spherical 1–10 25 μg/mL interaction with gp120 (11)
T91 12568-12629 Sentence denotes HIV-1 IIIB – 30–50 440 μg/mL interaction with gp120 (19)
T92 12630-12755 Sentence denotes HSV-1, HSV-2, and HPIV-3 – 20–50 not available possible interaction directly with the viral envelope or its protein (20)
T93 12756-12863 Sentence denotes Adenovirus type 3 spherical 5–18 25 μg/mL direct destruction of virus particles and DNA structure (15)
T94 12864-13025 Sentence denotes H1N1 influenza A virus spherical 5–20 12.5 μg/mL inhibition of respiratory enzymes and electron transport components and interference with DNA function (21)
T95 13026-13133 Sentence denotes HBV spherical 10–50 5 μM interaction with double-stranded DNA and/or binding with viral particles (16)
T96 13134-13214 Sentence denotes PPRV spherical 5–30 11.1 μg/mL interaction with virus surface and core (12)
T97 13215-13305 Sentence denotes Vaccinia virus spherical 25 not available preventing viral entry into host cells (13)
T98 13306-13406 Sentence denotes Monkey pox virus (MPV) – 10–80 12.5 μg/mL blocking virus-host cell binding and penetration (22)
T99 13407-13499 Sentence denotes Tacaribe virus (TCRV) – 5–10 25 μg/mL inactivation of virus particles before entry (23)
T100 13500-13611 Sentence denotes Poliovirus spherical 4–9 3.1 ppm preventing viral particles from binding to the receptors of RD cells (24)
T101 13612-13725 Sentence denotes TGEV spherical <20 12.5 μg/mL direct interaction with TGEV surface protein, such as TGEV S glycoprotein (18)
T102 13726-13745 Sentence denotes linear 60000–80000
T103 13746-13943 Sentence denotes linear 20000–30000 Alternatively, nanosilver can be combined with viral nucleic acids to change the capsid structure, affect the replication of viral genetic material, and make the virus inactive.
T104 13944-14379 Sentence denotes For example, TEM analyses have shown that NPs can cause a change of the structure of the Ad3 virus from a hexahedral shape to an irregular shape, destroying its fibers and capsid proteins, leading to inhibition of the virus from binding to the host cells and destroying the DNA structure, preventing adenoviral infection.15 Nanosilver can also bind directly to the double-stranded DNA of hepatitis B virus to inhibit its replication.16
T105 14380-14497 Sentence denotes In other studies, it has been demonstrated that silver ions released from nanosilver can directly damage the viruses.
T106 14498-14567 Sentence denotes Based in this property, an interesting application has been proposed.
T107 14568-14696 Sentence denotes AgNPs were used as a coating on polyurethane condoms, effectively inhibiting the activity of HIV and herpes simplex virus (HSV).
T108 14697-14857 Sentence denotes The hypothesized mechanism is that silver ions are transferred directly from oxidized NPs to biological targets, such as viral membrane proteins gp120 and gp41.
T109 14858-14981 Sentence denotes In addition, a small amount of silver ion is also released from the coated contraceptives to improve the antiviral level.17
T110 14982-15208 Sentence denotes Although the studies on naked AgNPs to reduce viral infectivity have shown their potential as broad-spectrum antiviral agents, the understanding of the specific antiviral action mechanism still needs to be elucidated in depth.
T111 15209-15494 Sentence denotes Many studies have shown that the antiviral performance of naked AgNPs is related to their size, and smaller nanoparticles have better antiviral activities.16 In addition to particle size, the antiviral action of AgNP morphology has also attracted interest to fight against coronavirus.
T112 15495-15690 Sentence denotes AgNPs and two types of silver nanowires were able to significantly cause an inhibitory effect on coronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis (TGEV)-induced host cell infection and TGEV replication.
T113 15691-15852 Sentence denotes The mechanism is likely based on a direct interaction of AgNPs with TGEV surface proteins (e.g., TGEV glycoproteins) to inhibit the beginning of viral infection.
T114 15853-16029 Sentence denotes It is possible that AgNPs and Ag nanowires alter the structure of some surface proteins of TGEV and then inhibit their recognition and adhesion to the cellular receptor pAPN.18
T115 16030-16235 Sentence denotes Although the potential of AgNPs as antiviral agents has been commonly recognized, unfortunately, their wide biological applications are limited by the risks of self-aggregation and environmental pollution.
T116 16236-16466 Sentence denotes Silver ions can be released from the surface of AgNPs and potentially pollute the environment, and their agglomeration into bulkier particles or fibers may change their biological characteristics, diminishing the antiviral effect.
T117 16467-16721 Sentence denotes In several cases, it has been reported that naked AgNPs may affect human health.25 Therefore, research and development of AgNPs whose surface is modified or stabilized by protecting molecular layers is an urgent need to overcome these problems (Table 2).
T118 16722-16802 Sentence denotes Poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP) is the most commonly used stabilizer of AgNPs.
T119 16803-17408 Sentence denotes The PVP-coated AgNPs are able to inhibit the activities of HIV-1, herpes simplex 2 virus (HSV-2), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).11,26,27 But compared to foamy carbon, small-sized PVP and BSA-coated AgNPs showed poor antiviral activity to the HIV-1 virus.11 For RSV, PVP-coated AgNPs have a specific binding capacity to the viral surface, evidencing a regular spatial arrangement and a clear interaction with G-protein.26 In addition, to improve the stability of AgNPs, their surface modification with antiviral drugs was proved to reduce the drug resistance caused by the drugs administered alone.
T120 17409-17506 Sentence denotes Tannic acid-modified AgNPs showed good antiviral effects on HSV-2 infection in vitro and in vivo.
T121 17507-17600 Sentence denotes The viral infection was inhibited only when these NPs directly interacted with HSV-2 virions.
T122 17601-17687 Sentence denotes Indeed, the pretreatment of host cells with such AgNPs did inhibit the entry of HSV-2.
T123 17688-17925 Sentence denotes Due to the high affinity of tannins to proteins and sugars, tannic acid can bind glycoproteins on the surface of viruses to make them inert, impairing glycoprotein function and preventing viruses from attaching and entering host cells.28
T124 17926-18001 Sentence denotes Table 2 Surface-Modified Antiviral AgNPs and Possible Mechanisms of Action
T125 18002-18060 Sentence denotes virus shape size (nm) coating mechanism of action ref
T126 18061-18140 Sentence denotes HIV-1 spherical 1–10 foamy carbon, PVP and BSA interaction with gp120 (11)
T127 18141-18263 Sentence denotes RSV spherical – PVP, BSA, and recombinant F protein (RF 412) interaction with the G-protein on the virus surface (26)
T128 18264-18382 Sentence denotes H1N1 influenza virus spherical 2–5 Oseltamivir inhibition of the activity of neuraminidase and hemagglutinin (34)
T129 18383-18399 Sentence denotes Amantadine (35)
T130 18400-18415 Sentence denotes Zanamivir (36)
T131 18416-18481 Sentence denotes inhibition of accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)    
T132 18482-18597 Sentence denotes HAV, NoV and CoxB4 spherical – polyphosphonium-oligochitosans preventing viral attachment and penetration (29)
T133 18598-18691 Sentence denotes MPV spherical 10–80 polysaccharide blocking virus-host cell binding and penetration (22)
T134 18692-18781 Sentence denotes TCRV spherical 10 polysaccharide inactivation of virus particles prior to entry (23)
T135 18782-18886 Sentence denotes HSV-1 spherical 4 mercaptoethanesulfonate competition for the binding of the virus to the cell (30)
T136 18887-19024 Sentence denotes Enterovirus 71 (EV71) spherical 2–5 PEI and antiviral siRNA inhibition of the accumulation of ROS and activation of AKT and p53 (37)
T137 19025-19221 Sentence denotes HSV-2 spherical 13, 33, 46 tannic acid direct interaction and blocking of virus attachment, penetration and spread (28) The surface modification can also exert a synergistic antiviral effect.
T138 19222-19360 Sentence denotes AgNPs decorated with polyphosphonium-oligochitosan (PQPOC) exhibited moderate to excellent antiviral activity against HAV, NoV, and CoxB4.
T139 19361-19470 Sentence denotes In addition, AgNPs could interact with the virion glycoproteins and prevent viral attachment and penetration.
T140 19471-19712 Sentence denotes PQPOC can also serve as an effective virus inhibitor by blocking the interaction of the targeted virus with the host through the electrostatic interaction between the cationic polymers and the negatively charged binding sites of the virus.29
T141 19713-19809 Sentence denotes Surface-modified AgNPs can also prevent viral infection by competitive adsorption on host cells.
T142 19810-19986 Sentence denotes The process of infection of cells by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) involves the interaction between viral envelope glycoproteins and heparan sulfate (HS) on cell surface.
T143 19987-20189 Sentence denotes Therefore, researchers designed AgNPs capped with mercaptoethanesulfonate (Ag-MES) to compete with the cellular HS through the sulfonate end groups, thereby blocking the virus from entering the cells.30
T144 20190-20696 Sentence denotes A few years ago, it was shown that curcumin could prevent the replication and the budding of RSV,31 but the disadvantage of poor solubility and low bioavailability limited its clinical application.32 Curcumin was used as a reducing and capping agent to prepare stable curcumin AgNPs (cAgNPs) under physiological conditions. cAgNPs could reduce cytopathic effects induced by RSV and showed efficient antiviral activity against infection by directly inactivating the virus prior to entry into the host cells.
T145 20697-20782 Sentence denotes Its antiviral effect was higher than curcumin alone or unmodified AgNPs (Figure 3).33
T146 20783-20916 Sentence denotes Figure 3 Schematic representation of the synthesis of cAgNPs (A) and a proposed inhibition mode of cAgNPs against RSV infection (B).
T147 20917-21095 Sentence denotes The inhibition mode of (B) shows that cAgNPs can reduce the binding ability of virus with the binding centers on the surface of cells (b) as compared to those without cAgNPs (a).
T148 21096-21137 Sentence denotes Reproduced with permission from ref (33).
T149 21138-21177 Sentence denotes Copyright 2016 Royal Chemistry Society.
T150 21178-21335 Sentence denotes Alternatively, Zhu et al. prepared AgNPs surface-modified with oseltamivir, amantadine, and zanamivir (Ag@OTV,34 Ag@AM,35 and Ag@ZNV36), by chemical methods.
T151 21336-21456 Sentence denotes The results showed that these nanoparticles can directly interact with the virions, resulting in viral function damages.
T152 21457-21540 Sentence denotes Overall different studies have reported the capacity of AgNPs to block viral entry.
T153 21541-21739 Sentence denotes However, there is not a concerted antiviral mechanism, but their activity differs from case to case, based on viral particle adsorption, capsid structure alteration, or surface protein denaturation.
T154 21740-21970 Sentence denotes For AgNPs, the antiviral activity can be associated with different parameters including size, shape, surface charge, and functionalization but also to the topical release of silver ions able to disturb the viral cycle replication.
T155 21971-22148 Sentence denotes As described before, bare AgNPs can be used as disinfectant agents, however their use in biological media is limited by their low colloidal stability and potential cytotoxicity.
T156 22149-22333 Sentence denotes Surface functionalization can alleviate cytotoxicity, but it can also mask the nanoparticle surface, reducing their affinity for viral particles, thus reducing AgNP antiviral activity.
T157 22334-22459 Sentence denotes For these reasons, AgNPs at the moment could find application mainly for surface disinfection and for topical administration.
T158 22460-22550 Sentence denotes Further studies are needed to prepare safer AgNP formulations for systemic administration.
T159 22551-22804 Sentence denotes In particular, the clarification of the antiviral mechanisms and the use of surface functional groups able to stabilize AgNPs in biological fluids without affecting their prominent antiviral activity are probably the most important challenges to tackle.
T160 22806-22824 Sentence denotes Gold Nanoparticles
T161 22825-23055 Sentence denotes Compared to AgNPs, AuNPs exhibit reduced toxicity on healthy cells, making them more attractive for in vivo and clinical applications.38 Indeed, AuNPs have been successfully tested as inhibitors of viral entry into the host cells.
T162 23056-23253 Sentence denotes AuNPs interact with hemagglutinin (HA), where Au is able to oxidize the disulfide bond of this glycoprotein causing its inactivation, thus impeding the membrane fusion of the virus with host cells.
T163 23254-23715 Sentence denotes Targeting HA has emerged as an alternative strategy to the actual therapies (e.g., matrix protein 2 and neuramidase), especially to pandemic viruses that show an accelerated mutation speed of their surface proteins, hence a resistance to conventional treatments increasing their infectivity and mortality.38 This strategy has been applied to influenza (e.g., H1N1, HCV) and herpes viruses.39−44 The activity of AuNPs is proportional to the surface area exposed.
T164 23716-23833 Sentence denotes As a consequence, the size and the morphology of these metal NPs play a substantial role in their antiviral activity.
