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PMC:7376974 JSONTXT

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LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T1 99991-99995 Body_part denotes body http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma256135
T2 100055-100060 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T89005 617-620 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T96517 946-951 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T3 2472-2475 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T4 4139-4144 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T5 4318-4326 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T6 4519-4524 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T7 5021-5026 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T8 5047-5060 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T9 5276-5281 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T10 5371-5376 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T11 5506-5510 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T12 6052-6055 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T13 6633-6640 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T14 6663-6667 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T15 7272-7277 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T16 7356-7368 Body_part denotes cell surface http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67653
T17 7356-7360 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T18 7467-7472 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T19 7598-7606 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T20 7674-7682 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T21 7711-7718 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T22 7744-7756 Body_part denotes cell surface http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67653
T23 7744-7748 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T24 7832-7840 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T25 8149-8154 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T26 8187-8199 Body_part denotes cell surface http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67653
T27 8187-8191 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T28 9546-9550 Body_part denotes body http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma256135
T29 10225-10230 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T30 10273-10277 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T31 10343-10348 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T32 10394-10401 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T33 10456-10469 Body_part denotes cell membrane http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63841
T34 10456-10460 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T35 10601-10609 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T36 10621-10629 Body_part denotes cysteine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82751
T37 10634-10644 Body_part denotes methionine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82759
T38 10826-10838 Body_part denotes glycoprotein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T39 10864-10869 Body_part denotes lipid http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67264
T40 10882-10885 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T41 10962-10967 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T42 11091-11094 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T43 11158-11161 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T44 11642-11644 Body_part denotes Ag http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma61898
T45 11938-11951 Body_part denotes glycoproteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T46 12071-12076 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T47 12791-12796 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T48 12847-12852 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T49 12898-12903 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T50 13178-13183 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T51 13249-13254 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T52 13462-13470 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T53 13496-13510 Body_part denotes cell membranes http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63841
T54 13496-13500 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T55 13620-13626 Body_part denotes genome http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84116
T56 14002-14005 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T57 14065-14068 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T58 14239-14246 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T59 14341-14344 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T60 14504-14507 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T61 14585-14588 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T62 14791-14796 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T63 14869-14873 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T64 15097-15102 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T65 15180-15187 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T66 15204-15216 Body_part denotes glycoprotein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T67 15620-15628 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T68 15690-15695 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T69 15715-15718 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T70 15822-15825 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T71 16158-16161 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T72 16330-16338 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T73 17151-17155 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T74 17269-17277 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T75 17290-17303 Body_part denotes glycoproteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T76 17380-17382 Body_part denotes Ag http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma61898
T77 17429-17437 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T78 18359-18362 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T79 18550-18553 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T80 18716-18725 Body_part denotes G-protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma61788
T81 19131-19136 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T82 19224-19232 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T83 19237-19243 Body_part denotes sugars http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82737
T84 19266-19279 Body_part denotes glycoproteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T85 19336-19348 Body_part denotes glycoprotein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T86 19414-19419 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T87 19558-19561 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T88 19685-19692 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T89 19724-19733 Body_part denotes G-protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma61788
T90 20118-20132 Body_part denotes polysaccharide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82746
T91 20154-20158 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T92 20210-20224 Body_part denotes polysaccharide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82746
T93 20373-20377 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T94 20908-20921 Body_part denotes glycoproteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T95 21300-21305 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T96 21335-21340 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T97 21428-21441 Body_part denotes glycoproteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T98 21446-21461 Body_part denotes heparan sulfate http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63023
T99 21463-21465 Body_part denotes HS http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63023
T100 21470-21482 Body_part denotes cell surface http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67653
T101 21470-21474 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T102 21559-21561 Body_part denotes Ag http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma61898
T103 21596-21598 Body_part denotes HS http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63023
T104 21678-21683 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T105 22187-22192 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T106 22531-22547 Body_part denotes surface of cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67653
T107 22542-22547 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T108 22778-22780 Body_part denotes Ag http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma61898
T109 22788-22790 Body_part denotes Ag http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma61898
T110 22801-22803 Body_part denotes Ag http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma61898
T111 23215-23222 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T112 24383-24388 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T113 24546-24551 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T114 24648-24660 Body_part denotes glycoprotein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T115 24744-24749 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T116 24841-24848 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T117 24957-24965 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T118 25793-25801 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T119 25886-25891 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T120 26821-26834 Body_part denotes cell surfaces http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67653
T121 26821-26825 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T122 26952-26965 Body_part denotes cell surfaces http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67653
T123 26952-26956 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T124 27143-27150 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T125 28087-28090 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T126 29970-29973 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T127 30087-30090 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T128 30807-30815 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T129 31883-31888 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T130 32389-32394 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T131 32565-32570 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T132 32625-32630 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63083
T133 33143-33155 Body_part denotes cell surface http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67653
T134 33143-33147 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T135 33177-33179 Body_part denotes HS http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63023
T136 33314-33322 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T137 35180-35185 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T138 35412-35415 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T139 35676-35681 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T140 35753-35758 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T141 35982-35988 Body_part denotes tissue http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9637
T142 36143-36148 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T143 36150-36157 Body_part denotes Mannose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T144 36264-36269 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T145 36367-36374 Body_part denotes mannose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T146 36384-36398 Body_part denotes dendritic cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma273565
T147 36394-36398 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T148 36408-36412 Body_part denotes ICAM http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67857
T149 36426-36434 Body_part denotes integrin http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67222
T150 36507-36512 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T151 36553-36560 Body_part denotes mannose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T152 36794-36801 Body_part denotes mannose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T153 37268-37275 Body_part denotes mannose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T154 37461-37466 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T155 37468-37478 Body_part denotes lymphocyte http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62863
T156 37498-37503 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T157 37693-37700 Body_part denotes mannose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T158 37743-37750 Body_part denotes mannose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T159 37861-37868 Body_part denotes mannose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T160 38342-38349 Body_part denotes mannose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T161 38368-38373 Body_part denotes sugar http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82737
T162 38413-38420 Body_part denotes mannose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T163 38500-38507 Body_part denotes mannose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T164 38581-38588 Body_part denotes Mannose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T165 38643-38650 Body_part denotes mannose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T166 38706-38713 Body_part denotes mannose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T167 38741-38755 Body_part denotes monosaccharide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82741
T168 38808-38822 Body_part denotes monosaccharide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82741
T169 38889-38903 Body_part denotes monosaccharide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82741
T170 38976-38990 Body_part denotes monosaccharide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82741
T171 39054-39068 Body_part denotes monosaccharide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82741
T172 39120-39132 Body_part denotes disaccharide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82744
T173 39226-39238 Body_part denotes disaccharide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82744
T174 39328-39340 Body_part denotes disaccharide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82744
T175 39437-39451 Body_part denotes monosaccharide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82741
T176 39534-39548 Body_part denotes monosaccharide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82741
T177 40027-40035 Body_part denotes mannoses http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T178 40292-40305 Body_part denotes carbohydrates http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82737
T179 40427-40440 Body_part denotes carbohydrates http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82737
T180 40559-40571 Body_part denotes disaccharide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82744
T181 41104-41117 Body_part denotes disaccharides http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82744
T182 41143-41155 Body_part denotes disaccharide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82744
T183 41266-41278 Body_part denotes disaccharide http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82744
T184 41463-41468 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T185 42007-42015 Body_part denotes mannoses http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T186 42042-42054 Body_part denotes carbohydrate http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82737
T187 42158-42166 Body_part denotes mannoses http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T188 42185-42193 Body_part denotes mannoses http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T189 42572-42577 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T190 42722-42729 Body_part denotes mannose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T191 43068-43073 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T192 43301-43306 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T193 43367-43372 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T194 43424-43428 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T195 43694-43698 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T196 44351-44354 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T197 45803-45807 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T198 47265-47268 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T199 47553-47556 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T200 47703-47707 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T201 47760-47764 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T202 48058-48063 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T203 48169-48174 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T204 48709-48715 Body_part denotes tissue http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9637
T205 48872-48877 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T206 49059-49067 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T207 49744-49751 Body_part denotes tissues http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9637
T208 50997-51009 Body_part denotes cell surface http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67653
T209 50997-51001 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T210 51298-51300 Body_part denotes HS http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63023
T211 51486-51488 Body_part denotes HS http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63023
T212 51606-51614 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T213 52304-52308 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T214 52569-52576 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T215 52589-52594 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670
T216 53110-53115 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T217 53144-53152 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T218 53225-53253 Body_part denotes heparan sulfate proteoglycan http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82834
T219 53255-53259 Body_part denotes HSPG http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82834
T220 53344-53348 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T221 53378-53381 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T222 53540-53544 Body_part denotes HSPG http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82834
T223 53594-53598 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T224 53767-53769 Body_part denotes HS http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63023
T225 53859-53863 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T226 53867-53871 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T227 54159-54163 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T228 54648-54652 Body_part denotes HSPG http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82834
T229 55439-55446 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T230 55447-55454 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T231 55671-55679 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T232 55903-55910 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T233 55998-56005 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T234 56283-56287 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T235 57698-57713 Body_part denotes heparan sulfate http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63023
T236 57797-57802 Body_part denotes Cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T237 57876-57880 Body_part denotes body http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma256135
T238 57958-57962 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T239 58151-58156 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T240 58459-58462 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T241 58476-58479 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T242 58514-58517 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T243 58544-58547 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T244 58619-58622 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T245 59333-59338 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T246 59390-59394 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T247 59585-59589 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T248 59752-59756 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T249 60109-60113 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T250 60197-60202 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T251 60256-60260 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T252 60362-60370 Body_part denotes testicle http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7210
T253 60371-60376 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T254 60528-60532 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T255 61017-61022 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T256 61212-61214 Body_part denotes Ag http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma61898
T257 61359-61363 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T258 61588-61596 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T259 61629-61633 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T260 61645-61648 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T261 61793-61806 Body_part denotes cell membrane http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63841
T262 61793-61797 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T263 61833-61842 Body_part denotes cytoplasm http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66835
T264 62171-62174 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T265 62251-62254 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T266 62322-62325 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T267 62336-62339 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T268 62409-62412 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T269 62448-62456 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T270 62477-62480 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T271 62586-62589 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T272 62835-62838 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T273 62975-62978 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T274 63079-63082 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T275 63089-63092 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T276 63371-63381 Body_part denotes amino acid http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82739
T277 63494-63497 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T278 63612-63622 Body_part denotes amino acid http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82739
T279 63692-63695 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T280 63719-63722 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T281 63803-63806 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T282 63989-63993 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T283 64052-64055 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T284 64062-64065 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T285 64116-64119 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T286 64552-64559 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T287 64645-64648 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T288 64700-64703 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T289 64735-64745 Body_part denotes amino acid http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82739
T290 64794-64797 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T291 65366-65369 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T292 65560-65574 Body_part denotes cell membranes http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63841
T293 65560-65564 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T294 65644-65648 Body_part denotes gene http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402
T295 65841-65844 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T296 66082-66087 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T297 66183-66188 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T298 66521-66524 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T299 66682-66686 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T300 66880-66883 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T301 67222-67225 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T302 67599-67606 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T303 68355-68358 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T304 68473-68478 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T305 68562-68567 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T306 68627-68630 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T307 68676-68680 Body_part denotes mRNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67122
T308 68984-68989 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T309 69268-69272 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T310 69615-69620 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T311 69647-69650 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T312 69655-69658 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T313 69766-69770 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T314 69941-69944 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T315 69991-69996 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T316 70063-70067 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T317 70071-70075 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T318 70327-70332 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T319 70558-70563 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T320 70695-70712 Body_part denotes cell compartments http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma223408
T321 70695-70699 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T322 70700-70712 Body_part denotes compartments http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma76577
T323 70925-70933 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T324 71708-71725 Body_part denotes cell compartments http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma223408
T325 71708-71712 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T326 71713-71725 Body_part denotes compartments http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma76577
T327 71789-71793 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T328 71912-71917 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T329 72182-72185 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T330 72834-72839 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T331 72917-72921 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T332 73050-73054 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T333 73250-73255 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T334 74191-74199 Body_part denotes alveolar http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma264783
T335 74587-74591 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T336 75113-75126 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T337 75374-75387 Body_part denotes Immune System http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T338 75510-75523 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T339 75566-75573 Body_part denotes tissues http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9637
T340 75579-75583 Body_part denotes body http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma256135
T341 75860-75869 Body_part denotes cytokines http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050
T342 75878-75882 Body_part denotes IL-1 http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86583
T343 75960-75964 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T344 76130-76134 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T345 76258-76267 Body_part denotes cytokines http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050
T346 76282-76295 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T347 76430-76435 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T348 76533-76538 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T349 76890-76903 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T350 76976-76989 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T351 77059-77067 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T352 77131-77146 Body_part denotes dendritic cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma273565
T353 77141-77146 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T354 77150-77155 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T355 77175-77180 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T356 77434-77439 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T357 77532-77537 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T358 77575-77584 Body_part denotes cytokines http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050
T359 77771-77784 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T360 78164-78168 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T361 78316-78321 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T362 78637-78640 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T363 78844-78853 Body_part denotes cytokines http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050
T364 78896-78907 Body_part denotes neutrophils http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62860
T365 79211-79215 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T366 79216-79232 Body_part denotes epithelial cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66768
T367 79227-79232 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T368 79276-79280 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T369 79281-79297 Body_part denotes epithelial cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66768
T370 79292-79297 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T371 79463-79468 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T372 79839-79852 Body_part denotes cell membrane http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63841
T373 79839-79843 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T374 79908-79913 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T375 79994-79999 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T376 80626-80635 Body_part denotes cytokines http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050
T377 80830-80834 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T378 81239-81248 Body_part denotes cytokines http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050
T379 81259-81279 Body_part denotes alveolar macrophages http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma83023
T380 81420-81431 Body_part denotes amino acids http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82739
T381 81522-81533 Body_part denotes macrophages http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63261
T382 81598-81602 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T383 81637-81645 Body_part denotes cytokine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050
T384 81809-81822 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T385 82038-82043 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T386 82158-82163 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T387 82671-82684 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T388 82705-82713 Body_part denotes cytokine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050
T389 82727-82731 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195
T390 82953-82966 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T391 83065-83078 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T392 83100-83111 Body_part denotes lymphocytes http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62863
T393 83150-83155 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T394 83643-83651 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T395 83772-83780 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T396 83825-83838 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T397 84169-84182 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T398 84339-84346 Body_part denotes tissues http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9637
T399 84372-84379 Body_part denotes neurons http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma54527
T400 84507-84511 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T401 84560-84565 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T402 84736-84740 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T403 85456-85469 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T404 86138-86141 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T405 86200-86207 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T406 86298-86301 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T407 86399-86402 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T408 86558-86561 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T409 86608-86613 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T410 86645-86648 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T411 86721-86724 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T412 86738-86741 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T413 86753-86760 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T414 86832-86838 Body_part denotes kidney http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7203
T415 86839-86844 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T416 87003-87007 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T417 87160-87167 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T418 87528-87532 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T419 87566-87574 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T420 87591-87596 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T421 87904-87907 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T422 87920-87923 Body_part denotes DNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74412
T423 88642-88650 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T424 89030-89043 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T425 89146-89150 Body_part denotes foot http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9664
T426 89155-89160 Body_part denotes mouth http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma49184
T427 89339-89352 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T428 89823-89836 Body_part denotes glycoproteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925
T429 90131-90138 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T430 90379-90386 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T431 90892-90900 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T432 90917-90923 Body_part denotes cell’s http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T433 90924-90933 Body_part denotes endosomal http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67180
T434 91139-91152 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T435 91392-91400 Body_part denotes proteins http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T436 91468-91475 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T437 91692-91700 Body_part denotes antibody http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62871
T438 92194-92201 Body_part denotes mannose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82801
T439 92682-92695 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T440 92749-92753 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T441 92757-92761 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T442 93129-93133 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T443 93137-93141 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T444 93423-93426 Body_part denotes HIV http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma278683
T445 94671-94683 Body_part denotes cell surface http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67653
T446 94671-94675 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T447 95581-95586 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T448 95647-95652 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T449 95937-95942 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T450 95979-95983 Body_part denotes cell http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T451 96182-96191 Body_part denotes cytokines http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma84050
T452 96224-96229 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T453 96253-96266 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T454 97127-97133 Body_part denotes kidney http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7203
T455 97199-97207 Body_part denotes prostate http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9600
T456 97744-97757 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T457 97822-97835 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825
T458 98112-98122 Body_part denotes mast cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66784
T459 98117-98122 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T460 98180-98189 Body_part denotes histamine http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma61806
T461 98307-98312 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T462 98466-98470 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712
T463 98534-98545 Body_part denotes lymph nodes http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma5034
T464 98534-98539 Body_part denotes lymph http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9671
T465 98566-98581 Body_part denotes dendritic cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma273565
T466 98576-98581 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T467 98586-98597 Body_part denotes macrophages http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63261
T468 98641-98665 Body_part denotes antigen presenting cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma273565
T469 98660-98665 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T470 98738-98743 Body_part denotes joint http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7490

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T1 5047-5060 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T2 32625-32630 Body_part denotes serum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001977
T3 35982-35988 Body_part denotes tissue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000479
T4 43424-43428 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T5 43694-43698 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T6 48709-48715 Body_part denotes tissue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000479
T7 52589-52594 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178
T8 56283-56287 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T9 57206-57211 Body_part denotes Scale http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002542
T10 57433-57438 Body_part denotes Scale http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002542
T11 57958-57962 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T12 59102-59108 Body_part denotes organs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000062
T13 69766-69770 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T14 74587-74591 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T15 75113-75126 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T16 75374-75387 Body_part denotes Immune System http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T17 75510-75523 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T18 76282-76295 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T19 76890-76903 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T20 76976-76989 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T21 77771-77784 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T22 79211-79215 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T23 79276-79280 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T24 81809-81822 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T25 82671-82684 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T26 82727-82731 Body_part denotes lung http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048
T27 82953-82966 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T28 83065-83078 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T29 83825-83838 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T30 84169-84182 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T31 85198-85202 Body_part denotes tail http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002415
T32 85456-85469 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T33 86832-86838 Body_part denotes kidney http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113
T34 89030-89043 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T35 89146-89150 Body_part denotes foot http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002387
T36 89155-89160 Body_part denotes mouth http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000165
T37 89339-89352 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T38 91139-91152 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T39 92682-92695 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T40 96253-96266 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T41 97127-97133 Body_part denotes kidney http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113
T42 97744-97757 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T43 97822-97835 Body_part denotes immune system http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405
T44 98466-98470 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398
T45 98534-98545 Body_part denotes lymph nodes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000029
T46 98534-98539 Body_part denotes lymph http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002391

LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
8 60-70 Species denotes SARS-Cov-2 Tax:2697049
9 512-522 Species denotes SARS-Cov-2 Tax:2697049
10 607-611 Species denotes H3N3 Tax:215851
11 647-652 Species denotes Ebola Tax:1570291
12 184-193 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
13 638-642 Disease denotes MERS MESH:D018352
14 830-846 Disease denotes viral infections MESH:D001102
15 848-872 Disease denotes HNMs can block infection MESH:D007239
26 1529-1539 Species denotes SARS-Cov-2 Tax:2697049
27 1989-1999 Species denotes SARS-Cov-2 Tax:2697049
28 2236-2242 Species denotes people Tax:9606
29 2455-2459 Species denotes H3N3 Tax:215851
30 2556-2561 Species denotes Ebola Tax:1570291
31 3022-3028 Species denotes people Tax:9606
32 1807-1816 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
33 2335-2340 Disease denotes death MESH:D003643
34 2533-2537 Disease denotes MERS MESH:D018352
35 3013-3021 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
38 3479-3485 Disease denotes cancer MESH:D009369
39 3557-3573 Disease denotes viral infections MESH:D001102
43 4216-4228 Chemical denotes metal oxides
44 4059-4074 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
45 4125-4133 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
50 6067-6084 Species denotes influenza viruses Tax:11308
51 5620-5632 Chemical denotes nanovaccines
52 5105-5114 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
53 5872-5880 Disease denotes toxicity MESH:D064420
57 7002-7008 Species denotes humans Tax:9606
58 6864-6874 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
59 7777-7784 Disease denotes rupture MESH:D012421
63 8304-8310 Chemical denotes silver MESH:D012834
64 8424-8433 Chemical denotes disulfide MESH:D004220
65 8658-8666 Disease denotes toxicity MESH:D064420
68 9301-9306 Chemical denotes metal MESH:D008670
69 9784-9790 Chemical denotes silver MESH:D012834
95 10820-10825 Gene denotes gp120 Gene:3700
96 10932-10944 Gene denotes CD4 receptor Gene:920
97 10882-10887 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
98 11158-11163 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
99 12488-12520 Species denotes Peste des petits ruminants virus Tax:31604
100 13115-13129 Species denotes Vaccinia virus Tax:10245
101 12522-12526 Species denotes PPRV Tax:31604
102 12697-12701 Species denotes PPRV Tax:31604
103 12834-12838 Species denotes PPRV Tax:31604
104 12958-12962 Species denotes PPRV Tax:31604
105 10621-10629 Chemical denotes cysteine MESH:D003545
106 10634-10644 Chemical denotes methionine MESH:D008715
107 10793-10799 Chemical denotes sulfur MESH:D013455
108 11068-11072 Chemical denotes AgNP
109 11215-11220 Chemical denotes AgNPs
110 11269-11275 Chemical denotes silver MESH:D012834
111 11328-11347 Chemical denotes silver sulfadiazine MESH:D012837
112 11349-11353 Chemical denotes AgSD
113 11359-11373 Chemical denotes silver nitrate MESH:D012835
114 11395-11407 Chemical denotes silver salts
115 11429-11434 Chemical denotes salts MESH:D012492
116 11510-11516 Chemical denotes silver MESH:D012834
117 12798-12803 Chemical denotes AgNPs
118 10012-10026 Disease denotes viral diseases MESH:D001102
119 10989-11004 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
141 14053-14058 Gene denotes gp120 Gene:3700
142 14115-14120 Gene denotes gp120 Gene:3700
143 14002-14007 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
144 14065-14070 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
145 14127-14132 Species denotes HSV-1 Tax:10298
146 14134-14139 Species denotes HSV-2 Tax:10310
147 14145-14151 Species denotes HPIV-3 Tax:11216
148 14253-14270 Species denotes Adenovirus type 3 Tax:45659
149 14361-14365 Species denotes H1N1 Tax:114727
150 14366-14383 Species denotes influenza A virus Tax:11320
151 14712-14726 Species denotes Vaccinia virus Tax:10245
152 14803-14819 Species denotes Monkey pox virus Tax:10244
153 14904-14918 Species denotes Tacaribe virus Tax:11631
154 14997-15007 Species denotes Poliovirus Tax:138950
155 15109-15113 Species denotes TGEV Tax:11149
156 15167-15171 Species denotes TGEV Tax:11149
157 15197-15201 Species denotes TGEV Tax:11149
158 14428-14439 Species denotes respiratory Tax:12814
159 14631-14635 Species denotes PPRV Tax:31604
160 14821-14824 Species denotes MPV Tax:10244
161 14920-14924 Species denotes TCRV Tax:11631
165 15530-15533 Gene denotes Ad3 Gene:5663
166 15829-15846 Species denotes hepatitis B virus Tax:10407
167 15752-15761 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
173 16339-16344 Gene denotes gp120 Gene:3700
174 15925-15931 Chemical denotes silver MESH:D012834
175 16097-16109 Chemical denotes polyurethane MESH:D011140
176 16229-16235 Chemical denotes silver MESH:D012834
177 16386-16392 Chemical denotes silver MESH:D012834
191 16979-16990 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
192 17089-17100 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
193 17132-17136 Species denotes TGEV Tax:11149
194 17170-17174 Species denotes TGEV Tax:11149
195 17256-17260 Species denotes TGEV Tax:11149
196 17285-17289 Species denotes TGEV Tax:11149
197 17441-17445 Species denotes TGEV Tax:11149
198 17101-17114 Species denotes transmissible Tax:11149
199 17015-17021 Chemical denotes silver MESH:D012834
200 17370-17375 Chemical denotes AgNPs
201 17115-17130 Disease denotes gastroenteritis MESH:D005759
202 17146-17165 Disease denotes host cell infection MESH:D007239
203 17333-17348 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
222 18031-18036 Species denotes human Tax:9606
223 18359-18364 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
224 18390-18395 Species denotes HSV-2 Tax:10310
225 18402-18429 Species denotes respiratory syncytial virus Tax:12814
226 18550-18555 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
227 19083-19088 Species denotes HSV-2 Tax:10310
228 19178-19183 Species denotes HSV-2 Tax:10310
229 18431-18434 Species denotes RSV Tax:12814
230 18569-18572 Species denotes RSV Tax:12814
231 17733-17739 Chemical denotes Silver MESH:D012834
232 18219-18246 Chemical denotes Poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)
233 18248-18251 Chemical denotes PVP
234 18467-18473 Chemical denotes carbon MESH:D002244
235 18906-18917 Chemical denotes Tannic acid MESH:D013634
236 19237-19243 Chemical denotes sugars MESH:D000073893
237 19245-19256 Chemical denotes tannic acid MESH:D013634
238 18966-18981 Disease denotes HSV-2 infection MESH:C536395
239 19008-19023 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
254 19626-19631 Gene denotes gp120 Gene:3700
255 19842-19855 Gene denotes neuraminidase Gene:4758
256 20504-20507 Gene denotes AKT Gene:207
257 20512-20515 Gene denotes p53 Gene:7157
258 19558-19563 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
259 19761-19765 Species denotes H1N1 Tax:114727
260 19766-19781 Species denotes influenza virus Tax:11308
261 20279-20284 Species denotes HSV-1 Tax:10298
262 20384-20398 Species denotes Enterovirus 71 Tax:39054
263 20400-20404 Species denotes EV71 Tax:39054
264 20522-20527 Species denotes HSV-2 Tax:10310
265 19638-19641 Species denotes RSV Tax:12814
266 20095-20098 Species denotes MPV Tax:10244
267 20189-20193 Species denotes TCRV Tax:11631
271 20719-20724 Chemical denotes AgNPs
272 20740-20769 Chemical denotes polyphosphonium-oligochitosan
273 20771-20776 Chemical denotes PQPOC
284 21344-21371 Species denotes herpes simplex virus type 1 Tax:10298
285 21373-21378 Species denotes HSV-1 Tax:10298
286 21446-21461 Chemical denotes heparan sulfate MESH:D006497
287 21463-21465 Chemical denotes HS MESH:D006497
288 21534-21557 Chemical denotes mercaptoethanesulfonate MESH:D015080
289 21559-21565 Chemical denotes Ag-MES
290 21596-21598 Chemical denotes HS MESH:D006497
291 21611-21620 Chemical denotes sulfonate MESH:D000476
292 21250-21265 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
293 21322-21331 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
301 21780-21783 Species denotes RSV Tax:12814
302 22061-22064 Species denotes RSV Tax:12814
303 21722-21730 Chemical denotes curcumin MESH:D003474
304 21887-21895 Chemical denotes Curcumin MESH:D003474
305 21955-21963 Chemical denotes curcumin MESH:D003474
306 22231-22239 Chemical denotes curcumin MESH:D003474
307 22113-22122 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
310 22395-22398 Species denotes RSV Tax:12814
311 22399-22408 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
316 22738-22749 Chemical denotes oseltamivir MESH:D053139
317 22751-22761 Chemical denotes amantadine MESH:D000547
318 22767-22776 Chemical denotes zanamivir MESH:D053243
319 22804-22807 Chemical denotes ZNV
326 23411-23417 Chemical denotes silver MESH:D012834
327 23494-23499 Chemical denotes AgNPs
328 23806-23810 Chemical denotes AgNP
329 24001-24005 Chemical denotes AgNP
330 23632-23644 Disease denotes cytotoxicity MESH:D064420
331 23686-23698 Disease denotes cytotoxicity MESH:D064420
341 25110-25114 Species denotes H1N1 Tax:114727
342 25093-25102 Species denotes influenza Tax:11320
343 25404-25413 Species denotes influenza Tax:11320
344 24599-24601 Chemical denotes Au MESH:D006046
345 24625-24634 Chemical denotes disulfide MESH:D004220
346 25268-25273 Chemical denotes metal MESH:D008670
347 24363-24371 Disease denotes toxicity MESH:D064420
348 25046-25055 Disease denotes mortality MESH:D003643
349 25414-25425 Disease denotes A infection MESH:D007239
356 25702-25719 Species denotes influenza A virus Tax:11320
357 25721-25724 Species denotes IAV Tax:11320
358 25781-25784 Species denotes IAV Tax:11320
359 25739-25750 Chemical denotes porous AuNP
360 25752-25757 Chemical denotes PoGNP
361 25820-25829 Chemical denotes disulfide MESH:D004220
378 27581-27608 Species denotes bovine viral diarrhea virus Tax:11099
379 29010-29025 Species denotes influenza virus Tax:11308
380 27264-27273 Species denotes influenza Tax:11320
381 26066-26070 Chemical denotes AuNP
382 26482-26493 Chemical denotes gallic acid MESH:D005707
383 27045-27055 Chemical denotes sulfonates MESH:D000476
384 27218-27228 Chemical denotes sulfonates MESH:D000476
385 27318-27331 Chemical denotes succinic acid MESH:D019802
386 27522-27527 Chemical denotes Thiol MESH:D013438
387 28011-28030 Chemical denotes Sulfonated dendrons
388 28047-28052 Chemical denotes AuNPs
389 28059-28066 Chemical denotes sulfide MESH:D013440
390 28260-28268 Chemical denotes dendrons MESH:D050091
391 28519-28528 Chemical denotes sulfonate MESH:D000476
392 28934-28941 Chemical denotes dendron MESH:C501244
393 26560-26575 Disease denotes virus infection MESH:D001102
395 30428-30451 Chemical denotes Reactive Oxygen Species MESH:D017382
421 31078-31093 Species denotes influenza virus Tax:11308
422 31693-31711 Species denotes feline calicivirus Tax:11978
423 31718-31722 Species denotes H1N1 Tax:114727
424 31732-31747 Species denotes influenza virus Tax:11308
425 32466-32471 Species denotes HSV-1 Tax:10298
426 30668-30673 Chemical denotes metal MESH:D008670
427 30689-30691 Chemical denotes Cu MESH:D003300
428 30695-30697 Chemical denotes Fe MESH:D007501
429 30892-30898 Chemical denotes copper MESH:D003300
430 30918-30926 Chemical denotes sulfates MESH:D013431
431 30930-30942 Chemical denotes iodide salts MESH:D007454
432 31204-31207 Chemical denotes Cu+ MESH:D003300
433 31265-31282 Chemical denotes hydroxyl radicals MESH:D017665
434 31306-31312 Chemical denotes copper MESH:D003300
435 31448-31451 Chemical denotes Cu+ MESH:D003300
436 31474-31477 Chemical denotes Cu+ MESH:D003300
437 31495-31501 Chemical denotes copper MESH:D003300
438 31771-31777 Chemical denotes copper MESH:D003300
439 31830-31853 Chemical denotes reactive oxygen species MESH:D017382
440 31855-31858 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
441 32011-32024 Chemical denotes cupric oxides MESH:C030973
442 32122-32135 Chemical denotes cuprous oxide MESH:C000520
443 30846-30861 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
444 31910-31918 Disease denotes toxicity MESH:D064420
445 32362-32377 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
452 32636-32644 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
453 32669-32673 Chemical denotes DAPI MESH:C007293
454 32689-32702 Chemical denotes Cuprous oxide MESH:C000520
455 32584-32593 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
456 32735-32750 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
457 32556-32564 CellLine denotes Huh7.5.1 CVCL:E049
471 33046-33051 Species denotes HSV-2 Tax:10310
472 34010-34014 Species denotes H1N1 Tax:114727
473 34056-34066 Species denotes SARS-Cov-2 Tax:2697049
474 34024-34033 Species denotes influenza Tax:11320
475 32847-32857 Chemical denotes zinc salts
476 32983-32986 Chemical denotes ZnO MESH:D015034
477 33503-33506 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
478 33524-33530 Chemical denotes copper MESH:D003300
479 33596-33602 Chemical denotes copper MESH:D003300
480 33661-33664 Chemical denotes Cu+ MESH:D003300
481 33873-33876 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
482 33973-33985 Chemical denotes copper oxide
483 33512-33520 Disease denotes toxicity MESH:D064420
485 34128-34134 Chemical denotes Carbon MESH:D002244
499 34217-34223 Chemical denotes carbon MESH:D002244
500 34386-34392 Chemical denotes carbon MESH:D002244
501 34437-34446 Chemical denotes Fullerene MESH:D037741
502 34488-34494 Chemical denotes carbon MESH:D002244
503 34581-34590 Chemical denotes fullerene MESH:D037741
504 34652-34657 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
505 34753-34762 Chemical denotes fullerene MESH:D037741
506 34813-34822 Chemical denotes fullerene MESH:D037741
507 35018-35024 Chemical denotes carbon MESH:D002244
508 35066-35077 Chemical denotes carbon dots
509 35079-35082 Chemical denotes CDs
510 35088-35102 Chemical denotes graphene oxide MESH:C000628730
511 35104-35106 Chemical denotes GO MESH:C000628730
513 35188-35203 Chemical denotes Glycofullerenes
530 36446-36453 Gene denotes DC-sign Gene:30835
531 36436-36443 Gene denotes DC-sign Gene:30835
532 35241-35246 Species denotes Ebola Tax:1570291
533 36671-36676 Species denotes Ebola Tax:1570291
534 35616-35623 Chemical denotes glycans MESH:D011134
535 35899-35909 Chemical denotes Fullerenes MESH:D037741
536 36002-36011 Chemical denotes Fullerene MESH:D037741
537 36150-36157 Chemical denotes Mannose MESH:D008358
538 36367-36374 Chemical denotes mannose MESH:D008358
539 36553-36560 Chemical denotes mannose MESH:D008358
540 36579-36588 Chemical denotes fullerene MESH:D037741
541 36620-36635 Chemical denotes glycofullerenes
542 35220-35226 Disease denotes mortal MESH:D003643
543 35457-35466 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
544 35792-35801 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
545 35864-35879 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
568 37481-37484 Gene denotes CD4 Gene:920
569 37516-37523 Gene denotes DC-sign Gene:30835
570 37612-37617 Species denotes Ebola Tax:1570291
571 36735-36750 Chemical denotes glycofullerenes
572 36794-36801 Chemical denotes mannose MESH:D008358
573 36852-36861 Chemical denotes fullerene MESH:D037741
574 37056-37058 Chemical denotes Cu MESH:D003300
575 37072-37077 Chemical denotes azide MESH:D001386
576 37078-37084 Chemical denotes alkyne MESH:D000480
577 37268-37275 Chemical denotes mannose MESH:D008358
578 37299-37311 Chemical denotes glycodendron
579 37334-37342 Chemical denotes malonate MESH:C030290
580 37346-37372 Chemical denotes trialkynyl pentaerythritol
581 37693-37710 Chemical denotes mannose fullerene
582 37743-37760 Chemical denotes mannose fullerene
583 37782-37785 Chemical denotes PEG MESH:D011092
584 37794-37808 Chemical denotes ethylene oxide MESH:D005027
585 37861-37879 Chemical denotes mannose fullerenes
586 37902-37905 Chemical denotes PEG MESH:D011092
587 37914-37928 Chemical denotes ethylene oxide MESH:D005027
588 37593-37608 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
589 37454-37460 CellLine denotes Jurkat CVCL:0065
598 38189-38204 Chemical denotes glycofullerenes
599 38232-38247 Chemical denotes glycofullerenes
600 38311-38333 Chemical denotes monodisperse fullerene
601 38342-38349 Chemical denotes mannose MESH:D008358
602 38413-38420 Chemical denotes mannose MESH:D008358
603 38481-38491 Chemical denotes fullerenes MESH:D037741
604 38500-38507 Chemical denotes mannose MESH:D008358
605 38272-38287 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
620 38771-38776 Species denotes Ebola Tax:1570291
621 38856-38861 Species denotes Ebola Tax:1570291
622 38937-38942 Species denotes Ebola Tax:1570291
623 39007-39012 Species denotes Ebola Tax:1570291
624 39085-39090 Species denotes Ebola Tax:1570291
625 39484-39489 Species denotes Ebola Tax:1570291
626 39582-39587 Species denotes Ebola Tax:1570291
627 39240-39266 Chemical denotes trialkynyl pentaerythritol
628 39308-39340 Chemical denotes trideca-fullerenes disaccharide
629 39342-39368 Chemical denotes trialkynyl pentaerythritol
630 39420-39451 Chemical denotes glycofullerenes monosaccharide
631 39453-39479 Chemical denotes trialkynyl pentaerythritol
632 39517-39548 Chemical denotes glycofullerenes monosaccharide
633 39550-39576 Chemical denotes trialkynyl pentaerythritol
636 38550-38560 Chemical denotes Fullerenes MESH:D037741
637 38581-38588 Chemical denotes Mannose MESH:D008358
639 39629-39632 Gene denotes C60
642 39690-39693 Gene denotes C60
643 39710-39720 Chemical denotes fullerenes MESH:D037741
669 40239-40250 Species denotes Ebola virus Tax:1570291
670 40635-40642 Gene denotes DC-sign Gene:30835
671 39775-39784 Chemical denotes fullerene MESH:D037741
672 39905-39915 Chemical denotes fullerenes MESH:D037741
673 39994-40011 Chemical denotes tridecafullerenes
674 40292-40305 Chemical denotes carbohydrates MESH:D002241
675 40343-40369 Chemical denotes trialkynyl pentaerythritol
676 40401-40417 Chemical denotes tridecafullerene
677 40427-40440 Chemical denotes carbohydrates MESH:D002241
678 40492-40512 Chemical denotes C60 tridecafullerene
679 40521-40539 Chemical denotes α(1,2)mannobioside
680 40559-40571 Chemical denotes disaccharide MESH:D004187
681 40740-40746 Chemical denotes copper MESH:D003300
682 40769-40775 Chemical denotes azides MESH:D001386
683 40779-40786 Chemical denotes alkynes MESH:D000480
684 40788-40793 Chemical denotes SPAAC
685 40824-40833 Chemical denotes fullerene MESH:D037741
686 40853-40863 Chemical denotes fullerenes MESH:D037741
687 40935-40941 Chemical denotes copper MESH:D003300
688 41104-41117 Chemical denotes disaccharides MESH:D004187
689 41118-41135 Chemical denotes tridecafullerenes
690 41143-41169 Chemical denotes disaccharide monofullerene
