PMC:7341831 / 705-3057 JSON TXT

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LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":1268,"end":1273},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":1676,"end":1681},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":2038,"end":2042},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A3","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63083"},{"id":"A4","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670"},{"id":"A5","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195"}],"text":"INTRODUCTION\nCOVID-19 is characterized by asymptomatic and/or mild flu-like symptoms; however, about 20% of patients may progress to pneumonia and sepsis, thus requiring intensive support 1 . Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome due to viral infections, such as SARS-CoV-2, are prone to secondary complications, including aspergillosis 2 . Invasive aspergillosis is not uncommon in immunocompromised patients, and is a well-described complication in acute respiratory failure and severe influenza-related pneumonia 3 . A retrospective multicenter cohort study showed that influenza infection was an independent risk factor for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) 4 .\nAlthough influenza-associated IPA is associated with high mortality and morbidity, its pathogenesis is not well known 3 . Direct immunomodulation and the use of drugs, such as oseltamivir and corticosteroids, may play a role 5 , 6 . Wang et al. 2 reported a patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), who died of aspergillosis after prolonged treatment with corticosteroids. Blaize et al. 7 and Antinori et al. 8 reported fatal cases of IPA in immunocompetent patients with severe COVID-19, whose bronchoalveolar aspirate grew Aspergillus fumigatus and had a positive serum galactomannan (GM) antigen. Antinori et al. 8 evidenced the pathological pulmonary alterations postmortem and confirmed the infective Aspergillus via molecular techniques. It is possible that aspergillosis could predispose patients with COVID-19 to clinical worsening.\nTherefore, testing for the presence of Aspergillus spp in lower respiratory secretions and GM (not routinely positive in peripheral blood) in patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit (ICU) should be considered to allow timely treatment and avoid potential immunosuppression with the use of medications 5 , 6 . However, conducting a bronchoscopy in patients with COVID-19 is relatively contraindicated due to the biological risk and clinical deterioration caused by the procedure 9 . Lung biopsy, which might also be considered a gold standard diagnosis method, is also impractical in such a scenario.\nLatin America seems to be the most recent COVID-19 epicenter, after Asia, Europe, and the US. In Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon, more than 2,000 deaths were officially reported in April/May 2020."}

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":1268,"end":1273},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":1676,"end":1681},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":2038,"end":2042},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A2","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001977"},{"id":"A3","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178"},{"id":"A4","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"}],"text":"INTRODUCTION\nCOVID-19 is characterized by asymptomatic and/or mild flu-like symptoms; however, about 20% of patients may progress to pneumonia and sepsis, thus requiring intensive support 1 . Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome due to viral infections, such as SARS-CoV-2, are prone to secondary complications, including aspergillosis 2 . Invasive aspergillosis is not uncommon in immunocompromised patients, and is a well-described complication in acute respiratory failure and severe influenza-related pneumonia 3 . A retrospective multicenter cohort study showed that influenza infection was an independent risk factor for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) 4 .\nAlthough influenza-associated IPA is associated with high mortality and morbidity, its pathogenesis is not well known 3 . Direct immunomodulation and the use of drugs, such as oseltamivir and corticosteroids, may play a role 5 , 6 . Wang et al. 2 reported a patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), who died of aspergillosis after prolonged treatment with corticosteroids. Blaize et al. 7 and Antinori et al. 8 reported fatal cases of IPA in immunocompetent patients with severe COVID-19, whose bronchoalveolar aspirate grew Aspergillus fumigatus and had a positive serum galactomannan (GM) antigen. Antinori et al. 8 evidenced the pathological pulmonary alterations postmortem and confirmed the infective Aspergillus via molecular techniques. It is possible that aspergillosis could predispose patients with COVID-19 to clinical worsening.\nTherefore, testing for the presence of Aspergillus spp in lower respiratory secretions and GM (not routinely positive in peripheral blood) in patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit (ICU) should be considered to allow timely treatment and avoid potential immunosuppression with the use of medications 5 , 6 . However, conducting a bronchoscopy in patients with COVID-19 is relatively contraindicated due to the biological risk and clinical deterioration caused by the procedure 9 . Lung biopsy, which might also be considered a gold standard diagnosis method, is also impractical in such a scenario.\nLatin America seems to be the most recent COVID-19 epicenter, after Asia, Europe, and the US. In Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon, more than 2,000 deaths were officially reported in April/May 2020."}