T165 23834-24152 Sentence denotes Recently, Kim et al. have reported that porous AuNPs are able to inhibit influenza A infection more efficiently than nonporous AuNPs.39 This effect has been associated with the higher surface area of the porous material that favors their interaction with capsids and thus increases their antiviral activity (Figure 4).
T166 24153-24262 Sentence denotes Figure 4 Schematic illustration of inactivation of influenza A virus (IAV) treated with porous AuNP (PoGNP).
T167 24263-24339 Sentence denotes PoGNP interacts with IAV surface proteins and cleaves their disulfide bonds.
T168 24340-24395 Sentence denotes Inactivated viruses exhibit lower infectivity to cells.
T169 24396-24476 Sentence denotes Reproduced with permission under a Creative Commons CC-BY license from ref (39).
T170 24477-24529 Sentence denotes Copyright 2020 BioMed Central Ltd., Springer Nature.
T171 24530-24671 Sentence denotes Besides the per se antiviral activity, AuNP surface modifications have been developed in order to enhance their overall therapeutic benefits.
T172 24672-24790 Sentence denotes The engineering of tailored AuNPs with selected ligands has allowed the preparation of efficient antiviral nanoagents.
T173 24791-24921 Sentence denotes The target ligands can be introduced directly during the particle synthesis via ligand exchange reactions or ligand modifications.
T174 24922-25409 Sentence denotes For instance, direct reduction of gold ions in the presence of gallic acid produced homogeneous AuNPs able to sensibly reduce herpes simplex virus infection in vitro.40 Compared to free ligand NPs, functionalized AuNPs benefit from the multivalency effect and higher circulation times, decreasing the needed therapeutic concentrations.39 Functionalized AuNPs can present organic groups that mimic host cell surfaces or other specific molecular patterns that selectively target the virus.
T175 25410-25532 Sentence denotes Normally, negative charges are used to mimic cell surfaces and favor the interaction between the particles and the capsid.
T176 25533-26024 Sentence denotes In particular, sulfonates and organic sulfates have been used for their capacity to attract the virus via capsid protein interaction and block the HA activity.41 AuNPs functionalized with sulfonates showed an increasing inhibition of influenza A compared to the nanoparticles capped with succinic acid.42 This study also demonstrated that there is not a correlation between the negative charge and the antiviral activity, but instead the inhibition depends mainly on the organic groups used.
T177 26025-26213 Sentence denotes Thiol-capped AuNPs also displayed powerful inactivation of bovine viral diarrhea virus in vitro.43 Multivalency has been exploited in more complex systems using dendrons as capping agents.
T178 26214-26396 Sentence denotes This strategy allows to generate higher concentrations of the target ligand in close proximity to the AuNPs and to increase the binding efficiency of the nanoparticles to the capsid.
T179 26397-26513 Sentence denotes The driving force of the antiviral efficiency relies on the concentration of the targeting agent onto the particles.
T180 26514-26691 Sentence denotes Sulfonated dendrons were grafted to AuNPs via a sulfide bond and tested for HIV inhibition.44 The results showed that the decorated AuNPs exerted a higher affinity to the virus.
T181 26692-26932 Sentence denotes Additionally, comparing AuNPs functionalized with different generation dendrons, those with a third generation displayed the highest inhibition performance with an IC50 below 0.1 μmol/mL, thus making them attractive for in vivo translation.
T182 26933-27399 Sentence denotes It is worth noting that the inhibition efficiency is strictly dependent on the available sulfonate groups present on the surface of the NPs, making crucial a thorough characterization of the material.44 The size of the AuNPs clearly plays an important role in the concentration of targeting ligands exposed per particle.45 Indeed, too big NPs have a limited surface area, while too small would not allow an efficient grafting of the dendrons due to steric hindrance.
T183 27400-27598 Sentence denotes For instance, it has been shown that dendron-functionalized AuNPs showed a size-dependent antiviral activity for influenza virus, where 14 nm particles exhibited a higher efficiency than 2 nm AuNPs.
T184 27599-27775 Sentence denotes This has been associated with the low functionalization grade of the small nanoparticles and to the inappropriate spatial distribution of the interacting ligand/receptor pairs.
T185 27776-27881 Sentence denotes The development of viral proteomics has profoundly transformed the antiviral and disinfection strategies.
T186 27882-28003 Sentence denotes In particular, small molecules and peptides able to target and block the viral biochemical machinery have been developed.
T187 28004-28185 Sentence denotes However, despite these efforts into the drug design, many of these molecules suffer from poor biological effect, low concentration in the diseased areas, and undesired side effects.
T188 28186-28328 Sentence denotes In this context, AuNPs have been coupled to biologically inactive small molecules to create biologically active multivalent AuNP therapeutics.
T189 28329-28627 Sentence denotes A bright example has been reported by Bowman et al., where the authors functionalized AuNPs with SDC-1721, a small membrane fusion inhibitor of HIV.46 The results demonstrated that, while pure SDC-1721 has low activity, functionalized AuNPs are able to inhibit HIV replication at μM concentrations.
T190 28628-28688 Sentence denotes Similar results have been reported using targeting peptides.
T191 28689-28904 Sentence denotes In particular, it was evidenced that the functionalized AuNPs can sensibly reduce the IC50 up to 2 orders of magnitude compared to pure peptides.47 Preliminary results in vivo confirmed the biosafety of the AuNPs.48
T192 28906-28954 Sentence denotes Nanoparticles Generating Reactive Oxygen Species
T193 28955-29145 Sentence denotes One of the main advantages of using NPs compared to oxidized metals relies on the slow release of ions and clusters from these particles, leading to an enhancement of the antiviral activity.
T194 29146-29380 Sentence denotes Additionally, the use of metal NPs containing Cu or Fe in ionic form catalyzes the generation of radicals via Fenton and Fenton-like reactions oxidizing the capsid proteins and consequently blocking the viral infection at early stage.
T195 29381-30083 Sentence denotes For instance, copper ions (derived from sulfates or iodide salts) have been widely used as antiviral agents because of their activity on several kinds of enveloped and non-enveloped viruses including influenza virus,49−51 herpes simplex virus52−54 and hepatitis A virus.55 Their mechanism of action relies on the formation of Cu+ ions (from soluble salts or nanoparticles) that generate hydroxyl radicals.56 The use of metallic copper nanostructures in the form of particles or sheets has shown only a moderate efficiency due to the low concentration and low release of Cu+.56 For these reasons, Cu+ salts, where the copper ions are readily present in their active monocationic form, have been favored.
T196 30084-30610 Sentence denotes In particular, CuI nanoparticles (stable at room temperature) have been extensively studied for deactivation of feline calicivirus56 and H1N1 pandemic influenza virus.57 However, the use of copper salts at high concentrations can irreversibly alter reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis of healthy cells, provoking a general toxicity for the organism, limiting their applications to disinfection.56 Nanostructured cuprous and cupric oxides have been also extensively employed as antiviral agents for in vitro applications.
T197 30611-30820 Sentence denotes For instance, cuprous oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) were successfully employed against hepatitis C.58 In particular, it was found that these NPs exerted a favorable antiviral activity with no cytotoxic effects.
T198 30821-30909 Sentence denotes CuONPs target the binding and entry step of viral infection to hepatic cells (Figure 5).
T199 30910-31048 Sentence denotes Similar results were reported on the use of CuONPs against HSV-1, however without any profound investigation on the antiviral mechanism.59
T200 31049-31191 Sentence denotes Figure 5 Huh7.5.1 cells at 72 h post-infection were stained with HCV-positive serum from patients (green signal) and with DAPI (blue signal).
T201 31192-31263 Sentence denotes Cuprous oxide NPs (CuONPs) are able to reduce viral infection in vitro.
T202 31264-31305 Sentence denotes Reproduced with permission from ref (58).
T203 31306-31334 Sentence denotes Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V.
T204 31335-31555 Sentence denotes Alternatively, zinc salts have been successfully used as antimicrobial agents from research up to clinical trials for viral warts.60,61 More recently, ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were developed for the treatment of HSV-2.
T205 31556-31711 Sentence denotes ZnONPs were prepared with a tetrapod morphology.62 The results showed that they can mimic cell surface interacting with the HS present on the viral capsid.
T206 31712-31965 Sentence denotes Additionally, these particles have been used for photocatalysis showing to efficiently destroy the viral proteins upon UV irradiation.62 Besides all these interesting examples, in vivo applications are still needed to validate this therapeutic modality.
T207 31966-32072 Sentence denotes Due to the generation of high levels of ROS, the toxicity of copper nanoparticles has been widely debated.
T208 32073-32320 Sentence denotes The antiviral activity of copper nanoparticles is generally associated with the release of Cu+ ions in solution, thus the leakage of cytotoxic cationic species can be modulated by surface functionalization before in vitro and in vivo applications.
T209 32321-32433 Sentence denotes On the other side, the use of nanomaterials generating ROS can find applications in textile and surface coating.
T210 32434-32629 Sentence denotes The general broad virucidal efficiency of copper oxide nanoparticles shown for H1N1 pandemic influenza57 should be tested on SARS-Cov-2 and might be used for improving mask protection efficiency.
T211 32631-32651 Sentence denotes Carbon Nanomaterials
T212 32652-32796 Sentence denotes Due to their diversity, versatility, and tunable surface chemistry, carbon nanomaterials have been attractive for several types of applications.
T213 32797-32939 Sentence denotes In particular, the past decade has seen a tremendous raise in the preparation of performant carbon-based nanomaterials in the antiviral field.
T214 32940-33041 Sentence denotes Fullerene and its derivatives are the most studied carbon nanomaterials for their virucidal activity.
T215 33042-33175 Sentence denotes Due to the lack of solubility of pristine fullerene, functionalization strategies have been developed to prepare water-soluble drugs.
T216 33176-33454 Sentence denotes Investigations in the biomedical field evidenced the membranotropic capacity of fullerene derivatives.63 By modulating shape and functions, fullerene derivatives have been shown to possess antiviral properties through inhibition of viral entry and blockage of viral replication.
T217 33455-33542 Sentence denotes From these results, the attention has been directed also to other carbon nanomaterials.
T218 33543-33689 Sentence denotes In particular, functional carbon dots (CDs) and graphene oxide (GO) have been investigated for their ability to block viral entry into host cells.
T219 33691-33706 Sentence denotes Glycofullerenes
T220 33707-33886 Sentence denotes The emerging of mortal viruses, like Ebola or Zika, and the lack of suitable treatments led the academic and the industrial communities to look for alternative therapeutic routes.
T221 33887-34050 Sentence denotes Most of these pathogens are RNA enveloped viruses, and they share common infection mechanisms that can be targeted for the preparation of wide spectrum antivirals.
T222 34051-34305 Sentence denotes The external surface of the envelope of these viruses is covered by glycans that tightly interact with lectin receptors on host cells.64 This strong interaction allows the attachment of the virions to the cells, followed by internalization and infection.
T223 34306-34401 Sentence denotes Blocking lectin receptors is a general strategy used to stop viral infection at an early stage.
T224 34402-34652 Sentence denotes Fullerenes have been widely investigated as antiviral molecules, drug carriers, or tissue scaffolds.65 Fullerene applications have been recently extended to the design of mannosylated derivatives to block the entry of viral particles into host cells.
T225 34653-34773 Sentence denotes Mannose, due to the high affinity with lectin receptors, competes with the virus in the interaction with the host cells.
T226 34774-34948 Sentence denotes For example, one of the targets is the inhibition of viral particles through the interaction of mannose with the dendritic cell-specific ICAM-grabbing non-integrin (DC-sign).
T227 34949-35209 Sentence denotes DC-sign receptors mediate the interactions between DCs and T cells.66,67 To exploit these characteristics, mannose was combined with fullerene in the design of the so-called glycofullerenes to study their capacity to inhibit Ebola, Dengue, and other pathogens.
T228 35210-35744 Sentence denotes For this purpose, different glycofullerenes were synthesized by changing the number of mannose units (from 12 to 36) and the spacers between the fullerene moieties and by varying steric hindrance in order to obtain a library of molecules.66 The synthetic route is composed of three steps based on “click chemistry”: (1) assembly of glycodendrons by Cu(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), (2) synthesis of alkyne-substituted Bingel-Hirsch hexakis-adducts, and (3) the coupling between the last two products again by CuAAC.
T229 35745-35876 Sentence denotes To increase the number of mannose moieties up to 36, the glycodendron core was changed from malonate to trialkynyl pentaerythritol.
T230 35877-35956 Sentence denotes In order to compare the different derivatives, in vitro studies were performed.
T231 35957-36141 Sentence denotes Jurkat cells (lymphocyte T CD4 immortalized cells) expressing DC-sign were used to prove the inhibition capacity of the glycofullerenes on viral infection of Ebola (Figure 6, route A).
T232 36142-36449 Sentence denotes The study revealed an IC50 in the μM range for the 12 mannose fullerene, a lower efficiency with the 36 mannose fullerene with a short spacer (PEG, with 2 ethylene oxide units), while a nanomolar IC50 was achieved with 36 mannose fullerenes with a longer spacer (PEG, with 3 ethylene oxide units) (Table 3).