691 41266-41293 Chemical denotes disaccharide glycofullerene
692 41369-41384 Chemical denotes glycofullerenes
693 41445-41453 Disease denotes toxicity MESH:D064420
699 42099-42110 Species denotes Ebola virus Tax:1570291
700 41581-41609 Chemical denotes monodisperse glycofullerenes
701 41836-41851 Chemical denotes glycofullerenes
702 42042-42054 Chemical denotes carbohydrate MESH:D002241
703 42293-42308 Chemical denotes glycofullerenes
714 43699-43703 Gene denotes ACE2 Gene:59272
715 43588-43598 Species denotes SARS-Cov-2 Tax:2697049
716 43688-43693 Species denotes human Tax:9606
717 42463-42473 Chemical denotes fullerenes MESH:D037741
718 42647-42657 Chemical denotes fullerenes MESH:D037741
719 42722-42729 Chemical denotes mannose MESH:D008358
720 42827-42842 Chemical denotes glycofullerenes
721 43014-43029 Chemical denotes glycofullerenes
722 43321-43336 Chemical denotes glycofullerenes
723 43470-43485 Chemical denotes glycofullerenes
725 43754-43760 Chemical denotes Carbon MESH:D002244
754 46059-46086 Species denotes Japanese encephalitis virus Tax:11072
755 46088-46100 Species denotes Dengue virus Tax:12637
756 46106-46116 Species denotes Zika virus Tax:64320
757 46151-46169 Species denotes porcine parvovirus Tax:10796
758 46174-46184 Species denotes adenovirus Tax:10508
759 43785-43795 Chemical denotes fullerenes MESH:D037741
760 43803-43809 Chemical denotes carbon MESH:D002244
761 43892-43895 Chemical denotes CDs
762 43934-43940 Chemical denotes carbon MESH:D002244
763 43979-43982 Chemical denotes CDs
764 44004-44010 Chemical denotes carbon MESH:D002244
765 44088-44094 Chemical denotes carbon MESH:D002244
766 44140-44143 Chemical denotes CDs
767 44299-44302 Chemical denotes CDs
768 44752-44754 Chemical denotes CD
769 44847-44849 Chemical denotes CD
770 45143-45146 Chemical denotes CDs
771 45545-45550 Chemical denotes amide MESH:D000577
772 45583-45586 Chemical denotes CDs
773 45595-45605 Chemical denotes carboxylic
774 45770-45773 Chemical denotes CDs
775 45835-45846 Chemical denotes benzoxazine MESH:D048588
776 45854-45859 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
777 45911-45913 Chemical denotes CD
778 45977-45980 Chemical denotes CDs
779 46327-46330 Chemical denotes CDs
780 44219-44227 Disease denotes toxicity MESH:D064420
781 44351-44364 Disease denotes HIV infection MESH:D015658
784 46380-46391 Chemical denotes benzoxazine MESH:D048588
785 46407-46410 Chemical denotes CDs
813 47386-47391 Gene denotes gp120 Gene:3700
814 46587-46592 Species denotes human Tax:9606
815 46545-46548 Chemical denotes CDs
816 46619-46622 Chemical denotes CDs
817 46648-46683 Chemical denotes 2,2′-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) MESH:C492592
818 46685-46688 Chemical denotes EDA MESH:C492592
819 46694-46713 Chemical denotes 3-ethoxypropylamine
820 46715-46718 Chemical denotes EPA
821 46724-46729 Chemical denotes amide MESH:D000577
822 46804-46807 Chemical denotes EPA
823 46823-46826 Chemical denotes CDs
824 46922-46925 Chemical denotes CDs
825 46950-46956 Chemical denotes amines MESH:D000588
826 47060-47066 Chemical denotes CD-EDA
827 47079-47085 Chemical denotes CD-EPA
828 47137-47149 Chemical denotes boronic acid MESH:D001897
829 47151-47153 Chemical denotes BA MESH:D001897
830 47201-47215 Chemical denotes boronic esters
831 47493-47495 Chemical denotes CD
832 47516-47534 Chemical denotes phenylboronic acid MESH:C010686
833 47659-47662 Chemical denotes CDs
834 47738-47741 Chemical denotes CDs
835 47993-47996 Chemical denotes CDs
836 46856-46871 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
837 47439-47448 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
838 47553-47566 Disease denotes HIV infection MESH:D015658
839 48160-48168 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
844 48244-48247 Chemical denotes CDs
845 48518-48521 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
846 48349-48355 Disease denotes cancer MESH:D009369
847 48407-48423 Disease denotes viral infections MESH:D001102
855 50040-50043 Gene denotes MS2 Gene:100271694
856 49820-49837 Species denotes bacteriophage MS2 Tax:12022
857 48552-48560 Chemical denotes Graphene MESH:D006108
858 49242-49244 Chemical denotes GO MESH:C000628730
859 49873-49875 Chemical denotes GO MESH:C000628730
860 48807-48822 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
861 49419-49424 Disease denotes shock MESH:D012769
878 50677-50690 Species denotes duck reovirus Tax:1171667
879 50783-50788 Species denotes HSV-1 Tax:10298
880 51022-51027 Species denotes HSV-1 Tax:10298
881 51379-51399 Species denotes human papillomavirus Tax:10566
882 51401-51413 Species denotes Dengue virus Tax:12637
883 51850-51868 Species denotes pseudorabies virus Tax:10345
884 51874-51899 Species denotes African swine fever virus Tax:10497
885 50618-50620 Chemical denotes GO MESH:C000628730
886 50626-50635 Chemical denotes hypericin MESH:C004965
887 50869-50876 Chemical denotes sulfate MESH:D013431
888 50888-50898 Chemical denotes iron oxide MESH:C000499
889 50963-50970 Chemical denotes sulfate MESH:D013431
890 51437-51444 Chemical denotes sulfate MESH:D013431
891 51460-51468 Chemical denotes graphene MESH:D006108
892 51716-51723 Chemical denotes sulfate MESH:D013431
893 51762-51782 Chemical denotes polyglycerol sulfate
905 51915-51923 Chemical denotes Graphene MESH:D006108
906 51966-51978 Chemical denotes Polysulfates
907 51983-51995 Chemical denotes fatty amines
908 52014-52022 Chemical denotes graphene MESH:D006108
909 52035-52043 Chemical denotes triazine MESH:D014227
910 52244-52252 Chemical denotes graphene MESH:D006108
911 52340-52348 Chemical denotes graphene MESH:D006108
912 52654-52662 Chemical denotes sulfonic
913 52685-52699 Chemical denotes diazonium salt
914 52832-52845 Chemical denotes boronic acids MESH:D001897
915 52875-52882 Chemical denotes epoxide MESH:D004852
954 53225-53253 Gene denotes heparan sulfate proteoglycan Gene:960
955 53255-53259 Gene denotes HSPG Gene:960
956 54648-54652 Gene denotes HSPG Gene:6383
957 53540-53544 Gene denotes HSPG Gene:6383
958 53378-53383 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
959 53390-53411 Species denotes human papilloma virus Tax:10566
960 54812-54816 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
961 55884-55889 Species denotes Ebola Tax:1570291
962 56043-56054 Species denotes Ebola virus Tax:1570291
963 56165-56170 Species denotes Ebola Tax:1570291
964 56326-56344 Species denotes Pseudorabies virus Tax:10345
965 56349-56380 Species denotes Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus Tax:28295
966 56382-56386 Species denotes PEDV Tax:28295
967 53413-53416 Species denotes HPV Tax:10566
968 54716-54719 Species denotes HPV Tax:10566
969 54725-54728 Species denotes RSV Tax:12814
970 54831-54834 Species denotes RSV Tax:12814
971 53713-53736 Chemical denotes mercaptoethanesulfonate MESH:D015080
972 53738-53741 Chemical denotes MES MESH:D015080
973 53784-53790 Chemical denotes Au-MES
974 54266-54294 Chemical denotes mercapto-1-undecanesulfonate
975 54430-54436 Chemical denotes Au-MES
976 55060-55073 Chemical denotes cyclodextrins MESH:D003505
977 55088-55116 Chemical denotes mercapto-1-undecanesulfonate
978 55275-55283 Chemical denotes graphene MESH:D006108
979 55287-55289 Chemical denotes GO MESH:C000628730
980 55328-55336 Chemical denotes graphene MESH:D006108
981 55389-55397 Chemical denotes graphene MESH:D006108
982 55571-55579 Chemical denotes graphene MESH:D006108
983 55624-55632 Chemical denotes graphene MESH:D006108
984 55825-55833 Chemical denotes graphene MESH:D006108
985 56097-56105 Chemical denotes graphene MESH:D006108
986 56289-56291 Chemical denotes GO MESH:C000628730
987 53038-53053 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
988 54817-54825 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
989 54908-54917 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
990 54991-55007 Disease denotes viral infections MESH:D001102
991 55316-55324 Disease denotes toxicity MESH:D064420
995 56944-56949 Species denotes Ebola Tax:1570291
996 56887-56895 Chemical denotes Graphene MESH:D006108
997 57010-57012 Chemical denotes GO MESH:C000628730
1000 57116-57121 Species denotes HSV-2 Tax:10310
1001 57325-57343 Species denotes Pseudorabies virus Tax:10345
1005 57673-57683 Chemical denotes sulfonates MESH:D000476
1006 57698-57713 Chemical denotes heparan sulfate MESH:D006497
1007 57741-57761 Disease denotes SARS-Cov-2 infection MESH:C000657245
1017 58576-58585 Species denotes influenza Tax:11320
1018 58624-58633 Species denotes influenza Tax:11320
1019 59300-59303 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
1020 59464-59467 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
1021 57969-57979 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
1022 58464-58473 Disease denotes hepatitis MESH:D056486
1023 58635-58644 Disease denotes hepatitis MESH:D056486
1024 58844-58853 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1025 59319-59327 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
1028 59697-59700 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
1029 59730-59739 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1036 60356-60361 Species denotes swine Tax:9823
1037 60435-60439 Species denotes TGEV Tax:11149
1038 60330-60334 Species denotes TGEV Tax:11149
1039 60136-60145 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1040 60207-60215 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
1041 60440-60449 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1054 60925-60938 Gene denotes neuraminidase Gene:4758
1055 61091-61100 Gene denotes caspase-3 Gene:836
1056 60973-60977 Species denotes H1N1 Tax:114727
1057 60978-60993 Species denotes influenza virus Tax:11308
1058 61296-61300 Species denotes EV71 Tax:39054
1059 61406-61410 Species denotes EV71 Tax:39054
1060 61137-61140 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
1061 61153-61158 Chemical denotes AgNPs
1062 61173-61189 Chemical denotes polyethylenimine MESH:D011094
1063 61191-61194 Chemical denotes PEI MESH:D011094
1064 61301-61316 Disease denotes virus infection MESH:D001102
1065 61645-61660 Disease denotes HIV-1 infection MESH:D015658
1093 62975-62980 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
1094 63079-63084 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
1095 63089-63094 Species denotes HIV-2 Tax:11709
1096 64052-64057 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
1097 64062-64067 Species denotes HIV-2 Tax:11709
1098 61706-61716 Chemical denotes fullerenes MESH:D037741
1099 61948-61958 Chemical denotes Fullerenes MESH:D037741
1100 61971-61976 Chemical denotes water MESH:D014867
1101 62077-62081 Chemical denotes DMSO MESH:D004121
1102 62095-62105 Chemical denotes fullerenes MESH:D037741
1103 62820-62830 Chemical denotes fullerenes MESH:D037741
1104 62911-62930 Chemical denotes pyrrolidinium salts
1105 63027-63035 Chemical denotes ammonium MESH:D064751
1106 63193-63202 Chemical denotes fullerene MESH:D037741
1107 63434-63451 Chemical denotes aminobutyric acid MESH:D000613
1108 63456-63473 Chemical denotes aminocaproic acid MESH:D015119
1109 63588-63607 Chemical denotes pyrrolidinium salts
1110 63638-63647 Chemical denotes fullerene MESH:D037741
1111 63728-63737 Chemical denotes Fullerene MESH:D037741
1112 63765-63775 Chemical denotes nevirapine MESH:D019829
1113 63897-63920 Chemical denotes carboxylated fullerenes
1114 62171-62184 Disease denotes HIV infection MESH:D015658
1115 62409-62419 Disease denotes HIV virion MESH:D015658
1116 63719-63725 Disease denotes HIV-RT MESH:C563738
1117 63803-63809 Disease denotes HIV-RT MESH:C563738
1118 64010-64018 Disease denotes toxicity MESH:D064420
1119 63985-63988 CellLine denotes CEM CVCL:0207
1122 64218-64227 Chemical denotes fullerene MESH:D037741
1123 64394-64403 Chemical denotes fullerene MESH:D037741
1126 64459-64468 Chemical denotes fullerene MESH:D037741
1127 64532-64541 Chemical denotes fullerene MESH:D037741
1137 65092-65107 Species denotes influenza virus Tax:11308
1138 65118-65122 Species denotes H1N1 Tax:114727
1139 65124-65128 Species denotes H3N2 Tax:119210
1140 64919-64942 Chemical denotes benzo-1,2,4-thiadiazine
1141 65035-65056 Chemical denotes poly(carboxylic acid)
1142 65174-65181 Chemical denotes Tamiflu MESH:D053139
1143 65183-65194 Chemical denotes rimantadine MESH:D012299
1144 65196-65205 Chemical denotes ribavirin MESH:D012254
1145 65211-65221 Chemical denotes amantadine MESH:D000547
1162 66918-66923 Species denotes HSV-1 Tax:10298
1163 67426-67436 Species denotes grass carp Tax:7959
1164 67473-67492 Species denotes grass carp reovirus Tax:128987
1165 65576-65582 Chemical denotes carbon MESH:D002244
1166 66330-66376 Chemical denotes 2-amino-3-nitro-1-(3,5-dimethylbenzyl)-aniline
1167 66378-66384 Chemical denotes CHI360
1168 66390-66447 Chemical denotes N-(2-aminophenyl-3-nitro-)-3,5-dimethylbenzenesulfonamide
1169 66449-66455 Chemical denotes CHI415
1170 66793-66805 Chemical denotes cyclodextrin MESH:D003505
1171 66836-66845 Chemical denotes acyclovir MESH:D000212
1172 66962-66971 Chemical denotes acyclovir MESH:D000212
1173 67140-67152 Chemical denotes cyclodextrin MESH:D003505
1174 67157-67160 Chemical denotes PEI MESH:D011094
1175 67200-67209 Chemical denotes cidofovir MESH:D000077404
1176 67402-67411 Chemical denotes ribavirin MESH:D012254
1177 67561-67570 Chemical denotes ribavirin MESH:D012254
1179 67733-67742 Chemical denotes ribavirin MESH:D012254
1183 67855-67864 Chemical denotes ribovirin MESH:D012254
1184 68002-68005 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
1185 67963-67971 Disease denotes toxicity MESH:D064420
1190 68107-68115 Chemical denotes Graphene MESH:D006108
1191 68249-68257 Chemical denotes Graphene MESH:D006108
1192 68485-68497 Disease denotes low toxicity MESH:D009800
1193 68580-68611 Disease denotes block the hepatitis C infection MESH:D006526
1198 68724-68730 Chemical denotes carbon MESH:D002244
1199 68963-68971 Disease denotes toxicity MESH:D064420
1200 69127-69135 Disease denotes toxicity MESH:D064420
1201 69452-69460 Disease denotes toxicity MESH:D064420
1203 69563-69586 Chemical denotes Reactive Oxygen Species MESH:D017382
1219 69655-69666 Species denotes DNA viruses Tax:2080735
1220 69713-69717 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1221 69723-69732 Species denotes influenza Tax:11320
1222 69587-69590 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
1223 69771-69782 Chemical denotes glutathione MESH:D005978
1224 69803-69812 Chemical denotes vitamin C MESH:D001205
1225 70112-70115 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
1226 70299-70302 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
1227 69606-69614 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
1228 69700-69709 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1229 69842-69857 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
1230 69941-69954 Disease denotes HIV infection MESH:D015658
1231 70165-70181 Disease denotes viral infections MESH:D001102
1232 70318-70326 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
1233 70360-70369 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1267 71138-71142 Species denotes H1N1 Tax:114727
1268 71143-71158 Species denotes influenza virus Tax:11308
1269 70458-70463 Chemical denotes metal MESH:D008670
1270 70467-70478 Chemical denotes metal oxide
1271 70684-70687 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
1272 70733-70744 Chemical denotes metal oxide
1273 70769-70779 Chemical denotes superoxide MESH:D013481
1274 70804-70820 Chemical denotes hydroxyl radical MESH:D017665
1275 70880-70890 Chemical denotes superoxide MESH:D013481
1276 71231-71234 Chemical denotes ZnO MESH:D015034
1277 71318-71327 Chemical denotes acyclovir MESH:D000212
1278 71359-71362 Chemical denotes ZnO MESH:D015034
1279 71403-71406 Chemical denotes PEG MESH:D011092
1280 71484-71488 Chemical denotes Zn2+
1281 71506-71509 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
1282 71529-71532 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
1283 71540-71550 Chemical denotes superoxide MESH:D013481
1284 71555-71572 Chemical denotes hydroxyl radicals MESH:D017665
1285 71745-71748 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
1286 72072-72075 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
1287 72473-72475 Chemical denotes Fe MESH:D007501
1288 72477-72479 Chemical denotes Cu MESH:D003300
1289 72577-72582 Chemical denotes metal MESH:D008670
1290 72613-72616 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
1291 70425-70441 Disease denotes viral infections MESH:D001102
1292 70544-70552 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
1293 70973-71004 Disease denotes efficiently block the infection MESH:D006327
1294 71281-71296 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
1295 71347-71355 Disease denotes toxicity MESH:D064420
1296 71794-71799 Disease denotes death MESH:D003643
1297 71862-71871 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1298 72162-72168 Disease denotes arrest MESH:D006323
1299 72362-72372 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
1317 73684-73696 Species denotes Dengue virus Tax:12637
1318 74046-74050 Species denotes H1N1 Tax:114727
1319 74172-74176 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1320 72808-72811 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
1321 72841-72844 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
1322 73082-73090 Chemical denotes selenium MESH:D012643
1323 73501-73514 Chemical denotes selenium salt
1324 73781-73790 Chemical denotes zanamivir MESH:D053243
1325 73795-73806 Chemical denotes oseltamivir MESH:D053139
1326 73811-73821 Chemical denotes amantadine MESH:D000547
1327 73830-73839 Chemical denotes ribavirin MESH:D012254
1328 74078-74087 Chemical denotes ribavirin MESH:D012254
1329 72881-72906 Disease denotes toxicity of the infection MESH:D007239
1330 73018-73033 Disease denotes block infection MESH:D007239
1331 73267-73276 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1332 74163-74171 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
1333 74246-74251 Disease denotes edema MESH:D004487
1341 74410-74414 Species denotes Mice Tax:10090
1342 74427-74431 Species denotes H1N1 Tax:114727
1343 74564-74568 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1344 74386-74395 Chemical denotes ribavirin MESH:D012254
1345 74512-74515 Chemical denotes H&E MESH:D006371
1346 74552-74555 Chemical denotes RBV MESH:D012254
1347 74415-74423 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
1358 74826-74836 Species denotes SARS-Cov-2 Tax:2697049
1359 75083-75091 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1360 74718-74730 Disease denotes low toxicity MESH:D009800
1361 74801-74815 Disease denotes viral diseases MESH:D001102
1362 74895-74907 Disease denotes inflammation MESH:D007249
1363 74949-74957 Disease denotes Covid-19 MESH:C000657245
1364 75000-75009 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1365 75062-75070 Disease denotes toxicity MESH:D064420
1366 75074-75082 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
1367 75273-75281 Disease denotes toxicity MESH:D064420
1376 75878-75883 Gene denotes IL-1β Gene:3552
1377 75900-75905 Gene denotes NLRP3 Gene:114548
1378 75431-75436 Species denotes human Tax:9606
1379 76160-76163 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
1380 75767-75776 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1381 76204-76213 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1382 76309-76318 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1383 76676-76691 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
1385 76997-77006 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1411 78541-78561 Gene denotes Toll-like receptor 7 Gene:51284
1412 78829-78834 Gene denotes TNF-α Gene:21926
1413 78839-78843 Gene denotes IL-6 Gene:16193
1414 78747-78751 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1415 78927-78932 Species denotes mouse Tax:10090
1416 79161-79165 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1417 79709-79760 Species denotes Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Tax:28344
1418 79762-79767 Species denotes PRRSV Tax:28344
1419 78734-78737 Species denotes RSV Tax:12814
1420 78880-78883 Species denotes RSV Tax:12814
1421 78992-78995 Species denotes RSV Tax:12814
1422 78765-78770 Chemical denotes AgNPs
1423 79633-79641 Chemical denotes graphene MESH:D006108
1424 79773-79781 Chemical denotes GO-AgNPs
1425 77330-77339 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1426 77425-77433 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
1427 77597-77609 Disease denotes inflammation MESH:D007249
1428 77727-77736 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1429 77930-77939 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1430 78099-78108 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1431 78738-78746 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
1432 79152-79160 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
1433 79192-79207 Disease denotes virus infection MESH:D001102
1434 79267-79275 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
1435 79454-79462 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
1445 80251-80256 Species denotes PRRSV Tax:28344
1446 81026-81035 Species denotes zebrafish Tax:7955
1447 80243-80246 Species denotes RSV Tax:12814
1448 80418-80421 Species denotes RSV Tax:12814
1449 80519-80522 Species denotes RSV Tax:12814
1450 80213-80216 Chemical denotes CDs
1451 80882-80894 Chemical denotes isoprinosine MESH:D007542
1452 80670-80679 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1453 80695-80717 Disease denotes pulmonary inflammation MESH:D011014
1461 81490-81495 Gene denotes TNF-α Gene:7124
1462 81646-81651 Gene denotes TNF-α Gene:7124
1463 81252-81258 Species denotes bovine Tax:9913
1464 81164-81174 Chemical denotes Fullerenes MESH:D037741
1465 81668-81677 Chemical denotes fullerene MESH:D037741
1466 81603-81611 Disease denotes toxicity MESH:D064420
1467 81512-81521 CellLine denotes RAW 264.7 CVCL:0493
1479 82234-82244 Species denotes SARS-Cov-2 Tax:2697049
1480 82264-82274 Chemical denotes fullerenes MESH:D037741
1481 82752-82755 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
1482 81940-81949 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1483 82127-82139 Disease denotes inflammation MESH:D007249
1484 82330-82339 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1485 82411-82423 Disease denotes inflammation MESH:D007249
1486 82489-82498 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1487 82610-82619 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1488 82727-82744 Disease denotes lung inflammation MESH:D011014
1489 82794-82803 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1501 84301-84306 Species denotes HSV-2 Tax:10310
1502 84397-84401 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1503 84465-84470 Species denotes HSV-2 Tax:10310
1504 84631-84636 Species denotes HSV-2 Tax:10310
1505 83955-83967 Chemical denotes nanovaccines
1506 84815-84827 Chemical denotes nanovaccines
1507 83038-83054 Disease denotes viral infections MESH:D001102
1508 83188-83198 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
1509 83317-83327 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
1510 84388-84393 Disease denotes death MESH:D003643
1511 84658-84667 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1518 84983-84987 Species denotes Mice Tax:10090
1519 85024-85029 Species denotes HSV-2 Tax:10310
1520 85098-85102 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1521 84902-84928 Chemical denotes ZnO tetrapod nanoparticles
1522 85050-85055 Chemical denotes ZOTEN
1523 85087-85096 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1548 87608-87612 Gene denotes CD40 Gene:958
1549 87613-87617 Gene denotes IL-4 Gene:3565
1550 86558-86563 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
1551 86738-86743 Species denotes HIV-1 Tax:11676
1552 86816-86821 Species denotes human Tax:9606
1553 85471-85481 Chemical denotes Fullerenes MESH:D037741
1554 85576-85585 Chemical denotes fullerene MESH:D037741
1555 85688-85710 Chemical denotes polyhydroxy fullerenes
1556 85719-85730 Chemical denotes fullerenols MESH:C108127
1557 86027-86038 Chemical denotes fullerenols MESH:C108127
1558 86466-86476 Chemical denotes Fullerenol MESH:C108127
1559 86565-86575 Chemical denotes fullerenol MESH:C108127
1560 86696-86706 Chemical denotes fullerenol MESH:C108127
1561 87026-87036 Chemical denotes fullerenol MESH:C108127
1562 87226-87237 Chemical denotes fullerenols MESH:C108127
1563 87429-87440 Chemical denotes pyrrolidine MESH:C032519
1564 87441-87450 Chemical denotes tris-acid
1565 87455-87465 Chemical denotes fullerenol MESH:C108127
1566 87484-87494 Chemical denotes fullerenol MESH:C108127
1567 85662-85668 Disease denotes cancer MESH:D009369
1568 86138-86170 Disease denotes HIV-1141 and hepatitis C viruses MESH:D006526
1569 86822-86838 Disease denotes embryonic kidney MESH:D007674
1570 86994-87002 Disease denotes memory T MESH:D008569
1571 86851-86857 CellLine denotes HEK293 CVCL:0045
1584 87908-87911 Gene denotes Env Gene:30816
1585 87994-87997 Gene denotes Env Gene:30816
1586 88069-88074 Gene denotes IFN-γ Gene:15978
1587 88045-88048 Gene denotes Env Gene:17276
1588 88131-88135 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1589 87700-87710 Chemical denotes fullerenol MESH:C108127
1590 87764-87774 Chemical denotes fullerenol MESH:C108127
1591 87821-87830 Chemical denotes fullerene MESH:D037741
1592 87866-87867 Chemical denotes C MESH:D002244
1593 87965-87975 Chemical denotes fullerenol MESH:C108127
1594 88011-88021 Chemical denotes fullerenol MESH:C108127
1595 88312-88322 Chemical denotes Fullerenol MESH:C108127
1614 89856-89869 Gene denotes neuraminidase Gene:4758
1615 88530-88541 Species denotes guinea pigs Tax:10141
1616 88601-88605 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1617 88671-88676 Species denotes swine Tax:9823
1618 88677-88712 Species denotes transmissible gastroenteritis virus Tax:11149
1619 88717-88721 Species denotes H7N9 Tax:333278
1620 89116-89120 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1621 89146-89174 Species denotes foot-and-mouth disease virus Tax:12110
1622 90100-90117 Species denotes influenza viruses Tax:11308
1623 90187-90202 Species denotes influenza virus Tax:11308
1624 90248-90265 Species denotes influenza viruses Tax:11308
1625 90457-90461 Species denotes Mice Tax:10090
1626 90586-90590 Species denotes H1N1 Tax:114727
1627 90860-90870 Species denotes SARS-Cov-2 Tax:2697049
1628 90977-90987 Species denotes SARS-Cov-2 Tax:2697049
1629 88722-88731 Species denotes influenza Tax:11320
1630 89793-89802 Species denotes influenza Tax:11320
1631 90627-90637 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
1634 91369-91377 Species denotes SARS-Cov Tax:694009
1635 91536-91540 Chemical denotes AuNP
1646 92577-92580 Gene denotes MPL Gene:4352
1647 92130-92134 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1648 92316-92320 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1649 92831-92835 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1650 92894-92898 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1651 91896-91913 Chemical denotes calcium phosphate MESH:C020243
1652 92173-92183 Chemical denotes iron oxide MESH:C000499
1653 92194-92201 Chemical denotes mannose MESH:D008358
1654 92222-92233 Disease denotes hepatitis B MESH:D006509
1655 92762-92771 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1659 93218-93222 Species denotes mice Tax:10090
1660 93231-93236 Species denotes HSV-1 Tax:10298
1661 93037-93050 Chemical denotes CpGm adjuvant
1666 93413-93417 Species denotes H1N1 Tax:114727
1667 93452-93462 Species denotes SARS-Cov-2 Tax:2697049
1668 93534-93540 Species denotes humans Tax:9606
1669 93794-93804 Species denotes SARS-Cov-2 Tax:2697049
1681 94574-94583 Chemical denotes disulfide MESH:D004220
1682 94603-94608 Chemical denotes metal MESH:D008670
1683 94649-94655 Chemical denotes CuONPs
1684 94691-94697 Chemical denotes carbon MESH:D002244
1685 94736-94741 Chemical denotes AuNPs
1686 94745-94753 Chemical denotes graphene MESH:D006108
1687 95285-95291 Chemical denotes carbon MESH:D002244
1688 95913-95916 Chemical denotes ROS MESH:D017382
1689 94467-94483 Disease denotes arrest infection MESH:D012131
1690 96004-96013 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1691 96274-96283 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1704 97105-97113 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
1705 98024-98030 Species denotes humans Tax:9606
1706 97073-97077 Chemical denotes iron MESH:D007501
1707 97929-97940 Chemical denotes ferumoxytol MESH:D052203
1708 97944-97948 Chemical denotes FeNP MESH:C056437
1709 98180-98189 Chemical denotes histamine MESH:D006632
1710 97078-97095 Disease denotes deficiency anemia MESH:D000740
1711 97119-97141 Disease denotes chronic kidney disease MESH:D051436
1712 97199-97214 Disease denotes prostate cancer MESH:D011471
1713 97526-97538 Disease denotes HNM toxicity MESH:D064420
1714 98242-98258 Disease denotes hypersensitivity MESH:D004342
1715 98955-98969 Disease denotes block the rise MESH:D006327
1717 99915-99938 Disease denotes viral infection disease MESH:D001102
1719 15746-15761 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
1722 100149-100164 Disease denotes viral infection MESH:D001102
1723 100206-100215 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
1725 100541-100547 Species denotes humans Tax:9606

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T1 60-64 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T2 184-193 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T3 512-516 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T4 612-615 Disease denotes flu http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T5 626-630 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T6 647-652 Disease denotes Ebola http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005737
T7 830-846 Disease denotes viral infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T8 863-872 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T9 1529-1533 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T10 1807-1816 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T11 1989-1993 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T12 2438-2441 Disease denotes flu http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T13 2460-2463 Disease denotes flu http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T14 2514-2518 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T15 2556-2561 Disease denotes Ebola http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005737
T16 3479-3485 Disease denotes cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004992
T17 3557-3573 Disease denotes viral infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T18 4059-4074 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T19 4065-4074 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T20 5105-5114 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T21 6057-6061 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T22 6067-6076 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T23 6864-6874 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T24 10012-10026 Disease denotes viral diseases http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T25 10989-11004 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T26 10995-11004 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T27 12488-12514 Disease denotes Peste des petits ruminants http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005908
T28 12557-12567 Disease denotes infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T29 13115-13123 Disease denotes Vaccinia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002595
T30 13280-13290 Disease denotes infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T31 14361-14375 Disease denotes H1N1 influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005460
T32 14366-14375 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T33 14712-14720 Disease denotes Vaccinia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002595
T34 14803-14813 Disease denotes Monkey pox http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002594
T35 15094-15096 Disease denotes RD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0009973
T36 15752-15761 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T37 15829-15840 Disease denotes hepatitis B http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005344
T38 15829-15838 Disease denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002251
T39 16166-16180 Disease denotes herpes simplex http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004609
T40 17115-17130 Disease denotes gastroenteritis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002269
T41 17156-17165 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T42 17333-17348 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T43 17339-17348 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T44 18366-18380 Disease denotes herpes simplex http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004609
T45 18972-18981 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T46 19008-19023 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T47 19014-19023 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T48 19761-19775 Disease denotes H1N1 influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005460
T49 19766-19775 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T50 21250-21265 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T51 21256-21265 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T52 21322-21331 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T53 21344-21358 Disease denotes herpes simplex http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004609
T54 22113-22122 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T55 22399-22408 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T56 22791-22793 Disease denotes AM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0020320
T57 25093-25102 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T58 25404-25413 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T59 25416-25425 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T60 25702-25711 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T61 26545-26559 Disease denotes herpes simplex http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004609
T62 26560-26575 Disease denotes virus infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T63 26566-26575 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T64 27264-27273 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T65 27594-27602 Disease denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001673
T66 29010-29019 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T67 30846-30861 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T68 30852-30861 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T69 31078-31087 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T70 31100-31114 Disease denotes herpes simplex http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004609
T71 31130-31141 Disease denotes hepatitis A http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005790
T72 31130-31139 Disease denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002251
T73 31732-31741 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T74 32194-32205 Disease denotes hepatitis C http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005231
T75 32194-32203 Disease denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002251
T76 32362-32377 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T77 32368-32377 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T78 32584-32593 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T79 32735-32750 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T80 32741-32750 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T81 32950-32961 Disease denotes viral warts http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001209
T82 34056-34060 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T83 35241-35246 Disease denotes Ebola http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005737
T84 35250-35254 Disease denotes Zika http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0018661
T85 35457-35466 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T86 35792-35801 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T87 35864-35879 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T88 35870-35879 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T89 36671-36676 Disease denotes Ebola http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005737
T90 36678-36684 Disease denotes Dengue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005502
T91 37593-37608 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T92 37599-37608 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T93 37612-37617 Disease denotes Ebola http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005737
T94 38272-38287 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T95 38278-38287 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T96 38771-38776 Disease denotes Ebola http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005737
T97 38856-38861 Disease denotes Ebola http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005737
T98 38937-38942 Disease denotes Ebola http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005737
T99 39007-39012 Disease denotes Ebola http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005737
T100 39085-39090 Disease denotes Ebola http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005737
T101 39166-39170 Disease denotes Zika http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0018661
T102 39190-39196 Disease denotes Dengue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005502
T103 39273-39277 Disease denotes Zika http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0018661
T104 39291-39297 Disease denotes Dengue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005502
T105 39375-39379 Disease denotes Zika http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0018661
T106 39394-39400 Disease denotes Dengue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005502
T107 39484-39489 Disease denotes Ebola http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005737
T108 39582-39587 Disease denotes Ebola http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005737
T109 40239-40244 Disease denotes Ebola http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005737
T110 41043-41049 Disease denotes Dengue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005502
T111 41054-41058 Disease denotes Zika http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0018661
T112 41231-41235 Disease denotes Zika http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0018661
T113 41240-41246 Disease denotes Dengue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005502
T114 42099-42104 Disease denotes Ebola http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005737
T115 43588-43592 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T116 44351-44364 Disease denotes HIV infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005109
T117 44355-44364 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T118 46059-46080 Disease denotes Japanese encephalitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0019209
T119 46068-46080 Disease denotes encephalitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0019956
T120 46088-46094 Disease denotes Dengue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005502
T121 46106-46110 Disease denotes Zika http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0018661
T122 46685-46688 Disease denotes EDA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016535
T123 46856-46871 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T124 46862-46871 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T125 47063-47066 Disease denotes EDA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016535
T126 47439-47448 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T127 47553-47566 Disease denotes HIV infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005109
T128 47557-47566 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T129 48349-48355 Disease denotes cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004992
T130 48407-48423 Disease denotes viral infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T131 48807-48822 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T132 48813-48822 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T133 49834-49837 Disease denotes MS2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0012956
T134 50040-50043 Disease denotes MS2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0012956
T135 51401-51407 Disease denotes Dengue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005502
T136 51850-51862 Disease denotes pseudorabies http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005932
T137 51874-51893 Disease denotes African swine fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0025377
T138 51882-51893 Disease denotes swine fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0025087
T139 52075-52089 Disease denotes herpes simplex http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004609
T140 53038-53053 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T141 53044-53053 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T142 53396-53405 Disease denotes papilloma http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002363
T143 54908-54917 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T144 54991-55007 Disease denotes viral infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T145 55884-55889 Disease denotes Ebola http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005737
T146 56043-56048 Disease denotes Ebola http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005737
T147 56165-56170 Disease denotes Ebola http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005737
T148 56326-56338 Disease denotes Pseudorabies http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005932
T149 56366-56374 Disease denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001673
T150 56944-56949 Disease denotes Ebola http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005737
T151 57325-57337 Disease denotes Pseudorabies http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005932
T152 57741-57745 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T153 57752-57761 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T154 57969-57979 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T155 58464-58473 Disease denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002251
T156 58576-58585 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T157 58624-58633 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T158 58635-58644 Disease denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002251
T159 58844-58853 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T160 59730-59739 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T161 60136-60145 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T162 60440-60449 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T163 60973-60987 Disease denotes H1N1 influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005460
T164 60978-60987 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T165 61301-61316 Disease denotes virus infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T166 61307-61316 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T167 61651-61660 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T168 62171-62184 Disease denotes HIV infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005109
T169 62175-62184 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T170 64782-64793 Disease denotes Hepatitis C http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005231
T171 64782-64791 Disease denotes Hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002251
T172 65092-65101 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T173 66679-66681 Disease denotes NM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008091|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0011603
T175 68590-68611 Disease denotes hepatitis C infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005231
T176 68590-68599 Disease denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002251
T177 68602-68611 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T178 69700-69709 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T179 69723-69732 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T180 69842-69857 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T181 69848-69857 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T182 69941-69954 Disease denotes HIV infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005109
T183 69945-69954 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T184 70165-70181 Disease denotes viral infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T185 70360-70369 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T186 70425-70441 Disease denotes viral infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T187 70995-71004 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T188 71138-71152 Disease denotes H1N1 influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005460
T189 71143-71152 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T190 71163-71177 Disease denotes Herpes simplex http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004609
T191 71281-71296 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T192 71287-71296 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T193 71862-71871 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T194 72362-72372 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T195 72897-72906 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T196 73024-73033 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T197 73267-73276 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T198 73684-73690 Disease denotes Dengue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005502
T199 74801-74815 Disease denotes viral diseases http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T200 74826-74830 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T201 74895-74907 Disease denotes inflammation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021166
T202 75000-75009 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T203 75767-75776 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T204 76204-76213 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T205 76309-76318 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T206 76676-76691 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T207 76682-76691 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T208 76997-77006 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T209 77330-77339 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T210 77597-77609 Disease denotes inflammation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021166
T211 77727-77736 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T212 77930-77939 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T213 78099-78108 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T214 79025-79027 Disease denotes NM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008091|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0011603
T216 79182-79191 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T217 79192-79207 Disease denotes virus infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T218 79198-79207 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T219 79709-79754 Disease denotes Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0025494
T220 80670-80679 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T221 80705-80717 Disease denotes inflammation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021166
T222 81940-81949 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T223 82127-82139 Disease denotes inflammation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021166
T224 82234-82238 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T225 82330-82339 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T226 82411-82423 Disease denotes inflammation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021166
T227 82489-82498 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T228 82610-82619 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T229 82732-82744 Disease denotes inflammation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021166
T230 82794-82803 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T231 82854-82858 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T232 83038-83054 Disease denotes viral infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T233 83188-83198 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T234 83317-83327 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T235 84277-84291 Disease denotes herpes simplex http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004609
T236 84658-84667 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T237 85087-85096 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T238 85662-85668 Disease denotes cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004992
T239 86151-86162 Disease denotes hepatitis C http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005231
T240 86151-86160 Disease denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002251
T241 87122-87133 Disease denotes hepatitis C http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005231
T242 87122-87131 Disease denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002251
T243 88671-88706 Disease denotes swine transmissible gastroenteritis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0025420
T244 88691-88706 Disease denotes gastroenteritis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002269
T245 88722-88731 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T246 89146-89168 Disease denotes foot-and-mouth disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005765
T247 89155-89168 Disease denotes mouth disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006858
T248 89793-89802 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T249 90100-90109 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T250 90187-90196 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T251 90248-90257 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T252 90627-90637 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T253 90860-90864 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T254 90977-90981 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T255 91369-91373 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T256 92222-92233 Disease denotes hepatitis B http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005344
T257 92222-92231 Disease denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002251
T258 92664-92666 Disease denotes NM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008091|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0011603
T260 92762-92771 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T261 93413-93421 Disease denotes H1N1 flu http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005460
T262 93418-93421 Disease denotes flu http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T263 93432-93436 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T264 93452-93456 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T265 93794-93798 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T266 94474-94483 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T267 96004-96013 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T268 96274-96283 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T269 97073-97095 Disease denotes iron deficiency anemia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001356
T270 97078-97095 Disease denotes deficiency anemia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001639
T271 97089-97095 Disease denotes anemia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002280
T272 97119-97141 Disease denotes chronic kidney disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005300
T273 97127-97141 Disease denotes kidney disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001343|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005240
T275 97199-97214 Disease denotes prostate cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008315
T276 97208-97214 Disease denotes cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004992
T277 97870-97883 Disease denotes pseudoallergy http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0044981
T278 98242-98258 Disease denotes hypersensitivity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0000605|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005271
T280 99626-99629 Disease denotes CSC http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0018616
T281 99915-99930 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T282 99921-99930 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T283 99939-99954 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T284 99945-99954 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T285 100149-100164 Disease denotes viral infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005108
T286 100155-100164 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T287 100206-100215 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 99972-99979 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T2 100055-100060 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T3 100147-100148 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T4 100315-100320 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T5 100388-100396 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100026 denotes organism
T6 100388-100396 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000468 denotes organism
T7 100541-100547 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes humans
T8 100558-100565 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T9 100579-100580 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T10 100707-100708 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T80376 80-83 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T76372 230-239 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000876 denotes extremely
T4928 397-409 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001155 denotes colonization
T54896 450-455 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T46862 543-546 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T73893 653-660 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T55150 685-686 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T82281 946-951 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T53798 1023-1033 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009985 denotes is focused
T8703 1220-1221 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T11 1270-1278 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T12 1338-1345 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T13 1449-1454 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes field
T14 1632-1639 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T15 2044-2047 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001562 denotes a 2
T16 2044-2047 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001563 denotes a 2
T17 2114-2115 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T18 2189-2190 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T19 2380-2383 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T20 2576-2583 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T21 2591-2592 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T22 2627-2639 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001155 denotes colonization
T23 2679-2684 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T24 2769-2770 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T25 3304-3307 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001000 denotes 3−5
T26 3518-3521 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T27 3609-3612 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T28 3869-3870 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T29 3888-3896 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T30 4139-4144 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T31 4282-4290 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T32 4385-4390 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T33 4478-4486 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T34 4519-4524 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T35 5004-5012 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T36 5021-5026 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T37 5047-5060 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T38 5070-5077 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009985 denotes focused
T39 5239-5244 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T40 5276-5286 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells will
T41 5371-5381 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells will
T42 5450-5458 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T43 5506-5510 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T44 5527-5537 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T45 5934-5942 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T46 6077-6084 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T47 6587-6594 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T48 6663-6667 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T49 7002-7008 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes humans
T50 7013-7020 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T51 7254-7261 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T52 7272-7277 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T53 7346-7351 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T54 7356-7360 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T55 7467-7472 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T56 7476-7481 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T57 7611-7612 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T58 7744-7748 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T59 7788-7795 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T60 7887-7894 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T61 8127-8132 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T62 8149-8154 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T63 8187-8191 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T64 8232-8237 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T65 8467-8470 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T66 8519-8526 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T67 8572-8573 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T68 8675-8683 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100026 denotes organism
T69 8675-8683 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000468 denotes organism
T70 8726-8727 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T71 8974-8975 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T72 9083-9084 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T73 9220-9222 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008192 denotes NP
T74 9952-9953 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T75 9999-10000 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T76 10196-10201 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T77 10225-10230 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T78 10247-10252 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T79 10273-10277 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T80 10309-10314 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T81 10343-10348 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T82 10442-10447 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T83 10456-10460 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T84 10461-10469 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membrane
T85 10510-10513 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T86 10563-10568 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T87 10686-10687 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T88 10713-10721 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_2 denotes bacteria
T89 10870-10878 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membrane
