PMC:7352545 / 138-3437
Annnotations
LitCovid_Glycan-Motif-Structure
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 280-291 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY | denotes | sialic acid |
T2 | 293-295 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY | denotes | SA |
T3 | 707-709 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY | denotes | SA |
T4 | 829-831 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY | denotes | SA |
T5 | 900-902 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY | denotes | SA |
T6 | 1037-1039 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY | denotes | SA |
T7 | 1244-1246 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY | denotes | SA |
T8 | 1431-1433 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY | denotes | SA |
T9 | 1530-1532 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY | denotes | SA |
T10 | 1611-1613 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY | denotes | SA |
T11 | 2162-2164 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY | denotes | SA |
T12 | 2199-2201 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY | denotes | SA |
T13 | 2327-2329 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY | denotes | SA |
T14 | 2346-2348 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY | denotes | SA |
T15 | 2434-2436 | https://glytoucan.org/Structures/Glycans/G81533KY | denotes | SA |
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | fma_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 418-430 | Body_part | denotes | glycoprotein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62925 |
T2 | 506-511 | Body_part | denotes | cells | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646 |
T3 | 1061-1068 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T4 | 1069-1081 | Body_part | denotes | carbohydrate | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82737 |
T5 | 1110-1122 | Body_part | denotes | carbohydrate | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82737 |
T6 | 1149-1153 | Body_part | denotes | gene | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402 |
T7 | 1216-1220 | Body_part | denotes | gene | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402 |
T8 | 1852-1856 | Body_part | denotes | gene | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma74402 |
T9 | 2236-2243 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T10 | 2368-2375 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T11 | 2590-2602 | Body_part | denotes | carbohydrate | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma82737 |
T12 | 2622-2630 | Body_part | denotes | proteins | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
T13 | 2892-2900 | Body_part | denotes | proteins | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
LitCovid-PubTator
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | tao:has_database_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
51 | 524-546 | Gene | denotes | hemagglutinin-esterase | Gene:17603139 |
52 | 21-31 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
53 | 229-232 | Species | denotes | CoV | Tax:11118 |
54 | 251-268 | Species | denotes | influenza viruses | Tax:11308 |
55 | 324-334 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
56 | 434-444 | Species | denotes | SARS CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
57 | 513-523 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
58 | 634-638 | Species | denotes | CoVs | Tax:11118 |
59 | 735-739 | Species | denotes | CoVs | Tax:11118 |
60 | 1175-1180 | Species | denotes | β-CoV | Tax:694002 |
61 | 1267-1282 | Species | denotes | influenza virus | Tax:11308 |
62 | 1465-1468 | Species | denotes | CoV | Tax:11118 |
63 | 1964-1980 | Species | denotes | bovine torovirus | Tax:74501 |
64 | 2046-2052 | Species | denotes | murine | Tax:10090 |
65 | 2053-2057 | Species | denotes | CoVs | Tax:11118 |
66 | 2083-2088 | Species | denotes | β-CoV | Tax:694002 |
67 | 2904-2914 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
68 | 3036-3046 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
69 | 3093-3101 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
70 | 3153-3163 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
71 | 412-417 | Gene | denotes | spike | Gene:43740568 |
72 | 280-291 | Chemical | denotes | sialic acid | MESH:D019158 |
73 | 574-580 | Chemical | denotes | glycan | MESH:D011134 |
74 | 649-663 | Chemical | denotes | 9-O-acetyl-SAs | |
75 | 696-709 | Chemical | denotes | 4-O-acetyl-SA | |
76 | 1002-1012 | Chemical | denotes | 4-O-acetyl | |
77 | 1026-1039 | Chemical | denotes | 9-O-acetyl SA | MESH:C025676 |
78 | 1069-1081 | Chemical | denotes | carbohydrate | MESH:D002241 |
79 | 1110-1122 | Chemical | denotes | carbohydrate | MESH:D002241 |
80 | 1237-1246 | Chemical | denotes | 9-O-Ac-SA | |
81 | 1445-1452 | Chemical | denotes | glycans | MESH:D011134 |
82 | 1530-1539 | Chemical | denotes | SA-glycan | |
83 | 1905-1920 | Chemical | denotes | 7,9-di-O-Ac-SAs | |
84 | 2155-2164 | Chemical | denotes | 9-O-Ac-SA | |
85 | 2192-2201 | Chemical | denotes | 4-O-Ac-SA | |
86 | 2320-2329 | Chemical | denotes | acetyl SA | |
87 | 2339-2348 | Chemical | denotes | acetyl SA | |
88 | 2376-2382 | Chemical | denotes | glycan | MESH:D011134 |
89 | 2590-2602 | Chemical | denotes | carbohydrate | MESH:D002241 |
90 | 2603-2609 | Chemical | denotes | glycan | MESH:D011134 |
91 | 3232-3238 | Chemical | denotes | glycan | MESH:D011134 |
92 | 80-104 | Disease | denotes | coronavirus disease 2019 | MESH:C000657245 |
93 | 106-114 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
94 | 159-172 | Disease | denotes | CoV infection | MESH:D018352 |
95 | 189-205 | Disease | denotes | zoonotic disease | MESH:D015047 |