T233 36450-36618 Sentence denotes This first proof-of-concept study was then expanded, aiming to obtain a better antiviral activity by increasing the valence and inserting longer and flexible spacers.68
T234 36619-36708 Sentence denotes Figure 6 Chemical design and general scheme to block the viral entry by glycofullerenes.
T235 36709-37011 Sentence denotes Three different shapes of glycofullerenes can act as inhibitor of viral infection: (A) shape composed of monodisperse fullerene bearing mannose, (B) assembly as “sugar balls” of tridecafullerenes exhibiting mannose on the edges, and (C) supramolecular micellar aggregates of fullerenes bearing mannose.
T236 37012-37091 Sentence denotes Table 3 Antiviral Activity of Different Fullerenes Functionalized with Mannose
T237 37092-37227 Sentence denotes material functional groups core function number of mannose moieties virus number of atoms between fullerene and mannose IC50 ref
T238 37228-37294 Sentence denotes glycofullerene monosaccharide malonate 12 Ebola 8 2 μM (66)
T239 37295-37375 Sentence denotes glycofullerene monosaccharide trialkynyl pentaerythritol 36 Ebola 22 68 μM
T240 37376-37457 Sentence denotes glycofullerene monosaccharide trialkynyl pentaerythritol 36 Ebola 28 0.3 μM
T241 37458-37535 Sentence denotes trideca-fullerenesa monosaccharide malonate 120 Ebola 8 20.375 nM (69)
T242 37536-37606 Sentence denotes trideca-fullerenesb monosaccharide malonate 120 Ebola 8 0.667 nM
T243 37607-37692 Sentence denotes glycofullerene disaccharide trialkynyl pentaerythritol 36 Zika 29 8.35 nM (70)
T244 37693-37708 Sentence denotes Dengue 7.71 nM
T245 37709-37793 Sentence denotes trideca-fullerenes disaccharide trialkynyl pentaerythritol 120 Zika 29 0.52 nM
T246 37794-37810 Sentence denotes Dengue 0.098 nM
T247 37811-37896 Sentence denotes trideca-fullerenes disaccharide trialkynyl pentaerythritol 360 Zika 48 0.067 nM
T248 37897-37913 Sentence denotes Dengue 0.035 nM
T249 37914-38010 Sentence denotes micellar glycofullerenes monosaccharide trialkynyl pentaerythritol 6 Ebola 23 424 nM (72)
T250 38011-38102 Sentence denotes micellar glycofullerenes monosaccharide trialkynyl pentaerythritol 12 Ebola 25 196 nM
T251 38103-38163 Sentence denotes a Small spacer between core C60 and surrounding fullerenes.
T252 38164-38224 Sentence denotes b Large spacer between core C60 and surrounding fullerenes.
T253 38225-38317 Sentence denotes Based on these studies, another class of multivalent fullerene dendrimers was then designed.
T254 38318-38461 Sentence denotes A fast and controlled synthetic route was developed to achieve giant globular multivalent fullerenes, containing hundreds of functional groups.
T255 38462-38639 Sentence denotes The first study was performed with tridecafullerenes containing 120 mannoses.69 The molecular structure is composed of 12 hexakis C60 surrounding a C60 core (Figure 6, route B).
T256 38640-38944 Sentence denotes Compared to the previous study, an IC50 3 orders of magnitude lower was measured on the inhibition of Ebola virus (Table 3).66,68 In order to present more carbohydrates at the periphery of the dendrimer, a trialkynyl pentaerythritol derivative allowed to afford a tridecafullerene with 360 carbohydrates.
T257 38945-39367 Sentence denotes In this case, the molecule was synthesized with a C60 tridecafullerene bearing α(1,2)mannobioside.70 The use of this disaccharide was already investigated, showing an increase of affinity with DC-sign receptors by a factor of 3–4.71 The synthetic strategy exploited also the use of strain-promoted copper-free cycloaddition of azides to alkynes (SPAAC) for the coupling of the core fullerene to the surrounding fullerenes.
T258 39368-39450 Sentence denotes SPAAC allows an easier purification avoiding the removal of cytotoxic copper ions.
T259 39451-39562 Sentence denotes The inhibition performance of this molecule was studied in vitro with viral pseudoparticles of Dengue and Zika.
T260 39563-39673 Sentence denotes The comparison was made between 360 and 120 disaccharides tridecafullerenes and 36 disaccharide monofullerene.
T261 39674-39807 Sentence denotes The results highlighted a picomolar IC50 inhibition on both Zika and Dengue models for the 360 disaccharide glycofullerene (Table 3).
T262 39808-39922 Sentence denotes The ability to inhibit other types of viruses allows the use of glycofullerenes as broad spectrum antiviral drugs.
T263 39923-40019 Sentence denotes Moreover, the negligible toxicity to other cells proved the biocompatibility of these molecules.
T264 40020-40252 Sentence denotes Following an alternative strategy, a supramolecular assembly of monodisperse glycofullerenes, leading to the formation of micelles, was achieved and tested.72 These micelles present a uniform and spherical shape (Figure 6, route C).
T265 40253-40457 Sentence denotes The aggregation synthetic route is faster compared to a controlled synthesis of giant glycofullerenes, but it might suffer from low reproducibility and batch-to-batch differences between each formulation.
T266 40458-40721 Sentence denotes This self-assembled C60 functionalized with 6 or 12 mannoses exposes a large amount of carbohydrate at the surface, leading to an inhibition of Ebola virus in the nanomolar range (IC50 of 424 nM for six mannoses and 196 nM for 12 mannoses, respectively, Table 3).
T267 40722-40812 Sentence denotes Further in vitro studies evidenced again a good biocompatibility of these glycofullerenes.
T268 40813-40950 Sentence denotes While there are no in vivo studies yet, these promising results enlarge the panel of molecules in the fight against new emerging viruses.
T269 40951-41081 Sentence denotes Functionalized fullerenes have been used for their ability to compete with viral particles through lectin receptors in host cells.
T270 41082-41322 Sentence denotes There has been a tremendous advancement in the functionalization of fullerenes leading to the preparation of derivatives with a high amount of mannose, capable to enhance the multivalency effect and thus to increase the therapeutic outcome.
T271 41323-41390 Sentence denotes First, glycofullerenes do not have an intrinsic virucidal activity.
T272 41391-41481 Sentence denotes They can reduce the infectivity, but they are not able to completely inactivate the virus.
T273 41482-41606 Sentence denotes Second, the mechanism of action of glycofullerenes relies on their interaction with host cells and not with viral particles.
T274 41607-41810 Sentence denotes Thus, for a therapeutic application, they should be injected at different time points, ensuring that the local concentration is therapeutically relevant to prevent the virus from invading the host cells.
T275 41811-41913 Sentence denotes In addition, glycofullerenes can be internalized into host cells losing their viral “shield” activity.
T276 41914-42049 Sentence denotes On the other hand, the well-developed surface chemistry of glycofullerenes can be used for other key receptors involved in viral entry.
T277 42050-42249 Sentence denotes For instance, in the case of the current SARS-Cov-2 pandemic, a similar click chemistry strategy can be used to anchor ligands recognized by human lung ACE2 receptors and so inhibiting viral entry.73
T278 42251-42277 Sentence denotes Other Carbon Nanomaterials
T279 42278-42394 Sentence denotes Alongside fullerenes, other carbon nanomaterials (NMs) have been scrutinized for their ability to block viral entry.
T280 42395-42481 Sentence denotes CDs and GO are the most known and studied carbon NMs with marked antiviral properties.
T281 42482-42528 Sentence denotes CDs are zero-dimensional carbon nanoparticles.
T282 42529-42631 Sentence denotes They are generally produced via hydrothermal decomposition of carbon containing “low-cost” precursors.
T283 42632-42792 Sentence denotes The use of CDs in the biomedical field has been encouraged by their easy preparation, low toxicity, fluorescence properties, and easy surface functionalization.
T284 42793-43036 Sentence denotes Pristine CDs have shown moderate viral blocking activity for HIV infection in vitro.74 This has been associated with the surface of the material rich in carboxylic and hydroxyl groups prone to form noncovalent interaction with viral membranes.
T285 43037-43200 Sentence denotes Moreover, due to the complexity of the biological systems these nonspecific interactions could not be so effective in vivo, likely reducing the antiviral efficacy.
T286 43201-43302 Sentence denotes Therapeutic targeting molecules can be grafted onto a CD surface to enhance their antiviral activity.
T287 43303-43412 Sentence denotes In this context, the design of multifunctional CD platforms can be obtained through two different strategies.
T288 43413-43552 Sentence denotes The first consists in a single-step reaction that foresees the insertion of the therapeutic molecule directly into the step of preparation.
T289 43553-43650 Sentence denotes Target molecules are decomposed with the other precursors, generating the desired functional CDs.
T290 43651-43758 Sentence denotes This protocol is fast and efficient, however the drug loading as well as its activity are hard to estimate.
T291 43759-43889 Sentence denotes Indeed, the hydrothermal treatment can alter the chemical structure of the active molecule, thus vanishing its therapeutic effect.
T292 43890-44116 Sentence denotes For these reasons, the reaction conditions must be carefully controlled.75 The second method is a two-step reaction and implies the postfunctionalization via amide formation on the surface of the CDs rich in carboxylic groups.
T293 44117-44247 Sentence denotes This strategy offers a better chemical control, but the yield and the drug loading may not be quantitative and high, respectively.
T294 44248-44323 Sentence denotes Different functionalized CDs were prepared to hamper host cell viral entry.
T295 44324-44463 Sentence denotes For instance, benzoxazine (a low water-soluble antiviral agent) was incorporated into the CD structure during their preparation (Figure 7).
T296 44464-44856 Sentence denotes The as-prepared CDs showed a broad spectrum viral blocking capacity in vitro for enveloped (e.g., Japanese encephalitis virus, Dengue virus, and Zika virus) and non-enveloped viruses (e.g., porcine parvovirus and adenovirus-associated virus).76 These positive results were explained by the efficient binding and deactivation induced by the multivalent effect of the CDs to the viral particles
T297 44857-44955 Sentence denotes Figure 7 Illustration of benzoxazine-functionalized CDs and their broad antiviral entry activity.
T298 44956-44997 Sentence denotes Reproduced with permission from ref (76).
T299 44998-45026 Sentence denotes Copyright 2019 Elsevier B.V.
T300 45027-45106 Sentence denotes Amino-functionalized CDs were also tested for the treatment of human norovirus.
T301 45107-45291 Sentence denotes In this study, CDs were functionalized with 2,2′-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EDA) and 3-ethoxypropylamine (EPA) via amide bond formation.77 These NMs exerted a good viral blockage.
T302 45292-45492 Sentence denotes In particular, EPA-functionalized CDs were able to inhibit 100% of viral infection at concentration of 2 μg/mL, while in the case of CDs prepared with the other amines, 80% of inhibition was reported.
T303 45493-45589 Sentence denotes These effects have been associated with the higher positive charge of CD-EDA compared to CD-EPA.
T304 45590-45719 Sentence denotes Another surface group used for viral targeting is boronic acid (BA), which can bind glycosylated surfaces forming boronic esters.
T305 45720-46220 Sentence denotes This strategy was successfully adopted to treat HIV where the boronic groups, linked to different nanoparticles (e.g., silica nanoparticles and nanodiamonds) can target gp120 receptors on the viral envelope inhibiting the infection.78 Another recent study proposed the use of CD functionalized with phenylboronic acid for prevention of HIV infection.74 The functional materials showed good inhibition properties compared to nonfunctionalized CDs by preventing the binding to the target cell in vitro.
T306 46221-46315 Sentence denotes Overall, the use of CDs for stopping host cell viral entrance has shown good results in vitro.
T307 46316-46420 Sentence denotes However, there is a lack of proofs in vivo limiting their applications to surface disinfection or masks.
T308 46421-46567 Sentence denotes In addition, most of the in vitro studies foresee first the contact of the CDs with the viral particles and then their incubation with host cells.
T309 46568-46733 Sentence denotes Deeper investigations should be performed adding the NMs at other time points (for instance in infected cells) to understand if the antiviral activity is maintained.
T310 46734-46869 Sentence denotes In addition, CDs have been successfully used for photodynamic therapy (generating radicals upon light irradiation) in cancer treatment.
T311 46870-47054 Sentence denotes The same approach may be used to combat viral infections, where the antiviral activity induced by the surface modification can be sensibly enhanced by ROS generation under irradiation.
T312 47055-47381 Sentence denotes Graphene materials, and in particular GO and reduced GO (rGO), have been used for different biomedical applications including drug delivery, biosensing, and tissue engineering.5 GO platforms have shown also interesting antimicrobial activity.79 Regarding viral infection, GO was used to block the virus entrance in host cells.
T313 47382-47571 Sentence denotes GO and rGO can be considered as two-dimensional materials that contain hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains allowing to adsorb many biological molecules including nucleic acids and proteins.