LitCovid-PubTator

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

LitCovid-PD-CLO

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":430,"end":431},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":532,"end":533},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":901,"end":902},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":942,"end":943},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1257,"end":1258},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1555,"end":1562},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":1676,"end":1681},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":1676,"end":1681},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":1885,"end":1886},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":2038,"end":2042},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":2038,"end":2042},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":2082,"end":2083},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":2144,"end":2145},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"}],"text":"INTRODUCTION\nCOVID-19 is characterized by asymptomatic and/or mild flu-like symptoms; however, about 20% of patients may progress to pneumonia and sepsis, thus requiring intensive support 1 . Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome due to viral infections, such as SARS-CoV-2, are prone to secondary complications, including aspergillosis 2 . Invasive aspergillosis is not uncommon in immunocompromised patients, and is a well-described complication in acute respiratory failure and severe influenza-related pneumonia 3 . A retrospective multicenter cohort study showed that influenza infection was an independent risk factor for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) 4 .\nAlthough influenza-associated IPA is associated with high mortality and morbidity, its pathogenesis is not well known 3 . Direct immunomodulation and the use of drugs, such as oseltamivir and corticosteroids, may play a role 5 , 6 . Wang et al. 2 reported a patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), who died of aspergillosis after prolonged treatment with corticosteroids. Blaize et al. 7 and Antinori et al. 8 reported fatal cases of IPA in immunocompetent patients with severe COVID-19, whose bronchoalveolar aspirate grew Aspergillus fumigatus and had a positive serum galactomannan (GM) antigen. Antinori et al. 8 evidenced the pathological pulmonary alterations postmortem and confirmed the infective Aspergillus via molecular techniques. It is possible that aspergillosis could predispose patients with COVID-19 to clinical worsening.\nTherefore, testing for the presence of Aspergillus spp in lower respiratory secretions and GM (not routinely positive in peripheral blood) in patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit (ICU) should be considered to allow timely treatment and avoid potential immunosuppression with the use of medications 5 , 6 . However, conducting a bronchoscopy in patients with COVID-19 is relatively contraindicated due to the biological risk and clinical deterioration caused by the procedure 9 . Lung biopsy, which might also be considered a gold standard diagnosis method, is also impractical in such a scenario.\nLatin America seems to be the most recent COVID-19 epicenter, after Asia, Europe, and the US. In Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon, more than 2,000 deaths were officially reported in April/May 2020."}

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":249,"end":265},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":770,"end":782},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":1620,"end":1630},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046903"}],"text":"INTRODUCTION\nCOVID-19 is characterized by asymptomatic and/or mild flu-like symptoms; however, about 20% of patients may progress to pneumonia and sepsis, thus requiring intensive support 1 . Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome due to viral infections, such as SARS-CoV-2, are prone to secondary complications, including aspergillosis 2 . Invasive aspergillosis is not uncommon in immunocompromised patients, and is a well-described complication in acute respiratory failure and severe influenza-related pneumonia 3 . A retrospective multicenter cohort study showed that influenza infection was an independent risk factor for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) 4 .\nAlthough influenza-associated IPA is associated with high mortality and morbidity, its pathogenesis is not well known 3 . Direct immunomodulation and the use of drugs, such as oseltamivir and corticosteroids, may play a role 5 , 6 . Wang et al. 2 reported a patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), who died of aspergillosis after prolonged treatment with corticosteroids. Blaize et al. 7 and Antinori et al. 8 reported fatal cases of IPA in immunocompetent patients with severe COVID-19, whose bronchoalveolar aspirate grew Aspergillus fumigatus and had a positive serum galactomannan (GM) antigen. Antinori et al. 8 evidenced the pathological pulmonary alterations postmortem and confirmed the infective Aspergillus via molecular techniques. It is possible that aspergillosis could predispose patients with COVID-19 to clinical worsening.\nTherefore, testing for the presence of Aspergillus spp in lower respiratory secretions and GM (not routinely positive in peripheral blood) in patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit (ICU) should be considered to allow timely treatment and avoid potential immunosuppression with the use of medications 5 , 6 . However, conducting a bronchoscopy in patients with COVID-19 is relatively contraindicated due to the biological risk and clinical deterioration caused by the procedure 9 . Lung biopsy, which might also be considered a gold standard diagnosis method, is also impractical in such a scenario.\nLatin America seems to be the most recent COVID-19 epicenter, after Asia, Europe, and the US. In Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon, more than 2,000 deaths were officially reported in April/May 2020."}