96 | 863-880 | Disease | denotes | quasi-synchronous | MESH:D009378 |
97 | 3084-3092 | Disease | denotes | infected | MESH:D007239 |
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | mondo_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T2 | 21-29 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T3 | 80-104 | Disease | denotes | coronavirus disease 2019 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T4 | 106-114 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T5 | 163-172 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
T6 | 189-205 | Disease | denotes | zoonotic disease | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0025481 |
T7 | 251-260 | Disease | denotes | influenza | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812 |
T8 | 324-332 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T9 | 434-438 | Disease | denotes | SARS | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T10 | 513-521 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T11 | 1267-1276 | Disease | denotes | influenza | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812 |
T12 | 2904-2912 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T13 | 3036-3044 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T14 | 3153-3161 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
LitCovid-PD-CLO
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T2 | 261-268 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | viruses |
T3 | 378-381 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051568 | denotes | SAs |
T4 | 475-482 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | viruses |
T5 | 506-511 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 | denotes | cells |
T6 | 660-663 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051568 | denotes | SAs |
T7 | 778-781 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051568 | denotes | SAs |
T8 | 820-823 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051568 | denotes | SAs |
T9 | 1149-1153 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | gene |
T10 | 1173-1174 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T11 | 1189-1190 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
T12 | 1216-1220 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | gene |
T13 | 1235-1238 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001618 | denotes | a 9 |
T14 | 1235-1238 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001619 | denotes | a 9 |
T15 | 1235-1238 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001620 | denotes | a 9 |
T16 | 1277-1282 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
T17 | 1500-1505 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
T18 | 1631-1632 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T19 | 1736-1743 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | viruses |
T20 | 1780-1785 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
T21 | 1830-1831 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
T22 | 1852-1856 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGG_0000000002 | denotes | gene |
T23 | 1917-1920 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051568 | denotes | SAs |
T24 | 1948-1949 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T25 | 1985-1986 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
T26 | 2014-2015 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T27 | 2097-2098 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
T28 | 2289-2294 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
T29 | 2655-2660 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 | denotes | virus |
T30 | 3204-3212 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | activate |
LitCovid-PD-CHEBI
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | chebi_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 280-291 | Chemical | denotes | sialic acid | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26667 |
T2 | 287-291 | Chemical | denotes | acid | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37527 |
T3 | 293-295 | Chemical | denotes | SA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35962|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38358|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45373|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74801|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26667 |
T8 | 418-430 | Chemical | denotes | glycoprotein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17089 |
T9 | 653-659 | Chemical | denotes | acetyl | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_40574|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46887 |
T11 | 700-706 | Chemical | denotes | acetyl | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_40574|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46887 |
T13 | 707-709 | Chemical | denotes | SA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35962|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38358|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45373|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74801|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26667 |
T18 | 775-777 | Chemical | denotes | Ac | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33337|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_40574 |
T20 | 791-793 | Chemical | denotes | II | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74067 |
T21 | 817-819 | Chemical | denotes | Ac | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33337|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_40574 |
T23 | 829-831 | Chemical | denotes | SA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35962|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38358|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45373|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74801|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26667 |