T314 47572-47730 Sentence denotes GO showed low interaction with viruses, however its surface functionalization with target molecules can sensibly enhance its affinity for the viral particles.
T315 47731-47985 Sentence denotes Additionally, GO can be used as photothermal agent (generation of heat by NIR irradiation) or photodynamic therapy (using visible light irradiation) inactivating the capsids by local thermal shock or by radical formation during irradiation, respectively.
T316 47986-48080 Sentence denotes The use of phototherapies may significantly augment the antiviral properties of the materials.
T317 48081-48263 Sentence denotes However, we must keep in mind that these therapeutic modalities can be applied only to disinfection, since the radical/heat production may be harmful for the healthy tissues in vivo.
T318 48264-48446 Sentence denotes Photodynamic therapy has been successfully exploited using bacteriophage MS2 as a model virus.80 In this study, GO was functionalized with an aptamer recognized by the viral surface.
T319 48447-48608 Sentence denotes The results showed that this functionalization is able to enhance the binding efficiency of the MS2 capsids onto the GO surface compared to nonfunctionalized GO.
T320 48609-48775 Sentence denotes Subsequently, irradiation in the visible light was able to disinfect the solution, while nonfunctionalized GO showed much less activity due to the lack of adsorption.
T321 48776-49020 Sentence denotes Despite these interesting results, this pioneer work remains at an early research stage since the use of high light dose (300 W for 10–140 min) and the lack of material recovery and reuse make its application for surface disinfection difficult.
T322 49021-49080 Sentence denotes GO can be also used as a platform to link antiviral agents.
T323 49081-49433 Sentence denotes Encouraging results were reported using GO with hypericin for the treatment of a recently appeared duck reovirus.81 More recently, Deokar et al. reported an original rGO-based multifunctional platform for HSV-1 treatment.82 In this work, the authors functionalized the material with organic sulfate groups and iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (FeNPs).
T324 49434-49531 Sentence denotes The rGO functionalized with the sulfate is able to mimic the host cell surface and to bind HSV-1.
T325 49532-49687 Sentence denotes Subsequently, the viral particles captured onto the rGO-FeNP surface can be concentrated via magnetic precipitation and destroyed via photothermal therapy.
T326 49688-49800 Sentence denotes This approach is highly efficient for disinfection with low energy (1.6 W/cm2 for 7 min) and cost effectiveness.
T327 49801-50036 Sentence denotes HS is a common entry receptor in various types of viruses (e.g., herpes viruses, human papillomavirus, Dengue virus).83 The use of organic sulfate-functionalized graphene sheets mimicking HS, like GO and rGO, has been already explored.
T328 50037-50417 Sentence denotes However, it is worth noting that these NMs are prone to strongly adsorb proteins in culture environments (coronation), likely inhibiting their antiviral efficacy.84 High loadings of sulfate groups were introduced onto rGO using polyglycerol sulfate.85,86 This approach has been used for inhibition of orthopoxvirus, pseudorabies virus, and African swine fever virus in vitro.85,86
T329 50418-50468 Sentence denotes Graphene has also been used as antiviral material.
T330 50469-50737 Sentence denotes Polysulfates and fatty amines were grafted onto graphene surface via triazine chemistry for the treatment of herpes simplex virus.87 This strategy promotes the synergy between the electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, showing incredibly high inhibition efficacy.
T331 50738-50824 Sentence denotes Overall, graphene materials have shown a good capacity to block host cell viral entry.
T332 50825-50963 Sentence denotes Disinfection with graphene family materials is also promising, offering the possibility to couple high viral binding with phototreatments.
T333 50964-51137 Sentence denotes Regarding the GO and rGO activity in cellular environments, different parameters must be considered such as protein coronation, blood circulation time, and activity in vivo.
T334 51138-51245 Sentence denotes So far, the use of sulfonic groups introduced via diazonium salt decomposition has been largely privileged.
T335 51246-51437 Sentence denotes We take this opportunity to encourage future studies using other targeting groups (e.g., boronic acids) and grafting methods (e.g., epoxide ring opening or hydroxyl esterification reactions).
T336 51439-51474 Sentence denotes Mechanical Disruption of the Capsid
T337 51475-51786 Sentence denotes The most direct way to suppress viruses and stop the spreading of viral infection is to inactivate them before the attachment to the host cells, by binding to the acceptor proteins.88 One of the most conserved targets of viral attachment ligands is the heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), previously mentioned.
T338 51787-51983 Sentence denotes HSPGs are expressed on the surface of almost all eukaryotic cell types, and many viruses like HIV-1, HSV, human papilloma virus (HPV) exploit HSPGs as the target of their viral attachment ligands.
T339 51984-52153 Sentence denotes Bearing in mind this behavior, different studies have used HSPG-mimicking materials to target this type of virus–cell interaction and to achieve broad spectrum efficacy.
T340 52154-52286 Sentence denotes For example, in one key study, AuNPs were functionalized with mercaptoethanesulfonate (MES) based on its mimicry of HS (Au-MES NPs).
T341 52287-52504 Sentence denotes Au-MES NPs were shown to interfere with viral attachment, viral entry, and cell-to-cell spreading.89 The importance of the polyvalent interactions with the virus makes these NPs a good candidate for antiviral therapy.
T342 52505-52686 Sentence denotes However, Au-MES NPs presented virustatic activity, meaning that upon dilution of the NPs, the virus recovers its infectivity due to the reversibility of the cell-virion interaction.
T343 52687-52825 Sentence denotes This problem was solved by Stellacci and colleagues who developed NPs coated with mercapto-1-undecanesulfonate (MUS) ligands (Au-MUS NPs).
T344 52826-53244 Sentence denotes The long aliphatic and flexible linkers provide stronger associations with the viral particles compared to Au-MES NPs, leading to local distortions and eventually inducing a global deformation and breaking of the capsid that inactivates its contagion irreversibly (Figure 8).90 These Au-MUS NPs were tested against different HSPG-dependent viruses, showing a high viricidal activity over HSV, HPV, and RSV (Figure 9A).
T345 53245-53511 Sentence denotes Furthermore, the activity of the Au-MUS NPs was studied in vivo using mice infected with RSV, indicating that the material can prevent pulmonary dissemination of the infection and showing potential use as medically relevant virucidal drugs to fight viral infections.
T346 53512-53793 Sentence denotes More recently, the concept was further extended to cyclodextrins modified with mercapto-1-undecanesulfonate, proposing this system as a broad spectrum virucidal macromolecule.91 Besides Au-NPs, a similar mechanism of disruption was studied with other materials like graphene or GO.
T347 53794-54083 Sentence denotes In a study, in which the toxicity of graphene was evaluated theoretically, it was also shown that graphene nanosheets can interrupt the hydrophobic protein–protein interaction, which is essential to biological functions.92 This feature was attributed to the hydrophobic nature of graphene.
T348 54084-54227 Sentence denotes Thus, it seems energetically favorable for graphene to slide between the interface of two proteins in contact, due to hydrophobic interactions.
T349 54228-54772 Sentence denotes In another study inspired by this behavior, the authors performed molecular dynamics simulations of graphene nanosheets in the proximity of the surface of the Ebola viral matrix protein VP40 showing that the nanosheets can break the hydrophobic interactions in VP40, a key protein for the replication and stability of Ebola virus (Figure 8).93 These findings suggest that graphene nanosheets might have potential antiviral activity against Ebola; however, there is a lack of experimental evidence that corroborates this mechanism of disruption.
T350 54773-55229 Sentence denotes On the other hand, GO was tested experimentally against Pseudorabies virus and Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), showing significant decrease in the infectivity.94 It was found that the negatively charged surface of GO is important for the adsorption of the virus, whose surface is positively charged, and that GO could directly interact with the viral particles and destroy their structures due to the sharp edges of the material (Figures 8 and 9B).
T351 55230-55296 Sentence denotes Figure 8 Mechanical disruption mechanisms of different NMs. Left:
T352 55297-55389 Sentence denotes Au-MUS NPs inducing mechanical forces in the virus capsid leading to inactivation.90 Center:
T353 55390-55462 Sentence denotes Graphene NSs disrupting VP40 hydrophobic interactions in Ebola.93 Right:
T354 55463-55548 Sentence denotes Interaction between negatively charged surface of GO and positively charged capsid.94
T355 55549-55596 Sentence denotes Figure 9 Interaction of NMs with viral capsid.
T356 55597-55631 Sentence denotes A) Gold NPs acting on HSV-2 virus.
T357 55632-55708 Sentence denotes After 90 min, the percentage of destroyed virus was significantly increased.
T358 55709-55720 Sentence denotes Scale bars:
T359 55721-55728 Sentence denotes 100 nm.
T360 55729-55770 Sentence denotes Reproduced with permission from ref (90).
T361 55771-55847 Sentence denotes Copyright 2018 Springer Nature Limited. (B) GO acting on Pseudorabies virus.
T362 55848-55935 Sentence denotes After incubation with GO for 1 h, part of the virus envelope and spikes were destroyed.
T363 55936-55947 Sentence denotes Scale bars:
T364 55948-55955 Sentence denotes 200 nm.
T365 55956-55997 Sentence denotes Reproduced with permission from ref (94).
T366 55998-56040 Sentence denotes Copyright 2015, American Chemical Society.
T367 56041-56267 Sentence denotes The mechanical disruption of the capsid is a peculiar antiviral mechanism associated with some NMs. In particular, the use of specific sulfonates able to mimic heparan sulfate can be also used to target SARS-Cov-2 infection.95
T368 56269-56305 Sentence denotes Antiviral Activity Inside Host Cells
T369 56306-56447 Sentence denotes Blocking the viral entry, via liquid/surface disinfection or once in the body, is a powerful strategy to hamper early stage viral contagions.
T370 56448-56591 Sentence denotes On the other hand, when infections have already spread and reached middle and late stages, alternative pharmacological strategies are required.
T371 56592-56707 Sentence denotes The study of the viral pathogenesis and machinery inside host cells has allowed the preparation of different drugs.
T372 56708-56824 Sentence denotes Due to the present pandemic, such antiviral drugs are now of top interest in the scientific and medical communities.
T373 56825-57149 Sentence denotes So far, few antiviral drugs are clinically available, and their mechanisms of action consist on the inhibition of reverse transcriptase (HIV, hepatitis), DNA inhibition of polymerase (herpes, HIV), inhibition of protease (HIV), blockage of ion channels (influenza), and inhibition of neuramidase (HIV, influenza, hepatitis).
T374 57150-57215 Sentence denotes However, these drugs suffer from moderate to severe side effects.
T375 57216-57369 Sentence denotes Additionally, rapid mutations in the viral machinery make them resistant to the treatments, making the control and the stop of the infection challenging.
T376 57370-57432 Sentence denotes The use of HNMs in drug delivery has shown several advantages.
T377 57433-57499 Sentence denotes First, HNMs can increase drug solubility and its circulation time.
T378 57500-57665 Sentence denotes Additionally, they can be functionalized with targeting molecules able to direct the drug to the desired organs and so avoiding side effects and reducing the dosage.
T379 57666-57722 Sentence denotes More recently, new antiviral mechanisms were discovered.
T380 57723-57907 Sentence denotes In particular, it was found that different types of HNMs are able to change the ROS homeostasis in infected host cells, stopping the viral replication and preserving the cell survival.
T381 57908-58034 Sentence denotes In this section both drug delivery materials and HNMs with ROS modulation properties will be critically presented (Figure 10).
T382 58035-58120 Sentence denotes Figure 10 Illustration of NMs interacting with host cell to prevent viral spreading.
T383 58121-58173 Sentence denotes Left: NMs are used for delivery of antiviral agents.
T384 58174-58269 Sentence denotes Right: NMs can change the ROS homeostasis slowing down the infection and helping cell survival.
T385 58271-58302 Sentence denotes Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery
T386 58303-58373 Sentence denotes Different HNMs have been widely tested for drug delivery applications.
T387 58374-58509 Sentence denotes The advantages of this strategy are several including enhance drug solubility and the possibility of targeting and multivalent effects.
T388 58510-58689 Sentence denotes As a potential broad spectral antiviral agent, AgNPs can prevent the virus from adsorbing to the host cell in the early stage of infection and thus show strong antiviral activity.
T389 58690-58792 Sentence denotes After the cells are infected by the virus, there are ways to inhibit cell apoptosis (Figure 2, right).
T390 58793-59111 Sentence denotes For example, Lv et al. studied the anti-TGEV activity of AgNPs in swine testicle cells and explored the possible mechanism of AgNP inhibition of TGEV infection-induced apoptosis.18 The results showed that these AgNPs are able to decrease cell apoptosis through the activation of p38/mitochondria-caspase-3 signaling.18
T391 59112-59369 Sentence denotes Although the use of AgNPs has shown good antiviral action to further improve the therapeutic effects and reduce both side effects and drug resistance, the way of binding drugs or genes and other therapeutic agents to AgNPs has received particular attention.