T90 10888-10893 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T91 10910-10915 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T92 10932-10935 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001004 denotes CD4
T93 10962-10967 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T94 11005-11007 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T95 11020-11021 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T96 11316-11324 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T97 11442-11443 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T98 11878-11885 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T99 11902-11909 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T100 12071-12076 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T101 12095-12103 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T102 12168-12169 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T103 12416-12417 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T104 12435-12443 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T105 12515-12520 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T106 12702-12710 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T107 12791-12796 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T108 12847-12852 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T109 12879-12886 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T110 12898-12903 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T111 13001-13006 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T112 13065-13072 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T113 13085-13086 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T114 13124-13129 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T115 13178-13183 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T116 13219-13224 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T117 13249-13254 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T118 13265-13270 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T119 13319-13320 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T120 13328-13333 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T121 13496-13500 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T122 13501-13510 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membranes
T123 13930-13935 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T124 13955-13961 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes active
T125 14061-14063 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T126 14285-14287 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T127 14321-14326 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T128 14376-14377 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T129 14378-14383 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T130 14683-14688 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T131 14721-14726 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T132 14791-14796 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T133 14803-14809 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9479 denotes Monkey
T134 14814-14819 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T135 14858-14863 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T136 14869-14873 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T137 14900-14902 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T138 14913-14918 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T139 14962-14967 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T140 15094-15102 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051806 denotes RD cells
T141 15094-15102 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051808 denotes RD cells
T142 15094-15102 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051894 denotes RD cells
T143 15094-15096 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008770 denotes RD
T144 15219-15221 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T145 15425-15430 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T146 15497-15498 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T147 15530-15533 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000013344 denotes Ad3
T148 15534-15539 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T149 15545-15546 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T150 15659-15664 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T151 15690-15695 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T152 15839-15840 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T153 15841-15846 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T154 15898-15901 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T155 15986-15993 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T156 16046-16049 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T157 16084-16085 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T158 16146-16154 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T159 16181-16186 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T160 16321-16329 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membrane
T161 16368-16369 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T162 16850-16860 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activities
T163 16934-16937 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T164 17151-17155 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T165 17221-17222 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T166 17524-17526 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T167 17579-17582 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T168 17985-17988 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T169 18031-18036 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T170 18345-18355 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activities
T171 18383-18388 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T172 18424-18429 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T173 18534-18542 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T174 18556-18561 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T175 18562-18564 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T176 18596-18597 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T177 18657-18658 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T178 18691-18692 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T179 19131-19136 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T180 19298-19305 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T181 19373-19380 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T182 19414-19419 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T183 19499-19504 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T184 19634-19636 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T185 19697-19700 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001360 denotes 412
T186 19741-19746 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T187 19776-19781 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T188 19830-19838 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T189 19876-19878 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001302 denotes 34
T190 19893-19895 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001000 denotes 35
T191 19909-19911 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001313 denotes 36
T192 20143-20148 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T193 20154-20158 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T194 20185-20187 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T195 20242-20247 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T196 20360-20365 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T197 20373-20377 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T198 20396-20398 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054055 denotes 71
T199 20490-20500 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T200 20600-20605 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T201 20687-20688 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T202 20820-20828 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T203 21005-21010 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T204 21065-21070 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T205 21201-21206 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T206 21300-21305 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T207 21335-21340 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T208 21359-21364 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T209 21470-21474 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T210 21654-21659 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T211 21678-21683 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T212 21687-21688 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T213 21908-21909 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T214 22096-22104 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T215 22152-22157 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T216 22187-22192 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T217 22342-22351 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001627 denotes (A) and a
T218 22410-22411 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T219 22438-22439 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T220 22493-22498 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T221 22542-22547 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T222 22549-22550 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes b
T223 22589-22590 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T224 22785-22787 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001302 denotes 34
T225 22794-22796 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001000 denotes 35
T226 23060-23061 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T227 23103-23111 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T228 23262-23270 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T229 23821-23829 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T230 24239-24247 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T231 24383-24388 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T232 24496-24502 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T233 24546-24551 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T234 24705-24713 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membrane
T235 24728-24733 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T236 24744-24749 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T237 24764-24767 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T238 24892-24899 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T239 24973-24974 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T240 25073-25076 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T241 25132-25139 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T242 25150-25158 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T243 25216-25217 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T244 25283-25284 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T245 25321-25329 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T246 25414-25415 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T247 25479-25482 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T248 25629-25637 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T249 25712-25713 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T250 25714-25719 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T251 25849-25856 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T252 25886-25891 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T253 25926-25927 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T254 26056-26064 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T255 26225-26228 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T256 26560-26565 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T257 26790-26804 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33247 denotes organic groups
T258 26821-26825 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T259 26900-26905 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T260 26952-26956 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T261 27060-27067 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100026 denotes organic
T262 27060-27067 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000468 denotes organic
T263 27126-27131 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T264 27180-27188 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T265 27189-27191 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053794 denotes 41
T266 27274-27275 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T267 27382-27383 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T268 27442-27450 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T269 27501-27515 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33247 denotes organic groups
T270 27603-27608 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T271 27634-27637 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T272 28057-28058 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T273 28076-28082 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T274 28157-28158 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T275 28182-28187 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T276 28281-28282 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T277 28586-28587 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T278 28750-28752 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053799 denotes 45
T279 28778-28779 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T280 28914-28917 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T281 28970-28971 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T282 28997-29005 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T283 29020-29025 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T284 29059-29060 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T285 29101-29104 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T286 29309-29312 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T287 29414-29422 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000018263 denotes peptides
T288 29788-29794 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes active
T289 29826-29827 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T290 29843-29846 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T291 29933-29934 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T292 29941-29949 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membrane
T293 30028-30031 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T294 30036-30044 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T295 30176-30184 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000018263 denotes peptides
T296 30322-30330 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000018263 denotes peptides
T297 30399-30401 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001382 denotes 48
T298 30633-30641 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T299 31003-31011 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T300 31060-31067 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T301 31088-31093 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T302 31140-31141 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T303 31142-31147 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T304 31363-31366 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T305 31378-31379 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T306 31536-31542 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes active
T307 31742-31747 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T308 31883-31888 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T309 31900-31901 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T310 31927-31935 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100026 denotes organism
T311 31927-31935 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000468 denotes organism
T312 32260-32261 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T313 32282-32290 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T314 32389-32394 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T315 32565-32570 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T316 32652-32658 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signal
T317 32680-32686 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signal
T318 33079-33080 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T319 33081-33089 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_32523 denotes tetrapod
T320 33143-33147 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T321 33545-33548 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T322 33584-33592 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T323 34046-34052 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T324 34325-34328 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T325 34334-34335 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T326 34430-34435 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes field
T327 34529-34537 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T328 34706-34711 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes field
T329 34986-34989 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T330 35180-35185 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T331 35227-35234 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T332 35426-35433 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T333 35594-35601 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T334 35676-35681 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T335 35753-35758 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T336 35832-35833 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T337 36143-36148 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T338 36225-36230 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T339 36264-36269 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T340 36384-36398 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000451 denotes dendritic cell
T341 36505-36512 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000084 denotes T cells
T342 36820-36822 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001313 denotes 36
T343 36922-36923 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T344 37291-37293 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001313 denotes 36
T345 37454-37466 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054299 denotes Jurkat cells
T346 37481-37484 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001004 denotes CD4
T347 37498-37503 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T348 37635-37636 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T349 37712-37713 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T350 37740-37742 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001313 denotes 36
T351 37766-37767 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T352 37823-37824 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T353 37858-37860 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001313 denotes 36
T354 37885-37886 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T355 38017-38018 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T356 38036-38044 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T357 38290-38291 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T358 38352-38353 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T359 38528-38536 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes Activity
T360 38661-38666 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T361 38852-38854 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001313 denotes 36
T362 38863-38865 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T363 38933-38935 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001313 denotes 36
T364 39162-39164 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001313 denotes 36
T365 39381-39383 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001382 denotes 48
T366 39600-39601 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T367 39661-39662 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes b
T368 39815-39816 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T369 40105-40106 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T370 40133-40134 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T371 40245-40250 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T372 40341-40342 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T373 40399-40400 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T374 40490-40491 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T375 40656-40657 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T376 41140-41142 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001313 denotes 36
T377 41195-41196 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T378 41343-41350 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T379 41463-41468 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T380 41552-41553 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T381 41666-41672 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T382 41699-41700 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T383 41804-41805 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T384 42024-42025 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T385 42105-42110 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T386 42260-42261 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T387 42439-42446 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T388 42572-42577 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T389 42585-42588 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T390 42594-42595 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T391 42705-42706 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T392 42878-42886 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T393 42972-42977 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T394 43068-43073 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T395 43114-43115 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T396 43272-43277 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T397 43301-43306 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T398 43367-43372 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T399 43401-43409 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T400 43609-43610 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T401 43685-43693 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes by human
T402 43694-43698 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T403 43694-43698 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T404 44162-44167 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes field
T405 44168-44171 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T406 44338-44346 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T407 44382-44385 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T408 44523-44532 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membranes
T409 44750-44751 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T410 44790-44798 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T411 44932-44933 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T412 45225-45233 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T413 45331-45337 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes active
T414 45483-45484 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T415 45635-45636 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T416 45803-45807 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T417 45848-45849 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T418 45988-45989 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T419 46081-46086 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T420 46095-46100 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T421 46111-46116 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T422 46136-46143 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T423 46196-46201 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T424 46443-46451 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T425 46559-46565 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T426 46587-46592 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T427 46766-46767 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T428 47703-47716 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0001034 denotes cell in vitro
T429 47760-47764 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T430 47780-47783 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T431 47831-47832 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T432 48058-48063 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T433 48169-48174 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T434 48207-48215 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T435 48445-48453 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T436 48785-48793 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T437 48849-48854 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T438 48872-48877 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T439 49100-49107 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T440 49782-49785 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T441 49841-49842 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T442 49849-49854 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T443 50233-50241 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T444 50541-50542 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T445 50657-50658 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T446 50677-50681 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_8839 denotes duck
T447 50861-50868 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100026 denotes organic
T448 50861-50868 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000468 denotes organic
T449 50997-51001 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T450 51304-51305 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T451 51348-51355 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T452 51370-51377 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T453 51379-51384 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T454 51408-51413 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T455 51429-51436 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100026 denotes organic
T456 51429-51436 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000468 denotes organic
T457 51507-51510 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T458 51803-51806 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T459 51863-51868 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T460 51894-51899 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T461 51924-51927 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T462 52090-52095 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T463 52274-52275 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T464 52304-52308 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T465 52486-52494 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T466 52589-52594 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T467 52589-52594 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 denotes blood
T468 52617-52625 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T469 52714-52717 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T470 53004-53011 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T471 53110-53115 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T472 53225-53253 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001307 denotes heparan sulfate proteoglycan
T473 53255-53259 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001307 denotes HSPG
T474 53333-53343 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_2759 denotes eukaryotic
T475 53344-53354 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000000 denotes cell types
T476 53365-53372 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T477 53390-53395 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T478 53406-53411 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T479 53540-53544 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001307 denotes HSPG
T480 53588-53593 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T481 53594-53598 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T482 53859-53863 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T483 53867-53871 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T484 53940-53945 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T485 53962-53963 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T486 54043-54051 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T487 54096-54101 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T488 54159-54163 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T489 54495-54496 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T490 54623-54629 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T491 54648-54652 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001307 denotes HSPG
T492 54663-54670 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T493 54680-54681 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T494 54697-54705 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T495 54759-54767 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T496 55143-55144 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T497 55203-55204 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T498 55294-55295 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T499 55992-55993 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T500 56049-56054 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T501 56148-56156 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T502 56190-56191 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T503 56296-56302 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T504 56339-56344 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T505 56375-56380 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T506 56437-56439 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001527 denotes 94
T507 56534-56539 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T508 56839-56844 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T509 57043-57045 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001527 denotes 94
T510 57094-57095 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T511 57122-57127 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T512 57171-57176 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T513 57278-57282 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001185 denotes 2018
T514 57309-57310 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T515 57338-57343 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T516 57391-57396 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T517 57490-57492 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001527 denotes 94
T518 57581-57582 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T519 57776-57784 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes Activity
T520 57797-57802 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes Cells
T521 57885-57886 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T522 58151-58156 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T523 58157-58160 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T524 58900-58903 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T525 59102-59108 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003103 denotes organs
T526 59333-59338 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T527 59390-59394 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T528 59585-59589 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T529 59752-59756 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T530 59832-59838 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T531 60010-60011 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T532 60076-60081 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T533 60109-60113 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T534 60177-60185 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T535 60197-60202 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T536 60223-60228 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T537 60256-60260 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T538 60335-60343 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T539 60362-60370 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000984 denotes testicle
T540 60371-60376 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T541 60468-60470 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T542 60528-60532 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T543 60555-60565 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T544 60596-60605 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signaling
T545 60606-60608 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T546 60635-60638 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T547 60788-60793 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes genes
T548 60832-60835 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T549 60870-60873 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T550 60911-60921 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activities
T551 60988-60993 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T552 61017-61022 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T553 61301-61306 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T554 61359-61363 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T555 61411-61416 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T556 61629-61633 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T557 61793-61797 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T558 61798-61806 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membrane
T559 61859-61867 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membrane
T560 62059-62066 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100026 denotes organic
T561 62059-62066 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000468 denotes organic
T562 62123-62130 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T563 62152-62153 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T564 62160-62167 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009985 denotes focused
T565 62462-62468 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes active
T566 62490-62493 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T567 62494-62495 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T568 62496-62502 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002553 denotes cavity
T569 62509-62510 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes Å
T570 62603-62611 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T571 62621-62622 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T572 62639-62645 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes active
T573 62763-62764 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T574 62775-62783 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T575 62851-62854 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001343 denotes aim
T576 62881-62889 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T577 62944-62950 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T578 62963-62971 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T579 62995-62996 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T580 63067-63075 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T581 63167-63168 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T582 63297-63305 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T583 63821-63822 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T584 63867-63870 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054060 denotes 102
T585 63989-63998 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0000031 denotes cell line
T586 64023-64024 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T587 64275-64280 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T588 64300-64302 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T589 64365-64366 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T590 64439-64441 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T591 64649-64656 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T592 64818-64821 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054060 denotes 102
T593 64883-64884 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T594 64944-64945 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T595 65029-65030 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T596 65102-65107 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T597 65115-65116 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T598 65134-65135 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T599 65380-65387 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T600 65475-65476 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T601 65560-65564 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T602 65565-65574 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membranes
T603 65644-65648 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes gene
T604 65828-65836 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T605 65845-65852 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T606 65876-65879 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T607 66026-66029 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T608 66056-66059 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050251 denotes CNT
T609 66082-66087 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T610 66183-66188 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T611 66269-66272 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050251 denotes CNT
T612 66462-66468 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes active
T613 66580-66581 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T614 66682-66686 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T615 66706-66707 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T616 66734-66742 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T617 66847-66848 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T618 67087-67088 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T619 67128-67133 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T620 67432-67436 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_7962 denotes carp
T621 67443-67449 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T622 67479-67483 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_7962 denotes carp
T623 67825-67830 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T624 68027-68037 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activities
T625 68202-68203 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T626 68331-68337 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T627 68432-68433 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T628 68449-68457 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T629 68473-68478 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T630 68502-68505 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T631 68562-68567 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T632 68711-68714 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053001 denotes 114
T633 68984-68989 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T634 69015-69025 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000025 denotes tubes, the
T635 69123-69126 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050251 denotes CNT
T636 69213-69214 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T637 69268-69272 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T638 69352-69355 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050251 denotes CNT
T639 69390-69393 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T640 69615-69620 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T641 69621-69624 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T642 69659-69666 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T643 69733-69734 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T644 69766-69770 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T645 69766-69770 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T646 69989-69996 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000084 denotes T cells
T647 70063-70067 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T648 70071-70075 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T649 70133-70134 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T650 70327-70332 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T651 70370-70373 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001046 denotes 116
T652 70558-70563 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T653 70658-70666 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T654 70695-70699 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T655 71020-71023 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T656 71153-71158 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T657 71178-71183 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T658 71422-71423 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T659 71455-71456 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T660 71708-71712 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T661 71760-71765 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T662 71789-71793 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T663 71912-71917 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T664 71923-71924 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T665 71925-71930 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T666 71950-71958 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T667 72208-72214 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes active
T668 72489-72492 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T669 72636-72644 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T670 72834-72839 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T671 72917-72921 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T672 73050-73054 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T673 73153-73161 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T674 73250-73255 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T675 73545-73546 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T676 73691-73696 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T677 73791-73794 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001053 denotes 121
T678 74051-74056 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T679 74295-74300 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T680 74407-74408 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T681 74432-74437 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T682 74509-74510 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes b
T683 74587-74591 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T684 74587-74591 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T685 74671-74675 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001185 denotes 2018
T686 74756-74757 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T687 74841-74842 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T688 75113-75126 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T689 75374-75387 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes Immune System
T690 75431-75436 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T691 75510-75523 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T692 75530-75531 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T693 75532-75537 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T694 75604-75605 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T695 75788-75798 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T696 75892-75894 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T697 75960-75964 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T698 76001-76010 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activated
T699 76130-76134 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T700 76227-76237 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T701 76282-76295 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T702 76430-76435 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T703 76462-76467 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T704 76531-76538 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000236 denotes B cells
T705 76645-76646 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T706 76746-76756 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T707 76890-76903 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T708 76976-76989 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T709 77015-77020 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes Virus
T710 77088-77089 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T711 77120-77130 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activating
T712 77131-77146 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000451 denotes dendritic cells
T713 77148-77155 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000084 denotes T cells
T714 77173-77180 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000236 denotes B cells
T715 77389-77394 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes genes
T716 77434-77439 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T717 77532-77537 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T718 77628-77635 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T719 77771-77784 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T720 77785-77788 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T721 78135-78140 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T722 78164-78168 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T723 78316-78321 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T724 78401-78406 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 denotes genes
T725 78648-78655 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T726 78884-78892 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T727 78927-78932 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007836 denotes mouse
T728 78952-78962 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T729 78996-78999 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T730 79074-79079 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T731 79192-79197 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T732 79211-79232 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000082 denotes lung epithelial cells
T733 79276-79297 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000082 denotes lung epithelial cells
T734 79463-79468 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T735 79755-79760 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T736 79805-79810 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T737 79839-79843 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T738 79844-79852 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membrane
T739 79908-79913 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T740 79994-80008 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0001034 denotes cells in vitro
T741 80085-80095 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T742 80169-80173 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001185 denotes 2018
T743 80270-80278 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activate
T744 80546-80554 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activate
T745 80685-80686 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T746 80830-80834 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T747 80936-80937 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T748 81010-81011 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T749 81026-81035 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_7955 denotes zebrafish
T750 81036-81042 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002548 denotes larvae
T751 81081-81082 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T752 81160-81163 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054061 denotes 132
T753 81284-81285 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T754 81598-81602 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T755 81655-81656 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T756 81809-81822 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T757 82038-82043 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T758 82158-82163 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T759 82550-82555 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T760 82671-82684 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T761 82727-82731 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048 denotes lung
T762 82727-82731 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934 denotes lung
T763 82811-82812 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T764 82859-82866 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T765 82953-82966 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T766 83024-83030 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes active
T767 83065-83078 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T768 83126-83131 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T769 83148-83155 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000236 denotes B cells
T770 83605-83612 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T771 83825-83838 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T772 83896-83899 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T773 84001-84002 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T774 84019-84024 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T775 84026-84031 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T776 84169-84182 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T777 84218-84221 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T778 84294-84299 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T779 84507-84511 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T780 84558-84565 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000084 denotes T cells
T781 84644-84645 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T782 84736-84740 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T783 84860-84861 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T784 84906-84914 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_32523 denotes tetrapod
T785 84980-84981 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T786 85198-85202 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002415 denotes tail
T787 85456-85469 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T788 85614-85619 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T789 85832-85837 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T790 86142-86146 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001044 denotes 1141
T791 86163-86170 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T792 86212-86219 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000018263 denotes peptide
T793 86540-86541 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T794 86608-86613 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T795 86682-86683 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T796 86816-86821 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T797 86822-86838 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000927 denotes embryonic kidney
T798 86839-86849 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0000031 denotes cells line
T799 86851-86857 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001230 denotes HEK293
T800 86939-86949 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T801 86972-86981 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000418 denotes signaling
T802 87001-87007 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000084 denotes T cell
T803 87067-87068 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T804 87088-87089 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T805 87373-87374 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T806 87499-87500 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T807 87526-87532 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000084 denotes T cell
T808 87551-87561 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T809 87589-87596 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000236 denotes B cells
T810 87744-87745 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T811 87876-87877 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes b
T812 88530-88541 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10141 denotes guinea pigs
T813 88707-88712 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T814 89012-89013 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T815 89030-89043 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T816 89095-89098 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T817 89155-89160 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000825 denotes mouth
T818 89169-89174 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T819 89313-89321 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T820 89339-89352 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T821 89383-89384 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T822 89415-89418 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001079 denotes 148
T823 89462-89463 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T824 89703-89704 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T825 89814-89822 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000158 denotes membrane
T826 90009-90012 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T827 90013-90014 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T828 90110-90117 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T829 90123-90124 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T830 90197-90202 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T831 90258-90265 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T832 90271-90272 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T833 90329-90332 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T834 90392-90393 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T835 90540-90541 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T836 90753-90754 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T837 90810-90813 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T838 90917-90923 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell’s
T839 91139-91152 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T840 91583-91584 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T841 91741-91742 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T842 92140-92141 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T843 92232-92233 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T844 92269-92277 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T845 92429-92430 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T846 92445-92448 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T847 92502-92507 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T848 92605-92613 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000018263 denotes peptides
T849 92682-92695 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T850 92749-92753 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T851 92757-92761 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T852 92782-92787 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T853 92950-92952 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T854 92965-92967 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T855 93069-93077 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000018263 denotes peptides
T856 93129-93133 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T857 93137-93141 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T858 93142-93147 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T859 93355-93358 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T860 93488-93491 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T861 93534-93540 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes humans
T862 93643-93646 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T863 93792-93793 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T864 93991-93992 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T865 94036-94045 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000876 denotes extremely
T866 94071-94072 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T867 94104-94105 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T868 94135-94136 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T869 94671-94675 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T870 94803-94804 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T871 94844-94852 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T872 94873-94878 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T873 94973-94974 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T874 95101-95109 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T875 95269-95277 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T876 95319-95327 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T877 95479-95480 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T878 95581-95586 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T879 95647-95652 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T880 95711-95719 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T881 95805-95806 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T882 95824-95832 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T883 95937-95942 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T884 95979-95983 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cell
T885 96224-96229 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T886 96253-96266 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T887 96315-96325 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T888 96410-96411 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T889 96412-96417 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T890 96465-96470 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T891 96531-96532 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T892 97057-97058 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T893 97127-97133 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002113 denotes kidney
T894 97127-97133 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000927 denotes kidney
T895 97127-97133 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000929 denotes kidney
T896 97744-97757 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T897 97804-97814 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T898 97822-97835 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405 denotes immune system
T899 97851-97861 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T900 97942-97943 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T901 97961-97964 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T902 98024-98030 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes humans
T903 98032-98034 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T904 98117-98122 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T905 98154-98164 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T906 98287-98297 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activation
T907 98307-98312 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T908 98475-98478 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T909 98534-98545 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000029 denotes lymph nodes
T910 98566-98581 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000451 denotes dendritic cells
T911 98660-98665 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T912 98736-98737 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T913 98738-98743 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000982 denotes joint
T914 98738-98743 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004905 denotes joint
