PMC:7352545 / 53978-55058 JSONTXT

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    LitCovid_Glycan-Motif-Structure

    {"project":"LitCovid_Glycan-Motif-Structure","denotations":[{"id":"T190","span":{"begin":460,"end":462},"obj":"https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY"},{"id":"T191","span":{"begin":1030,"end":1032},"obj":"https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY"},{"id":"T192","span":{"begin":1053,"end":1055},"obj":"https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY"}],"text":"The Ser exopeptidase DPP-4/human CD26 (PDB: 4L72), a type II TM ectopeptidase, functions as a host cell receptor for MERS-CoV. The RBD structure was characterized by crystallography approaches of the MERS-CoV S glycoprotein–DPP4 complex. DPP4 is a single type II TM glycoprotein with a small cytoplasmic tail in the N-terminal region and is present as a homodimeric form. DPP4 cleaves X-proline dipeptides from the N-terminal region. S glycoprotein recognizes SA species and DPP44 as the attachment and entry receptors, respectively. The MERS-CoV S1 N-terminal domain attaches to DPP4 as the host receptor [81]. The S2 C-terminal domain of MERS-CoV anchors to cellular PM to enter. MERS-CoV S glycoprotein is cleaved at a sequence between the S1 and S2 domains [96]. Another cleavage site S2′ is present in the S2 domain. MERS CoV S glycoprotein sialyl receptors are expressed in the camel nasal respiratory epithelial cells and the human lung alveolar epithelial cells, which express DPP4. Binding capacities are hindered by the SA 9-O-acetyl group or SA 5-N-glycolyl group [75]."}

    LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T463","span":{"begin":99,"end":103},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T464","span":{"begin":211,"end":223},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T465","span":{"begin":266,"end":278},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T466","span":{"begin":292,"end":303},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T467","span":{"begin":387,"end":394},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T468","span":{"begin":436,"end":448},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T469","span":{"begin":693,"end":705},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T470","span":{"begin":833,"end":845},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T471","span":{"begin":908,"end":924},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T472","span":{"begin":919,"end":924},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T473","span":{"begin":939,"end":943},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T474","span":{"begin":944,"end":969},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T475","span":{"begin":964,"end":969},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A463","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T463","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A464","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T464","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925"},{"id":"A465","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T465","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925"},{"id":"A466","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T466","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66835"},{"id":"A467","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T467","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82761"},{"id":"A468","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T468","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925"},{"id":"A469","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T469","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925"},{"id":"A470","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T470","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925"},{"id":"A471","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T471","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma66768"},{"id":"A472","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T472","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"},{"id":"A473","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T473","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195"},{"id":"A474","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T474","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62499"},{"id":"A475","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T475","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646"}],"text":"The Ser exopeptidase DPP-4/human CD26 (PDB: 4L72), a type II TM ectopeptidase, functions as a host cell receptor for MERS-CoV. The RBD structure was characterized by crystallography approaches of the MERS-CoV S glycoprotein–DPP4 complex. DPP4 is a single type II TM glycoprotein with a small cytoplasmic tail in the N-terminal region and is present as a homodimeric form. DPP4 cleaves X-proline dipeptides from the N-terminal region. S glycoprotein recognizes SA species and DPP44 as the attachment and entry receptors, respectively. The MERS-CoV S1 N-terminal domain attaches to DPP4 as the host receptor [81]. The S2 C-terminal domain of MERS-CoV anchors to cellular PM to enter. MERS-CoV S glycoprotein is cleaved at a sequence between the S1 and S2 domains [96]. Another cleavage site S2′ is present in the S2 domain. MERS CoV S glycoprotein sialyl receptors are expressed in the camel nasal respiratory epithelial cells and the human lung alveolar epithelial cells, which express DPP4. Binding capacities are hindered by the SA 9-O-acetyl group or SA 5-N-glycolyl group [75]."}