T392 59370-59526 Sentence denotes It has been observed that AgNPs inhibit the activities of neuraminidase and hemagglutinin, preventing the H1N1 influenza virus from attaching to host cells.
T393 59527-59655 Sentence denotes At the same time, the potential molecular mechanisms revealed that caspase-3-mediated apoptosis was inhibited by ROS generation.
T394 59656-59714 Sentence denotes AgNPs modified with polyethylenimine (PEI) can bind siRNA.
T395 59715-60020 Sentence denotes Ag@PEI@siRNA exhibited superior abilities for enhanced cellular uptake and blocking EV71 virus infection and significantly decreased the apoptotic cell population, which prevented the spread of EV71 virus.37 In addition to drugs and siRNA, neutralizing antibodies in combination with AgNPs were developed.
T396 60021-60175 Sentence denotes The results demonstrated that there is an additive effect between the antibody and AgNPs when combined against cell-associated HIV-1 infection in vitro.96
T397 60176-60242 Sentence denotes The membranotropic properties of fullerenes were widely exploited.
T398 60243-60586 Sentence denotes For example, pristine C60, after accumulation at the cell membrane, can translocate into the cytoplasm by crossing the membrane through multiple energy-dependent pathways despite its hydrophobic character.97 Fullerenes can be made water dispersible using surfactants, sonication or first dissolving them in appropriate organic solvents (DMSO).
T399 60587-60824 Sentence denotes The use of fullerenes as inhibitors of viruses started in 1993 with a study focused on HIV infection.98 This work revealed the interaction between C60 derivatives and HIV protease through molecular modeling and experimental verification.
T400 60825-60960 Sentence denotes HIV protease (HIV-PR) is involved in the mechanism of replication in the maturation of HIV virion, cleaving newly synthesized proteins.
T401 60961-61229 Sentence denotes The active site of HIV protease has a cavity of 10 Å closed to the diameter of C60 cage.99 Molecular docking and experiments on HIV-PR catalytic activity revealed a blockage of the active site of the enzyme by van der Waals interactions leading to an antiviral effect.
T402 61230-61393 Sentence denotes The following studies were based on a structure–activity relationship between functionalized fullerenes and HIV-PR with the aim to increase the antiviral activity.
T403 61394-61809 Sentence denotes The introduction of pyrrolidinium salts onto C60 was tested against the activity of HIV-1 strain.100 In a second study, C60 bearing two ammonium groups was applied against the activity of HIV-1 and HIV-2 strains.101 The results showed the importance of having two moieties in a precise position on the fullerene cage and the influence of the charge of the different salts sensibly increasing its antiviral activity.
T404 61810-61912 Sentence denotes Further investigations using different functional groups (e.g., amino acid derivatives) were explored.
T405 61913-62230 Sentence denotes C60 functionalized with aminobutyric acid and aminocaproic acid was able to inhibit HIV viral replication at subnanomolar concentrations.63 In another work, anionic and cationic pyrrolidinium salts and amino acid functionalized fullerene derivatives were used for the inhibition of HIV reverse transcriptase (HIV-RT).
T406 62231-62596 Sentence denotes Fullerene compounds were compared to nevirapine, an available drug against HIV-RT, revealing a better inhibition compared to the pure drug.102 The antiviral property of carboxylated fullerenes was confirmed by another study.103 Results obtained in vitro on CEM cell line showed low toxicity and a submicromolar EC50 against HIV-1 and HIV-2 strain viral replication.
T407 62597-62680 Sentence denotes Several mechanisms of HIV protease inhibitors have been hypothesized and simulated.
T408 62681-62934 Sentence denotes Some studies investigated the action of fullerene derivatives on viral replication cycle and the virus maturation (Figure 11).98,104 For the latter, it was suggested an impairment due to a strong interaction between fullerene and the immature capsid.105
T409 62935-63014 Sentence denotes Figure 11 Illustration of fullerene affecting the viral replication mechanism.
T410 63015-63141 Sentence denotes Interaction between fullerene and viral protein blocking either the transcription or the translation in the viral replication.
T411 63142-63485 Sentence denotes Other RNA viruses share ways of viral replication similar to HIV.106 C60 functionalized with an amino acid derivative was investigated against Hepatitis C RNA polymerase (HCV-RP).102 This essential enzyme for viral replication was inhibited in a submicromolar range, similarly to benzo-1,2,4-thiadiazine, a potent specific inhibitor of HCV-RP.
T412 63486-63776 Sentence denotes Another publication highlighted the effect of a C70 poly(carboxylic acid) derivative on different strains of influenza virus (e.g., A, H1N1, H3N2, and B).107 The inhibition was comparable to Tamiflu, rimantadine, ribavirin, and amantadine, but the mechanism of action remains still unclear.
T413 63777-63891 Sentence denotes These data emphasize that fullerenes C60 or C70 can be potent universal antiviral drugs for RNA enveloped viruses.
T414 63892-63994 Sentence denotes However, clear elucidations of the mechanisms of action and in vivo studies are still a missing point.
T415 63995-64253 Sentence denotes Due to their high surface/weight ratio and capacity to pass through cell membranes, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been extensively explored for drug and gene delivery applications.108 CNTs have been also successfully used for the delivery of antiviral agents.
T416 64254-64503 Sentence denotes Compared to pristine materials, oxidized CNTs (ox-CNTs) showed an inhibitory activity for HIV viruses per se.109 This effect has been associated with the oxygenated groups that increase the hydrophilicity and the colloidal stability of the material.
T417 64504-64692 Sentence denotes The antiviral efficiency has been correlated to the ox-CNT interaction with host cells.109 However, it is not clear how and what kind of mechanism blocks the viral machinery in host cells.
T418 64693-64784 Sentence denotes Different anchoring strategies have been explored to link antiviral drugs onto CNT surface.
T419 64785-65427 Sentence denotes For instance, ox-CNTs were covalently linked to 2-amino-3-nitro-1-(3,5-dimethylbenzyl)-aniline (CHI360) and N-(2-aminophenyl-3-nitro-)-3,5-dimethylbenzenesulfonamide (CHI415), two active non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors for HIV treatment.109 Following the covalent conjugation, only a moderate antiviral effect was observed compared to pure drugs, indicating that most probably the NM cell trafficking played a key role on the virucidal activity.109 In another study, ox-CNTs functionalized with cyclodextrin were used for the delivery of acyclovir (a prodrug inhibitor of the viral DNA polymerases) for the treatment of HSV-1.
T420 65428-65729 Sentence denotes Preliminary results showed that when acyclovir was delivered via the nanotubes, the viral antireplicative effect was higher than the free drug.110 More recently, a similar approach was applied to herpes virus using cyclodextrin and PEI-functionalized CNTs for co-delivery of cidofovir and plasmid DNA.
T421 65730-66144 Sentence denotes However, the antiviral effect of the materials was not explained, and the transfection effect was not satisfactory.111 Functionalized CNTs have been also used for delivery of ribavirin in vivo using grass carp as an animal model for the study of grass carp reovirus. ox-CNTs were first functionalized via amidation with BSA, and then ribavirin was covalently bound to the protein via esterification (Figure 12).112
T422 66145-66246 Sentence denotes Figure 12 Schematic procedure of the functionalization of single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) and ribavirin.
T423 66247-66289 Sentence denotes Reproduced with permission from ref (112).
T424 66290-66319 Sentence denotes Copyright 2015, Elsevier B.V.
T425 66320-66541 Sentence denotes In vivo tests demonstrated that, when ribovirin was shuttled by ox-CNTs, the antiviral efficiency was significantly increased without any evident toxicity and no significant changes in ROS-generating enzymatic activities.
T426 66542-66609 Sentence denotes The use of CNTs in drug delivery is however still controversial.113
T427 66610-66699 Sentence denotes Graphene-based materials have been limitedly studied as antiviral drug delivery carriers.
T428 66700-66751 Sentence denotes Only a few examples can be found in the literature.
T429 66752-67001 Sentence denotes Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were used for drug delivery of CHI360 and CHI415 and tested in vitro against HIV similarly to CNTs.109 Both the prepared GQD-CHI360 and GQD-CHI415 showed a high antiviral activity once into host cells, with low toxicity.
T430 67002-67115 Sentence denotes GO has been also used for the delivery of DNAzyme into hepatic cells allowing to block the hepatitis C infection.
T431 67116-67217 Sentence denotes This specific DNA single strand is able to recognize the viral mRNA and to silence its expression.114
T432 67218-67292 Sentence denotes Overall, carbon NMs proved to be interesting carriers for antiviral drugs.
T433 67293-67393 Sentence denotes However, several questions need to be answered before their safe application as antiviral materials.
T434 67394-67639 Sentence denotes Different reports have demonstrated that pristine CNTs display relevant toxicity for healthy cells, but by oxidation of the tubes, the side effects can be sensibly reduced.109 In addition, more investigations should be performed on CNT toxicity.
T435 67640-67923 Sentence denotes These nanocarriers indeed are not “innocent delivery agents”, but they play a key role in drug internalization pathway and in host cell machinery that might be averse to the expected therapeutic effects.109 So far, CNT application in biological systems has been studied for 20 years.
T436 67924-68047 Sentence denotes However, due to their possible toxicity, their real application in clinics seems to be steeper and difficult to achieve.112
T437 68049-68089 Sentence denotes Materials Tuning Reactive Oxygen Species
T438 68090-68170 Sentence denotes ROS homeostasis in infected cells has been studied for both RNA and DNA viruses.
T439 68171-68685 Sentence denotes For instance, it was shown that infection of mice with influenza A decreased the concentration of lung glutathione and the antioxidant vitamin C, providing evidence that the viral infection was associated with oxidative stress in vitro as well as in vivo.115 Similarly, in HIV infection, induced oxidative stress in host T cells and high concentrations of antioxidants are able to slow down the cell-to-cell viral spreading.115 The increase of ROS concentration is a common process in most of the viral infections.
T440 68686-68762 Sentence denotes However, the mechanism of radical generation is different from case to case.
T441 68763-68876 Sentence denotes Several proofs suggest that modulating ROS homeostasis in infected cells can slow down or block the infection.116
T442 68877-68945 Sentence denotes HNMs have been shown to be powerful allies against viral infections.
T443 68946-69067 Sentence denotes In particular, metal or metal oxide NMs, once internalized, can regulate the radical production into infected host cells.
T444 69068-69216 Sentence denotes In this scenario, the NMs can work following two different mechanisms: (1) enhancing radical activity or (2) quenching ROS inside cell compartments.
T445 69217-69368 Sentence denotes In the first case, metal oxide NPs are able to convert superoxide ions into more reactive hydroxyl radical species via Fenton or Fenton-like reactions.
T446 69369-69508 Sentence denotes The excess of superoxide ions is able to oxidize the viral proteins and the genetic material and therefore efficiently block the infection.
T447 69509-69687 Sentence denotes This approach has been reported using ZnO NPs.117,118 In these studies, ZnO NPs have been successfully applied for the treatment of H1N1 influenza virus and Herpes simplex virus.
T448 69688-69831 Sentence denotes The preliminary results showed that PEGylated ZnO particles were able to efficiently reduce the viral infection with IC50 similar to acyclovir.
T449 69832-70023 Sentence denotes More importantly, toxicity of ZnO was modulated by functionalization with PEG, which allowed a higher colloidal stability and a more controlled release of Zn2+ ions to catalyze ROS formation.
T450 70024-70229 Sentence denotes Indeed, ROS (e.g., superoxide and hydroxyl radicals) produced by the NPs should be highly reactive and should not only damage the exogenous biological molecules but also attack different cell compartments.
T451 70230-70303 Sentence denotes Overproduction of ROS may reduce virus spread but also induce cell death.
T452 70304-70483 Sentence denotes Interestingly, this approach is applicable only at the early infection stage (after 1 h incubation of the host cells with a virus), but it loses its activity at later time points.
T453 70484-70876 Sentence denotes These experimental evidences suggest that materials capable of triggering the formation of ROS are essential in the first phase of the viral replication, most probably inducing the arrest of the viral DNA polymerases, which is active in the first 1–3 h of viral contamination.117,118 This specific mechanism of action restricts ZnO NPs to an application only at the early stage of infections.
T454 70877-71018 Sentence denotes However, the same approach with other metals able to induce Fenton or Fenton-like reactions (e.g., Fe, Cu, and Mn) has not been reported yet.
T455 71019-71148 Sentence denotes The choice of proper capping agents may allow to control the metal ion release and thus tune the ROS-mediated antiviral activity.
T456 71149-71255 Sentence denotes We would like to take an advantage here to suggest the growth of the antiviral research in this direction.
T457 71256-71343 Sentence denotes Another successful approach relies on the reduction of ROS concentration in host cells.
T458 71344-71493 Sentence denotes ROS scavenging is able to alleviate the toxicity of the infection enhancing cell viability, giving time to start its endogenous antiviral mechanisms.
T459 71494-71567 Sentence denotes So, this approach may both block infection and ensure host cell survival.
T460 71568-71665 Sentence denotes In this context, selenium NPs (SeNPs) have been extensively studied for their antiviral activity.