T915 98915-98920 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes field
T916 99330-99334 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009609 denotes wish
T917 99570-99571 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T918 99603-99607 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009609 denotes wish
T919 99744-99751 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0100026 denotes organic
T920 99744-99751 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000468 denotes organic
T921 99876-99881 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T1 759-779 Chemical denotes antimicrobial agents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33281
T2 815-820 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T3 1041-1052 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
T4 1064-1080 Chemical denotes antiviral agents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T5 1260-1269 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T6 1371-1380 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T7 2191-2197 Chemical denotes buffer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35225
T8 2906-2915 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T9 3145-3154 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T10 3262-3266 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T11 3542-3553 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
T12 3769-3779 Chemical denotes inhibitors http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222
T13 4216-4228 Chemical denotes metal oxides http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_133331
T14 4222-4228 Chemical denotes oxides http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25741
T15 4236-4242 Chemical denotes metals http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33521
T16 4272-4281 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T17 4318-4326 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T18 4358-4365 Chemical denotes radical http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26519
T19 4468-4477 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T20 4637-4648 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
T21 4660-4676 Chemical denotes antiviral agents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T22 4842-4851 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T23 4994-5003 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T24 5170-5181 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
T25 5412-5421 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T26 6174-6183 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T27 6214-6225 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
T28 6237-6253 Chemical denotes antiviral agents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T29 6475-6491 Chemical denotes antiviral agents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T30 6633-6640 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T31 6763-6773 Chemical denotes antivirals http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T32 6832-6845 Chemical denotes antimicrobial http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33281
T33 6912-6921 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T34 7539-7548 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T35 7598-7606 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T36 7674-7682 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T37 7711-7718 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T38 7832-7840 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T39 7943-7959 Chemical denotes antiviral agents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T40 7982-7993 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
T41 8024-8034 Chemical denotes inhibitors http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222
T42 8266-8279 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T43 8281-8284 Chemical denotes NPs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T44 8295-8299 Chemical denotes gold http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29287|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30050
T46 8304-8310 Chemical denotes silver http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30512|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T48 8330-8346 Chemical denotes antiviral agents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T49 8424-8433 Chemical denotes disulfide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48343
T50 8563-8566 Chemical denotes NPs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T51 8888-8893 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T52 8964-8969 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T53 9019-9024 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T54 9220-9222 Chemical denotes NP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53793|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73425
T57 9223-9228 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T58 9240-9245 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T59 9440-9443 Chemical denotes NPs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T60 9644-9651 Chemical denotes ligands http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
T61 9721-9730 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T62 9784-9790 Chemical denotes silver http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30512|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T64 9803-9807 Chemical denotes gold http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29287|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30050
T66 9816-9829 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T67 9885-9891 Chemical denotes Silver http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T68 10051-10060 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T69 10107-10116 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T70 10394-10401 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T71 10601-10609 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T72 10621-10629 Chemical denotes cysteine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15356
T73 10634-10644 Chemical denotes methionine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16811|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64558
T75 10793-10799 Chemical denotes sulfur http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26833
T76 10826-10838 Chemical denotes glycoprotein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T77 10864-10869 Chemical denotes lipid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18059
T78 11068-11072 Chemical denotes AgNP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50826
T79 11195-11204 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T80 11269-11275 Chemical denotes silver http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30512|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T82 11276-11280 Chemical denotes ions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870
T83 11292-11300 Chemical denotes solution http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75958
T84 11306-11315 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T85 11328-11334 Chemical denotes silver http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30512|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T87 11335-11347 Chemical denotes sulfadiazine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9328
T88 11359-11373 Chemical denotes silver nitrate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32130
T89 11359-11365 Chemical denotes silver http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30512|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T91 11366-11373 Chemical denotes nitrate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17632
T92 11395-11407 Chemical denotes silver salts http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33968
T93 11395-11401 Chemical denotes silver http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30512|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T95 11402-11407 Chemical denotes salts http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866
T96 11429-11434 Chemical denotes salts http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866
T97 11510-11516 Chemical denotes silver http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30512|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T99 11517-11521 Chemical denotes ions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870
T100 11588-11597 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T101 11642-11644 Chemical denotes Ag http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30512|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T103 11646-11650 Chemical denotes ions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870
T104 11662-11670 Chemical denotes solution http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75958
T105 11938-11951 Chemical denotes glycoproteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T106 12085-12094 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T107 12220-12233 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T108 12246-12255 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T109 12425-12434 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T110 13372-13381 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T111 13462-13470 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T112 13923-13929 Chemical denotes Action http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5133
T113 14239-14246 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T114 14341-14344 Chemical denotes DNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991
T115 14452-14460 Chemical denotes electron http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_10545
T116 14504-14507 Chemical denotes DNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991
T117 14569-14588 Chemical denotes double-stranded DNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_4705
T118 14585-14588 Chemical denotes DNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991
T119 15094-15096 Chemical denotes RD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73812
T120 15180-15187 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T121 15204-15216 Chemical denotes glycoprotein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T122 15316-15329 Chemical denotes nucleic acids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696
T123 15324-15329 Chemical denotes acids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T124 15454-15457 Chemical denotes TEM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27919
T125 15483-15486 Chemical denotes NPs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T126 15620-15628 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T127 15715-15718 Chemical denotes DNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991
T128 15806-15825 Chemical denotes double-stranded DNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_4705
T129 15822-15825 Chemical denotes DNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991
T130 15925-15931 Chemical denotes silver http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30512|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T132 15932-15936 Chemical denotes ions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870
T133 16034-16045 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
T134 16097-16109 Chemical denotes polyurethane http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53284|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60737
T136 16229-16235 Chemical denotes silver http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30512|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T138 16236-16240 Chemical denotes ions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870
T139 16280-16283 Chemical denotes NPs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T140 16330-16338 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T141 16386-16396 Chemical denotes silver ion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60247
T142 16386-16392 Chemical denotes silver http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30512|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T144 16393-16396 Chemical denotes ion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870
T145 16460-16469 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T146 16588-16604 Chemical denotes antiviral agents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T147 16640-16649 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T148 16739-16748 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T149 16814-16827 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T150 16840-16849 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T151 16898-16907 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T152 16918-16922 Chemical denotes AgNP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50826
T153 17015-17021 Chemical denotes silver http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30512|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T155 17269-17277 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T156 17290-17303 Chemical denotes glycoproteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T157 17380-17382 Chemical denotes Ag http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30512|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T159 17429-17437 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T160 17562-17578 Chemical denotes antiviral agents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T161 17733-17739 Chemical denotes Silver http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T162 17740-17744 Chemical denotes ions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870
T163 17946-17955 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T164 18219-18246 Chemical denotes Poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53248
T165 18226-18231 Chemical denotes vinyl http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37603
T166 18232-18245 Chemical denotes 2-pyrrolidone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36592
T167 18248-18251 Chemical denotes PVP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53245|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53248
T169 18279-18289 Chemical denotes stabilizer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_77966
T170 18304-18307 Chemical denotes PVP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53245|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53248
T172 18467-18473 Chemical denotes carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33415
T174 18487-18490 Chemical denotes PVP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53245|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53248
T176 18524-18533 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T177 18574-18577 Chemical denotes PVP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53245|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53248
T179 18718-18725 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T180 18809-18824 Chemical denotes antiviral drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36044
T181 18809-18818 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T182 18819-18824 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T183 18850-18854 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T184 18880-18885 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T185 18913-18917 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T186 18945-18954 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T187 19054-19057 Chemical denotes NPs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T188 19213-19220 Chemical denotes tannins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26848
T189 19224-19232 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T190 19245-19256 Chemical denotes tannic acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75211
T191 19252-19256 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T192 19266-19279 Chemical denotes glycoproteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T193 19336-19348 Chemical denotes glycoprotein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T194 19492-19498 Chemical denotes Action http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5133
T195 19588-19594 Chemical denotes carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33415
T197 19596-19599 Chemical denotes PVP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53245|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53248
T199 19657-19660 Chemical denotes PVP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53245|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53248
T201 19685-19692 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T202 19694-19696 Chemical denotes RF http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73818
T203 19726-19733 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T204 19799-19810 Chemical denotes Oseltamivir http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_7798
T205 19880-19890 Chemical denotes Amantadine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2618
T206 19943-19966 Chemical denotes reactive oxygen species http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523
T207 19952-19958 Chemical denotes oxygen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25805
T208 19968-19971 Chemical denotes ROS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523
T209 20118-20132 Chemical denotes polysaccharide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18154
T210 20210-20224 Chemical denotes polysaccharide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18154
T211 20423-20426 Chemical denotes PEI http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_144613|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53231
T213 20431-20440 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T214 20482-20485 Chemical denotes ROS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523
T215 20552-20563 Chemical denotes tannic acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75211
T216 20559-20563 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T217 20701-20710 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T218 20810-20819 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T219 20908-20921 Chemical denotes glycoproteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T220 21011-21020 Chemical denotes inhibitor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222
T221 21144-21152 Chemical denotes polymers http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33839
T222 21428-21441 Chemical denotes glycoproteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T223 21446-21461 Chemical denotes heparan sulfate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28815
T224 21446-21453 Chemical denotes heparan http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24500
T225 21454-21461 Chemical denotes sulfate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16189
T226 21463-21465 Chemical denotes HS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74056|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28815
T228 21559-21561 Chemical denotes Ag http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30512|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T230 21562-21565 Chemical denotes MES http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_39005|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_39010
T232 21596-21598 Chemical denotes HS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74056|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28815
T234 21611-21620 Chemical denotes sulfonate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33543
T235 21722-21730 Chemical denotes curcumin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3962
T236 21872-21883 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
T237 21887-21895 Chemical denotes Curcumin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3962
T238 21955-21963 Chemical denotes curcumin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3962
T239 22086-22095 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T240 22198-22207 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T241 22231-22239 Chemical denotes curcumin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3962
T242 22738-22749 Chemical denotes oseltamivir http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_7798
T243 22751-22761 Chemical denotes amantadine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2618
T244 22767-22776 Chemical denotes zanamivir http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50663
T245 22778-22780 Chemical denotes Ag http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30512|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T247 22788-22790 Chemical denotes Ag http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30512|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T249 22801-22803 Chemical denotes Ag http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30512|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T251 22863-22876 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T252 23072-23081 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T253 23215-23222 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T254 23252-23261 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T255 23411-23417 Chemical denotes silver http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30512|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9141
T257 23418-23422 Chemical denotes ions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870
T258 23515-23527 Chemical denotes disinfectant http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48219
T259 23725-23737 Chemical denotes nanoparticle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T260 23806-23810 Chemical denotes AgNP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50826
T261 23811-23820 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T262 23881-23892 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
T263 24001-24005 Chemical denotes AgNP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50826
T264 24088-24097 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T265 24229-24238 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T266 24303-24307 Chemical denotes Gold http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29287
T267 24506-24516 Chemical denotes inhibitors http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222
T268 24588-24590 Chemical denotes HA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73924
T269 24599-24601 Chemical denotes Au http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29287
T270 24625-24634 Chemical denotes disulfide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48343
T271 24648-24660 Chemical denotes glycoprotein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T272 24761-24763 Chemical denotes HA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73924
T273 24841-24848 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T274 24957-24965 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T275 25274-25277 Chemical denotes NPs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T276 25311-25320 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T277 25619-25628 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T278 25746-25750 Chemical denotes AuNP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50825
T279 25793-25801 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T280 25820-25829 Chemical denotes disulfide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48343
T281 25945-25947 Chemical denotes CC http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28940
T282 26046-26055 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T283 26066-26070 Chemical denotes AuNP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50825
T284 26217-26224 Chemical denotes ligands http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
T285 26266-26275 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T286 26299-26306 Chemical denotes ligands http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
T287 26368-26374 Chemical denotes ligand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
T288 26397-26403 Chemical denotes ligand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
T289 26453-26457 Chemical denotes gold http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29287|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30050
T291 26458-26462 Chemical denotes ions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870
T292 26482-26493 Chemical denotes gallic acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30778
T293 26489-26493 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T294 26605-26611 Chemical denotes ligand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
T295 26612-26615 Chemical denotes NPs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T296 26790-26804 Chemical denotes organic groups http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33247
T297 27045-27055 Chemical denotes sulfonates http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33543
T298 27060-27076 Chemical denotes organic sulfates http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25704
T299 27068-27076 Chemical denotes sulfates http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26820|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35175
T301 27143-27150 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T302 27177-27179 Chemical denotes HA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_73924
T303 27218-27228 Chemical denotes sulfonates http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33543
T304 27292-27305 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T305 27318-27331 Chemical denotes succinic acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15741
T306 27327-27331 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T307 27432-27441 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T308 27501-27515 Chemical denotes organic groups http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33247
T309 27522-27527 Chemical denotes Thiol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29256
T310 27780-27786 Chemical denotes ligand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
T311 27865-27878 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T312 27919-27928 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T313 28059-28066 Chemical denotes sulfide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26822
T314 28519-28528 Chemical denotes sulfonate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33543
T315 28566-28569 Chemical denotes NPs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T316 28721-28728 Chemical denotes ligands http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
T317 28769-28772 Chemical denotes NPs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T318 28934-28941 Chemical denotes dendron http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_51338
T319 28987-28996 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T320 29171-29184 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T321 29250-29256 Chemical denotes ligand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
T322 29340-29349 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T323 29400-29409 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T324 29414-29422 Chemical denotes peptides http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16670
T325 29541-29545 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T326 29568-29577 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T327 29755-29764 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T328 29807-29811 Chemical denotes AuNP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50825
T329 29957-29966 Chemical denotes inhibitor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222
T330 30176-30184 Chemical denotes peptides http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16670
T331 30322-30330 Chemical denotes peptides http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16670
T332 30437-30443 Chemical denotes Oxygen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15379
T333 30488-30491 Chemical denotes NPs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T334 30513-30519 Chemical denotes metals http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33521
T335 30550-30554 Chemical denotes ions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870
T336 30623-30632 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T337 30674-30677 Chemical denotes NPs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T338 30689-30691 Chemical denotes Cu http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28694
T339 30695-30697 Chemical denotes Fe http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18248
T340 30740-30748 Chemical denotes radicals http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26519
T341 30807-30815 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T342 30892-30898 Chemical denotes copper http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28694|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30052
T344 30899-30903 Chemical denotes ions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870
T345 30918-30926 Chemical denotes sulfates http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26820|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35175
T347 30930-30942 Chemical denotes iodide salts http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24858
T348 30930-30936 Chemical denotes iodide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16382
T349 30937-30942 Chemical denotes salts http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866
T350 30969-30985 Chemical denotes antiviral agents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T351 31204-31206 Chemical denotes Cu http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28694
T352 31208-31212 Chemical denotes ions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870
T353 31227-31232 Chemical denotes salts http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866
T354 31236-31249 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T355 31265-31273 Chemical denotes hydroxyl http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29191|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_43176
T357 31274-31282 Chemical denotes radicals http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26519
T358 31306-31312 Chemical denotes copper http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28694|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30052
T360 31448-31450 Chemical denotes Cu http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28694
T361 31474-31476 Chemical denotes Cu http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28694
T362 31478-31483 Chemical denotes salts http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866
T363 31495-31501 Chemical denotes copper http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28694|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30052
T365 31502-31506 Chemical denotes ions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870
T366 31600-31613 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T367 31771-31777 Chemical denotes copper http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28694|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30052
T369 31778-31783 Chemical denotes salts http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866
T370 31830-31853 Chemical denotes reactive oxygen species http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523
T371 31839-31845 Chemical denotes oxygen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25805
T372 31855-31858 Chemical denotes ROS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523
T373 32018-32024 Chemical denotes oxides http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25741
T374 32064-32080 Chemical denotes antiviral agents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T375 32122-32135 Chemical denotes cuprous oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_81908
T376 32130-32135 Chemical denotes oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25741|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29356
T378 32136-32149 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T379 32248-32251 Chemical denotes NPs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T380 32272-32281 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T381 32523-32532 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T382 32669-32673 Chemical denotes DAPI http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_51231
T383 32697-32702 Chemical denotes oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25741|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29356
T385 32703-32706 Chemical denotes NPs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T386 32847-32851 Chemical denotes zinc http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27363|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30185
T388 32852-32857 Chemical denotes salts http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866
T389 32889-32909 Chemical denotes antimicrobial agents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33281
T390 32983-32986 Chemical denotes ZnO http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36560
T391 32987-33000 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T392 33177-33179 Chemical denotes HS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74056|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28815
T394 33314-33322 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T395 33503-33506 Chemical denotes ROS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523
T396 33524-33530 Chemical denotes copper http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28694|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30052
T398 33531-33544 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T399 33574-33583 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T400 33596-33602 Chemical denotes copper http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28694|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30052
T402 33603-33616 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T403 33661-33663 Chemical denotes Cu http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28694
T404 33665-33669 Chemical denotes ions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870
T405 33673-33681 Chemical denotes solution http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75958
T406 33873-33876 Chemical denotes ROS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523
T407 33973-33985 Chemical denotes copper oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_134069|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75955
T409 33973-33979 Chemical denotes copper http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28694|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30052
T411 33980-33985 Chemical denotes oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25741|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29356
T413 33986-33999 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T414 34128-34134 Chemical denotes Carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594
T415 34217-34223 Chemical denotes carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33415
T417 34386-34392 Chemical denotes carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33415
T419 34420-34429 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T420 34488-34494 Chemical denotes carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33415
T422 34581-34590 Chemical denotes fullerene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T423 34652-34657 Chemical denotes water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377
T424 34666-34671 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T425 34753-34762 Chemical denotes fullerene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T426 34813-34822 Chemical denotes fullerene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T427 34862-34871 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T428 35018-35024 Chemical denotes carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33415
T430 35066-35072 Chemical denotes carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33415
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T433 35088-35096 Chemical denotes graphene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36973
T434 35097-35102 Chemical denotes oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25741|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29356
T436 35104-35106 Chemical denotes GO http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_132889
T437 35536-35546 Chemical denotes antivirals http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T438 35616-35623 Chemical denotes glycans http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18154
T439 35943-35952 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T440 35953-35962 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T441 35964-35968 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T442 35969-35977 Chemical denotes carriers http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78059
T443 36367-36374 Chemical denotes mannose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37684
T444 36553-36560 Chemical denotes mannose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37684
T445 36579-36588 Chemical denotes fullerene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T446 36794-36801 Chemical denotes mannose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37684
T447 36852-36861 Chemical denotes fullerene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T448 36935-36944 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T449 37056-37058 Chemical denotes Cu http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28694
T450 37072-37077 Chemical denotes azide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22680|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_40910
T452 37078-37084 Chemical denotes alkyne http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22339
T453 37125-37131 Chemical denotes alkyne http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22339
T454 37268-37275 Chemical denotes mannose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37684
T455 37334-37342 Chemical denotes malonate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15792|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38083
T457 37357-37372 Chemical denotes pentaerythritol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_134760
T458 37693-37700 Chemical denotes mannose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37684
T459 37701-37710 Chemical denotes fullerene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T460 37743-37750 Chemical denotes mannose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37684
T461 37751-37760 Chemical denotes fullerene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T462 37782-37785 Chemical denotes PEG http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46793
T463 37794-37802 Chemical denotes ethylene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29362
T464 37803-37808 Chemical denotes oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25741|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29356
T466 37861-37868 Chemical denotes mannose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37684
T467 37869-37879 Chemical denotes fullerenes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T468 37902-37905 Chemical denotes PEG http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46793
T469 37914-37922 Chemical denotes ethylene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29362
T470 37923-37928 Chemical denotes oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25741|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29356
T472 38026-38035 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T473 38259-38268 Chemical denotes inhibitor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222
T474 38324-38333 Chemical denotes fullerene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T475 38342-38349 Chemical denotes mannose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37684
T476 38413-38420 Chemical denotes mannose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37684
T477 38481-38491 Chemical denotes fullerenes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T478 38500-38507 Chemical denotes mannose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37684
T479 38643-38650 Chemical denotes mannose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37684
T480 38678-38683 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T481 38692-38701 Chemical denotes fullerene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T482 38706-38713 Chemical denotes mannose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37684
T483 38741-38755 Chemical denotes monosaccharide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35381
T484 38757-38765 Chemical denotes malonate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15792|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38083
T486 38808-38822 Chemical denotes monosaccharide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35381
T487 38835-38850 Chemical denotes pentaerythritol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_134760
T488 38889-38903 Chemical denotes monosaccharide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35381
T489 38916-38931 Chemical denotes pentaerythritol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_134760
T490 38976-38990 Chemical denotes monosaccharide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35381
T491 38992-39000 Chemical denotes malonate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15792|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38083
T493 39054-39068 Chemical denotes monosaccharide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35381
T494 39070-39078 Chemical denotes malonate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15792|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38083
T496 39120-39132 Chemical denotes disaccharide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36233
T497 39145-39160 Chemical denotes pentaerythritol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_134760
T498 39214-39224 Chemical denotes fullerenes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T499 39226-39238 Chemical denotes disaccharide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36233
T500 39251-39266 Chemical denotes pentaerythritol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_134760
T501 39316-39326 Chemical denotes fullerenes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T502 39328-39340 Chemical denotes disaccharide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36233
T503 39353-39368 Chemical denotes pentaerythritol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_134760
T504 39437-39451 Chemical denotes monosaccharide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35381
T505 39464-39479 Chemical denotes pentaerythritol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_134760
T506 39534-39548 Chemical denotes monosaccharide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35381
T507 39561-39576 Chemical denotes pentaerythritol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_134760
T508 39649-39659 Chemical denotes fullerenes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T509 39710-39720 Chemical denotes fullerenes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T510 39775-39784 Chemical denotes fullerene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T511 39905-39915 Chemical denotes fullerenes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T512 40292-40305 Chemical denotes carbohydrates http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16646
T513 40330-40339 Chemical denotes dendrimer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_51338|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61483
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T516 40427-40440 Chemical denotes carbohydrates http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16646
T517 40460-40468 Chemical denotes molecule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T518 40559-40571 Chemical denotes disaccharide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36233
T519 40740-40746 Chemical denotes copper http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28694|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30052
T521 40769-40775 Chemical denotes azides http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22680
T522 40779-40786 Chemical denotes alkynes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22339
T523 40824-40833 Chemical denotes fullerene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T524 40853-40863 Chemical denotes fullerenes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T525 40935-40941 Chemical denotes copper http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28694|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30052
T527 40942-40946 Chemical denotes ions http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870
T528 40983-40991 Chemical denotes molecule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T529 41104-41117 Chemical denotes disaccharides http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36233
T530 41143-41155 Chemical denotes disaccharide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36233
T531 41266-41278 Chemical denotes disaccharide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36233
T532 41403-41418 Chemical denotes antiviral drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36044
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T536 42042-42054 Chemical denotes carbohydrate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16646
T537 42395-42404 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T538 42463-42473 Chemical denotes fullerenes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T539 42647-42657 Chemical denotes fullerenes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T540 42722-42729 Chemical denotes mannose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37684
T541 43128-43139 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
T542 43666-43673 Chemical denotes ligands http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
T543 43754-43760 Chemical denotes Carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594
T544 43785-43795 Chemical denotes fullerenes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T545 43803-43809 Chemical denotes carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33415
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T548 43934-43940 Chemical denotes carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33415
T550 43957-43966 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T551 44004-44010 Chemical denotes carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33415
T553 44011-44024 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T554 44088-44094 Chemical denotes carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33415
T556 44458-44466 Chemical denotes hydroxyl http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29191|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_43176
T558 44678-44687 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T559 44720-44729 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
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T561 44780-44789 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
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T563 45002-45010 Chemical denotes molecule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T564 45057-45066 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T565 45197-45201 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T566 45338-45346 Chemical denotes molecule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T567 45545-45550 Chemical denotes amide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29337|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32988
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T570 45835-45846 Chemical denotes benzoxazine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46969
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T572 45868-45883 Chemical denotes antiviral agent http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T573 45911-45913 Chemical denotes CD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_8673
T574 46380-46391 Chemical denotes benzoxazine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46969
T575 46427-46436 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T576 46672-46682 Chemical denotes ethylamine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15862|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_566789
T578 46715-46718 Chemical denotes EPA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28364
T579 46724-46729 Chemical denotes amide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29337|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32988
T581 46804-46807 Chemical denotes EPA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28364
T582 46950-46956 Chemical denotes amines http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32952
T583 47060-47062 Chemical denotes CD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_8673
T584 47079-47081 Chemical denotes CD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_8673
T585 47082-47085 Chemical denotes EPA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28364
T586 47103-47108 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T587 47137-47149 Chemical denotes boronic acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38267
T588 47145-47149 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T589 47151-47153 Chemical denotes BA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38267
T590 47201-47215 Chemical denotes boronic esters http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50979
T591 47209-47215 Chemical denotes esters http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35701
T592 47315-47328 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T593 47336-47342 Chemical denotes silica http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30563
T594 47343-47356 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T595 47493-47495 Chemical denotes CD http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_8673
T596 47516-47534 Chemical denotes phenylboronic acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_44923
T597 47530-47534 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T598 48197-48206 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T599 48313-48321 Chemical denotes radicals http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26519
T600 48435-48444 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T601 48518-48521 Chemical denotes ROS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523
T25972 48678-48682 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T82228 48771-48784 Chemical denotes antimicrobial http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33281
T22257 49021-49030 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T74797 49041-49054 Chemical denotes nucleic acids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696
T49696 49049-49054 Chemical denotes acids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T83493 49059-49067 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T30257 49159-49168 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T39976 49431-49438 Chemical denotes radical http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26519
T10331 49539-49548 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T79577 49689-49696 Chemical denotes radical http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26519
T50966 49903-49910 Chemical denotes aptamer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_140488
T94168 50179-50187 Chemical denotes solution http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_75958
T91464 50470-50481 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
T63052 50560-50576 Chemical denotes antiviral agents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T67337 50626-50635 Chemical denotes hypericin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5835
T4602 50861-50876 Chemical denotes organic sulfate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25704
T5438 50869-50876 Chemical denotes sulfate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16189
T18551 50888-50898 Chemical denotes iron oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50816|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50820
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T74333 50893-50898 Chemical denotes oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25741|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29356
T19090 50899-50921 Chemical denotes magnetic nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_139554
T55225 50908-50921 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T72128 50963-50970 Chemical denotes sulfate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16189
T2686 51298-51300 Chemical denotes HS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74056
T24919 51429-51444 Chemical denotes organic sulfate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25704
T98688 51437-51444 Chemical denotes sulfate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16189
T21772 51460-51468 Chemical denotes graphene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36973
T72651 51486-51488 Chemical denotes HS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74056
T68973 51606-51614 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T57851 51677-51686 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T15203 51716-51723 Chemical denotes sulfate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16189
T84481 51775-51782 Chemical denotes sulfate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16189
T6401 51946-51955 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T89161 51989-51995 Chemical denotes amines http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32952
T27334 52014-52022 Chemical denotes graphene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36973
T48966 52035-52043 Chemical denotes triazine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38056
T26721 52244-52252 Chemical denotes graphene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36973
T69560 52340-52348 Chemical denotes graphene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36973
T70765 52569-52576 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T87241 52695-52699 Chemical denotes salt http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26710
T26666 52832-52845 Chemical denotes boronic acids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38269
T45 52840-52845 Chemical denotes acids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T2269 52875-52882 Chemical denotes epoxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32955
T47 52899-52907 Chemical denotes hydroxyl http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29191|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_43176
T8497 53135-53143 Chemical denotes acceptor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15339
T22188 53144-53152 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T54364 53210-53217 Chemical denotes ligands http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
T31900 53225-53253 Chemical denotes heparan sulfate proteoglycan http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24499
T87105 53225-53240 Chemical denotes heparan sulfate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28815
T40213 53225-53232 Chemical denotes heparan http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24500
T55 53233-53240 Chemical denotes sulfate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16189
T56 53241-53253 Chemical denotes proteoglycan http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37396
T39073 53472-53479 Chemical denotes ligands http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
T16552 53738-53741 Chemical denotes MES http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_39005|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_39010
T61572 53767-53769 Chemical denotes HS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74056
T5123 53771-53773 Chemical denotes Au http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29287
T39535 53774-53777 Chemical denotes MES http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_39005|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_39010
T52900 53784-53786 Chemical denotes Au http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29287
T65 53787-53790 Chemical denotes MES http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_39005|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_39010
T88480 53983-53992 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T26270 54011-54013 Chemical denotes Au http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29287
T26463 54014-54017 Chemical denotes MES http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_39005|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_39010
T76252 54266-54274 Chemical denotes mercapto http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29312
T84322 54301-54308 Chemical denotes ligands http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
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T98960 64120-64139 Chemical denotes protease inhibitors http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37670|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60258
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T63597 65576-65582 Chemical denotes carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33415
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T34657 66248-66257 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
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T38935 66299-66303 Chemical denotes CNTs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50594
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T229 66484-66516 Chemical denotes reverse transcriptase inhibitors http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53756|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59897
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T90252 66506-66516 Chemical denotes inhibitors http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35222
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T246 67157-67160 Chemical denotes PEI http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_144613|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53231
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T8456 67200-67209 Chemical denotes cidofovir http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_134514|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3696|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_530615|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59495
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T8363 71231-71234 Chemical denotes ZnO http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36560
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T81599 71529-71532 Chemical denotes ROS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523
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T5113 71555-71563 Chemical denotes hydroxyl http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29191|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_43176
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T33127 71672-71681 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T16546 71745-71748 Chemical denotes ROS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523
T48087 72072-72075 Chemical denotes ROS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523
T30232 72182-72185 Chemical denotes DNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991
T4807 72309-72312 Chemical denotes ZnO http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36560