T28 | 900-902 | Chemical | denotes | SA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35962|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38358|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45373|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74801|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26667 |
T33 | 1006-1012 | Chemical | denotes | acetyl | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_40574|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46887 |
T35 | 1030-1036 | Chemical | denotes | acetyl | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_40574|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46887 |
T37 | 1037-1039 | Chemical | denotes | SA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35962|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38358|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45373|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74801|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26667 |
T42 | 1061-1068 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T43 | 1069-1081 | Chemical | denotes | carbohydrate | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16646 |
T44 | 1110-1122 | Chemical | denotes | carbohydrate | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16646 |
T45 | 1241-1243 | Chemical | denotes | Ac | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33337|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_40574 |
T47 | 1244-1246 | Chemical | denotes | SA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35962|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38358|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45373|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74801|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26667 |
T52 | 1431-1433 | Chemical | denotes | SA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35962|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38358|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45373|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74801|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26667 |
T57 | 1445-1452 | Chemical | denotes | glycans | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18154 |
T58 | 1530-1532 | Chemical | denotes | SA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35962|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38358|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45373|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74801|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26667 |
T63 | 1611-1613 | Chemical | denotes | SA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35962|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38358|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45373|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74801|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26667 |
T68 | 1614-1620 | Chemical | denotes | ligand | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214 |
T69 | 1914-1916 | Chemical | denotes | Ac | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33337|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_40574 |
T71 | 2159-2161 | Chemical | denotes | Ac | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33337|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_40574 |
T73 | 2162-2164 | Chemical | denotes | SA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35962|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38358|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45373|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74801|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26667 |
T78 | 2196-2198 | Chemical | denotes | Ac | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33337|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_40574 |
T80 | 2199-2201 | Chemical | denotes | SA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35962|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38358|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45373|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74801|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26667 |
T85 | 2208-2210 | Chemical | denotes | II | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74067 |
T86 | 2236-2243 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T87 | 2268-2270 | Chemical | denotes | II | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74067 |
T88 | 2320-2326 | Chemical | denotes | acetyl | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_40574|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46887 |
T90 | 2327-2329 | Chemical | denotes | SA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35962|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38358|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45373|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74801|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26667 |
T95 | 2339-2345 | Chemical | denotes | acetyl | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_40574|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46887 |
T97 | 2346-2348 | Chemical | denotes | SA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35962|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38358|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45373|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74801|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26667 |
