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LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":238,"end":251},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":401,"end":424},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":1787,"end":1793},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":1880,"end":1886},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9825"},{"id":"A2","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma45661"},{"id":"A3","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62970"},{"id":"A4","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62970"}],"text":"Dear Editor,\nKim et al. reviewed potential therapeutic approaches against coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) [1]. We would like to propose that vitamin C should also be included as a possible treatment as it has numerous effects on the immune system [23].\nIn a meta-analysis of 29 controlled trials with 11,306 participants, we showed that regular vitamin C intake of around 1 g/day did not prevent upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) [4]. However, the same trials found that vitamin C shortened and alleviated URTIs that occurred during the period of vitamin C administration. In adults the duration of infections was reduced by 8% and in children by 14% [4]. Given the low frequency and usually mild symptoms of URTIs, and the relatively small benefit, prophylactic daily vitamin C dosing does not seem worthwhile under normal circumstances. However, noting that many URTIs are caused by endemic coronaviruses, there is no reason or evidence to assume that vitamin C would be completely ineffective against COVID-19. Given that COVID-19 is often much more severe than ordinary URTIs, the above estimates might justify a regular increased daily intake of vitamin C while the prevalence of COVID-19 is high.\nFurthermore, one of the major causes for concern with COVID-19 is the relatively high proportion of cases requiring intensive care unit (ICU) treatment. A meta-analysis of 12 trials with 1,766 patients in ICU found that vitamin C shortened ICU stay by 8% [5]. Another meta-analysis of eight trials found that vitamin C shortened the duration of mechanical ventilation in patients who required the longest ventilation [6]. There is evidence that vitamin C levels decline dramatically in critically ill patients [57]. Although 0.1 g/day of vitamin C can maintain a normal plasma level in a healthy person [8], much higher doses (1 – 4 g/day) are needed to increase plasma vitamin C levels of critically ill patients to within the normal range [59]. Vitamin C is a safe and inexpensive essential nutrient and therefore investigation of its possible effects on COVID-19 should be encouraged along with the several other potential treatments [1]."}

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":238,"end":251},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":401,"end":424},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":407,"end":424},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405"},{"id":"A2","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001557"},{"id":"A3","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000065"}],"text":"Dear Editor,\nKim et al. reviewed potential therapeutic approaches against coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) [1]. We would like to propose that vitamin C should also be included as a possible treatment as it has numerous effects on the immune system [23].\nIn a meta-analysis of 29 controlled trials with 11,306 participants, we showed that regular vitamin C intake of around 1 g/day did not prevent upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) [4]. However, the same trials found that vitamin C shortened and alleviated URTIs that occurred during the period of vitamin C administration. In adults the duration of infections was reduced by 8% and in children by 14% [4]. Given the low frequency and usually mild symptoms of URTIs, and the relatively small benefit, prophylactic daily vitamin C dosing does not seem worthwhile under normal circumstances. However, noting that many URTIs are caused by endemic coronaviruses, there is no reason or evidence to assume that vitamin C would be completely ineffective against COVID-19. Given that COVID-19 is often much more severe than ordinary URTIs, the above estimates might justify a regular increased daily intake of vitamin C while the prevalence of COVID-19 is high.\nFurthermore, one of the major causes for concern with COVID-19 is the relatively high proportion of cases requiring intensive care unit (ICU) treatment. A meta-analysis of 12 trials with 1,766 patients in ICU found that vitamin C shortened ICU stay by 8% [5]. Another meta-analysis of eight trials found that vitamin C shortened the duration of mechanical ventilation in patients who required the longest ventilation [6]. There is evidence that vitamin C levels decline dramatically in critically ill patients [57]. Although 0.1 g/day of vitamin C can maintain a normal plasma level in a healthy person [8], much higher doses (1 – 4 g/day) are needed to increase plasma vitamin C levels of critically ill patients to within the normal range [59]. Vitamin C is a safe and inexpensive essential nutrient and therefore investigation of its possible effects on COVID-19 should be encouraged along with the several other potential treatments [1]."}

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

LitCovid-PD-CLO

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":183,"end":184},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":210,"end":213},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":238,"end":251},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002405"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":261,"end":262},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":1129,"end":1130},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":1370,"end":1371},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":1778,"end":1779},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":1787,"end":1793},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1803,"end":1804},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":1880,"end":1886},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001969"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":1977,"end":1978},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"}],"text":"Dear Editor,\nKim et al. reviewed potential therapeutic approaches against coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) [1]. We would like to propose that vitamin C should also be included as a possible treatment as it has numerous effects on the immune system [23].\nIn a meta-analysis of 29 controlled trials with 11,306 participants, we showed that regular vitamin C intake of around 1 g/day did not prevent upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) [4]. However, the same trials found that vitamin C shortened and alleviated URTIs that occurred during the period of vitamin C administration. In adults the duration of infections was reduced by 8% and in children by 14% [4]. Given the low frequency and usually mild symptoms of URTIs, and the relatively small benefit, prophylactic daily vitamin C dosing does not seem worthwhile under normal circumstances. However, noting that many URTIs are caused by endemic coronaviruses, there is no reason or evidence to assume that vitamin C would be completely ineffective against COVID-19. Given that COVID-19 is often much more severe than ordinary URTIs, the above estimates might justify a regular increased daily intake of vitamin C while the prevalence of COVID-19 is high.\nFurthermore, one of the major causes for concern with COVID-19 is the relatively high proportion of cases requiring intensive care unit (ICU) treatment. A meta-analysis of 12 trials with 1,766 patients in ICU found that vitamin C shortened ICU stay by 8% [5]. Another meta-analysis of eight trials found that vitamin C shortened the duration of mechanical ventilation in patients who required the longest ventilation [6]. There is evidence that vitamin C levels decline dramatically in critically ill patients [57]. Although 0.1 g/day of vitamin C can maintain a normal plasma level in a healthy person [8], much higher doses (1 – 4 g/day) are needed to increase plasma vitamin C levels of critically ill patients to within the normal range [59]. Vitamin C is a safe and inexpensive essential nutrient and therefore investigation of its possible effects on COVID-19 should be encouraged along with the several other potential treatments [1]."}