T77715 72323-72334 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
T29133 72412-72418 Chemical denotes metals http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33521
T93167 72473-72475 Chemical denotes Fe http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18248
T1123 72477-72479 Chemical denotes Cu http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28694
T343 72485-72487 Chemical denotes Mn http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18291
T25704 72583-72586 Chemical denotes ion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870
T74642 72613-72616 Chemical denotes ROS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523
T346 72626-72635 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T95639 72715-72724 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T91194 72808-72811 Chemical denotes ROS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523
T82804 72841-72844 Chemical denotes ROS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523
T22705 72969-72978 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T60417 73082-73090 Chemical denotes selenium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27568
T98903 73143-73152 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T89247 73231-73239 Chemical denotes radicals http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26519
T99354 73501-73509 Chemical denotes selenium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27568
T42467 73510-73514 Chemical denotes salt http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24866|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26710
T97098 73547-73561 Chemical denotes reducing agent http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63247
T36379 73755-73770 Chemical denotes antiviral drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36044
T359 73755-73764 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T88933 73765-73770 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T47532 73781-73790 Chemical denotes zanamivir http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50663
T10473 73795-73806 Chemical denotes oseltamivir http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_7798
T9167 73811-73821 Chemical denotes amantadine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2618
T364 73830-73839 Chemical denotes ribavirin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63580
T40136 73885-73889 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T44291 73924-73932 Chemical denotes molecule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T50421 73968-73970 Chemical denotes Se http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27568
T368 73971-73974 Chemical denotes ion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870
T92845 74078-74087 Chemical denotes ribavirin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63580
T64477 74269-74274 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T90443 74336-74345 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T27289 74386-74395 Chemical denotes ribavirin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63580
T26698 74397-74399 Chemical denotes Se http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27568
T80179 74400-74403 Chemical denotes RBV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63580
T9733 74485-74488 Chemical denotes RBV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63580
T26045 74500-74502 Chemical denotes Se http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27568
T377 74503-74506 Chemical denotes RBV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63580
T44616 74549-74551 Chemical denotes Se http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27568
T57251 74552-74555 Chemical denotes RBV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63580
T71131 75878-75880 Chemical denotes IL http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072
T15477 75889-75891 Chemical denotes IL http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072
T384 76064-76072 Chemical denotes radicals http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26519
T17721 76160-76163 Chemical denotes ROS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523
T22493 76946-76956 Chemical denotes interferon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52999
T387 76958-76961 Chemical denotes IFN http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52999
T88589 77059-77067 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T40021 77366-77376 Chemical denotes interferon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52999
T81235 77832-77841 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T13527 78675-78684 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T2554 78839-78841 Chemical denotes IL http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072
T84200 79025-79027 Chemical denotes NM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141423
T87382 79583-79588 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T87861 79633-79641 Chemical denotes graphene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36973
T397 79669-79678 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T18062 80347-80351 Chemical denotes Gold http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29287
T5191 80352-80360 Chemical denotes nanorods http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50805
T4290 80473-80481 Chemical denotes nanorods http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50805
T401 80725-80729 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T71308 80730-80738 Chemical denotes carriers http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78059
T51626 80800-80804 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T57140 80912-80926 Chemical denotes antiviral drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36044
T6387 80912-80921 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T95983 80922-80926 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T83659 80950-80959 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T408 80997-81001 Chemical denotes CNTs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50594
T23287 81017-81021 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T410 81348-81357 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T18224 81400-81408 Chemical denotes hydroxyl http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29191|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_43176
T7099 81420-81431 Chemical denotes amino acids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33709
T95980 81420-81425 Chemical denotes amino http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46882
T43429 81426-81431 Chemical denotes acids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T416 81668-81677 Chemical denotes fullerene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T66276 82264-82274 Chemical denotes fullerenes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T418 82752-82755 Chemical denotes ROS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523
T7831 83643-83651 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T25105 83655-83663 Chemical denotes antigens http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T421 83772-83780 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T94550 84037-84050 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T83526 84403-84406 Chemical denotes ZnO http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36560
T42611 84546-84554 Chemical denotes antigens http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T49087 84767-84776 Chemical denotes adjuvants http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60809
T2482 84872-84880 Chemical denotes electron http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_10545
T84943 84902-84905 Chemical denotes ZnO http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36560
T28944 84915-84928 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T429 85186-85190 Chemical denotes base http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22695
T71869 85425-85433 Chemical denotes antigens http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T431 85505-85513 Chemical denotes carriers http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78059
T59578 85534-85539 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T70995 85543-85556 Chemical denotes nucleic acids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33696
T36758 85551-85556 Chemical denotes acids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T435 85576-85585 Chemical denotes fullerene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T25943 85700-85710 Chemical denotes fullerenes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T92155 85767-85776 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T78537 85904-85912 Chemical denotes antigens http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T34519 86200-86207 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T78893 86212-86219 Chemical denotes peptide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16670
T2915 86254-86261 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T90179 86298-86301 Chemical denotes DNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991
T54242 86399-86402 Chemical denotes DNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991
T88871 86514-86523 Chemical denotes adjuvants http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60809
T5137 86645-86648 Chemical denotes DNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991
T33659 86721-86724 Chemical denotes DNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991
T83608 86753-86760 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T89684 86985-86993 Chemical denotes effector http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35224
T93600 87160-87167 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T32583 87171-87178 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T451 87241-87250 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T29983 87429-87440 Chemical denotes pyrrolidine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33135
T26531 87441-87445 Chemical denotes tris http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9754
T22588 87446-87450 Chemical denotes acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527
T20067 87613-87615 Chemical denotes IL http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63895|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74072
T48471 87717-87725 Chemical denotes adjuvant http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60809
T3391 87821-87830 Chemical denotes fullerene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T16718 87868-87873 Chemical denotes atoms http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33250
T80645 87920-87923 Chemical denotes DNA http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16991
T93663 87981-87984 Chemical denotes TEM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27919
T94403 88062-88067 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T39840 88069-88072 Chemical denotes IFN http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52999
T15260 88342-88349 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T465 88624-88632 Chemical denotes carriers http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78059
T10690 88642-88650 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T98587 88863-88870 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T89560 88895-88908 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T74794 89261-89268 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T54879 89269-89277 Chemical denotes carriers http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78059
T471 89539-89546 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T58098 89597-89609 Chemical denotes nanoparticle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T98344 89684-89691 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T74311 89823-89836 Chemical denotes glycoproteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089
T73611 89893-89901 Chemical denotes antigens http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T10437 89995-90002 Chemical denotes epitope http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53000
T56763 90119-90121 Chemical denotes M2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_34827|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_51112
T27712 90131-90138 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T79982 90379-90386 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T1331 90442-90449 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T88129 90732-90741 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T82544 90892-90900 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T40834 91079-91092 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T485 91107-91115 Chemical denotes antigens http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T88591 91392-91400 Chemical denotes proteins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T53986 91414-91422 Chemical denotes antigens http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T27797 91468-91475 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T44734 91536-91540 Chemical denotes AuNP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50825
T86684 91630-91637 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T36176 91765-91772 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T492 91896-91913 Chemical denotes calcium phosphate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_77635|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9679
T38844 91896-91903 Chemical denotes calcium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22984|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29320
T68910 91904-91913 Chemical denotes phosphate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18367|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26020|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35780|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_43474
T46514 91914-91927 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T66653 92012-92019 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T99911 92081-92089 Chemical denotes antigens http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T81558 92173-92183 Chemical denotes iron oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50816|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50820
T4061 92173-92177 Chemical denotes iron http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18248
T45079 92178-92183 Chemical denotes oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25741|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29356
T14367 92194-92201 Chemical denotes mannose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37684
T81178 92232-92241 Chemical denotes B antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_139353
T5490 92234-92241 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T32474 92572-92576 Chemical denotes alum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74768
T15151 92588-92596 Chemical denotes adjuvant http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60809
T86371 92605-92613 Chemical denotes peptides http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16670
T514 92617-92625 Chemical denotes antigens http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T82326 92664-92666 Chemical denotes NM http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141423
T7076 93042-93050 Chemical denotes adjuvant http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60809
T89486 93069-93077 Chemical denotes peptides http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16670
T84988 93081-93089 Chemical denotes antigens http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T865 94004-94020 Chemical denotes antiviral agents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T520 94235-94244 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T65461 94271-94280 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T23145 94355-94364 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T18203 94574-94583 Chemical denotes disulfide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48343
T93911 94609-94622 Chemical denotes nanoparticles http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50803
T75775 94691-94697 Chemical denotes carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33415
T5144 94745-94753 Chemical denotes graphene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36973
T90069 94927-94934 Chemical denotes ligands http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214
T78981 95091-95100 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T90463 95136-95145 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T41677 95191-95200 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T35771 95285-95291 Chemical denotes carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33415
T23097 95309-95318 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T64438 95533-95549 Chemical denotes antiviral agents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T92617 95660-95664 Chemical denotes CNTs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50594
T43270 95669-95679 Chemical denotes fullerenes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33416
T76155 95776-95785 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T16790 95786-95795 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T13385 95814-95823 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T81429 95913-95916 Chemical denotes ROS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523
T46998 96167-96177 Chemical denotes interferon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52999
T98859 96444-96453 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T56094 96454-96463 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T40289 96634-96644 Chemical denotes antivirals http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T98365 96937-96946 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T86189 97059-97063 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T81903 97073-97077 Chemical denotes iron http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18248
T56437 97323-97339 Chemical denotes antiviral agents http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T74841 97414-97418 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T66859 97445-97454 Chemical denotes molecules http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367
T50514 97929-97940 Chemical denotes ferumoxytol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46726
T74441 97955-97959 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888
T43573 98180-98189 Chemical denotes histamine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18295|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_58432
T44644 98432-98438 Chemical denotes corona http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37409
T53431 98641-98648 Chemical denotes antigen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59132
T45202 98887-98898 Chemical denotes application http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232
T26760 99626-99629 Chemical denotes CSC http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53115
T8577 99817-99826 Chemical denotes antiviral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587
T15184 99862-99866 Chemical denotes drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 99939-99954 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T2 100067-100079 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes pathogenesis
T3 100149-100164 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T4 100250-100267 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T5 100250-100267 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T6 100522-100537 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T7 100596-100621 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002456 denotes cellular immune responses
T8 100596-100621 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002449 denotes cellular immune responses
T9 100596-100621 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002443 denotes cellular immune responses
T80802 830-846 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infections
T18352 994-1009 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T15409 3557-3573 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infections
T8262 3642-3659 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T12537 3642-3659 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T59570 4059-4074 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T54648 4161-4177 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune responses
T31377 4366-4377 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042592 denotes homeostasis
T31151 5254-5275 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051701 denotes interaction with host
T10 5450-5479 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903902 denotes activity in viral replication
T11 5462-5479 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T12 5462-5479 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T13 5527-5556 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002253 denotes activation of immune response
T14 5541-5556 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T15 7245-7277 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046718 denotes entry of viruses into host cells
T16 7711-7728 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0018158 denotes protein oxidation
T17 8127-8154 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046718 denotes virus entry into host cells
T18 8133-8148 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044409 denotes entry into host
T19 10989-11004 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T20 12759-12776 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T21 12759-12776 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T22 13156-13183 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046718 denotes viral entry into host cells
T23 13162-13177 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044409 denotes entry into host
T24 13521-13538 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046718 denotes viral penetration
T25 13680-13697 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T26 13680-13697 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T27 13769-13786 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T28 13769-13786 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T29 14461-14470 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006810 denotes transport
T30 14769-14796 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046718 denotes viral entry into host cells
T31 14775-14790 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044409 denotes entry into host
T32 17333-17348 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T33 18850-18865 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042493 denotes drug resistance
T34 19008-19023 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T35 21250-21265 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T36 21769-21776 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007114 denotes budding
T37 22167-22186 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044409 denotes entry into the host
T38 22322-22331 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 denotes synthesis
T39 23215-23235 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0030164 denotes protein denaturation
T40 24520-24551 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046718 denotes viral entry into the host cells
T41 24526-24545 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044409 denotes entry into the host
T42 24705-24720 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061025 denotes membrane fusion
T43 26354-26363 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 denotes synthesis
T44 26375-26383 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0015297 denotes exchange
T45 27114-27121 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042056 denotes attract
T46 28417-28428 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006412 denotes translation
T47 29941-29956 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0061025 denotes membrane fusion
T48 30846-30861 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T49 31191-31200 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 denotes formation
T50 31860-31871 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042592 denotes homeostasis
T51 32362-32377 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T52 32735-32750 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T53 34933-34950 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T54 34933-34950 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T55 35158-35185 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046718 denotes viral entry into host cells
T56 35164-35179 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0044409 denotes entry into host
T57 35864-35879 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T58 36238-36263 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051701 denotes interaction with the host
T59 37112-37121 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 denotes synthesis
T60 37593-37608 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T61 38272-38287 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T62 41626-41635 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 denotes formation
T63 41817-41826 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 denotes synthesis
T64 43046-43067 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051701 denotes interaction with host
T65 45551-45560 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 denotes formation
T66 46735-46744 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 denotes formation
T67 46856-46871 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T68 48407-48423 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infections
T69 48518-48532 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903409 denotes ROS generation
T70 48807-48822 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T71 49439-49448 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 denotes formation
T72 52589-52606 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008015 denotes blood circulation
T73 53038-53053 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T74 53502-53510 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610 denotes behavior
T75 54991-55007 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infections
T76 55759-55767 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610 denotes behavior
T77 58112-58124 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405 denotes pathogenesis
T78 58444-58457 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003968 denotes transcriptase
T79 58444-58457 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003899 denotes transcriptase
T80 58562-58574 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0022831 denotes ion channels
T81 59304-59315 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042592 denotes homeostasis
T82 59353-59370 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T83 59353-59370 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T84 59563-59584 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051701 denotes interacting with host
T85 59701-59712 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042592 denotes homeostasis
T86 60261-60270 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097194 denotes apoptosis
T87 60261-60270 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006915 denotes apoptosis
T88 60458-60467 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097194 denotes apoptosis
T89 60458-60467 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006915 denotes apoptosis
T90 60533-60542 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097194 denotes apoptosis
T91 60533-60542 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006915 denotes apoptosis
T92 60596-60605 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0023052 denotes signaling
T93 60743-60758 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042493 denotes drug resistance
T94 61110-61119 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097194 denotes apoptosis
T95 61110-61119 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006915 denotes apoptosis
T96 61124-61151 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903427 denotes inhibited by ROS generation
T97 61137-61151 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903409 denotes ROS generation
T98 61276-61282 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098739 denotes uptake
T99 61276-61282 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098657 denotes uptake
T100 63498-63515 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T101 63498-63515 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T102 63704-63717 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003968 denotes transcriptase
T103 63704-63717 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003899 denotes transcriptase
T104 64075-64092 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T105 64075-64092 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T106 64243-64260 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T107 64243-64260 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T108 64275-64291 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019075 denotes virus maturation
T109 64483-64500 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T110 64483-64500 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T111 64580-64593 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006351 denotes transcription
T112 64601-64612 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006412 denotes translation
T113 64620-64637 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T114 64620-64637 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T115 64671-64688 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T116 64671-64688 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T117 64848-64865 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T118 64848-64865 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T119 66060-66081 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051701 denotes interaction with host
T120 66492-66505 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003968 denotes transcriptase
T121 66492-66505 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0003899 denotes transcriptase
T122 66562-66573 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0000746 denotes conjugation
T123 69591-69602 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042592 denotes homeostasis
T124 69842-69857 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T125 70165-70181 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infections
T126 70303-70314 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042592 denotes homeostasis
T127 70425-70441 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infections
T128 71281-71296 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T129 71506-71519 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903409 denotes ROS formation
T130 71510-71519 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 denotes formation
T131 71789-71799 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0008219 denotes cell death
T132 72059-72068 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 denotes formation
T133 72116-72133 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T134 72116-72133 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T135 72701-72707 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0040007 denotes growth
T136 73291-73318 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051882 denotes mitochondria depolarization
T137 73946-73955 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 denotes synthesis
T138 74895-74907 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T139 75339-75350 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006412 denotes translation
T140 75613-75628 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T141 75990-76000 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0070269 denotes pyroptosis
T142 76135-76146 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045333 denotes respiration
T143 76135-76146 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007585 denotes respiration
T144 76173-76182 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097194 denotes apoptosis
T145 76173-76182 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006915 denotes apoptosis
T146 76324-76346 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045087 denotes innate immune response
T147 76331-76346 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T148 76363-76378 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T149 76396-76420 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002250 denotes adaptive immune response
T150 76405-76420 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T151 76607-76623 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune responses
T152 76676-76691 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection
T153 76771-76796 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002250 denotes adaptive immune responses
T154 77214-77236 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045087 denotes Innate Immune Response
T155 77221-77236 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes Immune Response
T156 77237-77259 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045087 denotes Innate immune response
T157 77244-77259 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T158 77487-77504 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T159 77487-77504 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T160 77597-77609 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T161 77693-77708 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T162 77958-77980 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045087 denotes innate immune response
T163 77965-77980 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T164 78516-78526 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0065007 denotes regulation
T165 78685-78700 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T166 79310-79327 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T167 79310-79327 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T168 79343-79352 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016236 denotes autophagy
T169 79343-79352 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006914 denotes autophagy
T170 79417-79442 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_1903901 denotes inhibit viral replication
T171 79425-79442 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T172 79425-79442 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T173 79549-79570 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammatory response
T174 79953-79966 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046755 denotes viral budding
T175 79959-79966 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007114 denotes budding
T176 80099-80114 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045087 denotes innate immunity
T177 80270-80305 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002218 denotes activate the innate immune response
T178 80283-80305 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045087 denotes innate immune response
T179 80290-80305 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T180 80387-80409 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045087 denotes innate immune response
T181 80394-80409 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T182 80705-80717 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T183 81099-81105 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098739 denotes uptake
T184 81099-81105 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0098657 denotes uptake
T185 81499-81508 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046903 denotes secretion
T186 81690-81714 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002456 denotes cellular immune response
T187 81690-81714 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002449 denotes cellular immune response
T188 81690-81714 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002443 denotes cellular immune response
T189 81699-81714 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T190 81892-81907 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T191 82089-82104 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T192 82127-82139 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T193 82411-82423 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T194 82732-82744 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954 denotes inflammation
T195 82869-82893 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002250 denotes Adaptive Immune Response
T196 82894-82918 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002250 denotes Adaptive immune response
T197 82903-82918 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T198 83038-83054 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infections
T199 83141-83147 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007613 denotes memory
T200 84507-84520 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007155 denotes cell adhesion
T201 84958-84967 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006810 denotes transport
T202 84968-84977 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 denotes synthesis
T203 86271-86296 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002250 denotes adaptive immune responses
T204 86972-86981 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0023052 denotes signaling
T205 86994-87000 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007613 denotes memory
T206 87008-87023 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T207 87397-87421 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002250 denotes acquired immune response
T208 87406-87421 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T209 87566-87585 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002377 denotes antibody production
T210 90159-90166 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007114 denotes budding
T211 90697-90712 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T212 90841-90848 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007114 denotes budding
T213 94313-94330 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T214 94313-94330 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T215 95559-95580 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0051701 denotes interaction with host
T216 95611-95628 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019079 denotes viral replication
T217 95611-95628 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019058 denotes viral replication
T218 95917-95928 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0042592 denotes homeostasis
T219 95951-95960 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0097194 denotes apoptosis
T220 95951-95960 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006915 denotes apoptosis
T221 96095-96131 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045089 denotes stimulate the innate immune response
T222 96109-96131 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0045087 denotes innate immune response
T223 96116-96131 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T224 96315-96357 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002821 denotes activation of the adaptive immune response
T225 96333-96357 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002250 denotes adaptive immune response
T226 96342-96357 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006955 denotes immune response
T227 96564-96575 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006412 denotes translation
T228 97688-97699 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0065007 denotes regulations
T229 97840-97861 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006956 denotes complement activation
T230 98242-98258 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002524 denotes hypersensitivity
T231 98439-98448 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058 denotes formation
T232 98641-98659 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0019882 denotes antigen presenting
T233 98690-98715 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0002250 denotes adaptive immune responses
T234 99915-99930 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032 denotes viral infection

LitCovid-PD-GlycoEpitope

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue glyco_epitope_db_id
T1 21446-21461 GlycoEpitope denotes heparan sulfate http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0086
T2 21463-21465 GlycoEpitope denotes HS http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0086
T3 21596-21598 GlycoEpitope denotes HS http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0086
T4 33177-33179 GlycoEpitope denotes HS http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0086
T5 51298-51300 GlycoEpitope denotes HS http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0086
T6 51486-51488 GlycoEpitope denotes HS http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0086
T7 53225-53240 GlycoEpitope denotes heparan sulfate http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0086
T8 53767-53769 GlycoEpitope denotes HS http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0086
T9 57698-57713 GlycoEpitope denotes heparan sulfate http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0086

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-45 Sentence denotes Hard Nanomaterials in Time of Viral Pandemics
T2 47-55 Sentence denotes Abstract
T3 56-159 Sentence denotes The SARS-Cov-2 pandemic has spread worldwide during 2020, setting up an uncertain start of this decade.
T4 160-367 Sentence denotes The measures to contain infection taken by many governments have been extremely severe by imposing home lockdown and industrial production shutdown, making this the biggest crisis since the second world war.
T5 368-500 Sentence denotes Additionally, the continuous colonization of wild natural lands may touch unknown virus reservoirs, causing the spread of epidemics.
T6 501-705 Sentence denotes Apart from SARS-Cov-2, the recent history has seen the spread of several viral pandemics such as H2N2 and H3N3 flu, HIV, and SARS, while MERS and Ebola viruses are considered still in a prepandemic phase.
T7 706-847 Sentence denotes Hard nanomaterials (HNMs) have been recently used as antimicrobial agents, potentially being next-generation drugs to fight viral infections.
T8 848-1010 Sentence denotes HNMs can block infection at early (disinfection, entrance inhibition) and middle (inside the host cells) stages and are also able to mitigate the immune response.
T9 1011-1081 Sentence denotes This review is focused on the application of HNMs as antiviral agents.
T10 1082-1255 Sentence denotes In particular, mechanisms of actions, biological outputs, and limitations for each HNM will be systematically presented and analyzed from a material chemistry point-of-view.
T11 1256-1346 Sentence denotes The antiviral activity will be discussed in the context of the different pandemic viruses.
T12 1347-1495 Sentence denotes We acknowledge that HNM antiviral research is still at its early stage, however, we believe that this field will rapidly blossom in the next period.
T13 1497-1596 Sentence denotes The current emergence caused by SARS-Cov-2 is dramatically changing the everyday life of all of us.
T14 1597-1729 Sentence denotes Due to the high globalization, new viruses can spread all over the world much faster than ever, infecting the communities worldwide.
T15 1730-1824 Sentence denotes The current technologies and measurements are able to sensibly slow down the infection spread.
T16 1825-1974 Sentence denotes However, their cost is tremendously high, impacting the healthcare systems and causing the shutdown of industries and the lockdown of the population.
T17 1975-2243 Sentence denotes The impact of SARS-Cov-2 on the worldwide economy is estimated to be a 2–3% decline, making this the biggest crisis since the world wars.1 A possible vaccine is hopefully expected to come in 1–2 years, originating a buffer period pretty much uncertain for many people.
T18 2244-2358 Sentence denotes Vaccination is the only way known to accelerate the flock immunity without causing further death by this pandemic.
T19 2359-2611 Sentence denotes Contemporary history has seen the spread of other viral pandemics such as H2N2 flu (1956–1958), H3N3 flu (1968), HIV (peak reached between 2005 and 2012), SARS (2009), while MERS (2012 to now) and Ebola (1975 to now) viruses are in a prepandemic phase.
T20 2612-2739 Sentence denotes The continuous colonization of wild nature lands may touch unknown virus reservoirs causing the spread of contagious epidemics.
T21 2740-3074 Sentence denotes Due to these facts, there is a clear urgency in the development of viral treatments to avoid the risk of new pandemics.2 In particular, the possibility to have smart antiviral tools able to efficiently disinfect surfaces, block the viral spreading, enhance the survival of infected people, and boost immunization are highly desirable.
T22 3075-3164 Sentence denotes In particular, more investments in the next years are expected in the antiviral research.
T23 3165-3780 Sentence denotes Hard nanomaterials (HNMs) have been extensively studied for many types of applications including drug delivery, bioimaging, and biosensing.3−5 The use of nanomaterials in biomedical research is highly developed, reaching in some cases clinical approval.6 Despite that, nanomaterials have been mainly developed for cancer therapy, while scarce attention has been spent on their application in viral infections.7 The continuous virology research has more and more increased into viral replication machinery, allowing the preparation and rationalization of more sophisticated vaccine formulations and viral inhibitors.
T24 3781-3917 Sentence denotes The use of HNMs may be one of the keys to provide more effective biomedical agents with a wide spectrum of activity in viral pandemics.8
T25 3918-4018 Sentence denotes An increasing number of reports describe how HNMs can be successfully applied to block viral spread.
T26 4019-4178 Sentence denotes HNMs can be used at different stages of viral infection: blocking viral entry, hampering interaction with infected host cells, and modulating immune responses.
T27 4179-4401 Sentence denotes Due to their core composition (e.g., metal oxides, noble metals), HNMs can have an important antiviral activity inactivating some specific proteins of the capsid or dysregulating radical homeostasis in the virus particles.
T28 4402-4564 Sentence denotes Additionally, surface functionalization can sensibly increase HNM antiviral activity, enabling the mimicking of host cells or enhancing the targeting efficiency.9
T29 4565-4677 Sentence denotes In this review, we will critically analyze different strategies for the application of HNMs as antiviral agents.
T30 4678-4786 Sentence denotes The rational and the synthetic strategies will be highlighted and correlated to different relevant examples.
T31 4787-4897 Sentence denotes Particular attention will be paid on the mechanisms of antiviral action and on HNM applicability and efficacy.
T32 4898-5061 Sentence denotes For the sake of clarity, this review is divided into three parts, namely: blocking viral entry, antiviral activity in host cells, and stimulation of immune system.
T33 5062-5115 Sentence denotes We have focused on the different stages of infection.
T34 5116-5300 Sentence denotes In the section dedicated to blocking viral entry, the application of HNMs for surface disinfection and inactivation of the virus prior to interaction with host cells will be described.
T35 5301-5520 Sentence denotes Subsequently, the interaction of HNMs after internalization into host cells will be addressed, stressing their antiviral delivery features and their activity in viral replication blockage, leading to host cell survival.
T36 5521-5662 Sentence denotes Then, activation of immune response induced by HNMs, triggering the innate and the adaptive (e.g., nanovaccines) immunity, will be presented.
T37 5663-5830 Sentence denotes The different adopted strategies will be correlated to the nanomaterial core (e.g., composition, size, shape) and surface (e.g., chemistry, surface charge) properties.
T38 5831-6086 Sentence denotes Finally, limits (e.g., unknown long-term toxicity), advantages (e.g., high and wide spectrum virucidal activity), and perspectives will be discussed with particular attention to the applications in viral pandemics (e.g., HIV, SARS, and influenza viruses).
T39 6087-6193 Sentence denotes This review is addressed to material and biomaterials scientists who are interested in antiviral research.
T40 6194-6358 Sentence denotes We acknowledge that application of HNMs as antiviral agents is still in the early stages; however, we believe that the research on this topic is going to grow soon.
T41 6359-6492 Sentence denotes Thus, with this contribution we genuinely hope to inspire researchers in the preparation of smart and efficient HNM antiviral agents.
T42 6494-6514 Sentence denotes Blocking Viral Entry
T43 6515-6595 Sentence denotes The last decades have been characterized by increasing investigation on viruses.
T44 6596-6774 Sentence denotes In particular, their surface charge, protein composition, and host cell entry mechanism have been elucidated, allowing to formulate the first-generation wide spectrum antivirals.
T45 6775-6894 Sentence denotes Blocking the viral entry is one of the most common known antimicrobial procedure to stop infections at the early stage.
T46 6895-7021 Sentence denotes In this context, antiviral materials have been used for surface disinfection or for epidemic limitation in humans and animals.
T47 7022-7187 Sentence denotes Due to their high surface to volume ratio, composition, and tunable surface chemistry, HNMs are now more and more studied as powerful agents in blocking viral entry.
T48 7188-7521 Sentence denotes As for other biological interactions, the attachment and entry of viruses into host cells are mediated by multivalent interactions between the surface of the virus and cell surface receptors.10 Nanomaterials can display multivalency that makes them able to compete with the host cells on virus attachment, limiting their infectivity.
T49 7522-7607 Sentence denotes The mechanism of antiviral actions relies on the inactivation of the capsid proteins.
T50 7608-7807 Sentence denotes As a matter of fact, HNMs have been used for: (1) blocking target proteins for viral entry, (2) capsid protein oxidation, (3) mimicking cell surface, and (4) mechanical rupture of viruses (Figure 1).
T51 7808-7960 Sentence denotes These strategies target proteins and mechanisms of entry common in most of the viruses, thus allowing the preparation of wide spectrum antiviral agents.
T52 7961-8068 Sentence denotes In this section, the application of different HNMs as powerful inhibitors of viral entry will be discussed.
T53 8069-8238 Sentence denotes Figure 1 Illustration of the main mechanisms of blocking virus entry into host cells: capsid denaturation, mimicking cell surface, and mechanical breaking of the virus.
T54 8240-8259 Sentence denotes Noble Nanoparticles
T55 8260-8440 Sentence denotes Noble nanoparticles (NPs), made of gold and silver, are attractive as antiviral agents for their surface functionalization versatility and their capacity to cleave disulfide bonds.
T56 8441-8527 Sentence denotes Their use in disinfection has been extensively studied for different types of viruses.
T57 8528-8684 Sentence denotes The morphology and the size of the NPs play a crucial role in their ability to efficiently interact with the capsids and in their toxicity for the organism.
T58 8685-8811 Sentence denotes These nanomaterials are characterized by a very large specific surface area (inversely proportional to the particle diameter).
T59 8812-8970 Sentence denotes As the particle size becomes smaller and smaller, the percentage of surface atoms increases, creating many unsaturated bonds due to lack of neighboring atoms.
T60 8971-9050 Sentence denotes As a consequence, AgNPs and AuNPs have unstable atoms with high surface energy.
T61 9051-9163 Sentence denotes This kind of structure provides a lot of contact adsorption sites and reaction points for further modifications.
T62 9164-9269 Sentence denotes These chemical features allow to easily combine surface NP atoms with other atoms through chemical bonds.
T63 9270-9401 Sentence denotes Besides the composition of the metal core, several studies have pointed out the importance of the control of the surface chemistry.
T64 9402-9551 Sentence denotes The surface groups can: (1) stabilize NPs in the biological media, (2) insert targeting agents, and (3) enhance the circulation time inside the body.
T65 9552-9731 Sentence denotes Antiviral efficiency can be also enhanced by the multivalency effect, where highly branched ligands are used to locally augment the local concentration of the targeting molecules.
T66 9732-9883 Sentence denotes In this section the main strategies and results for silver (AgNPs) and gold (AuNPs) nanoparticles in blocking viral entry will be critically discussed.
T67 9885-9905 Sentence denotes Silver Nanoparticles
T68 9906-10037 Sentence denotes Many studies have shown that naked AgNPs have a good effect on the control and prevention of a variety of viral diseases (Table 1).
T69 10038-10102 Sentence denotes However, the antiviral mechanism of nanosilver is still unclear.
T70 10103-10168 Sentence denotes The antiviral action is associated with the following mechanisms:
T71 10169-10349 Sentence denotes Nanosilver can prevent the virus from entering the host cells and inhibit the virus from binding to the cell receptor, thereby stopping the virus from infecting the targeted cells.
T72 10350-10497 Sentence denotes AgNPs may be able to bind the viral surface protein and inhibit the interaction between the virus and the cell membrane receptors (Figure 2, left).
T73 10498-10722 Sentence denotes However, it has been also reported that AgNPs can inactivate the virus through denaturation of surface proteins containing cysteine and methionine residues present on the viral capsid, in a similar way reported for bacteria.
T74 10723-11170 Sentence denotes For example, AgNPs smaller than 10 nm were shown to interact with the sulfur-bearing residues of gp120 glycoprotein knobs distributed on the lipid membrane of HIV-1 virus, preventing the virus from binding to CD4 receptor site on the host cells, thus inhibiting the viral infection.11 By means of a viral adsorption assay, it was shown that the AgNP mechanism of anti-HIV action is based on the inhibition of the initial stages of the HIV-1 cycle.
T75 11171-11423 Sentence denotes To demonstrate that the antiviral effect of AgNPs is due to the particle structure rather than to silver ions present in solution, the antiviral activity of silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) and silver nitrate (known antibacterial silver salts) was evaluated.
T76 11424-11814 Sentence denotes Both salts showed a much lower therapeutic index than AgNPs in vitro, indicating that silver ions themselves are less efficient.12 These results point out that the antiviral efficacy is not only related to the dose of Ag+ ions present in solution but is also regulated by different other parameters (e.g., size, charge, and surface functionalization) associated with the nanosize dimension.
T77 11815-12164 Sentence denotes For instance, in the case of Herpesviridae and Paramyxoviridae viruses (both enveloped viruses with embedded viral-encoded glycoproteins), AgNPs can effectively reduce their infectivity, by blocking the interaction between the viral particles and the host cells with an antiviral activity strictly dependent on the size and ζ potential of the AgNPs.
T78 12165-12263 Sentence denotes As a general observation, it was reported that smaller nanoparticles have better antiviral effect.
T79 12264-12660 Sentence denotes This effect was associated with the increase of the surface area, where smaller-sized AgNPs could bind more efficiently to the viral particles exerting a higher antiviral activity.13 Another study reported the impairment of Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) replication after incubating infectious viral particles with AgNPs, which did not exhibit any virucidal effect even up to 900 μg/mL.
T80 12661-12797 Sentence denotes This result suggested that the anti-PPRV activity of the AgNPs is due to the inhibitory effect on viral replication in the target cells.
T81 12798-12904 Sentence denotes AgNPs do not prevent the binding of PPRV to host cells, but inhibit the entry of viruses into these cells.
T82 12905-13073 Sentence denotes AgNPs can also interact with the surface and core of PPRV, but this interaction cannot kill the virus directly.12 The same results were then confirmed on other viruses.
T83 13074-13184 Sentence denotes AgNPs with a diameter of 25 nm inhibited Vaccinia virus replication by preventing viral entry into host cells.
T84 13185-13351 Sentence denotes However, AgNPs cannot prevent the virus from adsorbing onto the cells, and this virus is still infectious, indicating that AgNPs lack a direct virus-killing effect.13
T85 13352-13787 Sentence denotes Figure 2 Potential antiviral mechanism of AgNPs. (1) AgNPs interact with viral envelope and/or viral surface proteins; (2) AgNPs interact with cell membranes and block viral penetration; (3) AgNPs block cellular pathways of viral entry; (4) AgNPs interact with viral genome; (5) AgNPs interact with viral factors necessary for viral replication; and (6) AgNPs interact with cellular factors necessary for productive viral replication.
T86 13788-13829 Sentence denotes Reproduced with permission from ref (14).
T87 13830-13864 Sentence denotes Copyright 2016 Taylor and Francis.
T88 13865-13929 Sentence denotes Table 1 Antiviral AgNPs and Their Possible Mechanisms of Action
T89 13930-14001 Sentence denotes virus shape size (nm) active concentration mechanism of action ref
T90 14002-14064 Sentence denotes HIV-1 spherical 1–10 25 μg/mL interaction with gp120 (11)
T91 14065-14126 Sentence denotes HIV-1 IIIB – 30–50 440 μg/mL interaction with gp120 (19)
T92 14127-14252 Sentence denotes HSV-1, HSV-2, and HPIV-3 – 20–50 not available possible interaction directly with the viral envelope or its protein (20)
T93 14253-14360 Sentence denotes Adenovirus type 3 spherical 5–18 25 μg/mL direct destruction of virus particles and DNA structure (15)
T94 14361-14522 Sentence denotes H1N1 influenza A virus spherical 5–20 12.5 μg/mL inhibition of respiratory enzymes and electron transport components and interference with DNA function (21)
T95 14523-14630 Sentence denotes HBV spherical 10–50 5 μM interaction with double-stranded DNA and/or binding with viral particles (16)
T96 14631-14711 Sentence denotes PPRV spherical 5–30 11.1 μg/mL interaction with virus surface and core (12)
T97 14712-14802 Sentence denotes Vaccinia virus spherical 25 not available preventing viral entry into host cells (13)
T98 14803-14903 Sentence denotes Monkey pox virus (MPV) – 10–80 12.5 μg/mL blocking virus-host cell binding and penetration (22)
T99 14904-14996 Sentence denotes Tacaribe virus (TCRV) – 5–10 25 μg/mL inactivation of virus particles before entry (23)
T100 14997-15108 Sentence denotes Poliovirus spherical 4–9 3.1 ppm preventing viral particles from binding to the receptors of RD cells (24)
T101 15109-15222 Sentence denotes TGEV spherical <20 12.5 μg/mL direct interaction with TGEV surface protein, such as TGEV S glycoprotein (18)
T102 15223-15242 Sentence denotes linear 60000–80000
T103 15243-15440 Sentence denotes linear 20000–30000 Alternatively, nanosilver can be combined with viral nucleic acids to change the capsid structure, affect the replication of viral genetic material, and make the virus inactive.