T102 | 2368-2375 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T103 | 2434-2436 | Chemical | denotes | SA | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35962|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38358|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45373|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74801|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26667 |
T108 | 2437-2443 | Chemical | denotes | ligand | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214 |
T109 | 2590-2602 | Chemical | denotes | carbohydrate | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16646 |
T110 | 2622-2630 | Chemical | denotes | proteins | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T111 | 2631-2640 | Chemical | denotes | molecules | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25367 |
T112 | 2739-2748 | Chemical | denotes | antiviral | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22587 |
T113 | 2892-2900 | Chemical | denotes | proteins | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T114 | 3074-3079 | Chemical | denotes | drugs | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888 |
T115 | 3266-3270 | Chemical | denotes | drug | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888 |
LitCovid-PD-GO-BP
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T3 | 1821-1828 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009606 | denotes | tropism |
T4 | 2683-2690 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009606 | denotes | tropism |
LitCovid-sentences
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T3 | 0-125 | Sentence | denotes | The recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 is the cause of the global health crisis of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. |
T4 | 126-297 | Sentence | denotes | No evidence is yet available for CoV infection into hosts upon zoonotic disease outbreak, although the CoV epidemy resembles influenza viruses, which use sialic acid (SA). |
T5 | 298-364 | Sentence | denotes | Currently, information on SARS-CoV-2 and its receptors is limited. |
T6 | 365-512 | Sentence | denotes | O-acetylated SAs interact with the lectin-like spike glycoprotein of SARS CoV-2 for the initial attachment of viruses to enter into the host cells. |
T7 | 513-626 | Sentence | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) acts as the classical glycan-binding lectin and receptor-degrading enzyme. |
T8 | 627-740 | Sentence | denotes | Most β-CoVs recognize 9-O-acetyl-SAs but switched to recognizing the 4-O-acetyl-SA form during evolution of CoVs. |
T9 | 741-824 | Sentence | denotes | Type I HE is specific for the 9-O-Ac-SAs and type II HE is specific for 4-O-Ac-SAs. |
T10 | 825-956 | Sentence | denotes | The SA-binding shift proceeds through quasi-synchronous adaptations of the SA-recognition sites of the lectin and esterase domains. |
T11 | 957-1141 | Sentence | denotes | The molecular switching of HE acquisition of 4-O-acetyl binding from 9-O-acetyl SA binding is caused by protein–carbohydrate interaction (PCI) or lectin–carbohydrate interaction (LCI). |
T12 | 1142-1287 | Sentence | denotes | The HE gene was transmitted to a β-CoV lineage A progenitor by horizontal gene transfer from a 9-O-Ac-SA–specific HEF, as in influenza virus C/D. |
T13 | 1288-1378 | Sentence | denotes | HE acquisition, and expansion takes place by cross-species transmission over HE evolution. |
T14 | 1379-1453 | Sentence | denotes | This reflects viral evolutionary adaptation to host SA-containing glycans. |
T15 | 1454-1563 | Sentence | denotes | Therefore, CoV HE receptor switching precedes virus evolution driven by the SA-glycan diversity of the hosts. |
T16 | 1564-1696 | Sentence | denotes | The PCI or LCI stereochemistry potentiates the SA–ligand switch by a simple conformational shift of the lectin and esterase domains. |
T17 | 1697-1829 | Sentence | denotes | Therefore, examination of new emerging viruses can lead to better understanding of virus evolution toward transitional host tropism. |
T18 | 1830-1984 | Sentence | denotes | A clear example of HE gene transfer is found in the BCoV HE, which prefers 7,9-di-O-Ac-SAs, which is also known to be a target of the bovine torovirus HE. |
T19 | 1985-2231 | Sentence | denotes | A more exciting case of such a switching event occurs in the murine CoVs, with the example of the β-CoV lineage A type binding with two different subtypes of the typical 9-O-Ac-SA (type I) and the exclusive 4-O-Ac-SA (type II) attachment factors. |
T20 | 2232-2349 | Sentence | denotes | The protein structure data for type II HE also imply the virus switching to binding 4-O acetyl SA from 9-O acetyl SA. |
T21 | 2350-2519 | Sentence | denotes | Principles of the protein–glycan interaction and PCI stereochemistry potentiate the SA–ligand switch via simple conformational shifts of the lectin and esterase domains. |
T22 | 2520-2691 | Sentence | denotes | Thus, our understanding of natural adaptation can be specified to how carbohydrate/glycan-recognizing proteins/molecules contribute to virus evolution toward host tropism. |
T23 | 2692-2848 | Sentence | denotes | Under the current circumstances where reliable antiviral therapeutics or vaccination tools are lacking, several trials are underway to examine viral agents. |
T24 | 2849-2994 | Sentence | denotes | As expected, structural and non-structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 are currently being targeted for viral therapeutic designation and development. |
T25 | 2995-3102 | Sentence | denotes | However, the modern global society needs SARS-CoV-2 preventive and therapeutic drugs for infected patients. |
T26 | 3103-3299 | Sentence | denotes | In this review, the structure and sialobiology of SARS-CoV-2 are discussed in order to encourage and activate public research on glycan-specific interaction-based drug creation in the near future. |