LitCovid-PD-GlycoEpitope

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GlycoEpitope","denotations":[{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":1274,"end":1287},"obj":"GlycoEpitope"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":1289,"end":1291},"obj":"GlycoEpitope"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":1635,"end":1637},"obj":"GlycoEpitope"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A2","pred":"glyco_epitope_db_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0510"},{"id":"A3","pred":"glyco_epitope_db_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0510"},{"id":"A4","pred":"glyco_epitope_db_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/EP0510"}],"text":"INTRODUCTION\nCOVID-19 is characterized by asymptomatic and/or mild flu-like symptoms; however, about 20% of patients may progress to pneumonia and sepsis, thus requiring intensive support 1 . Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome due to viral infections, such as SARS-CoV-2, are prone to secondary complications, including aspergillosis 2 . Invasive aspergillosis is not uncommon in immunocompromised patients, and is a well-described complication in acute respiratory failure and severe influenza-related pneumonia 3 . A retrospective multicenter cohort study showed that influenza infection was an independent risk factor for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) 4 .\nAlthough influenza-associated IPA is associated with high mortality and morbidity, its pathogenesis is not well known 3 . Direct immunomodulation and the use of drugs, such as oseltamivir and corticosteroids, may play a role 5 , 6 . Wang et al. 2 reported a patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), who died of aspergillosis after prolonged treatment with corticosteroids. Blaize et al. 7 and Antinori et al. 8 reported fatal cases of IPA in immunocompetent patients with severe COVID-19, whose bronchoalveolar aspirate grew Aspergillus fumigatus and had a positive serum galactomannan (GM) antigen. Antinori et al. 8 evidenced the pathological pulmonary alterations postmortem and confirmed the infective Aspergillus via molecular techniques. It is possible that aspergillosis could predispose patients with COVID-19 to clinical worsening.\nTherefore, testing for the presence of Aspergillus spp in lower respiratory secretions and GM (not routinely positive in peripheral blood) in patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit (ICU) should be considered to allow timely treatment and avoid potential immunosuppression with the use of medications 5 , 6 . However, conducting a bronchoscopy in patients with COVID-19 is relatively contraindicated due to the biological risk and clinical deterioration caused by the procedure 9 . Lung biopsy, which might also be considered a gold standard diagnosis method, is also impractical in such a scenario.\nLatin America seems to be the most recent COVID-19 epicenter, after Asia, Europe, and the US. In Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon, more than 2,000 deaths were officially reported in April/May 2020."}