T461 71666-71957 Sentence denotes The mechanism of action of these NPs relies on the quenching of the radicals into host cells due to the infection, stopping the mitochondria depolarization and the consequent apoptotic cascade.119 Additionally, SeNPs can also adsorb onto the viral capsid sensibly reducing their infectivity.
T462 71958-72065 Sentence denotes SeNPs can be prepared via classical mixing of selenium salt precursors in the presence of a reducing agent.
T463 72066-72499 Sentence denotes More recently, SeNPs have been instead biosynthesized from Actinobacteria showing good stability and capacity to inhibit Dengue virus in vitro.120 Moreover, SeNPs were used to carry different antiviral drugs including zanamivir,121 oseltamivir,122 amantadine,123 and ribavirin.119 Their functionalization with the desired drug can be easily achieved adding the molecule during their synthesis through the Se ion controlled reduction.
T464 72500-72560 Sentence denotes These NMs have been applied for the treatment of H1N1 virus.
T465 72561-72819 Sentence denotes Notably, SeNPs with ribavirin (administered via intranasal absorption every 24 h for 3 days) showed that infected mice had much less alveolar collapse and perivascular and peribronchiolar edema, compared to the group challenged with the virus (Figure 13).119
T466 72820-73120 Sentence denotes Figure 13 In vivo antiviral efficiency of SeNPs functionalized with ribavirin (Se@RBV). (a) Mice infected by H1N1 virus were treated with physiological saline (Mock), RBV, SeNPs, or Se@RBV. (b) H&E and tunnel staining showing that Se@RBV-treated mice displayed reduced lung damages compared to Mock.
T467 73121-73163 Sentence denotes Reproduced with permission from ref (119).
T468 73164-73194 Sentence denotes Copyright 2018 Dove Press Ltd.
T469 73195-73340 Sentence denotes Due to their efficacy and low toxicity, SeNPs can be considered a useful material for the treatment of other viral diseases including SARS-Cov-2.
T470 73341-73661 Sentence denotes As a matter of fact, oxidative stress as well as chronic inflammation may contribute to the aggravation of the Covid-19 symptoms and to the general spread of the infection.124 The use of SeNPs could eventually alleviate the toxicity of infected patients, giving time for the immune system to react against the contagion.
T471 73662-73854 Sentence denotes However, the lack of preclinical studies on SeNPs, together the scarce knowledge of their biosafety and long-term toxicity, still remain the main challenges to tackle for clinical translation.
T472 73856-73890 Sentence denotes Interaction with the Immune System
T473 73891-74027 Sentence denotes The vast majority of the studies show that human survival to viral attack is based on the stimulation and response of our immune system.
T474 74028-74177 Sentence denotes When a virus enters and starts infecting tissues, the body reacts and triggers a strong immune response to overcome the pathogen invasion and spread.
T475 74178-74237 Sentence denotes Normally, two different immunological reactions take place.
T476 74238-74925 Sentence denotes The oxidative stress induced by infection causes the activation of the inflammasome through upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, pro-IL-18, and NLRP3.122 Excessive upregulation of this mechanism leads to cell damage and eventually to pyroptosis activated by caspases.122 It was also shown that generation of radicals is able to depolarize mitochondria, hence affecting host cell respiration and inducing ROS-mediated apoptosis at the late stage of infection.123 Besides, activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines can alert the immune system blocking the infection (the innate immune response).122 The second immune response is specific (the adaptive immune response).
T477 74926-75061 Sentence denotes Immune cells are trained to attack the virus (cellular response), while specific antibodies are produced by B cells (humoral response).
T478 75062-75195 Sentence denotes In the last years, HNMs were proved to tune the immune responses, demonstrating to be a possible alternative against viral infection.
T479 75196-75340 Sentence denotes In this section the most relevant strategies for the activation of innate and adaptive immune responses using NMs will be described (Figure 14).
T480 75341-75407 Sentence denotes Figure 14 Illustration of HNM interaction with the immune system.
T481 75408-75510 Sentence denotes Left: HNMs can enhance the production of interferon (IFN) alerting the immune system of the infection.
T482 75511-75517 Sentence denotes Right:
T483 75518-75715 Sentence denotes Virus-mimicking particles composed of viral proteins and HNMs can induce a strong immunological response activating dendritic cells, T cells, and stimulating B cells to produce specific antibodies.
T484 75717-75739 Sentence denotes Innate Immune Response
T485 75740-75843 Sentence denotes Innate immune response is the first response that takes place in the presence of any type of infection.
T486 75844-76240 Sentence denotes During this early stage, interferon stimulating genes (ISGs) are upregulated in the infected cells.125 This self-defense mechanism slows down the viral replication and alerts sentinel immune cells that start producing proinflammatory cytokines and trigger inflammation.125 However, many viruses are able to escape this complex mechanism, retarding the immune response and spreading the infection.
T487 76241-76319 Sentence denotes The interaction of HNMs with the immune system has been more and more studied.
T488 76320-76484 Sentence denotes In the case of antiviral HNMs, many examples can be found in the literature where the NMs not only slow down the infection but also tune the innate immune response.
T489 76485-76542 Sentence denotes Certain HMNs can display an intrinsic immune stimulation.
T490 76543-76825 Sentence denotes We have already mentioned above that in the early stage of infection, AgNPs mainly prevent the virus from entering the host cell through the interaction with the external capsid, but in vitro cellular experiments lack to understand the complex interaction with primary immune cells.
T491 76826-77030 Sentence denotes Recent studies have shown that AgNPs can potentially induce the expression of genes involved in innate and adaptive immunity-associated pathways, which are known to play crucial role in immune regulation.
T492 77031-77669 Sentence denotes For example, Toll-like receptor 7 can be upregulated by AgNPs after 24 h, by recognizing the single-stranded RNA of the viruses and regulating the antiviral immune response.126 Another study showed that in RSV-infected mice treated with AgNPs, the particles reduced the production of pro-inflammatory TNF-α and IL-6 cytokines, but potentiated the anti-RSV activity of neutrophils in an experimental mouse model.127 However, activation of AgNPs in the reduction of RSV has been noted only when the NM was intranasally inoculated together with the virus, and no results have been reported on the use of AgNPs administrated on infected mice.
T493 77670-77856 Sentence denotes In the case of influenza virus infection of lung epithelial cells, it was found that AgNPs targeted infected lung epithelial cells and reduced viral replication, by preventing autophagy.
T494 77857-77972 Sentence denotes However, the blockage of the autophagic flux by AgNPs does not inhibit viral replication in already infected cells.
T495 77973-78356 Sentence denotes Therefore, AgNPs are more suitable as viral preventive agents due to their pro-inflammatory response rather than drugs.128 More recently, AgNPs were combined with graphene materials and exploited as antiviral material for the treatment of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV).129 GO-AgNPs were able to clump the virus diminishing its fusion with cell membrane.
T496 78357-78527 Sentence denotes Additionally, once GO-AgNPs were internalized in host cells, they stimulated the ISGs that blocked viral budding and its diffusion to other cells in vitro (Figure 15).129
T497 78528-78618 Sentence denotes Figure 15 Scheme of the mechanism of action of GO-AgNPs on activation of innate immunity.
T498 78619-78661 Sentence denotes Reproduced with permission from ref (129).
T499 78662-78704 Sentence denotes Copyright 2018 American Chemistry Society.
T500 78705-79348 Sentence denotes Similarly, CDs used for the treatment of RSV and PRRSV were able to activate the innate immune response via an upregulation of ISGs in vitro.130 Gold nanorods were applied to boost the innate immune response against RSV in vivo.131 Interestingly, it was shown that these nanorods (when intranasally administered with RSV) were not only able to activate the ISGs but also to tune the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in the blocking of the infection with a reduced pulmonary inflammation.131 As drug carriers, HNMs can also affect the internalization pathways, modulate drug efficacy, and the immune cell responses.
T501 79349-79666 Sentence denotes For instance, it was found that the isoprinosine immunomodulatory antiviral drug displays a much higher antiviral efficacy in vivo when delivered with CNTs than as a pure drug (in zebrafish larvae food administration), probably due to a better cellular uptake and the anti-inflammatory properties of the nanotubes.132
T502 79667-80115 Sentence denotes Fullerenes also exhibit immunomodulation properties through the release of cytokines by bovine alveolar macrophages.133 A study explored the influence of functionalization of C60 with molecules presenting different surface charges like hydroxyl groups and amino acids.134 The study concluded that negative charges upregulated TNF-α up-secretion in RAW 264.7 macrophages, but highly positively or negatively charged surfaces increased cell toxicity.
T503 80116-80218 Sentence denotes The upregulation of the cytokine TNF-α is a proof that fullerene can promote cellular immune response.
T504 80219-80368 Sentence denotes Despite these preliminary results, the actual mechanisms of interaction between HNMs and the immune system are still at early stage of understanding.
T505 80369-80459 Sentence denotes We must consider that the immune response needs to be proportional to the infection grade.
T506 80460-80707 Sentence denotes If on one side nanosized immuno-boosters can alert more efficiently the sentinel cells, the use of HNMs that trigger an exaggerated immune response can promote excessive inflammation, damaging healthy cells and promoting uncontrolled side effects.
T507 80708-80927 Sentence denotes In the particular context of SARS-Cov-2, the use of AgNPs, fullerenes, or other pro-inflammatory HNMs at the middle and late infection stage may cause an aggravation of the symptoms due to already diffused inflammation.
T508 80928-81370 Sentence denotes In particular, most of the studies showed the ability to reduce infection when HNMs were first incubated with the pathogenic virus, thus limiting their potential use in the early stage infection.124 The formulation of HNMs able to both alert the immune system (e.g., upregulating cytokine) and control lung inflammation (e.g., ROS scavenger) even after the early stage infection may be a possible strategy for treatments against SARS viruses.
T509 81372-81396 Sentence denotes Adaptive Immune Response
T510 81397-81495 Sentence denotes Adaptive immune response is the specific response that the immune system exerts against pathogens.
T511 81496-81959 Sentence denotes This mechanism is particularly active toward viral infections where the immune system produces specialized lymphocytes (to fight the virus), called memory B cells (to be effective in case of new infections) and antibodies (corresponding to the humoral response).135 The stimulation of adaptive responses in case of specific infections can be induced artificially through the introduction of attenuated pathogens, stimulating the production of specific antibodies.
T512 81960-82368 Sentence denotes This is the principle of vaccination, which is the most common procedure for immunization of large areas of population against many kinds of lethal viruses.135 Besides, the use of viral proteins as antigens in the vaccine formulation leads to neutralizing antibodies, but, due to the low immunogenicity of isolated proteins, does not always stimulate sufficiently the immune system to reach total protection.
T513 82369-82472 Sentence denotes More recently, nanotechnology has been applied to develop more efficient vaccines (e.g., nanovaccines).
T514 82473-82803 Sentence denotes The use of nanostructures with a size similar to virus (virus-like nanoparticles) sensibly enhances the response helping to reach immunity.135 HNMs can adsorb viral particles and present them to the immune system.136,137 This method of vaccination has been successfully applied in vivo for the challenge of herpes simplex 2 virus.
T515 82804-82905 Sentence denotes HSV-2 starts its spreading in vaginal tissues and then diffuses to the neurons causing death in mice.
T516 82906-83102 Sentence denotes ZnO NPs (teardrop morphology), after vaginal inoculation with HSV-2, are able not only to prevent viral cell adhesion but also to expose viral antigens to T cells and DCs, leading to immunization.
T517 83103-83187 Sentence denotes The preclinical trials against HSV-2 showed a survival to infection higher than 90%.
T518 83188-83350 Sentence denotes This approach highlights the possibility to couple cell mimicking NMs to other co-adjuvants for the formulation of large spectrum nanovaccines (Figure 16).136,137
T519 83351-83706 Sentence denotes Figure 16 (A) Scanning electron microscopy images of ZnO tetrapod nanoparticles (ZOTEN) synthesized by flame transport synthesis. (B) Mice were challenged intravaginally with HSV-2 333 with or without ZOTEN. (C) To monitor progression of infection, mice were observed daily for the development of lesions around the vaginal opening, and base of the tail.
T520 83707-83774 Sentence denotes Representative images from three independent experiments are shown.
T521 83775-83817 Sentence denotes Reproduced with permission from ref (137).
T522 83818-83880 Sentence denotes Copyright 2016 the American Association of Immunologists, Inc.
T523 83881-83973 Sentence denotes HNMs have been also applied to the delivery of antigens, exposing them to the immune system.
T524 83974-84603 Sentence denotes Fullerenes were found as suitable carriers for the delivery of drugs or nucleic acids.138 Functionalized fullerene can also self-assemble into virus-sized NPs.139 Investigated as vaccines in cancer immune therapy,140 polyhydroxy fullerenes (called fullerenols) display interesting properties for antiviral therapy, based on their capacity to self-assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs) and so to enhance the immunogenicity of the antigens.141 The great advantage of this strategy relies on the easy encapsulation process during the self-assembly making fullerenols versatile for the formulation of different kinds of vaccines.