T104 15441-15876 Sentence denotes For example, TEM analyses have shown that NPs can cause a change of the structure of the Ad3 virus from a hexahedral shape to an irregular shape, destroying its fibers and capsid proteins, leading to inhibition of the virus from binding to the host cells and destroying the DNA structure, preventing adenoviral infection.15 Nanosilver can also bind directly to the double-stranded DNA of hepatitis B virus to inhibit its replication.16
T105 15877-15994 Sentence denotes In other studies, it has been demonstrated that silver ions released from nanosilver can directly damage the viruses.
T106 15995-16064 Sentence denotes Based in this property, an interesting application has been proposed.
T107 16065-16193 Sentence denotes AgNPs were used as a coating on polyurethane condoms, effectively inhibiting the activity of HIV and herpes simplex virus (HSV).
T108 16194-16354 Sentence denotes The hypothesized mechanism is that silver ions are transferred directly from oxidized NPs to biological targets, such as viral membrane proteins gp120 and gp41.
T109 16355-16478 Sentence denotes In addition, a small amount of silver ion is also released from the coated contraceptives to improve the antiviral level.17
T110 16479-16705 Sentence denotes Although the studies on naked AgNPs to reduce viral infectivity have shown their potential as broad-spectrum antiviral agents, the understanding of the specific antiviral action mechanism still needs to be elucidated in depth.
T111 16706-16991 Sentence denotes Many studies have shown that the antiviral performance of naked AgNPs is related to their size, and smaller nanoparticles have better antiviral activities.16 In addition to particle size, the antiviral action of AgNP morphology has also attracted interest to fight against coronavirus.
T112 16992-17187 Sentence denotes AgNPs and two types of silver nanowires were able to significantly cause an inhibitory effect on coronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis (TGEV)-induced host cell infection and TGEV replication.
T113 17188-17349 Sentence denotes The mechanism is likely based on a direct interaction of AgNPs with TGEV surface proteins (e.g., TGEV glycoproteins) to inhibit the beginning of viral infection.
T114 17350-17526 Sentence denotes It is possible that AgNPs and Ag nanowires alter the structure of some surface proteins of TGEV and then inhibit their recognition and adhesion to the cellular receptor pAPN.18
T115 17527-17732 Sentence denotes Although the potential of AgNPs as antiviral agents has been commonly recognized, unfortunately, their wide biological applications are limited by the risks of self-aggregation and environmental pollution.
T116 17733-17963 Sentence denotes Silver ions can be released from the surface of AgNPs and potentially pollute the environment, and their agglomeration into bulkier particles or fibers may change their biological characteristics, diminishing the antiviral effect.
T117 17964-18218 Sentence denotes In several cases, it has been reported that naked AgNPs may affect human health.25 Therefore, research and development of AgNPs whose surface is modified or stabilized by protecting molecular layers is an urgent need to overcome these problems (Table 2).
T118 18219-18299 Sentence denotes Poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP) is the most commonly used stabilizer of AgNPs.
T119 18300-18905 Sentence denotes The PVP-coated AgNPs are able to inhibit the activities of HIV-1, herpes simplex 2 virus (HSV-2), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).11,26,27 But compared to foamy carbon, small-sized PVP and BSA-coated AgNPs showed poor antiviral activity to the HIV-1 virus.11 For RSV, PVP-coated AgNPs have a specific binding capacity to the viral surface, evidencing a regular spatial arrangement and a clear interaction with G-protein.26 In addition, to improve the stability of AgNPs, their surface modification with antiviral drugs was proved to reduce the drug resistance caused by the drugs administered alone.
T120 18906-19003 Sentence denotes Tannic acid-modified AgNPs showed good antiviral effects on HSV-2 infection in vitro and in vivo.
T121 19004-19097 Sentence denotes The viral infection was inhibited only when these NPs directly interacted with HSV-2 virions.
T122 19098-19184 Sentence denotes Indeed, the pretreatment of host cells with such AgNPs did inhibit the entry of HSV-2.
T123 19185-19422 Sentence denotes Due to the high affinity of tannins to proteins and sugars, tannic acid can bind glycoproteins on the surface of viruses to make them inert, impairing glycoprotein function and preventing viruses from attaching and entering host cells.28
T124 19423-19498 Sentence denotes Table 2 Surface-Modified Antiviral AgNPs and Possible Mechanisms of Action
T125 19499-19557 Sentence denotes virus shape size (nm) coating mechanism of action ref
T126 19558-19637 Sentence denotes HIV-1 spherical 1–10 foamy carbon, PVP and BSA interaction with gp120 (11)
T127 19638-19760 Sentence denotes RSV spherical – PVP, BSA, and recombinant F protein (RF 412) interaction with the G-protein on the virus surface (26)
T128 19761-19879 Sentence denotes H1N1 influenza virus spherical 2–5 Oseltamivir inhibition of the activity of neuraminidase and hemagglutinin (34)
T129 19880-19896 Sentence denotes Amantadine (35)
T130 19897-19912 Sentence denotes Zanamivir (36)
T131 19913-19978 Sentence denotes inhibition of accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)    
T132 19979-20094 Sentence denotes HAV, NoV and CoxB4 spherical – polyphosphonium-oligochitosans preventing viral attachment and penetration (29)
T133 20095-20188 Sentence denotes MPV spherical 10–80 polysaccharide blocking virus-host cell binding and penetration (22)
T134 20189-20278 Sentence denotes TCRV spherical 10 polysaccharide inactivation of virus particles prior to entry (23)
T135 20279-20383 Sentence denotes HSV-1 spherical 4 mercaptoethanesulfonate competition for the binding of the virus to the cell (30)
T136 20384-20521 Sentence denotes Enterovirus 71 (EV71) spherical 2–5 PEI and antiviral siRNA inhibition of the accumulation of ROS and activation of AKT and p53 (37)
T137 20522-20718 Sentence denotes HSV-2 spherical 13, 33, 46 tannic acid direct interaction and blocking of virus attachment, penetration and spread (28) The surface modification can also exert a synergistic antiviral effect.
T138 20719-20857 Sentence denotes AgNPs decorated with polyphosphonium-oligochitosan (PQPOC) exhibited moderate to excellent antiviral activity against HAV, NoV, and CoxB4.
T139 20858-20967 Sentence denotes In addition, AgNPs could interact with the virion glycoproteins and prevent viral attachment and penetration.
T140 20968-21209 Sentence denotes PQPOC can also serve as an effective virus inhibitor by blocking the interaction of the targeted virus with the host through the electrostatic interaction between the cationic polymers and the negatively charged binding sites of the virus.29
T141 21210-21306 Sentence denotes Surface-modified AgNPs can also prevent viral infection by competitive adsorption on host cells.
T142 21307-21483 Sentence denotes The process of infection of cells by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) involves the interaction between viral envelope glycoproteins and heparan sulfate (HS) on cell surface.
T143 21484-21686 Sentence denotes Therefore, researchers designed AgNPs capped with mercaptoethanesulfonate (Ag-MES) to compete with the cellular HS through the sulfonate end groups, thereby blocking the virus from entering the cells.30
T144 21687-22193 Sentence denotes A few years ago, it was shown that curcumin could prevent the replication and the budding of RSV,31 but the disadvantage of poor solubility and low bioavailability limited its clinical application.32 Curcumin was used as a reducing and capping agent to prepare stable curcumin AgNPs (cAgNPs) under physiological conditions. cAgNPs could reduce cytopathic effects induced by RSV and showed efficient antiviral activity against infection by directly inactivating the virus prior to entry into the host cells.
T145 22194-22279 Sentence denotes Its antiviral effect was higher than curcumin alone or unmodified AgNPs (Figure 3).33
T146 22280-22413 Sentence denotes Figure 3 Schematic representation of the synthesis of cAgNPs (A) and a proposed inhibition mode of cAgNPs against RSV infection (B).
T147 22414-22592 Sentence denotes The inhibition mode of (B) shows that cAgNPs can reduce the binding ability of virus with the binding centers on the surface of cells (b) as compared to those without cAgNPs (a).
T148 22593-22634 Sentence denotes Reproduced with permission from ref (33).
T149 22635-22674 Sentence denotes Copyright 2016 Royal Chemistry Society.
T150 22675-22832 Sentence denotes Alternatively, Zhu et al. prepared AgNPs surface-modified with oseltamivir, amantadine, and zanamivir (Ag@OTV,34 Ag@AM,35 and Ag@ZNV36), by chemical methods.
T151 22833-22953 Sentence denotes The results showed that these nanoparticles can directly interact with the virions, resulting in viral function damages.
T152 22954-23037 Sentence denotes Overall different studies have reported the capacity of AgNPs to block viral entry.
T153 23038-23236 Sentence denotes However, there is not a concerted antiviral mechanism, but their activity differs from case to case, based on viral particle adsorption, capsid structure alteration, or surface protein denaturation.
T154 23237-23467 Sentence denotes For AgNPs, the antiviral activity can be associated with different parameters including size, shape, surface charge, and functionalization but also to the topical release of silver ions able to disturb the viral cycle replication.
T155 23468-23645 Sentence denotes As described before, bare AgNPs can be used as disinfectant agents, however their use in biological media is limited by their low colloidal stability and potential cytotoxicity.
T156 23646-23830 Sentence denotes Surface functionalization can alleviate cytotoxicity, but it can also mask the nanoparticle surface, reducing their affinity for viral particles, thus reducing AgNP antiviral activity.
T157 23831-23956 Sentence denotes For these reasons, AgNPs at the moment could find application mainly for surface disinfection and for topical administration.
T158 23957-24047 Sentence denotes Further studies are needed to prepare safer AgNP formulations for systemic administration.
T159 24048-24301 Sentence denotes In particular, the clarification of the antiviral mechanisms and the use of surface functional groups able to stabilize AgNPs in biological fluids without affecting their prominent antiviral activity are probably the most important challenges to tackle.
T160 24303-24321 Sentence denotes Gold Nanoparticles
T161 24322-24552 Sentence denotes Compared to AgNPs, AuNPs exhibit reduced toxicity on healthy cells, making them more attractive for in vivo and clinical applications.38 Indeed, AuNPs have been successfully tested as inhibitors of viral entry into the host cells.
T162 24553-24750 Sentence denotes AuNPs interact with hemagglutinin (HA), where Au is able to oxidize the disulfide bond of this glycoprotein causing its inactivation, thus impeding the membrane fusion of the virus with host cells.
T163 24751-25212 Sentence denotes Targeting HA has emerged as an alternative strategy to the actual therapies (e.g., matrix protein 2 and neuramidase), especially to pandemic viruses that show an accelerated mutation speed of their surface proteins, hence a resistance to conventional treatments increasing their infectivity and mortality.38 This strategy has been applied to influenza (e.g., H1N1, HCV) and herpes viruses.39−44 The activity of AuNPs is proportional to the surface area exposed.
T164 25213-25330 Sentence denotes As a consequence, the size and the morphology of these metal NPs play a substantial role in their antiviral activity.
T165 25331-25649 Sentence denotes Recently, Kim et al. have reported that porous AuNPs are able to inhibit influenza A infection more efficiently than nonporous AuNPs.39 This effect has been associated with the higher surface area of the porous material that favors their interaction with capsids and thus increases their antiviral activity (Figure 4).
T166 25650-25759 Sentence denotes Figure 4 Schematic illustration of inactivation of influenza A virus (IAV) treated with porous AuNP (PoGNP).
T167 25760-25836 Sentence denotes PoGNP interacts with IAV surface proteins and cleaves their disulfide bonds.
T168 25837-25892 Sentence denotes Inactivated viruses exhibit lower infectivity to cells.
T169 25893-25973 Sentence denotes Reproduced with permission under a Creative Commons CC-BY license from ref (39).
T170 25974-26026 Sentence denotes Copyright 2020 BioMed Central Ltd., Springer Nature.
T171 26027-26168 Sentence denotes Besides the per se antiviral activity, AuNP surface modifications have been developed in order to enhance their overall therapeutic benefits.
T172 26169-26287 Sentence denotes The engineering of tailored AuNPs with selected ligands has allowed the preparation of efficient antiviral nanoagents.
T173 26288-26418 Sentence denotes The target ligands can be introduced directly during the particle synthesis via ligand exchange reactions or ligand modifications.
T174 26419-26906 Sentence denotes For instance, direct reduction of gold ions in the presence of gallic acid produced homogeneous AuNPs able to sensibly reduce herpes simplex virus infection in vitro.40 Compared to free ligand NPs, functionalized AuNPs benefit from the multivalency effect and higher circulation times, decreasing the needed therapeutic concentrations.39 Functionalized AuNPs can present organic groups that mimic host cell surfaces or other specific molecular patterns that selectively target the virus.
T175 26907-27029 Sentence denotes Normally, negative charges are used to mimic cell surfaces and favor the interaction between the particles and the capsid.
T176 27030-27521 Sentence denotes In particular, sulfonates and organic sulfates have been used for their capacity to attract the virus via capsid protein interaction and block the HA activity.41 AuNPs functionalized with sulfonates showed an increasing inhibition of influenza A compared to the nanoparticles capped with succinic acid.42 This study also demonstrated that there is not a correlation between the negative charge and the antiviral activity, but instead the inhibition depends mainly on the organic groups used.
T177 27522-27710 Sentence denotes Thiol-capped AuNPs also displayed powerful inactivation of bovine viral diarrhea virus in vitro.43 Multivalency has been exploited in more complex systems using dendrons as capping agents.
T178 27711-27893 Sentence denotes This strategy allows to generate higher concentrations of the target ligand in close proximity to the AuNPs and to increase the binding efficiency of the nanoparticles to the capsid.
T179 27894-28010 Sentence denotes The driving force of the antiviral efficiency relies on the concentration of the targeting agent onto the particles.
T180 28011-28188 Sentence denotes Sulfonated dendrons were grafted to AuNPs via a sulfide bond and tested for HIV inhibition.44 The results showed that the decorated AuNPs exerted a higher affinity to the virus.
T181 28189-28429 Sentence denotes Additionally, comparing AuNPs functionalized with different generation dendrons, those with a third generation displayed the highest inhibition performance with an IC50 below 0.1 μmol/mL, thus making them attractive for in vivo translation.
T182 28430-28896 Sentence denotes It is worth noting that the inhibition efficiency is strictly dependent on the available sulfonate groups present on the surface of the NPs, making crucial a thorough characterization of the material.44 The size of the AuNPs clearly plays an important role in the concentration of targeting ligands exposed per particle.45 Indeed, too big NPs have a limited surface area, while too small would not allow an efficient grafting of the dendrons due to steric hindrance.
T183 28897-29095 Sentence denotes For instance, it has been shown that dendron-functionalized AuNPs showed a size-dependent antiviral activity for influenza virus, where 14 nm particles exhibited a higher efficiency than 2 nm AuNPs.
T184 29096-29272 Sentence denotes This has been associated with the low functionalization grade of the small nanoparticles and to the inappropriate spatial distribution of the interacting ligand/receptor pairs.
T185 29273-29378 Sentence denotes The development of viral proteomics has profoundly transformed the antiviral and disinfection strategies.
T186 29379-29500 Sentence denotes In particular, small molecules and peptides able to target and block the viral biochemical machinery have been developed.
T187 29501-29682 Sentence denotes However, despite these efforts into the drug design, many of these molecules suffer from poor biological effect, low concentration in the diseased areas, and undesired side effects.
T188 29683-29825 Sentence denotes In this context, AuNPs have been coupled to biologically inactive small molecules to create biologically active multivalent AuNP therapeutics.
T189 29826-30124 Sentence denotes A bright example has been reported by Bowman et al., where the authors functionalized AuNPs with SDC-1721, a small membrane fusion inhibitor of HIV.46 The results demonstrated that, while pure SDC-1721 has low activity, functionalized AuNPs are able to inhibit HIV replication at μM concentrations.
T190 30125-30185 Sentence denotes Similar results have been reported using targeting peptides.
T191 30186-30401 Sentence denotes In particular, it was evidenced that the functionalized AuNPs can sensibly reduce the IC50 up to 2 orders of magnitude compared to pure peptides.47 Preliminary results in vivo confirmed the biosafety of the AuNPs.48
T192 30403-30451 Sentence denotes Nanoparticles Generating Reactive Oxygen Species
T193 30452-30642 Sentence denotes One of the main advantages of using NPs compared to oxidized metals relies on the slow release of ions and clusters from these particles, leading to an enhancement of the antiviral activity.
T194 30643-30877 Sentence denotes Additionally, the use of metal NPs containing Cu or Fe in ionic form catalyzes the generation of radicals via Fenton and Fenton-like reactions oxidizing the capsid proteins and consequently blocking the viral infection at early stage.
T195 30878-31580 Sentence denotes For instance, copper ions (derived from sulfates or iodide salts) have been widely used as antiviral agents because of their activity on several kinds of enveloped and non-enveloped viruses including influenza virus,49−51 herpes simplex virus52−54 and hepatitis A virus.55 Their mechanism of action relies on the formation of Cu+ ions (from soluble salts or nanoparticles) that generate hydroxyl radicals.56 The use of metallic copper nanostructures in the form of particles or sheets has shown only a moderate efficiency due to the low concentration and low release of Cu+.56 For these reasons, Cu+ salts, where the copper ions are readily present in their active monocationic form, have been favored.
T196 31581-32107 Sentence denotes In particular, CuI nanoparticles (stable at room temperature) have been extensively studied for deactivation of feline calicivirus56 and H1N1 pandemic influenza virus.57 However, the use of copper salts at high concentrations can irreversibly alter reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis of healthy cells, provoking a general toxicity for the organism, limiting their applications to disinfection.56 Nanostructured cuprous and cupric oxides have been also extensively employed as antiviral agents for in vitro applications.
T197 32108-32317 Sentence denotes For instance, cuprous oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) were successfully employed against hepatitis C.58 In particular, it was found that these NPs exerted a favorable antiviral activity with no cytotoxic effects.
T198 32318-32406 Sentence denotes CuONPs target the binding and entry step of viral infection to hepatic cells (Figure 5).
T199 32407-32545 Sentence denotes Similar results were reported on the use of CuONPs against HSV-1, however without any profound investigation on the antiviral mechanism.59
T200 32546-32688 Sentence denotes Figure 5 Huh7.5.1 cells at 72 h post-infection were stained with HCV-positive serum from patients (green signal) and with DAPI (blue signal).
T201 32689-32760 Sentence denotes Cuprous oxide NPs (CuONPs) are able to reduce viral infection in vitro.
T202 32761-32802 Sentence denotes Reproduced with permission from ref (58).
T203 32803-32831 Sentence denotes Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V.
T204 32832-33052 Sentence denotes Alternatively, zinc salts have been successfully used as antimicrobial agents from research up to clinical trials for viral warts.60,61 More recently, ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were developed for the treatment of HSV-2.
T205 33053-33208 Sentence denotes ZnONPs were prepared with a tetrapod morphology.62 The results showed that they can mimic cell surface interacting with the HS present on the viral capsid.
T206 33209-33462 Sentence denotes Additionally, these particles have been used for photocatalysis showing to efficiently destroy the viral proteins upon UV irradiation.62 Besides all these interesting examples, in vivo applications are still needed to validate this therapeutic modality.
T207 33463-33569 Sentence denotes Due to the generation of high levels of ROS, the toxicity of copper nanoparticles has been widely debated.
T208 33570-33817 Sentence denotes The antiviral activity of copper nanoparticles is generally associated with the release of Cu+ ions in solution, thus the leakage of cytotoxic cationic species can be modulated by surface functionalization before in vitro and in vivo applications.
T209 33818-33930 Sentence denotes On the other side, the use of nanomaterials generating ROS can find applications in textile and surface coating.
T210 33931-34126 Sentence denotes The general broad virucidal efficiency of copper oxide nanoparticles shown for H1N1 pandemic influenza57 should be tested on SARS-Cov-2 and might be used for improving mask protection efficiency.
T211 34128-34148 Sentence denotes Carbon Nanomaterials
T212 34149-34293 Sentence denotes Due to their diversity, versatility, and tunable surface chemistry, carbon nanomaterials have been attractive for several types of applications.
T213 34294-34436 Sentence denotes In particular, the past decade has seen a tremendous raise in the preparation of performant carbon-based nanomaterials in the antiviral field.
T214 34437-34538 Sentence denotes Fullerene and its derivatives are the most studied carbon nanomaterials for their virucidal activity.
T215 34539-34672 Sentence denotes Due to the lack of solubility of pristine fullerene, functionalization strategies have been developed to prepare water-soluble drugs.
T216 34673-34951 Sentence denotes Investigations in the biomedical field evidenced the membranotropic capacity of fullerene derivatives.63 By modulating shape and functions, fullerene derivatives have been shown to possess antiviral properties through inhibition of viral entry and blockage of viral replication.
T217 34952-35039 Sentence denotes From these results, the attention has been directed also to other carbon nanomaterials.
T218 35040-35186 Sentence denotes In particular, functional carbon dots (CDs) and graphene oxide (GO) have been investigated for their ability to block viral entry into host cells.
T219 35188-35203 Sentence denotes Glycofullerenes
T220 35204-35383 Sentence denotes The emerging of mortal viruses, like Ebola or Zika, and the lack of suitable treatments led the academic and the industrial communities to look for alternative therapeutic routes.
T221 35384-35547 Sentence denotes Most of these pathogens are RNA enveloped viruses, and they share common infection mechanisms that can be targeted for the preparation of wide spectrum antivirals.
T222 35548-35802 Sentence denotes The external surface of the envelope of these viruses is covered by glycans that tightly interact with lectin receptors on host cells.64 This strong interaction allows the attachment of the virions to the cells, followed by internalization and infection.
T223 35803-35898 Sentence denotes Blocking lectin receptors is a general strategy used to stop viral infection at an early stage.
T224 35899-36149 Sentence denotes Fullerenes have been widely investigated as antiviral molecules, drug carriers, or tissue scaffolds.65 Fullerene applications have been recently extended to the design of mannosylated derivatives to block the entry of viral particles into host cells.
T225 36150-36270 Sentence denotes Mannose, due to the high affinity with lectin receptors, competes with the virus in the interaction with the host cells.
T226 36271-36445 Sentence denotes For example, one of the targets is the inhibition of viral particles through the interaction of mannose with the dendritic cell-specific ICAM-grabbing non-integrin (DC-sign).
T227 36446-36706 Sentence denotes DC-sign receptors mediate the interactions between DCs and T cells.66,67 To exploit these characteristics, mannose was combined with fullerene in the design of the so-called glycofullerenes to study their capacity to inhibit Ebola, Dengue, and other pathogens.
T228 36707-37241 Sentence denotes For this purpose, different glycofullerenes were synthesized by changing the number of mannose units (from 12 to 36) and the spacers between the fullerene moieties and by varying steric hindrance in order to obtain a library of molecules.66 The synthetic route is composed of three steps based on “click chemistry”: (1) assembly of glycodendrons by Cu(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), (2) synthesis of alkyne-substituted Bingel-Hirsch hexakis-adducts, and (3) the coupling between the last two products again by CuAAC.
T229 37242-37373 Sentence denotes To increase the number of mannose moieties up to 36, the glycodendron core was changed from malonate to trialkynyl pentaerythritol.
T230 37374-37453 Sentence denotes In order to compare the different derivatives, in vitro studies were performed.
T231 37454-37638 Sentence denotes Jurkat cells (lymphocyte T CD4 immortalized cells) expressing DC-sign were used to prove the inhibition capacity of the glycofullerenes on viral infection of Ebola (Figure 6, route A).
T232 37639-37946 Sentence denotes The study revealed an IC50 in the μM range for the 12 mannose fullerene, a lower efficiency with the 36 mannose fullerene with a short spacer (PEG, with 2 ethylene oxide units), while a nanomolar IC50 was achieved with 36 mannose fullerenes with a longer spacer (PEG, with 3 ethylene oxide units) (Table 3).
T233 37947-38115 Sentence denotes This first proof-of-concept study was then expanded, aiming to obtain a better antiviral activity by increasing the valence and inserting longer and flexible spacers.68
T234 38116-38205 Sentence denotes Figure 6 Chemical design and general scheme to block the viral entry by glycofullerenes.
T235 38206-38508 Sentence denotes Three different shapes of glycofullerenes can act as inhibitor of viral infection: (A) shape composed of monodisperse fullerene bearing mannose, (B) assembly as “sugar balls” of tridecafullerenes exhibiting mannose on the edges, and (C) supramolecular micellar aggregates of fullerenes bearing mannose.
T236 38509-38588 Sentence denotes Table 3 Antiviral Activity of Different Fullerenes Functionalized with Mannose
T237 38589-38724 Sentence denotes material functional groups core function number of mannose moieties virus number of atoms between fullerene and mannose IC50 ref
T238 38725-38791 Sentence denotes glycofullerene monosaccharide malonate 12 Ebola 8 2 μM (66)
T239 38792-38872 Sentence denotes glycofullerene monosaccharide trialkynyl pentaerythritol 36 Ebola 22 68 μM
T240 38873-38954 Sentence denotes glycofullerene monosaccharide trialkynyl pentaerythritol 36 Ebola 28 0.3 μM
T241 38955-39032 Sentence denotes trideca-fullerenesa monosaccharide malonate 120 Ebola 8 20.375 nM (69)
T242 39033-39103 Sentence denotes trideca-fullerenesb monosaccharide malonate 120 Ebola 8 0.667 nM
T243 39104-39189 Sentence denotes glycofullerene disaccharide trialkynyl pentaerythritol 36 Zika 29 8.35 nM (70)
T244 39190-39205 Sentence denotes Dengue 7.71 nM
T245 39206-39290 Sentence denotes trideca-fullerenes disaccharide trialkynyl pentaerythritol 120 Zika 29 0.52 nM
T246 39291-39307 Sentence denotes Dengue 0.098 nM
T247 39308-39393 Sentence denotes trideca-fullerenes disaccharide trialkynyl pentaerythritol 360 Zika 48 0.067 nM
T248 39394-39410 Sentence denotes Dengue 0.035 nM
T249 39411-39507 Sentence denotes micellar glycofullerenes monosaccharide trialkynyl pentaerythritol 6 Ebola 23 424 nM (72)
T250 39508-39599 Sentence denotes micellar glycofullerenes monosaccharide trialkynyl pentaerythritol 12 Ebola 25 196 nM
T251 39600-39660 Sentence denotes a Small spacer between core C60 and surrounding fullerenes.
T252 39661-39721 Sentence denotes b Large spacer between core C60 and surrounding fullerenes.
T253 39722-39814 Sentence denotes Based on these studies, another class of multivalent fullerene dendrimers was then designed.
T254 39815-39958 Sentence denotes A fast and controlled synthetic route was developed to achieve giant globular multivalent fullerenes, containing hundreds of functional groups.
T255 39959-40136 Sentence denotes The first study was performed with tridecafullerenes containing 120 mannoses.69 The molecular structure is composed of 12 hexakis C60 surrounding a C60 core (Figure 6, route B).
T256 40137-40441 Sentence denotes Compared to the previous study, an IC50 3 orders of magnitude lower was measured on the inhibition of Ebola virus (Table 3).66,68 In order to present more carbohydrates at the periphery of the dendrimer, a trialkynyl pentaerythritol derivative allowed to afford a tridecafullerene with 360 carbohydrates.
T257 40442-40864 Sentence denotes In this case, the molecule was synthesized with a C60 tridecafullerene bearing α(1,2)mannobioside.70 The use of this disaccharide was already investigated, showing an increase of affinity with DC-sign receptors by a factor of 3–4.71 The synthetic strategy exploited also the use of strain-promoted copper-free cycloaddition of azides to alkynes (SPAAC) for the coupling of the core fullerene to the surrounding fullerenes.
T258 40865-40947 Sentence denotes SPAAC allows an easier purification avoiding the removal of cytotoxic copper ions.
T259 40948-41059 Sentence denotes The inhibition performance of this molecule was studied in vitro with viral pseudoparticles of Dengue and Zika.
T260 41060-41170 Sentence denotes The comparison was made between 360 and 120 disaccharides tridecafullerenes and 36 disaccharide monofullerene.
T261 41171-41304 Sentence denotes The results highlighted a picomolar IC50 inhibition on both Zika and Dengue models for the 360 disaccharide glycofullerene (Table 3).
T262 41305-41419 Sentence denotes The ability to inhibit other types of viruses allows the use of glycofullerenes as broad spectrum antiviral drugs.
T263 41420-41516 Sentence denotes Moreover, the negligible toxicity to other cells proved the biocompatibility of these molecules.
T264 41517-41749 Sentence denotes Following an alternative strategy, a supramolecular assembly of monodisperse glycofullerenes, leading to the formation of micelles, was achieved and tested.72 These micelles present a uniform and spherical shape (Figure 6, route C).
T265 41750-41954 Sentence denotes The aggregation synthetic route is faster compared to a controlled synthesis of giant glycofullerenes, but it might suffer from low reproducibility and batch-to-batch differences between each formulation.
T266 41955-42218 Sentence denotes This self-assembled C60 functionalized with 6 or 12 mannoses exposes a large amount of carbohydrate at the surface, leading to an inhibition of Ebola virus in the nanomolar range (IC50 of 424 nM for six mannoses and 196 nM for 12 mannoses, respectively, Table 3).
T267 42219-42309 Sentence denotes Further in vitro studies evidenced again a good biocompatibility of these glycofullerenes.
T268 42310-42447 Sentence denotes While there are no in vivo studies yet, these promising results enlarge the panel of molecules in the fight against new emerging viruses.
T269 42448-42578 Sentence denotes Functionalized fullerenes have been used for their ability to compete with viral particles through lectin receptors in host cells.
T270 42579-42819 Sentence denotes There has been a tremendous advancement in the functionalization of fullerenes leading to the preparation of derivatives with a high amount of mannose, capable to enhance the multivalency effect and thus to increase the therapeutic outcome.
T271 42820-42887 Sentence denotes First, glycofullerenes do not have an intrinsic virucidal activity.
T272 42888-42978 Sentence denotes They can reduce the infectivity, but they are not able to completely inactivate the virus.
T273 42979-43103 Sentence denotes Second, the mechanism of action of glycofullerenes relies on their interaction with host cells and not with viral particles.
T274 43104-43307 Sentence denotes Thus, for a therapeutic application, they should be injected at different time points, ensuring that the local concentration is therapeutically relevant to prevent the virus from invading the host cells.
T275 43308-43410 Sentence denotes In addition, glycofullerenes can be internalized into host cells losing their viral “shield” activity.
T276 43411-43546 Sentence denotes On the other hand, the well-developed surface chemistry of glycofullerenes can be used for other key receptors involved in viral entry.
T277 43547-43746 Sentence denotes For instance, in the case of the current SARS-Cov-2 pandemic, a similar click chemistry strategy can be used to anchor ligands recognized by human lung ACE2 receptors and so inhibiting viral entry.73
T278 43748-43774 Sentence denotes Other Carbon Nanomaterials
T279 43775-43891 Sentence denotes Alongside fullerenes, other carbon nanomaterials (NMs) have been scrutinized for their ability to block viral entry.
T280 43892-43978 Sentence denotes CDs and GO are the most known and studied carbon NMs with marked antiviral properties.
T281 43979-44025 Sentence denotes CDs are zero-dimensional carbon nanoparticles.
T282 44026-44128 Sentence denotes They are generally produced via hydrothermal decomposition of carbon containing “low-cost” precursors.
T283 44129-44289 Sentence denotes The use of CDs in the biomedical field has been encouraged by their easy preparation, low toxicity, fluorescence properties, and easy surface functionalization.
T284 44290-44533 Sentence denotes Pristine CDs have shown moderate viral blocking activity for HIV infection in vitro.74 This has been associated with the surface of the material rich in carboxylic and hydroxyl groups prone to form noncovalent interaction with viral membranes.
T285 44534-44697 Sentence denotes Moreover, due to the complexity of the biological systems these nonspecific interactions could not be so effective in vivo, likely reducing the antiviral efficacy.
T286 44698-44799 Sentence denotes Therapeutic targeting molecules can be grafted onto a CD surface to enhance their antiviral activity.
T287 44800-44909 Sentence denotes In this context, the design of multifunctional CD platforms can be obtained through two different strategies.
T288 44910-45049 Sentence denotes The first consists in a single-step reaction that foresees the insertion of the therapeutic molecule directly into the step of preparation.
T289 45050-45147 Sentence denotes Target molecules are decomposed with the other precursors, generating the desired functional CDs.
T290 45148-45255 Sentence denotes This protocol is fast and efficient, however the drug loading as well as its activity are hard to estimate.
T291 45256-45386 Sentence denotes Indeed, the hydrothermal treatment can alter the chemical structure of the active molecule, thus vanishing its therapeutic effect.
T292 45387-45613 Sentence denotes For these reasons, the reaction conditions must be carefully controlled.75 The second method is a two-step reaction and implies the postfunctionalization via amide formation on the surface of the CDs rich in carboxylic groups.
T293 45614-45744 Sentence denotes This strategy offers a better chemical control, but the yield and the drug loading may not be quantitative and high, respectively.
T294 45745-45820 Sentence denotes Different functionalized CDs were prepared to hamper host cell viral entry.
T295 45821-45960 Sentence denotes For instance, benzoxazine (a low water-soluble antiviral agent) was incorporated into the CD structure during their preparation (Figure 7).
T296 45961-46353 Sentence denotes The as-prepared CDs showed a broad spectrum viral blocking capacity in vitro for enveloped (e.g., Japanese encephalitis virus, Dengue virus, and Zika virus) and non-enveloped viruses (e.g., porcine parvovirus and adenovirus-associated virus).76 These positive results were explained by the efficient binding and deactivation induced by the multivalent effect of the CDs to the viral particles
T297 46354-46452 Sentence denotes Figure 7 Illustration of benzoxazine-functionalized CDs and their broad antiviral entry activity.