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

LitCovid-PD-HP

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T1","span":{"begin":401,"end":435},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":437,"end":442},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":520,"end":525},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":723,"end":728},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":879,"end":884},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":1088,"end":1093},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A1","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T1","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002788"},{"id":"A2","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T2","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002788"},{"id":"A3","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T3","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002788"},{"id":"A4","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T4","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002788"},{"id":"A5","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002788"},{"id":"A6","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002788"}],"text":"Dear Editor,\nKim et al. reviewed potential therapeutic approaches against coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) [1]. We would like to propose that vitamin C should also be included as a possible treatment as it has numerous effects on the immune system [23].\nIn a meta-analysis of 29 controlled trials with 11,306 participants, we showed that regular vitamin C intake of around 1 g/day did not prevent upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) [4]. However, the same trials found that vitamin C shortened and alleviated URTIs that occurred during the period of vitamin C administration. In adults the duration of infections was reduced by 8% and in children by 14% [4]. Given the low frequency and usually mild symptoms of URTIs, and the relatively small benefit, prophylactic daily vitamin C dosing does not seem worthwhile under normal circumstances. However, noting that many URTIs are caused by endemic coronaviruses, there is no reason or evidence to assume that vitamin C would be completely ineffective against COVID-19. Given that COVID-19 is often much more severe than ordinary URTIs, the above estimates might justify a regular increased daily intake of vitamin C while the prevalence of COVID-19 is high.\nFurthermore, one of the major causes for concern with COVID-19 is the relatively high proportion of cases requiring intensive care unit (ICU) treatment. A meta-analysis of 12 trials with 1,766 patients in ICU found that vitamin C shortened ICU stay by 8% [5]. Another meta-analysis of eight trials found that vitamin C shortened the duration of mechanical ventilation in patients who required the longest ventilation [6]. There is evidence that vitamin C levels decline dramatically in critically ill patients [57]. Although 0.1 g/day of vitamin C can maintain a normal plasma level in a healthy person [8], much higher doses (1 – 4 g/day) are needed to increase plasma vitamin C levels of critically ill patients to within the normal range [59]. Vitamin C is a safe and inexpensive essential nutrient and therefore investigation of its possible effects on COVID-19 should be encouraged along with the several other potential treatments [1]."}

LitCovid-sentences

{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T2","span":{"begin":0,"end":12},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T3","span":{"begin":13,"end":115},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":116,"end":257},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":258,"end":448},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":449,"end":586},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":587,"end":669},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":670,"end":852},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":853,"end":1027},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1028,"end":1216},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":1217,"end":1369},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":1370,"end":1476},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":1477,"end":1638},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T14","span":{"begin":1639,"end":1732},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T15","span":{"begin":1733,"end":1963},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T16","span":{"begin":1964,"end":2158},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"Dear Editor,\nKim et al. reviewed potential therapeutic approaches against coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) [1]. We would like to propose that vitamin C should also be included as a possible treatment as it has numerous effects on the immune system [23].\nIn a meta-analysis of 29 controlled trials with 11,306 participants, we showed that regular vitamin C intake of around 1 g/day did not prevent upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) [4]. However, the same trials found that vitamin C shortened and alleviated URTIs that occurred during the period of vitamin C administration. In adults the duration of infections was reduced by 8% and in children by 14% [4]. Given the low frequency and usually mild symptoms of URTIs, and the relatively small benefit, prophylactic daily vitamin C dosing does not seem worthwhile under normal circumstances. However, noting that many URTIs are caused by endemic coronaviruses, there is no reason or evidence to assume that vitamin C would be completely ineffective against COVID-19. Given that COVID-19 is often much more severe than ordinary URTIs, the above estimates might justify a regular increased daily intake of vitamin C while the prevalence of COVID-19 is high.\nFurthermore, one of the major causes for concern with COVID-19 is the relatively high proportion of cases requiring intensive care unit (ICU) treatment. A meta-analysis of 12 trials with 1,766 patients in ICU found that vitamin C shortened ICU stay by 8% [5]. Another meta-analysis of eight trials found that vitamin C shortened the duration of mechanical ventilation in patients who required the longest ventilation [6]. There is evidence that vitamin C levels decline dramatically in critically ill patients [57]. Although 0.1 g/day of vitamin C can maintain a normal plasma level in a healthy person [8], much higher doses (1 – 4 g/day) are needed to increase plasma vitamin C levels of critically ill patients to within the normal range [59]. Vitamin C is a safe and inexpensive essential nutrient and therefore investigation of its possible effects on COVID-19 should be encouraged along with the several other potential treatments [1]."}