    LitCovid-PD-UBERON

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T26","span":{"begin":304,"end":308},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T27","span":{"begin":939,"end":943},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A26","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T26","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002415"},{"id":"A27","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T27","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"}],"text":"The Ser exopeptidase DPP-4/human CD26 (PDB: 4L72), a type II TM ectopeptidase, functions as a host cell receptor for MERS-CoV. The RBD structure was characterized by crystallography approaches of the MERS-CoV S glycoprotein–DPP4 complex. DPP4 is a single type II TM glycoprotein with a small cytoplasmic tail in the N-terminal region and is present as a homodimeric form. DPP4 cleaves X-proline dipeptides from the N-terminal region. S glycoprotein recognizes SA species and DPP44 as the attachment and entry receptors, respectively. The MERS-CoV S1 N-terminal domain attaches to DPP4 as the host receptor [81]. The S2 C-terminal domain of MERS-CoV anchors to cellular PM to enter. MERS-CoV S glycoprotein is cleaved at a sequence between the S1 and S2 domains [96]. Another cleavage site S2′ is present in the S2 domain. MERS CoV S glycoprotein sialyl receptors are expressed in the camel nasal respiratory epithelial cells and the human lung alveolar epithelial cells, which express DPP4. Binding capacities are hindered by the SA 9-O-acetyl group or SA 5-N-glycolyl group [75]."}

    LitCovid-PD-CLO

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T749","span":{"begin":27,"end":32},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"},{"id":"T750","span":{"begin":51,"end":52},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T751","span":{"begin":92,"end":93},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T752","span":{"begin":99,"end":103},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T753","span":{"begin":246,"end":247},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T754","span":{"begin":284,"end":285},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T755","span":{"begin":304,"end":308},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002415"},{"id":"T756","span":{"begin":352,"end":353},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T757","span":{"begin":547,"end":549},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050050"},{"id":"T758","span":{"begin":616,"end":618},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922"},{"id":"T759","span":{"begin":616,"end":618},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052"},{"id":"T760","span":{"begin":720,"end":721},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T761","span":{"begin":743,"end":745},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050050"},{"id":"T762","span":{"begin":750,"end":752},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922"},{"id":"T763","span":{"begin":750,"end":752},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052"},{"id":"T764","span":{"begin":789,"end":791},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922"},{"id":"T765","span":{"begin":789,"end":791},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052"},{"id":"T766","span":{"begin":811,"end":813},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008922"},{"id":"T767","span":{"begin":811,"end":813},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050052"},{"id":"T768","span":{"begin":884,"end":889},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9837"},{"id":"T769","span":{"begin":908,"end":918},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000066"},{"id":"T770","span":{"begin":919,"end":924},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"},{"id":"T771","span":{"begin":933,"end":938},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606"},{"id":"T772","span":{"begin":939,"end":943},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"},{"id":"T773","span":{"begin":939,"end":943},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934"},{"id":"T774","span":{"begin":953,"end":963},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CL_0000066"},{"id":"T775","span":{"begin":964,"end":969},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623"}],"text":"The Ser exopeptidase DPP-4/human CD26 (PDB: 4L72), a type II TM ectopeptidase, functions as a host cell receptor for MERS-CoV. The RBD structure was characterized by crystallography approaches of the MERS-CoV S glycoprotein–DPP4 complex. DPP4 is a single type II TM glycoprotein with a small cytoplasmic tail in the N-terminal region and is present as a homodimeric form. DPP4 cleaves X-proline dipeptides from the N-terminal region. S glycoprotein recognizes SA species and DPP44 as the attachment and entry receptors, respectively. The MERS-CoV S1 N-terminal domain attaches to DPP4 as the host receptor [81]. The S2 C-terminal domain of MERS-CoV anchors to cellular PM to enter. MERS-CoV S glycoprotein is cleaved at a sequence between the S1 and S2 domains [96]. Another cleavage site S2′ is present in the S2 domain. MERS CoV S glycoprotein sialyl receptors are expressed in the camel nasal respiratory epithelial cells and the human lung alveolar epithelial cells, which express DPP4. Binding capacities are hindered by the SA 9-O-acetyl group or SA 5-N-glycolyl group [75]."}

    LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

    {"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T90351","span":{"begin":4,"end":7},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T82","span":{"begin":21,"end":24},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T84","span":{"begin":58,"end":60},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T22427","span":{"begin":61,"end":63},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T57434","span":{"begin":211,"end":223},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T89040","span":{"begin":260,"end":262},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T89","span":{"begin":263,"end":265},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T91","span":{"begin":266,"end":278},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T92","span":{"begin":387,"end":394},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T94","span":{"begin":395,"end":405},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T24076","span":{"begin":436,"end":448},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T96","span":{"begin":460,"end":462},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T101","span":{"begin":616,"end":618},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T20492","span":{"begin":669,"end":671},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T105","span":{"begin":693,"end":705},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T106","span":{"begin":750,"end":752},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T107","span":{"begin":789,"end":791},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T69256","span":{"begin":811,"end":813},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T51531","span":{"begin":833,"end":845},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T14157","span":{"begin":1030,"end":1032},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T8117","span":{"begin":1037,"end":1049},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T86701","span":{"begin":1037,"end":1043},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T82881","span":{"begin":1044,"end":1049},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T24700","span":{"begin":1053,"end":1055},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T123","span":{"begin":1060,"end":1068},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T124","span":{"begin":1069,"end":1074},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A37435","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T90351","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17115"},{"id":"A45327","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T90351","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29999"},{"id":"A13927","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T82","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_34680"},{"id":"A84706","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T82","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60069"},{"id":"A57211","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T84","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74067"},{"id":"A5361","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T22427","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_55460"},{"id":"A62797","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T22427","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74861"},{"id":"A63154","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T57434","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089"},{"id":"A38195","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T89040","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74067"},{"id":"A11444","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T89","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_55460"},{"id":"A85672","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T89","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74861"},{"id":"A93817","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T91","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089"},{"id":"A52890","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T92","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17203"},{"id":"A86432","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T92","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26271"},{"id":"A70757","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T94","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46761"},{"id":"A21794","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T24076","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089"},{"id":"A37687","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T96","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35962"},{"id":"A87831","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T96","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38358"},{"id":"A95398","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T96","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45373"},{"id":"A7430","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T96","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74801"},{"id":"A60846","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T96","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26667"},{"id":"A64801","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T101","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387"},{"id":"A36035","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T20492","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_141444"},{"id":"A42160","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T20492","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16410"},{"id":"A47561","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T20492","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53551"},{"id":"A38374","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T105","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089"},{"id":"A99050","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T106","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387"},{"id":"A54986","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T107","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387"},{"id":"A30503","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T69256","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29387"},{"id":"A72371","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T51531","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089"},{"id":"A81909","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T14157","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35962"},{"id":"A71518","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T14157","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38358"},{"id":"A46875","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T14157","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45373"},{"id":"A41065","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T14157","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74801"},{"id":"A84743","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T14157","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26667"},{"id":"A5264","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T8117","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_40574"},{"id":"A22062","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T86701","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46887"},{"id":"A74604","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T82881","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433"},{"id":"A37211","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T24700","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35962"},{"id":"A89894","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T24700","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38358"},{"id":"A22150","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T24700","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45373"},{"id":"A93338","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T24700","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74801"},{"id":"A57025","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T24700","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26667"},{"id":"A34574","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T123","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30884"},{"id":"A84827","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T124","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433"}],"text":"The Ser exopeptidase DPP-4/human CD26 (PDB: 4L72), a type II TM ectopeptidase, functions as a host cell receptor for MERS-CoV. The RBD structure was characterized by crystallography approaches of the MERS-CoV S glycoprotein–DPP4 complex. DPP4 is a single type II TM glycoprotein with a small cytoplasmic tail in the N-terminal region and is present as a homodimeric form. DPP4 cleaves X-proline dipeptides from the N-terminal region. S glycoprotein recognizes SA species and DPP44 as the attachment and entry receptors, respectively. The MERS-CoV S1 N-terminal domain attaches to DPP4 as the host receptor [81]. The S2 C-terminal domain of MERS-CoV anchors to cellular PM to enter. MERS-CoV S glycoprotein is cleaved at a sequence between the S1 and S2 domains [96]. Another cleavage site S2′ is present in the S2 domain. MERS CoV S glycoprotein sialyl receptors are expressed in the camel nasal respiratory epithelial cells and the human lung alveolar epithelial cells, which express DPP4. Binding capacities are hindered by the SA 9-O-acetyl group or SA 5-N-glycolyl group [75]."}