T298 46453-46494 Sentence denotes Reproduced with permission from ref (76).
T299 46495-46523 Sentence denotes Copyright 2019 Elsevier B.V.
T300 46524-46603 Sentence denotes Amino-functionalized CDs were also tested for the treatment of human norovirus.
T301 46604-46788 Sentence denotes In this study, CDs were functionalized with 2,2′-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EDA) and 3-ethoxypropylamine (EPA) via amide bond formation.77 These NMs exerted a good viral blockage.
T302 46789-46989 Sentence denotes In particular, EPA-functionalized CDs were able to inhibit 100% of viral infection at concentration of 2 μg/mL, while in the case of CDs prepared with the other amines, 80% of inhibition was reported.
T303 46990-47086 Sentence denotes These effects have been associated with the higher positive charge of CD-EDA compared to CD-EPA.
T304 47087-47216 Sentence denotes Another surface group used for viral targeting is boronic acid (BA), which can bind glycosylated surfaces forming boronic esters.
T305 47217-47717 Sentence denotes This strategy was successfully adopted to treat HIV where the boronic groups, linked to different nanoparticles (e.g., silica nanoparticles and nanodiamonds) can target gp120 receptors on the viral envelope inhibiting the infection.78 Another recent study proposed the use of CD functionalized with phenylboronic acid for prevention of HIV infection.74 The functional materials showed good inhibition properties compared to nonfunctionalized CDs by preventing the binding to the target cell in vitro.
T306 47718-47812 Sentence denotes Overall, the use of CDs for stopping host cell viral entrance has shown good results in vitro.
T307 47813-47917 Sentence denotes However, there is a lack of proofs in vivo limiting their applications to surface disinfection or masks.
T308 47918-48064 Sentence denotes In addition, most of the in vitro studies foresee first the contact of the CDs with the viral particles and then their incubation with host cells.
T309 48065-48230 Sentence denotes Deeper investigations should be performed adding the NMs at other time points (for instance in infected cells) to understand if the antiviral activity is maintained.
T310 48231-48366 Sentence denotes In addition, CDs have been successfully used for photodynamic therapy (generating radicals upon light irradiation) in cancer treatment.
T311 48367-48551 Sentence denotes The same approach may be used to combat viral infections, where the antiviral activity induced by the surface modification can be sensibly enhanced by ROS generation under irradiation.
T312 48552-48878 Sentence denotes Graphene materials, and in particular GO and reduced GO (rGO), have been used for different biomedical applications including drug delivery, biosensing, and tissue engineering.5 GO platforms have shown also interesting antimicrobial activity.79 Regarding viral infection, GO was used to block the virus entrance in host cells.
T313 48879-49068 Sentence denotes GO and rGO can be considered as two-dimensional materials that contain hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains allowing to adsorb many biological molecules including nucleic acids and proteins.
T314 49069-49227 Sentence denotes GO showed low interaction with viruses, however its surface functionalization with target molecules can sensibly enhance its affinity for the viral particles.
T315 49228-49482 Sentence denotes Additionally, GO can be used as photothermal agent (generation of heat by NIR irradiation) or photodynamic therapy (using visible light irradiation) inactivating the capsids by local thermal shock or by radical formation during irradiation, respectively.
T316 49483-49577 Sentence denotes The use of phototherapies may significantly augment the antiviral properties of the materials.
T317 49578-49760 Sentence denotes However, we must keep in mind that these therapeutic modalities can be applied only to disinfection, since the radical/heat production may be harmful for the healthy tissues in vivo.
T318 49761-49943 Sentence denotes Photodynamic therapy has been successfully exploited using bacteriophage MS2 as a model virus.80 In this study, GO was functionalized with an aptamer recognized by the viral surface.
T319 49944-50105 Sentence denotes The results showed that this functionalization is able to enhance the binding efficiency of the MS2 capsids onto the GO surface compared to nonfunctionalized GO.
T320 50106-50272 Sentence denotes Subsequently, irradiation in the visible light was able to disinfect the solution, while nonfunctionalized GO showed much less activity due to the lack of adsorption.
T321 50273-50517 Sentence denotes Despite these interesting results, this pioneer work remains at an early research stage since the use of high light dose (300 W for 10–140 min) and the lack of material recovery and reuse make its application for surface disinfection difficult.
T322 50518-50577 Sentence denotes GO can be also used as a platform to link antiviral agents.
T323 50578-50930 Sentence denotes Encouraging results were reported using GO with hypericin for the treatment of a recently appeared duck reovirus.81 More recently, Deokar et al. reported an original rGO-based multifunctional platform for HSV-1 treatment.82 In this work, the authors functionalized the material with organic sulfate groups and iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (FeNPs).
T324 50931-51028 Sentence denotes The rGO functionalized with the sulfate is able to mimic the host cell surface and to bind HSV-1.
T325 51029-51184 Sentence denotes Subsequently, the viral particles captured onto the rGO-FeNP surface can be concentrated via magnetic precipitation and destroyed via photothermal therapy.
T326 51185-51297 Sentence denotes This approach is highly efficient for disinfection with low energy (1.6 W/cm2 for 7 min) and cost effectiveness.
T327 51298-51533 Sentence denotes HS is a common entry receptor in various types of viruses (e.g., herpes viruses, human papillomavirus, Dengue virus).83 The use of organic sulfate-functionalized graphene sheets mimicking HS, like GO and rGO, has been already explored.
T328 51534-51914 Sentence denotes However, it is worth noting that these NMs are prone to strongly adsorb proteins in culture environments (coronation), likely inhibiting their antiviral efficacy.84 High loadings of sulfate groups were introduced onto rGO using polyglycerol sulfate.85,86 This approach has been used for inhibition of orthopoxvirus, pseudorabies virus, and African swine fever virus in vitro.85,86
T329 51915-51965 Sentence denotes Graphene has also been used as antiviral material.
T330 51966-52234 Sentence denotes Polysulfates and fatty amines were grafted onto graphene surface via triazine chemistry for the treatment of herpes simplex virus.87 This strategy promotes the synergy between the electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, showing incredibly high inhibition efficacy.
T331 52235-52321 Sentence denotes Overall, graphene materials have shown a good capacity to block host cell viral entry.
T332 52322-52460 Sentence denotes Disinfection with graphene family materials is also promising, offering the possibility to couple high viral binding with phototreatments.
T333 52461-52634 Sentence denotes Regarding the GO and rGO activity in cellular environments, different parameters must be considered such as protein coronation, blood circulation time, and activity in vivo.
T334 52635-52742 Sentence denotes So far, the use of sulfonic groups introduced via diazonium salt decomposition has been largely privileged.
T335 52743-52934 Sentence denotes We take this opportunity to encourage future studies using other targeting groups (e.g., boronic acids) and grafting methods (e.g., epoxide ring opening or hydroxyl esterification reactions).
T336 52936-52971 Sentence denotes Mechanical Disruption of the Capsid
T337 52972-53283 Sentence denotes The most direct way to suppress viruses and stop the spreading of viral infection is to inactivate them before the attachment to the host cells, by binding to the acceptor proteins.88 One of the most conserved targets of viral attachment ligands is the heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), previously mentioned.
T338 53284-53480 Sentence denotes HSPGs are expressed on the surface of almost all eukaryotic cell types, and many viruses like HIV-1, HSV, human papilloma virus (HPV) exploit HSPGs as the target of their viral attachment ligands.
T339 53481-53650 Sentence denotes Bearing in mind this behavior, different studies have used HSPG-mimicking materials to target this type of virus–cell interaction and to achieve broad spectrum efficacy.
T340 53651-53783 Sentence denotes For example, in one key study, AuNPs were functionalized with mercaptoethanesulfonate (MES) based on its mimicry of HS (Au-MES NPs).
T341 53784-54001 Sentence denotes Au-MES NPs were shown to interfere with viral attachment, viral entry, and cell-to-cell spreading.89 The importance of the polyvalent interactions with the virus makes these NPs a good candidate for antiviral therapy.
T342 54002-54183 Sentence denotes However, Au-MES NPs presented virustatic activity, meaning that upon dilution of the NPs, the virus recovers its infectivity due to the reversibility of the cell-virion interaction.
T343 54184-54322 Sentence denotes This problem was solved by Stellacci and colleagues who developed NPs coated with mercapto-1-undecanesulfonate (MUS) ligands (Au-MUS NPs).
T344 54323-54741 Sentence denotes The long aliphatic and flexible linkers provide stronger associations with the viral particles compared to Au-MES NPs, leading to local distortions and eventually inducing a global deformation and breaking of the capsid that inactivates its contagion irreversibly (Figure 8).90 These Au-MUS NPs were tested against different HSPG-dependent viruses, showing a high viricidal activity over HSV, HPV, and RSV (Figure 9A).
T345 54742-55008 Sentence denotes Furthermore, the activity of the Au-MUS NPs was studied in vivo using mice infected with RSV, indicating that the material can prevent pulmonary dissemination of the infection and showing potential use as medically relevant virucidal drugs to fight viral infections.
T346 55009-55290 Sentence denotes More recently, the concept was further extended to cyclodextrins modified with mercapto-1-undecanesulfonate, proposing this system as a broad spectrum virucidal macromolecule.91 Besides Au-NPs, a similar mechanism of disruption was studied with other materials like graphene or GO.
T347 55291-55580 Sentence denotes In a study, in which the toxicity of graphene was evaluated theoretically, it was also shown that graphene nanosheets can interrupt the hydrophobic protein–protein interaction, which is essential to biological functions.92 This feature was attributed to the hydrophobic nature of graphene.
T348 55581-55724 Sentence denotes Thus, it seems energetically favorable for graphene to slide between the interface of two proteins in contact, due to hydrophobic interactions.
T349 55725-56269 Sentence denotes In another study inspired by this behavior, the authors performed molecular dynamics simulations of graphene nanosheets in the proximity of the surface of the Ebola viral matrix protein VP40 showing that the nanosheets can break the hydrophobic interactions in VP40, a key protein for the replication and stability of Ebola virus (Figure 8).93 These findings suggest that graphene nanosheets might have potential antiviral activity against Ebola; however, there is a lack of experimental evidence that corroborates this mechanism of disruption.
T350 56270-56726 Sentence denotes On the other hand, GO was tested experimentally against Pseudorabies virus and Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), showing significant decrease in the infectivity.94 It was found that the negatively charged surface of GO is important for the adsorption of the virus, whose surface is positively charged, and that GO could directly interact with the viral particles and destroy their structures due to the sharp edges of the material (Figures 8 and 9B).
T351 56727-56793 Sentence denotes Figure 8 Mechanical disruption mechanisms of different NMs. Left:
T352 56794-56886 Sentence denotes Au-MUS NPs inducing mechanical forces in the virus capsid leading to inactivation.90 Center:
T353 56887-56959 Sentence denotes Graphene NSs disrupting VP40 hydrophobic interactions in Ebola.93 Right:
T354 56960-57045 Sentence denotes Interaction between negatively charged surface of GO and positively charged capsid.94
T355 57046-57093 Sentence denotes Figure 9 Interaction of NMs with viral capsid.
T356 57094-57128 Sentence denotes A) Gold NPs acting on HSV-2 virus.
T357 57129-57205 Sentence denotes After 90 min, the percentage of destroyed virus was significantly increased.
T358 57206-57217 Sentence denotes Scale bars:
T359 57218-57225 Sentence denotes 100 nm.
T360 57226-57267 Sentence denotes Reproduced with permission from ref (90).
T361 57268-57344 Sentence denotes Copyright 2018 Springer Nature Limited. (B) GO acting on Pseudorabies virus.
T362 57345-57432 Sentence denotes After incubation with GO for 1 h, part of the virus envelope and spikes were destroyed.
T363 57433-57444 Sentence denotes Scale bars:
T364 57445-57452 Sentence denotes 200 nm.
T365 57453-57494 Sentence denotes Reproduced with permission from ref (94).
T366 57495-57537 Sentence denotes Copyright 2015, American Chemical Society.
T367 57538-57764 Sentence denotes The mechanical disruption of the capsid is a peculiar antiviral mechanism associated with some NMs. In particular, the use of specific sulfonates able to mimic heparan sulfate can be also used to target SARS-Cov-2 infection.95
T368 57766-57802 Sentence denotes Antiviral Activity Inside Host Cells
T369 57803-57944 Sentence denotes Blocking the viral entry, via liquid/surface disinfection or once in the body, is a powerful strategy to hamper early stage viral contagions.
T370 57945-58088 Sentence denotes On the other hand, when infections have already spread and reached middle and late stages, alternative pharmacological strategies are required.
T371 58089-58204 Sentence denotes The study of the viral pathogenesis and machinery inside host cells has allowed the preparation of different drugs.
T372 58205-58321 Sentence denotes Due to the present pandemic, such antiviral drugs are now of top interest in the scientific and medical communities.
T373 58322-58646 Sentence denotes So far, few antiviral drugs are clinically available, and their mechanisms of action consist on the inhibition of reverse transcriptase (HIV, hepatitis), DNA inhibition of polymerase (herpes, HIV), inhibition of protease (HIV), blockage of ion channels (influenza), and inhibition of neuramidase (HIV, influenza, hepatitis).
T374 58647-58712 Sentence denotes However, these drugs suffer from moderate to severe side effects.
T375 58713-58866 Sentence denotes Additionally, rapid mutations in the viral machinery make them resistant to the treatments, making the control and the stop of the infection challenging.
T376 58867-58929 Sentence denotes The use of HNMs in drug delivery has shown several advantages.
T377 58930-58996 Sentence denotes First, HNMs can increase drug solubility and its circulation time.
T378 58997-59162 Sentence denotes Additionally, they can be functionalized with targeting molecules able to direct the drug to the desired organs and so avoiding side effects and reducing the dosage.
T379 59163-59219 Sentence denotes More recently, new antiviral mechanisms were discovered.
T380 59220-59404 Sentence denotes In particular, it was found that different types of HNMs are able to change the ROS homeostasis in infected host cells, stopping the viral replication and preserving the cell survival.
T381 59405-59531 Sentence denotes In this section both drug delivery materials and HNMs with ROS modulation properties will be critically presented (Figure 10).
T382 59532-59617 Sentence denotes Figure 10 Illustration of NMs interacting with host cell to prevent viral spreading.
T383 59618-59670 Sentence denotes Left: NMs are used for delivery of antiviral agents.
T384 59671-59766 Sentence denotes Right: NMs can change the ROS homeostasis slowing down the infection and helping cell survival.
T385 59768-59799 Sentence denotes Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery
T386 59800-59870 Sentence denotes Different HNMs have been widely tested for drug delivery applications.
T387 59871-60006 Sentence denotes The advantages of this strategy are several including enhance drug solubility and the possibility of targeting and multivalent effects.
T388 60007-60186 Sentence denotes As a potential broad spectral antiviral agent, AgNPs can prevent the virus from adsorbing to the host cell in the early stage of infection and thus show strong antiviral activity.
T389 60187-60289 Sentence denotes After the cells are infected by the virus, there are ways to inhibit cell apoptosis (Figure 2, right).
T390 60290-60608 Sentence denotes For example, Lv et al. studied the anti-TGEV activity of AgNPs in swine testicle cells and explored the possible mechanism of AgNP inhibition of TGEV infection-induced apoptosis.18 The results showed that these AgNPs are able to decrease cell apoptosis through the activation of p38/mitochondria-caspase-3 signaling.18
T391 60609-60866 Sentence denotes Although the use of AgNPs has shown good antiviral action to further improve the therapeutic effects and reduce both side effects and drug resistance, the way of binding drugs or genes and other therapeutic agents to AgNPs has received particular attention.
T392 60867-61023 Sentence denotes It has been observed that AgNPs inhibit the activities of neuraminidase and hemagglutinin, preventing the H1N1 influenza virus from attaching to host cells.
T393 61024-61152 Sentence denotes At the same time, the potential molecular mechanisms revealed that caspase-3-mediated apoptosis was inhibited by ROS generation.
T394 61153-61211 Sentence denotes AgNPs modified with polyethylenimine (PEI) can bind siRNA.
T395 61212-61517 Sentence denotes Ag@PEI@siRNA exhibited superior abilities for enhanced cellular uptake and blocking EV71 virus infection and significantly decreased the apoptotic cell population, which prevented the spread of EV71 virus.37 In addition to drugs and siRNA, neutralizing antibodies in combination with AgNPs were developed.
T396 61518-61672 Sentence denotes The results demonstrated that there is an additive effect between the antibody and AgNPs when combined against cell-associated HIV-1 infection in vitro.96
T397 61673-61739 Sentence denotes The membranotropic properties of fullerenes were widely exploited.
T398 61740-62083 Sentence denotes For example, pristine C60, after accumulation at the cell membrane, can translocate into the cytoplasm by crossing the membrane through multiple energy-dependent pathways despite its hydrophobic character.97 Fullerenes can be made water dispersible using surfactants, sonication or first dissolving them in appropriate organic solvents (DMSO).
T399 62084-62321 Sentence denotes The use of fullerenes as inhibitors of viruses started in 1993 with a study focused on HIV infection.98 This work revealed the interaction between C60 derivatives and HIV protease through molecular modeling and experimental verification.
T400 62322-62457 Sentence denotes HIV protease (HIV-PR) is involved in the mechanism of replication in the maturation of HIV virion, cleaving newly synthesized proteins.
T401 62458-62726 Sentence denotes The active site of HIV protease has a cavity of 10 Å closed to the diameter of C60 cage.99 Molecular docking and experiments on HIV-PR catalytic activity revealed a blockage of the active site of the enzyme by van der Waals interactions leading to an antiviral effect.
T402 62727-62890 Sentence denotes The following studies were based on a structure–activity relationship between functionalized fullerenes and HIV-PR with the aim to increase the antiviral activity.
T403 62891-63306 Sentence denotes The introduction of pyrrolidinium salts onto C60 was tested against the activity of HIV-1 strain.100 In a second study, C60 bearing two ammonium groups was applied against the activity of HIV-1 and HIV-2 strains.101 The results showed the importance of having two moieties in a precise position on the fullerene cage and the influence of the charge of the different salts sensibly increasing its antiviral activity.
T404 63307-63409 Sentence denotes Further investigations using different functional groups (e.g., amino acid derivatives) were explored.
T405 63410-63727 Sentence denotes C60 functionalized with aminobutyric acid and aminocaproic acid was able to inhibit HIV viral replication at subnanomolar concentrations.63 In another work, anionic and cationic pyrrolidinium salts and amino acid functionalized fullerene derivatives were used for the inhibition of HIV reverse transcriptase (HIV-RT).
T406 63728-64093 Sentence denotes Fullerene compounds were compared to nevirapine, an available drug against HIV-RT, revealing a better inhibition compared to the pure drug.102 The antiviral property of carboxylated fullerenes was confirmed by another study.103 Results obtained in vitro on CEM cell line showed low toxicity and a submicromolar EC50 against HIV-1 and HIV-2 strain viral replication.
T407 64094-64177 Sentence denotes Several mechanisms of HIV protease inhibitors have been hypothesized and simulated.
T408 64178-64431 Sentence denotes Some studies investigated the action of fullerene derivatives on viral replication cycle and the virus maturation (Figure 11).98,104 For the latter, it was suggested an impairment due to a strong interaction between fullerene and the immature capsid.105
T409 64432-64511 Sentence denotes Figure 11 Illustration of fullerene affecting the viral replication mechanism.
T410 64512-64638 Sentence denotes Interaction between fullerene and viral protein blocking either the transcription or the translation in the viral replication.
T411 64639-64982 Sentence denotes Other RNA viruses share ways of viral replication similar to HIV.106 C60 functionalized with an amino acid derivative was investigated against Hepatitis C RNA polymerase (HCV-RP).102 This essential enzyme for viral replication was inhibited in a submicromolar range, similarly to benzo-1,2,4-thiadiazine, a potent specific inhibitor of HCV-RP.
T412 64983-65273 Sentence denotes Another publication highlighted the effect of a C70 poly(carboxylic acid) derivative on different strains of influenza virus (e.g., A, H1N1, H3N2, and B).107 The inhibition was comparable to Tamiflu, rimantadine, ribavirin, and amantadine, but the mechanism of action remains still unclear.
T413 65274-65388 Sentence denotes These data emphasize that fullerenes C60 or C70 can be potent universal antiviral drugs for RNA enveloped viruses.
T414 65389-65491 Sentence denotes However, clear elucidations of the mechanisms of action and in vivo studies are still a missing point.
T415 65492-65750 Sentence denotes Due to their high surface/weight ratio and capacity to pass through cell membranes, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been extensively explored for drug and gene delivery applications.108 CNTs have been also successfully used for the delivery of antiviral agents.
T416 65751-66000 Sentence denotes Compared to pristine materials, oxidized CNTs (ox-CNTs) showed an inhibitory activity for HIV viruses per se.109 This effect has been associated with the oxygenated groups that increase the hydrophilicity and the colloidal stability of the material.
T417 66001-66189 Sentence denotes The antiviral efficiency has been correlated to the ox-CNT interaction with host cells.109 However, it is not clear how and what kind of mechanism blocks the viral machinery in host cells.
T418 66190-66281 Sentence denotes Different anchoring strategies have been explored to link antiviral drugs onto CNT surface.
T419 66282-66924 Sentence denotes For instance, ox-CNTs were covalently linked to 2-amino-3-nitro-1-(3,5-dimethylbenzyl)-aniline (CHI360) and N-(2-aminophenyl-3-nitro-)-3,5-dimethylbenzenesulfonamide (CHI415), two active non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors for HIV treatment.109 Following the covalent conjugation, only a moderate antiviral effect was observed compared to pure drugs, indicating that most probably the NM cell trafficking played a key role on the virucidal activity.109 In another study, ox-CNTs functionalized with cyclodextrin were used for the delivery of acyclovir (a prodrug inhibitor of the viral DNA polymerases) for the treatment of HSV-1.
T420 66925-67226 Sentence denotes Preliminary results showed that when acyclovir was delivered via the nanotubes, the viral antireplicative effect was higher than the free drug.110 More recently, a similar approach was applied to herpes virus using cyclodextrin and PEI-functionalized CNTs for co-delivery of cidofovir and plasmid DNA.
T421 67227-67641 Sentence denotes However, the antiviral effect of the materials was not explained, and the transfection effect was not satisfactory.111 Functionalized CNTs have been also used for delivery of ribavirin in vivo using grass carp as an animal model for the study of grass carp reovirus. ox-CNTs were first functionalized via amidation with BSA, and then ribavirin was covalently bound to the protein via esterification (Figure 12).112
T422 67642-67743 Sentence denotes Figure 12 Schematic procedure of the functionalization of single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) and ribavirin.
T423 67744-67786 Sentence denotes Reproduced with permission from ref (112).
T424 67787-67816 Sentence denotes Copyright 2015, Elsevier B.V.
T425 67817-68038 Sentence denotes In vivo tests demonstrated that, when ribovirin was shuttled by ox-CNTs, the antiviral efficiency was significantly increased without any evident toxicity and no significant changes in ROS-generating enzymatic activities.
T426 68039-68106 Sentence denotes The use of CNTs in drug delivery is however still controversial.113
T427 68107-68196 Sentence denotes Graphene-based materials have been limitedly studied as antiviral drug delivery carriers.
T428 68197-68248 Sentence denotes Only a few examples can be found in the literature.
T429 68249-68498 Sentence denotes Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were used for drug delivery of CHI360 and CHI415 and tested in vitro against HIV similarly to CNTs.109 Both the prepared GQD-CHI360 and GQD-CHI415 showed a high antiviral activity once into host cells, with low toxicity.
T430 68499-68612 Sentence denotes GO has been also used for the delivery of DNAzyme into hepatic cells allowing to block the hepatitis C infection.
T431 68613-68714 Sentence denotes This specific DNA single strand is able to recognize the viral mRNA and to silence its expression.114
T432 68715-68789 Sentence denotes Overall, carbon NMs proved to be interesting carriers for antiviral drugs.
T433 68790-68890 Sentence denotes However, several questions need to be answered before their safe application as antiviral materials.
T434 68891-69136 Sentence denotes Different reports have demonstrated that pristine CNTs display relevant toxicity for healthy cells, but by oxidation of the tubes, the side effects can be sensibly reduced.109 In addition, more investigations should be performed on CNT toxicity.
T435 69137-69420 Sentence denotes These nanocarriers indeed are not “innocent delivery agents”, but they play a key role in drug internalization pathway and in host cell machinery that might be averse to the expected therapeutic effects.109 So far, CNT application in biological systems has been studied for 20 years.
T436 69421-69544 Sentence denotes However, due to their possible toxicity, their real application in clinics seems to be steeper and difficult to achieve.112
T437 69546-69586 Sentence denotes Materials Tuning Reactive Oxygen Species
T438 69587-69667 Sentence denotes ROS homeostasis in infected cells has been studied for both RNA and DNA viruses.
T439 69668-70182 Sentence denotes For instance, it was shown that infection of mice with influenza A decreased the concentration of lung glutathione and the antioxidant vitamin C, providing evidence that the viral infection was associated with oxidative stress in vitro as well as in vivo.115 Similarly, in HIV infection, induced oxidative stress in host T cells and high concentrations of antioxidants are able to slow down the cell-to-cell viral spreading.115 The increase of ROS concentration is a common process in most of the viral infections.
T440 70183-70259 Sentence denotes However, the mechanism of radical generation is different from case to case.
T441 70260-70373 Sentence denotes Several proofs suggest that modulating ROS homeostasis in infected cells can slow down or block the infection.116
T442 70374-70442 Sentence denotes HNMs have been shown to be powerful allies against viral infections.
T443 70443-70564 Sentence denotes In particular, metal or metal oxide NMs, once internalized, can regulate the radical production into infected host cells.
T444 70565-70713 Sentence denotes In this scenario, the NMs can work following two different mechanisms: (1) enhancing radical activity or (2) quenching ROS inside cell compartments.
T445 70714-70865 Sentence denotes In the first case, metal oxide NPs are able to convert superoxide ions into more reactive hydroxyl radical species via Fenton or Fenton-like reactions.
T446 70866-71005 Sentence denotes The excess of superoxide ions is able to oxidize the viral proteins and the genetic material and therefore efficiently block the infection.
T447 71006-71184 Sentence denotes This approach has been reported using ZnO NPs.117,118 In these studies, ZnO NPs have been successfully applied for the treatment of H1N1 influenza virus and Herpes simplex virus.
T448 71185-71328 Sentence denotes The preliminary results showed that PEGylated ZnO particles were able to efficiently reduce the viral infection with IC50 similar to acyclovir.
T449 71329-71520 Sentence denotes More importantly, toxicity of ZnO was modulated by functionalization with PEG, which allowed a higher colloidal stability and a more controlled release of Zn2+ ions to catalyze ROS formation.
T450 71521-71726 Sentence denotes Indeed, ROS (e.g., superoxide and hydroxyl radicals) produced by the NPs should be highly reactive and should not only damage the exogenous biological molecules but also attack different cell compartments.
T451 71727-71800 Sentence denotes Overproduction of ROS may reduce virus spread but also induce cell death.
T452 71801-71980 Sentence denotes Interestingly, this approach is applicable only at the early infection stage (after 1 h incubation of the host cells with a virus), but it loses its activity at later time points.
T453 71981-72373 Sentence denotes These experimental evidences suggest that materials capable of triggering the formation of ROS are essential in the first phase of the viral replication, most probably inducing the arrest of the viral DNA polymerases, which is active in the first 1–3 h of viral contamination.117,118 This specific mechanism of action restricts ZnO NPs to an application only at the early stage of infections.
T454 72374-72515 Sentence denotes However, the same approach with other metals able to induce Fenton or Fenton-like reactions (e.g., Fe, Cu, and Mn) has not been reported yet.
T455 72516-72645 Sentence denotes The choice of proper capping agents may allow to control the metal ion release and thus tune the ROS-mediated antiviral activity.
T456 72646-72752 Sentence denotes We would like to take an advantage here to suggest the growth of the antiviral research in this direction.
T457 72753-72840 Sentence denotes Another successful approach relies on the reduction of ROS concentration in host cells.
T458 72841-72990 Sentence denotes ROS scavenging is able to alleviate the toxicity of the infection enhancing cell viability, giving time to start its endogenous antiviral mechanisms.
T459 72991-73064 Sentence denotes So, this approach may both block infection and ensure host cell survival.
T460 73065-73162 Sentence denotes In this context, selenium NPs (SeNPs) have been extensively studied for their antiviral activity.
T461 73163-73454 Sentence denotes The mechanism of action of these NPs relies on the quenching of the radicals into host cells due to the infection, stopping the mitochondria depolarization and the consequent apoptotic cascade.119 Additionally, SeNPs can also adsorb onto the viral capsid sensibly reducing their infectivity.
T462 73455-73562 Sentence denotes SeNPs can be prepared via classical mixing of selenium salt precursors in the presence of a reducing agent.
T463 73563-73996 Sentence denotes More recently, SeNPs have been instead biosynthesized from Actinobacteria showing good stability and capacity to inhibit Dengue virus in vitro.120 Moreover, SeNPs were used to carry different antiviral drugs including zanamivir,121 oseltamivir,122 amantadine,123 and ribavirin.119 Their functionalization with the desired drug can be easily achieved adding the molecule during their synthesis through the Se ion controlled reduction.
T464 73997-74057 Sentence denotes These NMs have been applied for the treatment of H1N1 virus.
T465 74058-74316 Sentence denotes Notably, SeNPs with ribavirin (administered via intranasal absorption every 24 h for 3 days) showed that infected mice had much less alveolar collapse and perivascular and peribronchiolar edema, compared to the group challenged with the virus (Figure 13).119
T466 74317-74617 Sentence denotes Figure 13 In vivo antiviral efficiency of SeNPs functionalized with ribavirin (Se@RBV). (a) Mice infected by H1N1 virus were treated with physiological saline (Mock), RBV, SeNPs, or Se@RBV. (b) H&E and tunnel staining showing that Se@RBV-treated mice displayed reduced lung damages compared to Mock.
T467 74618-74660 Sentence denotes Reproduced with permission from ref (119).
T468 74661-74691 Sentence denotes Copyright 2018 Dove Press Ltd.
T469 74692-74837 Sentence denotes Due to their efficacy and low toxicity, SeNPs can be considered a useful material for the treatment of other viral diseases including SARS-Cov-2.
T470 74838-75158 Sentence denotes As a matter of fact, oxidative stress as well as chronic inflammation may contribute to the aggravation of the Covid-19 symptoms and to the general spread of the infection.124 The use of SeNPs could eventually alleviate the toxicity of infected patients, giving time for the immune system to react against the contagion.
T471 75159-75351 Sentence denotes However, the lack of preclinical studies on SeNPs, together the scarce knowledge of their biosafety and long-term toxicity, still remain the main challenges to tackle for clinical translation.
T472 75353-75387 Sentence denotes Interaction with the Immune System
T473 75388-75524 Sentence denotes The vast majority of the studies show that human survival to viral attack is based on the stimulation and response of our immune system.
T474 75525-75674 Sentence denotes When a virus enters and starts infecting tissues, the body reacts and triggers a strong immune response to overcome the pathogen invasion and spread.
T475 75675-75734 Sentence denotes Normally, two different immunological reactions take place.
T476 75735-76422 Sentence denotes The oxidative stress induced by infection causes the activation of the inflammasome through upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, pro-IL-18, and NLRP3.122 Excessive upregulation of this mechanism leads to cell damage and eventually to pyroptosis activated by caspases.122 It was also shown that generation of radicals is able to depolarize mitochondria, hence affecting host cell respiration and inducing ROS-mediated apoptosis at the late stage of infection.123 Besides, activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines can alert the immune system blocking the infection (the innate immune response).122 The second immune response is specific (the adaptive immune response).
T477 76423-76558 Sentence denotes Immune cells are trained to attack the virus (cellular response), while specific antibodies are produced by B cells (humoral response).
T478 76559-76692 Sentence denotes In the last years, HNMs were proved to tune the immune responses, demonstrating to be a possible alternative against viral infection.
T479 76693-76837 Sentence denotes In this section the most relevant strategies for the activation of innate and adaptive immune responses using NMs will be described (Figure 14).
T480 76838-76904 Sentence denotes Figure 14 Illustration of HNM interaction with the immune system.
T481 76905-77007 Sentence denotes Left: HNMs can enhance the production of interferon (IFN) alerting the immune system of the infection.
T482 77008-77014 Sentence denotes Right:
T483 77015-77212 Sentence denotes Virus-mimicking particles composed of viral proteins and HNMs can induce a strong immunological response activating dendritic cells, T cells, and stimulating B cells to produce specific antibodies.
T484 77214-77236 Sentence denotes Innate Immune Response
T485 77237-77340 Sentence denotes Innate immune response is the first response that takes place in the presence of any type of infection.
T486 77341-77737 Sentence denotes During this early stage, interferon stimulating genes (ISGs) are upregulated in the infected cells.125 This self-defense mechanism slows down the viral replication and alerts sentinel immune cells that start producing proinflammatory cytokines and trigger inflammation.125 However, many viruses are able to escape this complex mechanism, retarding the immune response and spreading the infection.
T487 77738-77816 Sentence denotes The interaction of HNMs with the immune system has been more and more studied.
T488 77817-77981 Sentence denotes In the case of antiviral HNMs, many examples can be found in the literature where the NMs not only slow down the infection but also tune the innate immune response.
T489 77982-78039 Sentence denotes Certain HMNs can display an intrinsic immune stimulation.
T490 78040-78322 Sentence denotes We have already mentioned above that in the early stage of infection, AgNPs mainly prevent the virus from entering the host cell through the interaction with the external capsid, but in vitro cellular experiments lack to understand the complex interaction with primary immune cells.
T491 78323-78527 Sentence denotes Recent studies have shown that AgNPs can potentially induce the expression of genes involved in innate and adaptive immunity-associated pathways, which are known to play crucial role in immune regulation.
T492 78528-79166 Sentence denotes For example, Toll-like receptor 7 can be upregulated by AgNPs after 24 h, by recognizing the single-stranded RNA of the viruses and regulating the antiviral immune response.126 Another study showed that in RSV-infected mice treated with AgNPs, the particles reduced the production of pro-inflammatory TNF-α and IL-6 cytokines, but potentiated the anti-RSV activity of neutrophils in an experimental mouse model.127 However, activation of AgNPs in the reduction of RSV has been noted only when the NM was intranasally inoculated together with the virus, and no results have been reported on the use of AgNPs administrated on infected mice.