T525 84604-85027 Sentence denotes These VLPs were investigated against HIV-1141 and hepatitis C viruses.142 Compared to conventional protein- or peptide-based vaccines intended to induce antigen-specific adaptive immune responses, DNA vaccines are more stable, cost-effective, easy to manufacture, and safe in handling.143 However, DNA vaccines have the disadvantage of being poorly immunogenic.144 Fullerenol VLPs allow to avoid the use of other adjuvants.
T526 85028-85165 Sentence denotes In the case of a vaccine against HIV-1, fullerenol VLPs penetrated easily into the cells resulting in an enhancement of DNA transfection.
T527 85166-85396 Sentence denotes This was proved in a study using fullerenol encapsulating DNA encoding the HIV-1 envelope protein gp145 (Figure 17).141In vitro assays were performed in human embryonic kidney cells line (HEK293) showing good transfection ability.
T528 85397-85590 Sentence denotes Following various immunization routes (e.g., activation of Toll-like receptor signaling or effector memory T cell immune response), fullerenol VLPs can induce an innate and a cellular immunity.
T529 85591-85763 Sentence denotes A similar study was performed for hepatitis C using the HCV recombinant protein as antigen,142 confirming the potential efficacy of using fullerenols as antiviral vaccines.
T530 85764-85835 Sentence denotes Nevertheless, these results require further mechanistic investigations.
T531 85836-86133 Sentence denotes Indeed, in vitro studies also evidenced a suppressive effect of acquired immune response of C60 pyrrolidine tris-acid and fullerenol C60(OH)36.145 The fullerenol had a dose-dependent effect on T cell receptor-mediated activation and antibody production by B cells under anti-CD40/IL-4 stimulation.
T532 86134-86184 Sentence denotes However, the molecular mechanism is still unknown.
T533 86185-86814 Sentence denotes Figure 17 Use of fullerenol as co-adjuvant for vaccination. (a) The structure of fullerenol, red balls represent O and white for H on the fullerene surface, and green balls represent C atoms. (b) The schematic diagram of HIV Env plasmid DNA encapsulated during the self-assembly of fullerenol. (c) TEM image of Env entrapped by fullerenol. (d) Compared to naked Env immunization group, IFN-γ production (immunospot) was significantly enhanced when mice were immunized with the formulation via various immunization routes, including intradermal (i.d.), intramuscular (i.m.), subcutaneous (s.c.), and intranasal (i.n.) injections.
T534 86815-86891 Sentence denotes Fullerenol could decrease the antigen dosage (e) and immunization times (f).
T535 86892-86934 Sentence denotes Reproduced with permission from ref (141).
T536 86935-86973 Sentence denotes Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
T537 86974-87412 Sentence denotes Other HNMs including AuNPs (two subcutaneous injections in guinea pigs) and nanodiamonds (three subcutaneous injections in Balb/C mice) were explored as carriers of viral proteins for immunization of swine transmissible gastroenteritis virus and H7N9 influenza, respectively, with good preliminary results.146,147 In these cases, the vaccine formulation relies on the adsorption of the viral antigen onto the surface of the nanoparticles.
T538 87413-87474 Sentence denotes However, an effective vaccination depends on several factors.
T539 87475-87547 Sentence denotes First of all, the size of the NPs plays a key role on the immune system.
T540 87548-87781 Sentence denotes For instance, size-dependent vaccination efficacy has been reported in mice immunization against the foot-and-mouth disease virus (intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injection, every 7 days for 7 weeks) using AuNPs as antigen carriers.
T541 87782-88003 Sentence denotes In this study, the most effective activity to stimulate the immune system was exerted by particles with a diameter in the range of 8 nm.148 Both smaller or bigger particles evidenced a drop-off of the immunization effect.
T542 88004-88173 Sentence denotes This aspect cannot be ascribed to the antigen concentration, but must be associated only to the nanoparticle size; however, the mechanism of interaction remains unknown.
T543 88174-88266 Sentence denotes The selected antigen plays also a crucial role in the preparation of wide spectrum vaccines.
T544 88267-88405 Sentence denotes For instance, in the case of influenza, two major membrane glycoproteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, are generally used as antigens.
T545 88406-88621 Sentence denotes However, the antibodies produced by this vaccination strategy are selective to the dominant epitope which has a low effectiveness or is totally ineffective against other epitopes or other kinds of influenza viruses.
T546 88622-88828 Sentence denotes M2 (a viral protein responsible for the budding and scission of the influenza virus) is commonly expressed in different types of influenza viruses with a high rate of conservation but with low antigenicity.
T547 88829-88959 Sentence denotes It has been shown that AuNPs functionalized with M2e protein have a high immunization capacity in comparison to the antigen alone.
T548 88960-89294 Sentence denotes Mice immunized with AuNPs (two intranasal injections), and then challenged, showed a survival rate higher than 90% to California-H1N1pdm, Victoria-H3N2, and Vietnam-H5N1 infections.149 This strategy shows that HNMs can be used to boost the immune response of low immunogenic molecules, providing a wide spectrum vaccination potential.
T549 89295-89527 Sentence denotes Unfortunately, it has not been determined if the budding process in SARS-Cov-2 is mediated by viral proteins or via the host cell’s endosomal sorting complex, thus more research on the SARS-Cov-2 viral machinery is highly desirable.
T550 89528-89742 Sentence denotes All these approaches are based on the capacity of the nanoparticles to adsorb the antigens and expose them to the immune system in the appropriate conformation to produce the neutralizing and protective antibodies.
T551 89743-89801 Sentence denotes However, the adsorption is not an easy process to control.
T552 89802-90052 Sentence denotes For instance, AuNPs have been ineffective in the immunization against SARS-Cov, when S viral proteins were used as antigens.150 In particular, the immunization with the protein alone was more efficient than when it was adsorbed onto the AuNP surface.
T553 90053-90207 Sentence denotes This failure was associated with a conformational change or denaturation of the antigen, which did not lead to the production of the specific antibody.150
T554 90208-90931 Sentence denotes Covalent chemistry strategies offer a higher control on the antigen quantification with higher reproducibility and possibility to bind different groups onto the surface of HNMs. For example, calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CaPNPs) were successfully covalently functionalized with Hen Egg lysozyme as model antigen showing an immunization 100 times higher in vivo compared to antigens alone using (one subdermal injection in mice).151 A similar approach was used with iron oxide NPs using mannose (to target DCs) and hepatitis B antigen showing good immunological activity in vitro (two subdermal injections in mice at 14 days distance).152 More recently, other types of vaccination strategies have been applied using HNMs.
T555 90932-91011 Sentence denotes A smart example has been reported using multifunctional CaPNPs on herpes virus.
T556 91012-91162 Sentence denotes In this study, CaPNPs have been covalently functionalized with alum/MPL as the adjuvant and two peptides as antigens selected via reverse vaccination.
T557 91163-91460 Sentence denotes The NM stimulated the immune system generating highly efficient antibodies able to block cell-to-cell infection of herpes virus in vivo (three intramuscular injections in mice every 14 days), increasing the survival rate of immunized mice to 100% against the controls (20% survival, Figure 18).153
T558 91461-91506 Sentence denotes Figure 18 Scheme of CaPNPs used for vaccine.
T559 91507-91512 Sentence denotes Left:
T560 91513-91593 Sentence denotes CaPNPs functionalized with CpGm adjuvant and two different peptides as antigens.
T561 91594-91604 Sentence denotes Top right:
T562 91605-91667 Sentence denotes CaPNPs were able to reduce cell-to-cell virus spread in vitro.
T563 91668-91681 Sentence denotes Bottom right:
T564 91682-91740 Sentence denotes CaP nanovaccines were able to immunize mice against HSV-1.
T565 91741-91783 Sentence denotes Reproduced with permission from ref (153).
T566 91784-91812 Sentence denotes Copyright 2019 Elsevier B.V.
T567 91814-91838 Sentence denotes Summary and Perspectives
T568 91839-91940 Sentence denotes The recent history has shown the spread of different viral pandemics such as H1N1 flu, HIV, and SARS.
T569 91941-92103 Sentence denotes Nowadays, the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic global lockdown has profoundly changed the daily life of most humans, causing uncertainty in short and middle time perspectives.
T570 92104-92269 Sentence denotes In this context, the scientific community has responded to protect the population by studying new vaccines and disinfection methods to be applied in the near future.
T571 92270-92434 Sentence denotes Despite this tough work, a SARS-Cov-2 vaccination will hopefully be available in 1–2 years, making this epidemic transient period gloomy with increased instability.
T572 92435-92559 Sentence denotes The study of more effective vaccines and the production of a wide range antiviral agents is nowadays an extremely hot topic.
T573 92560-92666 Sentence denotes HNMs comprise a family of materials that share a nanostructured hard core and a tunable surface chemistry.
T574 92667-92759 Sentence denotes In this contribution, we have methodically reviewed different HNMs for antiviral properties.
T575 92760-92927 Sentence denotes HNMs can have antiviral properties per se, blocking the viral replication and diffusion, or their antiviral properties can be tailored, playing with surface chemistry.
T576 92928-93006 Sentence denotes HNMs can be used to block viral entry and arrest infection at the early stage.
T577 93007-93258 Sentence denotes The mechanisms rely on different actions including breaking of capsid disulfide bonds (e.g., noble metal nanoparticles), capsid oxidation (e.g., CuONPs), mimicking of cell surface (e.g., carbon NMs), or mechanical disruption (e.g., AuNPs or graphene).
T578 93259-93382 Sentence denotes Surface functionalization additionally confers a higher specificity and pharmacological activity toward the targeted virus.
T579 93383-93688 Sentence denotes In particular, the high local concentration of ligands on functionalized HNM surface imparts a high multivalent effect, enhancing the viral trapping efficiency of NMs. Interestingly, HNMs that show an intrinsic antiviral activity can further enhance their antiviral efficacy via surface functionalization.
T580 93689-93867 Sentence denotes Some antiviral HNMs are good photosensitizers (e.g., CuONPs) or exert photothermal activity (e.g., carbon NMs), thus their antiviral activity can be trigged by light stimulation.
T581 93868-94004 Sentence denotes More importantly, most of the settled strategies target common viral entry mechanisms and can be adopted to fight a wide viral spectrum.
T582 94005-94090 Sentence denotes HNMs have been also applied as antiviral agents by their interaction with host cells.
T583 94091-94223 Sentence denotes HNMs are able to block viral replication machinery in host cells (e.g., CNTs and fullerenes), inhibiting endogenous enzyme activity.
T584 94224-94383 Sentence denotes Additionally, HNMs can be explored for the delivery of antiviral molecules, showing a better antiviral activity and reducing side effects in vitro and in vivo.
T585 94384-94517 Sentence denotes Some HNMs can also regulate the ROS homeostasis of host cells, reduce apoptosis, and enhance host cell survival during the infection.
T586 94518-94573 Sentence denotes Finally, we have reviewed the role of HNMs on immunity.
T587 94574-94695 Sentence denotes In particular, HNMs can stimulate the innate immune response, mainly inducing overexpression of interferon and cytokines.
T588 94696-94787 Sentence denotes This effect can alert sentinel cells and generally warn the immune system of the infection.
T589 94788-94885 Sentence denotes HNMs can be also used for the activation of the adaptive immune response, foreseeing vaccination.
T590 94886-95023 Sentence denotes Due to the similar size of a virus, functionalized HNMs with antiviral molecules (virus-like particles) can enhance their immunogenicity.
T591 95024-95108 Sentence denotes Certainly a huge effort should be done for translation of the research into clinics.
T592 95109-95189 Sentence denotes Indeed, HNM applications as antivirals are still in the early phase of research.
T593 95190-95256 Sentence denotes Several challenges still need to be tackled before their safe use.
T594 95257-95338 Sentence denotes At the current stage, some HNMs have been approved only for surface disinfection.
T595 95339-95507 Sentence denotes For instance, CuNPs have been used in filters for the preparation of highly efficient broad spectrum antiviral masks.50 Some HNMs have been already clinically approved.
T596 95508-95843 Sentence denotes For example, FeNPs were approved for imaging and as a drug to treat iron deficiency anemia in adult patients with chronic kidney disease, while AuNPs are in clinical trials for the treatment of prostate cancer (photothermal therapy).154,155 However, at the moment no clinical trials are running for the use of HNMs as antiviral agents.
T597 95844-95935 Sentence denotes In fact, there are still several concerns on the applications of HNMs in drug formulations.
T598 95936-96074 Sentence denotes Compared to molecules, where mainly concentration and exposure routes are concerned, solving HNM toxicity issues is much more complicated.
T599 96075-96203 Sentence denotes Composition, size, shape, and surface functionalization must be considered to respond to the requirement for safety regulations.
T600 96204-96287 Sentence denotes Additionally, interaction on HNMs with the immune system must be better elucidated.