    LitCovid-sentences

    {"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T520","span":{"begin":0,"end":43},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T521","span":{"begin":44,"end":126},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T522","span":{"begin":127,"end":237},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T523","span":{"begin":238,"end":371},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T524","span":{"begin":372,"end":433},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T525","span":{"begin":434,"end":533},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T526","span":{"begin":534,"end":611},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T527","span":{"begin":612,"end":681},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T528","span":{"begin":682,"end":766},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T529","span":{"begin":767,"end":821},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T530","span":{"begin":822,"end":990},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T531","span":{"begin":991,"end":1080},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"The Ser exopeptidase DPP-4/human CD26 (PDB: 4L72), a type II TM ectopeptidase, functions as a host cell receptor for MERS-CoV. The RBD structure was characterized by crystallography approaches of the MERS-CoV S glycoprotein–DPP4 complex. DPP4 is a single type II TM glycoprotein with a small cytoplasmic tail in the N-terminal region and is present as a homodimeric form. DPP4 cleaves X-proline dipeptides from the N-terminal region. S glycoprotein recognizes SA species and DPP44 as the attachment and entry receptors, respectively. The MERS-CoV S1 N-terminal domain attaches to DPP4 as the host receptor [81]. The S2 C-terminal domain of MERS-CoV anchors to cellular PM to enter. MERS-CoV S glycoprotein is cleaved at a sequence between the S1 and S2 domains [96]. Another cleavage site S2′ is present in the S2 domain. MERS CoV S glycoprotein sialyl receptors are expressed in the camel nasal respiratory epithelial cells and the human lung alveolar epithelial cells, which express DPP4. Binding capacities are hindered by the SA 9-O-acetyl group or SA 5-N-glycolyl group [75]."}

    2_test

    {"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"32604730-23486063-51944059","span":{"begin":607,"end":609},"obj":"23486063"},{"id":"32604730-27791014-51944060","span":{"begin":762,"end":764},"obj":"27791014"},{"id":"32604730-28923942-51944061","span":{"begin":1076,"end":1078},"obj":"28923942"},{"id":"T57405","span":{"begin":607,"end":609},"obj":"23486063"},{"id":"T40903","span":{"begin":762,"end":764},"obj":"27791014"},{"id":"T18110","span":{"begin":1076,"end":1078},"obj":"28923942"}],"text":"The Ser exopeptidase DPP-4/human CD26 (PDB: 4L72), a type II TM ectopeptidase, functions as a host cell receptor for MERS-CoV. The RBD structure was characterized by crystallography approaches of the MERS-CoV S glycoprotein–DPP4 complex. DPP4 is a single type II TM glycoprotein with a small cytoplasmic tail in the N-terminal region and is present as a homodimeric form. DPP4 cleaves X-proline dipeptides from the N-terminal region. S glycoprotein recognizes SA species and DPP44 as the attachment and entry receptors, respectively. The MERS-CoV S1 N-terminal domain attaches to DPP4 as the host receptor [81]. The S2 C-terminal domain of MERS-CoV anchors to cellular PM to enter. MERS-CoV S glycoprotein is cleaved at a sequence between the S1 and S2 domains [96]. Another cleavage site S2′ is present in the S2 domain. MERS CoV S glycoprotein sialyl receptors are expressed in the camel nasal respiratory epithelial cells and the human lung alveolar epithelial cells, which express DPP4. Binding capacities are hindered by the SA 9-O-acetyl group or SA 5-N-glycolyl group [75]."}