T493 79167-79353 Sentence denotes In the case of influenza virus infection of lung epithelial cells, it was found that AgNPs targeted infected lung epithelial cells and reduced viral replication, by preventing autophagy.
T494 79354-79469 Sentence denotes However, the blockage of the autophagic flux by AgNPs does not inhibit viral replication in already infected cells.
T495 79470-79853 Sentence denotes Therefore, AgNPs are more suitable as viral preventive agents due to their pro-inflammatory response rather than drugs.128 More recently, AgNPs were combined with graphene materials and exploited as antiviral material for the treatment of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV).129 GO-AgNPs were able to clump the virus diminishing its fusion with cell membrane.
T496 79854-80024 Sentence denotes Additionally, once GO-AgNPs were internalized in host cells, they stimulated the ISGs that blocked viral budding and its diffusion to other cells in vitro (Figure 15).129
T497 80025-80115 Sentence denotes Figure 15 Scheme of the mechanism of action of GO-AgNPs on activation of innate immunity.
T498 80116-80158 Sentence denotes Reproduced with permission from ref (129).
T499 80159-80201 Sentence denotes Copyright 2018 American Chemistry Society.
T500 80202-80845 Sentence denotes Similarly, CDs used for the treatment of RSV and PRRSV were able to activate the innate immune response via an upregulation of ISGs in vitro.130 Gold nanorods were applied to boost the innate immune response against RSV in vivo.131 Interestingly, it was shown that these nanorods (when intranasally administered with RSV) were not only able to activate the ISGs but also to tune the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in the blocking of the infection with a reduced pulmonary inflammation.131 As drug carriers, HNMs can also affect the internalization pathways, modulate drug efficacy, and the immune cell responses.
T501 80846-81163 Sentence denotes For instance, it was found that the isoprinosine immunomodulatory antiviral drug displays a much higher antiviral efficacy in vivo when delivered with CNTs than as a pure drug (in zebrafish larvae food administration), probably due to a better cellular uptake and the anti-inflammatory properties of the nanotubes.132
T502 81164-81612 Sentence denotes Fullerenes also exhibit immunomodulation properties through the release of cytokines by bovine alveolar macrophages.133 A study explored the influence of functionalization of C60 with molecules presenting different surface charges like hydroxyl groups and amino acids.134 The study concluded that negative charges upregulated TNF-α up-secretion in RAW 264.7 macrophages, but highly positively or negatively charged surfaces increased cell toxicity.
T503 81613-81715 Sentence denotes The upregulation of the cytokine TNF-α is a proof that fullerene can promote cellular immune response.
T504 81716-81865 Sentence denotes Despite these preliminary results, the actual mechanisms of interaction between HNMs and the immune system are still at early stage of understanding.
T505 81866-81956 Sentence denotes We must consider that the immune response needs to be proportional to the infection grade.
T506 81957-82204 Sentence denotes If on one side nanosized immuno-boosters can alert more efficiently the sentinel cells, the use of HNMs that trigger an exaggerated immune response can promote excessive inflammation, damaging healthy cells and promoting uncontrolled side effects.
T507 82205-82424 Sentence denotes In the particular context of SARS-Cov-2, the use of AgNPs, fullerenes, or other pro-inflammatory HNMs at the middle and late infection stage may cause an aggravation of the symptoms due to already diffused inflammation.
T508 82425-82867 Sentence denotes In particular, most of the studies showed the ability to reduce infection when HNMs were first incubated with the pathogenic virus, thus limiting their potential use in the early stage infection.124 The formulation of HNMs able to both alert the immune system (e.g., upregulating cytokine) and control lung inflammation (e.g., ROS scavenger) even after the early stage infection may be a possible strategy for treatments against SARS viruses.
T509 82869-82893 Sentence denotes Adaptive Immune Response
T510 82894-82992 Sentence denotes Adaptive immune response is the specific response that the immune system exerts against pathogens.
T511 82993-83456 Sentence denotes This mechanism is particularly active toward viral infections where the immune system produces specialized lymphocytes (to fight the virus), called memory B cells (to be effective in case of new infections) and antibodies (corresponding to the humoral response).135 The stimulation of adaptive responses in case of specific infections can be induced artificially through the introduction of attenuated pathogens, stimulating the production of specific antibodies.
T512 83457-83865 Sentence denotes This is the principle of vaccination, which is the most common procedure for immunization of large areas of population against many kinds of lethal viruses.135 Besides, the use of viral proteins as antigens in the vaccine formulation leads to neutralizing antibodies, but, due to the low immunogenicity of isolated proteins, does not always stimulate sufficiently the immune system to reach total protection.
T513 83866-83969 Sentence denotes More recently, nanotechnology has been applied to develop more efficient vaccines (e.g., nanovaccines).
T514 83970-84300 Sentence denotes The use of nanostructures with a size similar to virus (virus-like nanoparticles) sensibly enhances the response helping to reach immunity.135 HNMs can adsorb viral particles and present them to the immune system.136,137 This method of vaccination has been successfully applied in vivo for the challenge of herpes simplex 2 virus.
T515 84301-84402 Sentence denotes HSV-2 starts its spreading in vaginal tissues and then diffuses to the neurons causing death in mice.
T516 84403-84599 Sentence denotes ZnO NPs (teardrop morphology), after vaginal inoculation with HSV-2, are able not only to prevent viral cell adhesion but also to expose viral antigens to T cells and DCs, leading to immunization.
T517 84600-84684 Sentence denotes The preclinical trials against HSV-2 showed a survival to infection higher than 90%.
T518 84685-84847 Sentence denotes This approach highlights the possibility to couple cell mimicking NMs to other co-adjuvants for the formulation of large spectrum nanovaccines (Figure 16).136,137
T519 84848-85203 Sentence denotes Figure 16 (A) Scanning electron microscopy images of ZnO tetrapod nanoparticles (ZOTEN) synthesized by flame transport synthesis. (B) Mice were challenged intravaginally with HSV-2 333 with or without ZOTEN. (C) To monitor progression of infection, mice were observed daily for the development of lesions around the vaginal opening, and base of the tail.
T520 85204-85271 Sentence denotes Representative images from three independent experiments are shown.
T521 85272-85314 Sentence denotes Reproduced with permission from ref (137).
T522 85315-85377 Sentence denotes Copyright 2016 the American Association of Immunologists, Inc.
T523 85378-85470 Sentence denotes HNMs have been also applied to the delivery of antigens, exposing them to the immune system.
T524 85471-86100 Sentence denotes Fullerenes were found as suitable carriers for the delivery of drugs or nucleic acids.138 Functionalized fullerene can also self-assemble into virus-sized NPs.139 Investigated as vaccines in cancer immune therapy,140 polyhydroxy fullerenes (called fullerenols) display interesting properties for antiviral therapy, based on their capacity to self-assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs) and so to enhance the immunogenicity of the antigens.141 The great advantage of this strategy relies on the easy encapsulation process during the self-assembly making fullerenols versatile for the formulation of different kinds of vaccines.
T525 86101-86524 Sentence denotes These VLPs were investigated against HIV-1141 and hepatitis C viruses.142 Compared to conventional protein- or peptide-based vaccines intended to induce antigen-specific adaptive immune responses, DNA vaccines are more stable, cost-effective, easy to manufacture, and safe in handling.143 However, DNA vaccines have the disadvantage of being poorly immunogenic.144 Fullerenol VLPs allow to avoid the use of other adjuvants.
T526 86525-86662 Sentence denotes In the case of a vaccine against HIV-1, fullerenol VLPs penetrated easily into the cells resulting in an enhancement of DNA transfection.
T527 86663-86893 Sentence denotes This was proved in a study using fullerenol encapsulating DNA encoding the HIV-1 envelope protein gp145 (Figure 17).141In vitro assays were performed in human embryonic kidney cells line (HEK293) showing good transfection ability.
T528 86894-87087 Sentence denotes Following various immunization routes (e.g., activation of Toll-like receptor signaling or effector memory T cell immune response), fullerenol VLPs can induce an innate and a cellular immunity.
T529 87088-87260 Sentence denotes A similar study was performed for hepatitis C using the HCV recombinant protein as antigen,142 confirming the potential efficacy of using fullerenols as antiviral vaccines.
T530 87261-87332 Sentence denotes Nevertheless, these results require further mechanistic investigations.
T531 87333-87630 Sentence denotes Indeed, in vitro studies also evidenced a suppressive effect of acquired immune response of C60 pyrrolidine tris-acid and fullerenol C60(OH)36.145 The fullerenol had a dose-dependent effect on T cell receptor-mediated activation and antibody production by B cells under anti-CD40/IL-4 stimulation.
T532 87631-87681 Sentence denotes However, the molecular mechanism is still unknown.
T533 87682-88311 Sentence denotes Figure 17 Use of fullerenol as co-adjuvant for vaccination. (a) The structure of fullerenol, red balls represent O and white for H on the fullerene surface, and green balls represent C atoms. (b) The schematic diagram of HIV Env plasmid DNA encapsulated during the self-assembly of fullerenol. (c) TEM image of Env entrapped by fullerenol. (d) Compared to naked Env immunization group, IFN-γ production (immunospot) was significantly enhanced when mice were immunized with the formulation via various immunization routes, including intradermal (i.d.), intramuscular (i.m.), subcutaneous (s.c.), and intranasal (i.n.) injections.
T534 88312-88388 Sentence denotes Fullerenol could decrease the antigen dosage (e) and immunization times (f).
T535 88389-88431 Sentence denotes Reproduced with permission from ref (141).
T536 88432-88470 Sentence denotes Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
T537 88471-88909 Sentence denotes Other HNMs including AuNPs (two subcutaneous injections in guinea pigs) and nanodiamonds (three subcutaneous injections in Balb/C mice) were explored as carriers of viral proteins for immunization of swine transmissible gastroenteritis virus and H7N9 influenza, respectively, with good preliminary results.146,147 In these cases, the vaccine formulation relies on the adsorption of the viral antigen onto the surface of the nanoparticles.
T538 88910-88971 Sentence denotes However, an effective vaccination depends on several factors.
T539 88972-89044 Sentence denotes First of all, the size of the NPs plays a key role on the immune system.
T540 89045-89278 Sentence denotes For instance, size-dependent vaccination efficacy has been reported in mice immunization against the foot-and-mouth disease virus (intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injection, every 7 days for 7 weeks) using AuNPs as antigen carriers.
T541 89279-89500 Sentence denotes In this study, the most effective activity to stimulate the immune system was exerted by particles with a diameter in the range of 8 nm.148 Both smaller or bigger particles evidenced a drop-off of the immunization effect.
T542 89501-89670 Sentence denotes This aspect cannot be ascribed to the antigen concentration, but must be associated only to the nanoparticle size; however, the mechanism of interaction remains unknown.
T543 89671-89763 Sentence denotes The selected antigen plays also a crucial role in the preparation of wide spectrum vaccines.
T544 89764-89902 Sentence denotes For instance, in the case of influenza, two major membrane glycoproteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, are generally used as antigens.
T545 89903-90118 Sentence denotes However, the antibodies produced by this vaccination strategy are selective to the dominant epitope which has a low effectiveness or is totally ineffective against other epitopes or other kinds of influenza viruses.
T546 90119-90325 Sentence denotes M2 (a viral protein responsible for the budding and scission of the influenza virus) is commonly expressed in different types of influenza viruses with a high rate of conservation but with low antigenicity.
T547 90326-90456 Sentence denotes It has been shown that AuNPs functionalized with M2e protein have a high immunization capacity in comparison to the antigen alone.
T548 90457-90791 Sentence denotes Mice immunized with AuNPs (two intranasal injections), and then challenged, showed a survival rate higher than 90% to California-H1N1pdm, Victoria-H3N2, and Vietnam-H5N1 infections.149 This strategy shows that HNMs can be used to boost the immune response of low immunogenic molecules, providing a wide spectrum vaccination potential.
T549 90792-91024 Sentence denotes Unfortunately, it has not been determined if the budding process in SARS-Cov-2 is mediated by viral proteins or via the host cell’s endosomal sorting complex, thus more research on the SARS-Cov-2 viral machinery is highly desirable.
T550 91025-91239 Sentence denotes All these approaches are based on the capacity of the nanoparticles to adsorb the antigens and expose them to the immune system in the appropriate conformation to produce the neutralizing and protective antibodies.
T551 91240-91298 Sentence denotes However, the adsorption is not an easy process to control.
T552 91299-91549 Sentence denotes For instance, AuNPs have been ineffective in the immunization against SARS-Cov, when S viral proteins were used as antigens.150 In particular, the immunization with the protein alone was more efficient than when it was adsorbed onto the AuNP surface.
T553 91550-91704 Sentence denotes This failure was associated with a conformational change or denaturation of the antigen, which did not lead to the production of the specific antibody.150
T554 91705-92428 Sentence denotes Covalent chemistry strategies offer a higher control on the antigen quantification with higher reproducibility and possibility to bind different groups onto the surface of HNMs. For example, calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CaPNPs) were successfully covalently functionalized with Hen Egg lysozyme as model antigen showing an immunization 100 times higher in vivo compared to antigens alone using (one subdermal injection in mice).151 A similar approach was used with iron oxide NPs using mannose (to target DCs) and hepatitis B antigen showing good immunological activity in vitro (two subdermal injections in mice at 14 days distance).152 More recently, other types of vaccination strategies have been applied using HNMs.
T555 92429-92508 Sentence denotes A smart example has been reported using multifunctional CaPNPs on herpes virus.
T556 92509-92659 Sentence denotes In this study, CaPNPs have been covalently functionalized with alum/MPL as the adjuvant and two peptides as antigens selected via reverse vaccination.
T557 92660-92957 Sentence denotes The NM stimulated the immune system generating highly efficient antibodies able to block cell-to-cell infection of herpes virus in vivo (three intramuscular injections in mice every 14 days), increasing the survival rate of immunized mice to 100% against the controls (20% survival, Figure 18).153
T558 92958-93003 Sentence denotes Figure 18 Scheme of CaPNPs used for vaccine.
T559 93004-93009 Sentence denotes Left:
T560 93010-93090 Sentence denotes CaPNPs functionalized with CpGm adjuvant and two different peptides as antigens.
T561 93091-93101 Sentence denotes Top right:
T562 93102-93164 Sentence denotes CaPNPs were able to reduce cell-to-cell virus spread in vitro.
T563 93165-93178 Sentence denotes Bottom right:
T564 93179-93237 Sentence denotes CaP nanovaccines were able to immunize mice against HSV-1.
T565 93238-93280 Sentence denotes Reproduced with permission from ref (153).
T566 93281-93309 Sentence denotes Copyright 2019 Elsevier B.V.
T567 93311-93335 Sentence denotes Summary and Perspectives
T568 93336-93437 Sentence denotes The recent history has shown the spread of different viral pandemics such as H1N1 flu, HIV, and SARS.
T569 93438-93600 Sentence denotes Nowadays, the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic global lockdown has profoundly changed the daily life of most humans, causing uncertainty in short and middle time perspectives.
T570 93601-93766 Sentence denotes In this context, the scientific community has responded to protect the population by studying new vaccines and disinfection methods to be applied in the near future.
T571 93767-93931 Sentence denotes Despite this tough work, a SARS-Cov-2 vaccination will hopefully be available in 1–2 years, making this epidemic transient period gloomy with increased instability.
T572 93932-94056 Sentence denotes The study of more effective vaccines and the production of a wide range antiviral agents is nowadays an extremely hot topic.
T573 94057-94163 Sentence denotes HNMs comprise a family of materials that share a nanostructured hard core and a tunable surface chemistry.
T574 94164-94256 Sentence denotes In this contribution, we have methodically reviewed different HNMs for antiviral properties.
T575 94257-94424 Sentence denotes HNMs can have antiviral properties per se, blocking the viral replication and diffusion, or their antiviral properties can be tailored, playing with surface chemistry.
T576 94425-94503 Sentence denotes HNMs can be used to block viral entry and arrest infection at the early stage.
T577 94504-94755 Sentence denotes The mechanisms rely on different actions including breaking of capsid disulfide bonds (e.g., noble metal nanoparticles), capsid oxidation (e.g., CuONPs), mimicking of cell surface (e.g., carbon NMs), or mechanical disruption (e.g., AuNPs or graphene).
T578 94756-94879 Sentence denotes Surface functionalization additionally confers a higher specificity and pharmacological activity toward the targeted virus.
T579 94880-95185 Sentence denotes In particular, the high local concentration of ligands on functionalized HNM surface imparts a high multivalent effect, enhancing the viral trapping efficiency of NMs. Interestingly, HNMs that show an intrinsic antiviral activity can further enhance their antiviral efficacy via surface functionalization.
T580 95186-95364 Sentence denotes Some antiviral HNMs are good photosensitizers (e.g., CuONPs) or exert photothermal activity (e.g., carbon NMs), thus their antiviral activity can be trigged by light stimulation.
T581 95365-95501 Sentence denotes More importantly, most of the settled strategies target common viral entry mechanisms and can be adopted to fight a wide viral spectrum.
T582 95502-95587 Sentence denotes HNMs have been also applied as antiviral agents by their interaction with host cells.
T583 95588-95720 Sentence denotes HNMs are able to block viral replication machinery in host cells (e.g., CNTs and fullerenes), inhibiting endogenous enzyme activity.
T584 95721-95880 Sentence denotes Additionally, HNMs can be explored for the delivery of antiviral molecules, showing a better antiviral activity and reducing side effects in vitro and in vivo.
T585 95881-96014 Sentence denotes Some HNMs can also regulate the ROS homeostasis of host cells, reduce apoptosis, and enhance host cell survival during the infection.
T586 96015-96070 Sentence denotes Finally, we have reviewed the role of HNMs on immunity.
T587 96071-96192 Sentence denotes In particular, HNMs can stimulate the innate immune response, mainly inducing overexpression of interferon and cytokines.
T588 96193-96284 Sentence denotes This effect can alert sentinel cells and generally warn the immune system of the infection.
T589 96285-96382 Sentence denotes HNMs can be also used for the activation of the adaptive immune response, foreseeing vaccination.
T590 96383-96520 Sentence denotes Due to the similar size of a virus, functionalized HNMs with antiviral molecules (virus-like particles) can enhance their immunogenicity.
T591 96521-96605 Sentence denotes Certainly a huge effort should be done for translation of the research into clinics.
T592 96606-96686 Sentence denotes Indeed, HNM applications as antivirals are still in the early phase of research.
T593 96687-96753 Sentence denotes Several challenges still need to be tackled before their safe use.
T594 96754-96835 Sentence denotes At the current stage, some HNMs have been approved only for surface disinfection.
T595 96836-97004 Sentence denotes For instance, CuNPs have been used in filters for the preparation of highly efficient broad spectrum antiviral masks.50 Some HNMs have been already clinically approved.
T596 97005-97340 Sentence denotes For example, FeNPs were approved for imaging and as a drug to treat iron deficiency anemia in adult patients with chronic kidney disease, while AuNPs are in clinical trials for the treatment of prostate cancer (photothermal therapy).154,155 However, at the moment no clinical trials are running for the use of HNMs as antiviral agents.
T597 97341-97432 Sentence denotes In fact, there are still several concerns on the applications of HNMs in drug formulations.
T598 97433-97571 Sentence denotes Compared to molecules, where mainly concentration and exposure routes are concerned, solving HNM toxicity issues is much more complicated.
T599 97572-97700 Sentence denotes Composition, size, shape, and surface functionalization must be considered to respond to the requirement for safety regulations.
T600 97701-97784 Sentence denotes Additionally, interaction on HNMs with the immune system must be better elucidated.
T601 97785-98260 Sentence denotes In particular, the activation of the immune system and complement activation-related pseudoallergy must be taken into account.156 For instance, ferumoxytol (a FeNP-based drug) has been reported to generate severe anaphylactic reactions in humans, 18 of which were fatal.156 This is due to the possible interaction of HNMs with mast cells, provoking their degranulation/activation and release of histamine even at the first exposure (pseudoallergic-mediated hypersensitivity).
T602 98261-98598 Sentence denotes Besides, the mechanism of activation of these cells is still unknown, although it was found that it depends on the HNM composition, size, and surface chemistry and on the corona formation.156 On the other hand, it has been demonstrated that HNMs can travel to the draining lymph nodes, targeting resident dendritic cells and macrophages.
T603 98599-98993 Sentence denotes Therefore, they are able to interact with antigen presenting cells to stimulate innate and adaptive immune responses.156 We believe that a joint venture of different chemists, materials scientists, virologists, toxicologists, and medical doctors can push forward the preparation and safe application of HNMs in this field, hoping to prevent and eventually block the rise of new viral pandemics.
T604 98995-99047 Sentence denotes The authors declare no competing financial interest.
T605 99049-99064 Sentence denotes Acknowledgments
T606 99065-99164 Sentence denotes The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the EU Graphene Flagship project (no.
T607 99165-99173 Sentence denotes 881603).
T608 99174-99326 Sentence denotes This work was partly supported the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) through the LabEx project Chemistry of Complex Systems (ANR-10-LABX-0026_CSC).
T609 99327-99478 Sentence denotes We wish to acknowledge the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and the International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry (icFRC).
T610 99479-99595 Sentence denotes S.P. is indebted to the Chinese Scholarship Council for supporting her Ph.D. internship as a visiting Ph.D. student.
T611 99596-99701 Sentence denotes A.F.A. wish to thanks the EUR CSC Graduate School (Strasbourg, France) for supporting his Master studies.
T612 99702-99712 Sentence denotes Vocabulary
T613 99713-99816 Sentence denotes Hard nanomaterial nonpolymeric organic or inorganic materials with sizes comprised between 1 and 100 nm
T614 99817-99938 Sentence denotes antiviral medical term used for any agent or drug altering virus integrity or process involved in viral infection disease
T615 99939-100060 Sentence denotes viral infection process by which viruses invade the body through multiple pathways and multiply in susceptible host cells
T616 100061-100353 Sentence denotes viral pathogenesis approach in biomedical research to understand the process by which a viral infection leads to disease, including mechanism of infection into the host (e.g., viral entry, viral replication) and factors that affect this mechanism (e.g., virus susceptibility to host defenses)
T617 100354-100445 Sentence denotes membranotropism the ability of an organism or an agent to interact with biological barriers
T618 100446-100621 Sentence denotes immunogenicity capacity of an exogenous substance or material to trigger an immune response in humans and other animals or to induce a humoral and/or cellular immune responses
T619 100622-100739 Sentence denotes multifunctional platform material modified with different functionalities to achieve a variety of combined treatments

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T1 3479-3485 Phenotype denotes cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002664
T2 15829-15838 Phenotype denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012115
T3 18850-18865 Phenotype denotes drug resistance http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0020174
T4 27594-27602 Phenotype denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002014
T5 31130-31139 Phenotype denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012115
T6 32194-32203 Phenotype denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012115
T7 32956-32961 Phenotype denotes warts http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0200043
T8 46068-46080 Phenotype denotes encephalitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002383
T9 48349-48355 Phenotype denotes cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002664
T10 49419-49424 Phenotype denotes shock http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031273
T11 51888-51893 Phenotype denotes fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945
T12 53396-53405 Phenotype denotes papilloma http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012740
T13 56366-56374 Phenotype denotes diarrhea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002014
T14 58464-58473 Phenotype denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012115
T15 58635-58644 Phenotype denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012115
T16 60743-60758 Phenotype denotes drug resistance http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0020174
T17 64782-64791 Phenotype denotes Hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012115
T18 68590-68599 Phenotype denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012115
T19 69878-69894 Phenotype denotes oxidative stress http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0025464
T20 69964-69980 Phenotype denotes oxidative stress http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0025464
T21 74246-74251 Phenotype denotes edema http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000969
T22 74859-74875 Phenotype denotes oxidative stress http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0025464
T23 75739-75755 Phenotype denotes oxidative stress http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0025464
T24 85662-85668 Phenotype denotes cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002664
T25 86151-86160 Phenotype denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012115
T26 87122-87131 Phenotype denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012115
T27 92222-92231 Phenotype denotes hepatitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012115
T28 97073-97095 Phenotype denotes iron deficiency anemia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001891
T29 97119-97141 Phenotype denotes chronic kidney disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012622
T30 97199-97214 Phenotype denotes prostate cancer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012125
T31 98242-98258 Phenotype denotes hypersensitivity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0041092

2_test

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
32667191-27015417-153265 7379-7381 27015417 denotes 10
32667191-24979044-153266 11552-11554 24979044 denotes 12
32667191-23980510-153267 12444-12446 23980510 denotes 13
32667191-24979044-153268 13016-13018 24979044 denotes 12
32667191-23980510-153269 13349-13351 23980510 denotes 13
32667191-24754250-153270 13825-13827 24754250 denotes 14
32667191-23886562-153271 14357-14359 23886562 denotes 15
32667191-21945220-153272 14519-14521 21945220 denotes 21
32667191-18505176-153273 14627-14629 18505176 denotes 16
32667191-24979044-153274 14708-14710 24979044 denotes 12
32667191-23980510-153275 14799-14801 23980510 denotes 13
32667191-28040515-153276 15105-15107 28040515 denotes 24
32667191-24524838-153277 15219-15221 24524838 denotes 18
32667191-23886562-153278 15762-15764 23886562 denotes 15
32667191-18505176-153279 15874-15876 18505176 denotes 16
32667191-18505176-153280 16861-16863 18505176 denotes 16
32667191-24524838-153281 17524-17526 24524838 denotes 18
32667191-24406050-153282 18044-18046 24406050 denotes 25
32667191-24682984-153283 18442-18444 24682984 denotes 27
32667191-25117537-153284 19420-19422 25117537 denotes 28
32667191-27588566-153285 19876-19878 27588566 denotes 34
32667191-31582052-153286 20091-20093 31582052 denotes 29
32667191-25117537-153287 20643-20645 25117537 denotes 28
32667191-31582052-153288 21207-21209 31582052 denotes 29
32667191-24058438-153289 21784-21786 24058438 denotes 31
32667191-26781043-153290 22277-22279 26781043 denotes 33
32667191-26781043-153291 22630-22632 26781043 denotes 33
32667191-27588566-153292 22785-22787 27588566 denotes 34
32667191-15028666-153293 24456-24458 15028666 denotes 38
32667191-15028666-153294 25056-25058 15028666 denotes 38
32667191-26875938-153295 25143-25145 26875938 denotes 44
32667191-10966468-153296 27189-27191 10966468 denotes 41
32667191-26875938-153297 28102-28104 26875938 denotes 44
32667191-26875938-153298 28630-28632 26875938 denotes 44
32667191-21104827-153299 28750-28752 21104827 denotes 45
32667191-18473457-153300 29974-29976 18473457 denotes 46
32667191-28390972-153301 30331-30333 28390972 denotes 47
32667191-31099550-153302 30399-30401 31099550 denotes 48
32667191-17259354-153303 31094-31096 17259354 denotes 49
32667191-18592130-153304 31097-31099 18592130 denotes 51
32667191-15288958-153305 31120-31122 15288958 denotes 52
32667191-3021808-153306 31123-31125 3021808 denotes 54
32667191-8074518-153307 31148-31150 8074518 denotes 55
32667191-22227118-153308 31283-31285 22227118 denotes 56
32667191-22227118-153309 31452-31454 22227118 denotes 56
32667191-22227118-153310 31711-31713 22227118 denotes 56
32667191-22156433-153311 31748-31750 22156433 denotes 57
32667191-22227118-153312 31981-31983 22227118 denotes 56
32667191-26116793-153313 32206-32208 26116793 denotes 58
32667191-31271792-153314 32543-32545 31271792 denotes 59
32667191-26116793-153315 32798-32800 26116793 denotes 58
32667191-17768472-153316 32962-32964 17768472 denotes 60
32667191-17442091-153317 32965-32967 17442091 denotes 61
32667191-23047013-153318 33101-33103 23047013 denotes 62
32667191-23047013-153319 33343-33345 23047013 denotes 62
32667191-22156433-153320 34033-34035 22156433 denotes 57
32667191-28363838-153321 35682-35684 28363838 denotes 64
32667191-23281578-153322 36513-36515 23281578 denotes 66
32667191-22568899-153323 36516-36518 22568899 denotes 67
32667191-23281578-153324 36945-36947 23281578 denotes 66
32667191-24678063-153325 38113-38115 24678063 denotes 68
32667191-23281578-153326 38788-38790 23281578 denotes 66
32667191-27055288-153327 39029-39031 27055288 denotes 69
32667191-31469952-153328 39186-39188 31469952 denotes 70
32667191-32264418-153329 39504-39506 32264418 denotes 72
32667191-27055288-153330 40036-40038 27055288 denotes 69
32667191-23281578-153331 40261-40263 23281578 denotes 66
32667191-24678063-153332 40264-40266 24678063 denotes 68
32667191-31469952-153333 40540-40542 31469952 denotes 70
32667191-17150970-153334 40672-40674 17150970 denotes 71
32667191-32264418-153335 41673-41675 32264418 denotes 72
32667191-32285293-153336 43744-43746 32285293 denotes 73
32667191-30739009-153337 46203-46205 30739009 denotes 76
32667191-30739009-153338 46490-46492 30739009 denotes 76
32667191-28364126-153339 46745-46747 28364126 denotes 77
32667191-24180242-153340 47449-47451 24180242 denotes 78
32667191-28722038-153341 48728-48729 28722038 denotes 5
32667191-24364493-153342 51696-51698 24364493 denotes 84
32667191-31433428-153343 52096-52098 31433428 denotes 87
32667191-20394070-153344 53882-53884 20394070 denotes 89
32667191-29251725-153345 54598-54600 29251725 denotes 90
32667191-32064341-153346 55184-55186 32064341 denotes 91
32667191-25494677-153347 55511-55513 25494677 denotes 92
32667191-28917841-153348 56066-56068 28917841 denotes 93
32667191-26370151-153349 56437-56439 26370151 denotes 94
32667191-29251725-153350 56876-56878 29251725 denotes 90
32667191-28917841-153351 56950-56952 28917841 denotes 93
32667191-26370151-153352 57043-57045 26370151 denotes 94
32667191-29251725-153353 57263-57265 29251725 denotes 90
32667191-26370151-153354 57490-57492 26370151 denotes 94
32667191-24524838-153355 60468-60470 24524838 denotes 18
32667191-24524838-153356 60606-60608 24524838 denotes 18
32667191-14642323-153357 62546-62548 14642323 denotes 99
32667191-14643341-153358 62988-62991 14643341 denotes 100
32667191-15978810-153359 63103-63106 15978810 denotes 101
32667191-15686922-153360 63867-63870 15686922 denotes 102
32667191-17700846-153361 63952-63955 17700846 denotes 103
32667191-27431232-153362 64307-64310 27431232 denotes 104
32667191-31543960-153363 64428-64431 31543960 denotes 105
32667191-20661480-153364 64704-64707 20661480 denotes 106
32667191-15686922-153365 64818-64821 15686922 denotes 102
32667191-25796971-153366 67638-67641 25796971 denotes 112
32667191-25796971-153367 67781-67784 25796971 denotes 112
32667191-25796971-153368 69541-69544 25796971 denotes 112
32667191-8891667-153369 69923-69926 8891667 denotes 115
32667191-8891667-153370 70092-70095 8891667 denotes 115
32667191-16703568-153371 70370-70373 16703568 denotes 116
32667191-30346253-153372 71052-71055 30346253 denotes 117
32667191-31500628-153373 71056-71059 31500628 denotes 118
32667191-30346253-153374 72257-72260 30346253 denotes 117
32667191-31500628-153375 72261-72264 31500628 denotes 118
32667191-26302909-153376 73706-73709 26302909 denotes 120
32667191-32402576-153377 75010-75013 32402576 denotes 124
32667191-25428874-153378 77440-77443 25428874 denotes 125
32667191-25428874-153379 77610-77613 25428874 denotes 125
32667191-28958187-153380 78701-78704 28958187 denotes 126
32667191-29357226-153381 79589-79592 29357226 denotes 128
32667191-27381068-153382 80430-80433 27381068 denotes 131
32667191-27381068-153383 80718-80721 27381068 denotes 131
32667191-22755034-153384 81432-81435 22755034 denotes 134
32667191-32402576-153385 82620-82623 32402576 denotes 124
32667191-30633361-153386 83255-83258 30633361 denotes 135
32667191-30633361-153387 83613-83616 30633361 denotes 135
32667191-30633361-153388 84109-84112 30633361 denotes 135
32667191-30949169-153389 84183-84186 30949169 denotes 136
32667191-27183601-153390 84187-84190 27183601 denotes 137
32667191-30949169-153391 84840-84843 30949169 denotes 136
32667191-27183601-153392 84844-84847 27183601 denotes 137
32667191-27183601-153393 85309-85312 27183601 denotes 137
32667191-21897967-153394 85557-85560 21897967 denotes 138
32667191-25238620-153395 85684-85687 25238620 denotes 140
32667191-23963730-153396 85913-85916 23963730 denotes 141
32667191-23963730-153397 86142-86146 23963730 denotes 1141
32667191-11697222-153398 86462-86465 11697222 denotes 144
32667191-23963730-153399 86779-86782 23963730 denotes 141
32667191-27844462-153400 87476-87479 27844462 denotes 145
32667191-23963730-153401 88426-88429 23963730 denotes 141
32667191-30402771-153402 88777-88780 30402771 denotes 146
32667191-20400818-153403 89415-89418 20400818 denotes 148
32667191-28161578-153404 90638-90641 28161578 denotes 149
32667191-31692019-153405 91423-91426 31692019 denotes 150
32667191-31692019-153406 91701-91704 31692019 denotes 150
32667191-27593489-153407 92136-92139 27593489 denotes 151
32667191-31007088-153408 92342-92345 31007088 denotes 152
32667191-30594660-153409 92954-92957 30594660 denotes 153
32667191-30594660-153410 93275-93278 30594660 denotes 153
32667191-20592763-153411 96953-96955 20592763 denotes 50
32667191-29234213-153412 97238-97241 29234213 denotes 154
32667191-31451630-153413 97242-97245 31451630 denotes 155
32667191-32117324-153414 97911-97914 32117324 denotes 156
32667191-32117324-153415 98055-98058 32117324 denotes 156
32667191-32117324-153416 98449-98452 32117324 denotes 156
32667191-32117324-153417 98716-98719 32117324 denotes 156