LitCovid-sentences

{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":0,"end":12},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":13,"end":191},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":192,"end":352},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":353,"end":531},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":532,"end":682},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":683,"end":804},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":805,"end":917},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T17","span":{"begin":918,"end":929},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T18","span":{"begin":930,"end":1072},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T19","span":{"begin":1073,"end":1086},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T20","span":{"begin":1087,"end":1109},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T21","span":{"begin":1110,"end":1301},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T22","span":{"begin":1302,"end":1317},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T23","span":{"begin":1318,"end":1446},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T24","span":{"begin":1447,"end":1543},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T25","span":{"begin":1544,"end":1864},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T26","span":{"begin":1865,"end":2037},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T27","span":{"begin":2038,"end":2155},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T28","span":{"begin":2156,"end":2249},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T29","span":{"begin":2250,"end":2352},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"INTRODUCTION\nCOVID-19 is characterized by asymptomatic and/or mild flu-like symptoms; however, about 20% of patients may progress to pneumonia and sepsis, thus requiring intensive support 1 . Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome due to viral infections, such as SARS-CoV-2, are prone to secondary complications, including aspergillosis 2 . Invasive aspergillosis is not uncommon in immunocompromised patients, and is a well-described complication in acute respiratory failure and severe influenza-related pneumonia 3 . A retrospective multicenter cohort study showed that influenza infection was an independent risk factor for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) 4 .\nAlthough influenza-associated IPA is associated with high mortality and morbidity, its pathogenesis is not well known 3 . Direct immunomodulation and the use of drugs, such as oseltamivir and corticosteroids, may play a role 5 , 6 . Wang et al. 2 reported a patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), who died of aspergillosis after prolonged treatment with corticosteroids. Blaize et al. 7 and Antinori et al. 8 reported fatal cases of IPA in immunocompetent patients with severe COVID-19, whose bronchoalveolar aspirate grew Aspergillus fumigatus and had a positive serum galactomannan (GM) antigen. Antinori et al. 8 evidenced the pathological pulmonary alterations postmortem and confirmed the infective Aspergillus via molecular techniques. It is possible that aspergillosis could predispose patients with COVID-19 to clinical worsening.\nTherefore, testing for the presence of Aspergillus spp in lower respiratory secretions and GM (not routinely positive in peripheral blood) in patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit (ICU) should be considered to allow timely treatment and avoid potential immunosuppression with the use of medications 5 , 6 . However, conducting a bronchoscopy in patients with COVID-19 is relatively contraindicated due to the biological risk and clinical deterioration caused by the procedure 9 . Lung biopsy, which might also be considered a gold standard diagnosis method, is also impractical in such a scenario.\nLatin America seems to be the most recent COVID-19 epicenter, after Asia, Europe, and the US. In Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon, more than 2,000 deaths were officially reported in April/May 2020."}

LitCovid-PD-HP

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":133,"end":142},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":147,"end":153},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":212,"end":232},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":469,"end":488},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":518,"end":527},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":640,"end":672},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":674,"end":677},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":713,"end":716},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":1137,"end":1140},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A6","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A7","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100806"},{"id":"A8","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002098"},{"id":"A9","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T9","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002878"},{"id":"A10","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T10","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A11","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T11","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0020103"},{"id":"A12","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T12","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0020103"},{"id":"A13","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T13","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0020103"},{"id":"A14","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T14","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0020103"}],"text":"INTRODUCTION\nCOVID-19 is characterized by asymptomatic and/or mild flu-like symptoms; however, about 20% of patients may progress to pneumonia and sepsis, thus requiring intensive support 1 . Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome due to viral infections, such as SARS-CoV-2, are prone to secondary complications, including aspergillosis 2 . Invasive aspergillosis is not uncommon in immunocompromised patients, and is a well-described complication in acute respiratory failure and severe influenza-related pneumonia 3 . A retrospective multicenter cohort study showed that influenza infection was an independent risk factor for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) 4 .\nAlthough influenza-associated IPA is associated with high mortality and morbidity, its pathogenesis is not well known 3 . Direct immunomodulation and the use of drugs, such as oseltamivir and corticosteroids, may play a role 5 , 6 . Wang et al. 2 reported a patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), who died of aspergillosis after prolonged treatment with corticosteroids. Blaize et al. 7 and Antinori et al. 8 reported fatal cases of IPA in immunocompetent patients with severe COVID-19, whose bronchoalveolar aspirate grew Aspergillus fumigatus and had a positive serum galactomannan (GM) antigen. Antinori et al. 8 evidenced the pathological pulmonary alterations postmortem and confirmed the infective Aspergillus via molecular techniques. It is possible that aspergillosis could predispose patients with COVID-19 to clinical worsening.\nTherefore, testing for the presence of Aspergillus spp in lower respiratory secretions and GM (not routinely positive in peripheral blood) in patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit (ICU) should be considered to allow timely treatment and avoid potential immunosuppression with the use of medications 5 , 6 . However, conducting a bronchoscopy in patients with COVID-19 is relatively contraindicated due to the biological risk and clinical deterioration caused by the procedure 9 . Lung biopsy, which might also be considered a gold standard diagnosis method, is also impractical in such a scenario.\nLatin America seems to be the most recent COVID-19 epicenter, after Asia, Europe, and the US. In Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon, more than 2,000 deaths were officially reported in April/May 2020."}