T601 96288-96763 Sentence denotes In particular, the activation of the immune system and complement activation-related pseudoallergy must be taken into account.156 For instance, ferumoxytol (a FeNP-based drug) has been reported to generate severe anaphylactic reactions in humans, 18 of which were fatal.156 This is due to the possible interaction of HNMs with mast cells, provoking their degranulation/activation and release of histamine even at the first exposure (pseudoallergic-mediated hypersensitivity).
T602 96764-97101 Sentence denotes Besides, the mechanism of activation of these cells is still unknown, although it was found that it depends on the HNM composition, size, and surface chemistry and on the corona formation.156 On the other hand, it has been demonstrated that HNMs can travel to the draining lymph nodes, targeting resident dendritic cells and macrophages.
T603 97102-97496 Sentence denotes Therefore, they are able to interact with antigen presenting cells to stimulate innate and adaptive immune responses.156 We believe that a joint venture of different chemists, materials scientists, virologists, toxicologists, and medical doctors can push forward the preparation and safe application of HNMs in this field, hoping to prevent and eventually block the rise of new viral pandemics.

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T1 1982-1988 Phenotype denotes cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002664
T2 14332-14341 Phenotype denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012115
T3 17353-17368 Phenotype denotes drug resistance http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0020174
T4 26097-26105 Phenotype denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002014
T5 29633-29642 Phenotype denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012115
T6 30697-30706 Phenotype denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012115
T7 31459-31464 Phenotype denotes warts http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0200043
T8 44571-44583 Phenotype denotes encephalitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002383
T9 46852-46858 Phenotype denotes cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002664
T10 47922-47927 Phenotype denotes shock http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031273
T11 50391-50396 Phenotype denotes fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945
T12 51899-51908 Phenotype denotes papilloma http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012740
T13 54869-54877 Phenotype denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002014
T14 56967-56976 Phenotype denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012115
T15 57138-57147 Phenotype denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012115
T16 59246-59261 Phenotype denotes drug resistance http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0020174
T17 63285-63294 Phenotype denotes Hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012115
T18 67093-67102 Phenotype denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012115
T19 68381-68397 Phenotype denotes oxidative stress http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0025464
T20 68467-68483 Phenotype denotes oxidative stress http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0025464
T21 72749-72754 Phenotype denotes edema http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000969
T22 73362-73378 Phenotype denotes oxidative stress http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0025464
T23 74242-74258 Phenotype denotes oxidative stress http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0025464
T24 84165-84171 Phenotype denotes cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002664
T25 84654-84663 Phenotype denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012115
T26 85625-85634 Phenotype denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012115
T27 90725-90734 Phenotype denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012115
T28 95576-95598 Phenotype denotes iron deficiency anemia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001891
T29 95622-95644 Phenotype denotes chronic kidney disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012622
T30 95702-95717 Phenotype denotes prostate cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012125
T31 96745-96761 Phenotype denotes hypersensitivity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0041092

2_test

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
32667191-27015417-153265 5882-5884 27015417 denotes 10
32667191-24979044-153266 10055-10057 24979044 denotes 12
32667191-23980510-153267 10947-10949 23980510 denotes 13
32667191-24979044-153268 11519-11521 24979044 denotes 12
32667191-23980510-153269 11852-11854 23980510 denotes 13
32667191-24754250-153270 12328-12330 24754250 denotes 14
32667191-23886562-153271 12860-12862 23886562 denotes 15
32667191-21945220-153272 13022-13024 21945220 denotes 21
32667191-18505176-153273 13130-13132 18505176 denotes 16
32667191-24979044-153274 13211-13213 24979044 denotes 12
32667191-23980510-153275 13302-13304 23980510 denotes 13
32667191-28040515-153276 13608-13610 28040515 denotes 24
32667191-24524838-153277 13722-13724 24524838 denotes 18
32667191-23886562-153278 14265-14267 23886562 denotes 15
32667191-18505176-153279 14377-14379 18505176 denotes 16
32667191-18505176-153280 15364-15366 18505176 denotes 16
32667191-24524838-153281 16027-16029 24524838 denotes 18
32667191-24406050-153282 16547-16549 24406050 denotes 25
32667191-24682984-153283 16945-16947 24682984 denotes 27
32667191-25117537-153284 17923-17925 25117537 denotes 28
32667191-27588566-153285 18379-18381 27588566 denotes 34
32667191-31582052-153286 18594-18596 31582052 denotes 29
32667191-25117537-153287 19146-19148 25117537 denotes 28
32667191-31582052-153288 19710-19712 31582052 denotes 29
32667191-24058438-153289 20287-20289 24058438 denotes 31
32667191-26781043-153290 20780-20782 26781043 denotes 33
32667191-26781043-153291 21133-21135 26781043 denotes 33
32667191-27588566-153292 21288-21290 27588566 denotes 34
32667191-15028666-153293 22959-22961 15028666 denotes 38
32667191-15028666-153294 23559-23561 15028666 denotes 38
32667191-26875938-153295 23646-23648 26875938 denotes 44
32667191-10966468-153296 25692-25694 10966468 denotes 41
32667191-26875938-153297 26605-26607 26875938 denotes 44
32667191-26875938-153298 27133-27135 26875938 denotes 44
32667191-21104827-153299 27253-27255 21104827 denotes 45
32667191-18473457-153300 28477-28479 18473457 denotes 46
32667191-28390972-153301 28834-28836 28390972 denotes 47
32667191-31099550-153302 28902-28904 31099550 denotes 48
32667191-17259354-153303 29597-29599 17259354 denotes 49
32667191-18592130-153304 29600-29602 18592130 denotes 51
32667191-15288958-153305 29623-29625 15288958 denotes 52
32667191-3021808-153306 29626-29628 3021808 denotes 54
32667191-8074518-153307 29651-29653 8074518 denotes 55
32667191-22227118-153308 29786-29788 22227118 denotes 56
32667191-22227118-153309 29955-29957 22227118 denotes 56
32667191-22227118-153310 30214-30216 22227118 denotes 56
32667191-22156433-153311 30251-30253 22156433 denotes 57
32667191-22227118-153312 30484-30486 22227118 denotes 56
32667191-26116793-153313 30709-30711 26116793 denotes 58
32667191-31271792-153314 31046-31048 31271792 denotes 59
32667191-26116793-153315 31301-31303 26116793 denotes 58
32667191-17768472-153316 31465-31467 17768472 denotes 60
32667191-17442091-153317 31468-31470 17442091 denotes 61
32667191-23047013-153318 31604-31606 23047013 denotes 62
32667191-23047013-153319 31846-31848 23047013 denotes 62
32667191-22156433-153320 32536-32538 22156433 denotes 57
32667191-28363838-153321 34185-34187 28363838 denotes 64
32667191-23281578-153322 35016-35018 23281578 denotes 66
32667191-22568899-153323 35019-35021 22568899 denotes 67
32667191-23281578-153324 35448-35450 23281578 denotes 66
32667191-24678063-153325 36616-36618 24678063 denotes 68
32667191-23281578-153326 37291-37293 23281578 denotes 66
32667191-27055288-153327 37532-37534 27055288 denotes 69
32667191-31469952-153328 37689-37691 31469952 denotes 70
32667191-32264418-153329 38007-38009 32264418 denotes 72
32667191-27055288-153330 38539-38541 27055288 denotes 69
32667191-23281578-153331 38764-38766 23281578 denotes 66
32667191-24678063-153332 38767-38769 24678063 denotes 68
32667191-31469952-153333 39043-39045 31469952 denotes 70
32667191-17150970-153334 39175-39177 17150970 denotes 71
32667191-32264418-153335 40176-40178 32264418 denotes 72
32667191-32285293-153336 42247-42249 32285293 denotes 73
32667191-30739009-153337 44706-44708 30739009 denotes 76
32667191-30739009-153338 44993-44995 30739009 denotes 76
32667191-28364126-153339 45248-45250 28364126 denotes 77
32667191-24180242-153340 45952-45954 24180242 denotes 78
32667191-28722038-153341 47231-47232 28722038 denotes 5
32667191-24364493-153342 50199-50201 24364493 denotes 84
32667191-31433428-153343 50599-50601 31433428 denotes 87
32667191-20394070-153344 52385-52387 20394070 denotes 89
32667191-29251725-153345 53101-53103 29251725 denotes 90
32667191-32064341-153346 53687-53689 32064341 denotes 91
32667191-25494677-153347 54014-54016 25494677 denotes 92
32667191-28917841-153348 54569-54571 28917841 denotes 93
32667191-26370151-153349 54940-54942 26370151 denotes 94
32667191-29251725-153350 55379-55381 29251725 denotes 90
32667191-28917841-153351 55453-55455 28917841 denotes 93
32667191-26370151-153352 55546-55548 26370151 denotes 94
32667191-29251725-153353 55766-55768 29251725 denotes 90
32667191-26370151-153354 55993-55995 26370151 denotes 94
32667191-24524838-153355 58971-58973 24524838 denotes 18
32667191-24524838-153356 59109-59111 24524838 denotes 18
32667191-14642323-153357 61049-61051 14642323 denotes 99
32667191-14643341-153358 61491-61494 14643341 denotes 100
32667191-15978810-153359 61606-61609 15978810 denotes 101
32667191-15686922-153360 62370-62373 15686922 denotes 102
32667191-17700846-153361 62455-62458 17700846 denotes 103
32667191-27431232-153362 62810-62813 27431232 denotes 104
32667191-31543960-153363 62931-62934 31543960 denotes 105
32667191-20661480-153364 63207-63210 20661480 denotes 106
32667191-15686922-153365 63321-63324 15686922 denotes 102
32667191-25796971-153366 66141-66144 25796971 denotes 112
32667191-25796971-153367 66284-66287 25796971 denotes 112
32667191-25796971-153368 68044-68047 25796971 denotes 112
32667191-8891667-153369 68426-68429 8891667 denotes 115
32667191-8891667-153370 68595-68598 8891667 denotes 115
32667191-16703568-153371 68873-68876 16703568 denotes 116
32667191-30346253-153372 69555-69558 30346253 denotes 117
32667191-31500628-153373 69559-69562 31500628 denotes 118
32667191-30346253-153374 70760-70763 30346253 denotes 117
32667191-31500628-153375 70764-70767 31500628 denotes 118
32667191-26302909-153376 72209-72212 26302909 denotes 120
32667191-32402576-153377 73513-73516 32402576 denotes 124
32667191-25428874-153378 75943-75946 25428874 denotes 125
32667191-25428874-153379 76113-76116 25428874 denotes 125
32667191-28958187-153380 77204-77207 28958187 denotes 126
32667191-29357226-153381 78092-78095 29357226 denotes 128
32667191-27381068-153382 78933-78936 27381068 denotes 131
32667191-27381068-153383 79221-79224 27381068 denotes 131
32667191-22755034-153384 79935-79938 22755034 denotes 134
32667191-32402576-153385 81123-81126 32402576 denotes 124
32667191-30633361-153386 81758-81761 30633361 denotes 135
32667191-30633361-153387 82116-82119 30633361 denotes 135
32667191-30633361-153388 82612-82615 30633361 denotes 135
32667191-30949169-153389 82686-82689 30949169 denotes 136
32667191-27183601-153390 82690-82693 27183601 denotes 137
32667191-30949169-153391 83343-83346 30949169 denotes 136
32667191-27183601-153392 83347-83350 27183601 denotes 137
32667191-27183601-153393 83812-83815 27183601 denotes 137
32667191-21897967-153394 84060-84063 21897967 denotes 138
32667191-25238620-153395 84187-84190 25238620 denotes 140
32667191-23963730-153396 84416-84419 23963730 denotes 141
32667191-23963730-153397 84645-84649 23963730 denotes 1141
32667191-11697222-153398 84965-84968 11697222 denotes 144
32667191-23963730-153399 85282-85285 23963730 denotes 141
32667191-27844462-153400 85979-85982 27844462 denotes 145
32667191-23963730-153401 86929-86932 23963730 denotes 141
32667191-30402771-153402 87280-87283 30402771 denotes 146
32667191-20400818-153403 87918-87921 20400818 denotes 148
32667191-28161578-153404 89141-89144 28161578 denotes 149
32667191-31692019-153405 89926-89929 31692019 denotes 150
32667191-31692019-153406 90204-90207 31692019 denotes 150
32667191-27593489-153407 90639-90642 27593489 denotes 151
32667191-31007088-153408 90845-90848 31007088 denotes 152
32667191-30594660-153409 91457-91460 30594660 denotes 153
32667191-30594660-153410 91778-91781 30594660 denotes 153
32667191-20592763-153411 95456-95458 20592763 denotes 50
32667191-29234213-153412 95741-95744 29234213 denotes 154
32667191-31451630-153413 95745-95748 31451630 denotes 155
32667191-32117324-153414 96414-96417 32117324 denotes 156
32667191-32117324-153415 96558-96561 32117324 denotes 156
32667191-32117324-153416 96952-96955 32117324 denotes 156
32667191-32117324-153417 97219-97222 32117324 denotes 156