2_test

{"project":"2_test","denotations":[{"id":"32638890-12890854-134289058","span":{"begin":349,"end":350},"obj":"12890854"},{"id":"32638890-30299367-134289059","span":{"begin":528,"end":529},"obj":"30299367"},{"id":"32638890-30076119-134289060","span":{"begin":679,"end":680},"obj":"30076119"},{"id":"32638890-30299367-134289061","span":{"begin":801,"end":802},"obj":"30299367"},{"id":"32638890-29325970-134289062","span":{"begin":908,"end":909},"obj":"29325970"},{"id":"32638890-12890854-134289063","span":{"begin":930,"end":931},"obj":"12890854"},{"id":"32638890-32470620-134289064","span":{"begin":1110,"end":1111},"obj":"32470620"},{"id":"32638890-32470620-134289065","span":{"begin":1318,"end":1319},"obj":"32470620"},{"id":"32638890-29325970-134289066","span":{"begin":1855,"end":1856},"obj":"29325970"}],"text":"INTRODUCTION\nCOVID-19 is characterized by asymptomatic and/or mild flu-like symptoms; however, about 20% of patients may progress to pneumonia and sepsis, thus requiring intensive support 1 . Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome due to viral infections, such as SARS-CoV-2, are prone to secondary complications, including aspergillosis 2 . Invasive aspergillosis is not uncommon in immunocompromised patients, and is a well-described complication in acute respiratory failure and severe influenza-related pneumonia 3 . A retrospective multicenter cohort study showed that influenza infection was an independent risk factor for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) 4 .\nAlthough influenza-associated IPA is associated with high mortality and morbidity, its pathogenesis is not well known 3 . Direct immunomodulation and the use of drugs, such as oseltamivir and corticosteroids, may play a role 5 , 6 . Wang et al. 2 reported a patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), who died of aspergillosis after prolonged treatment with corticosteroids. Blaize et al. 7 and Antinori et al. 8 reported fatal cases of IPA in immunocompetent patients with severe COVID-19, whose bronchoalveolar aspirate grew Aspergillus fumigatus and had a positive serum galactomannan (GM) antigen. Antinori et al. 8 evidenced the pathological pulmonary alterations postmortem and confirmed the infective Aspergillus via molecular techniques. It is possible that aspergillosis could predispose patients with COVID-19 to clinical worsening.\nTherefore, testing for the presence of Aspergillus spp in lower respiratory secretions and GM (not routinely positive in peripheral blood) in patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit (ICU) should be considered to allow timely treatment and avoid potential immunosuppression with the use of medications 5 , 6 . However, conducting a bronchoscopy in patients with COVID-19 is relatively contraindicated due to the biological risk and clinical deterioration caused by the procedure 9 . Lung biopsy, which might also be considered a gold standard diagnosis method, is also impractical in such a scenario.\nLatin America seems to be the most recent COVID-19 epicenter, after Asia, Europe, and the US. In Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon, more than 2,000 deaths were officially reported in April/May 2020."}

LitCovid-PMC-OGER-BB

PMC:7341831 / 705-3057 JSONTXT

Annnotations TAB JSON ListView MergeView

PMC:7341831 / 705-3057 JSON TXT