PMC:7283670 / 10825-12498
Annnotations
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T80650","span":{"begin":5,"end":23},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T41283","span":{"begin":55,"end":72},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T74107","span":{"begin":713,"end":717},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T2824","span":{"begin":1561,"end":1565},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A17134","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T80650","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7158"},{"id":"A95416","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T41283","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma265130"},{"id":"A11361","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T74107","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195"},{"id":"A44174","pred":"fma_id","subj":"T2824","obj":"http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7195"}],"text":"2.1 Respiratory system\nSARS‐CoV‐2 tends to infect the respiratory tract, thus, pneumonia is a primary clinical finding in patients with COVID‐19 (Huang et al., 2020; Li, Guan, et al., 2020; Zhu et al., 2020). However, pneumonia is only a component of the SARS that might develop in some cases. The resulting SARS may then be aggravated and lead to serious conditions that are extremely difficult to control, for example, septic shock, metabolic acidosis, and coagulation dysfunction (Kofi Ayittey, Dzuvor, Kormla Ayittey, Bennita Chiwero, \u0026 Habib, 2020).\nInvestigation on the radiological findings of COVID‐19‐associated pneumonia have yielded little, if any, information that are mostly unspecific. Progressive lung lesions are usually detected in patients with COVID‐19, about 1 week after the onset of signs and symptoms (Ooi et al., 2004). The lesions then become aggravated during the 2nd week, and lead to formation of irregular reticular opacities mixed with ground glass opacities (GGOs), which can be detected by CT at the fourth week. In a recent cohort study, 85.7% (54/63) of subjects with COVID‐19‐associated pneumonia showed disease progression, defined by an increased extent of GGO, on early follow‐up CT (Pan et al., 2020). Pulmonary fibrous cords was reported in one particular patient that displayed signs of improvement, as the inflammatory secretions had been absorbed (Pan \u0026 Guan, 2020). Long‐term complications of COVID‐19 in patients with severe pneumonia might include an array of fibrotic changes often observed in the late stages of lung injury, for example, reticulation, interlobular septal thickening, and traction bronchiectasis (Kim, 2020)."}
LitCovid-PD-UBERON
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-UBERON","denotations":[{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":5,"end":23},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":55,"end":72},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":713,"end":717},"obj":"Body_part"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1561,"end":1565},"obj":"Body_part"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A7","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001004"},{"id":"A8","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000065"},{"id":"A9","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T9","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"},{"id":"A10","pred":"uberon_id","subj":"T10","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"}],"text":"2.1 Respiratory system\nSARS‐CoV‐2 tends to infect the respiratory tract, thus, pneumonia is a primary clinical finding in patients with COVID‐19 (Huang et al., 2020; Li, Guan, et al., 2020; Zhu et al., 2020). However, pneumonia is only a component of the SARS that might develop in some cases. The resulting SARS may then be aggravated and lead to serious conditions that are extremely difficult to control, for example, septic shock, metabolic acidosis, and coagulation dysfunction (Kofi Ayittey, Dzuvor, Kormla Ayittey, Bennita Chiwero, \u0026 Habib, 2020).\nInvestigation on the radiological findings of COVID‐19‐associated pneumonia have yielded little, if any, information that are mostly unspecific. Progressive lung lesions are usually detected in patients with COVID‐19, about 1 week after the onset of signs and symptoms (Ooi et al., 2004). The lesions then become aggravated during the 2nd week, and lead to formation of irregular reticular opacities mixed with ground glass opacities (GGOs), which can be detected by CT at the fourth week. In a recent cohort study, 85.7% (54/63) of subjects with COVID‐19‐associated pneumonia showed disease progression, defined by an increased extent of GGO, on early follow‐up CT (Pan et al., 2020). Pulmonary fibrous cords was reported in one particular patient that displayed signs of improvement, as the inflammatory secretions had been absorbed (Pan \u0026 Guan, 2020). Long‐term complications of COVID‐19 in patients with severe pneumonia might include an array of fibrotic changes often observed in the late stages of lung injury, for example, reticulation, interlobular septal thickening, and traction bronchiectasis (Kim, 2020)."}
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-MONDO","denotations":[{"id":"T41","span":{"begin":24,"end":28},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T42","span":{"begin":44,"end":72},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T43","span":{"begin":80,"end":89},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T44","span":{"begin":137,"end":145},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T45","span":{"begin":219,"end":228},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T46","span":{"begin":256,"end":260},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T47","span":{"begin":309,"end":313},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T48","span":{"begin":436,"end":454},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T49","span":{"begin":446,"end":454},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T50","span":{"begin":602,"end":610},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T51","span":{"begin":622,"end":631},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T52","span":{"begin":764,"end":772},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T53","span":{"begin":1103,"end":1111},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T54","span":{"begin":1123,"end":1132},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T55","span":{"begin":1438,"end":1446},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T56","span":{"begin":1471,"end":1480},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T57","span":{"begin":1566,"end":1572},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"T58","span":{"begin":1646,"end":1660},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A41","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T41","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A42","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T42","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0024355"},{"id":"A43","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T43","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"},{"id":"A44","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T44","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A45","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T45","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"},{"id":"A46","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T46","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A47","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T47","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091"},{"id":"A48","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T48","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0000440"},{"id":"A49","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T49","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006022"},{"id":"A50","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T50","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A51","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T51","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"},{"id":"A52","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T52","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A53","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T53","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A54","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T54","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"},{"id":"A55","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T55","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096"},{"id":"A56","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T56","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249"},{"id":"A57","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T57","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178"},{"id":"A58","pred":"mondo_id","subj":"T58","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004822"}],"text":"2.1 Respiratory system\nSARS‐CoV‐2 tends to infect the respiratory tract, thus, pneumonia is a primary clinical finding in patients with COVID‐19 (Huang et al., 2020; Li, Guan, et al., 2020; Zhu et al., 2020). However, pneumonia is only a component of the SARS that might develop in some cases. The resulting SARS may then be aggravated and lead to serious conditions that are extremely difficult to control, for example, septic shock, metabolic acidosis, and coagulation dysfunction (Kofi Ayittey, Dzuvor, Kormla Ayittey, Bennita Chiwero, \u0026 Habib, 2020).\nInvestigation on the radiological findings of COVID‐19‐associated pneumonia have yielded little, if any, information that are mostly unspecific. Progressive lung lesions are usually detected in patients with COVID‐19, about 1 week after the onset of signs and symptoms (Ooi et al., 2004). The lesions then become aggravated during the 2nd week, and lead to formation of irregular reticular opacities mixed with ground glass opacities (GGOs), which can be detected by CT at the fourth week. In a recent cohort study, 85.7% (54/63) of subjects with COVID‐19‐associated pneumonia showed disease progression, defined by an increased extent of GGO, on early follow‐up CT (Pan et al., 2020). Pulmonary fibrous cords was reported in one particular patient that displayed signs of improvement, as the inflammatory secretions had been absorbed (Pan \u0026 Guan, 2020). Long‐term complications of COVID‐19 in patients with severe pneumonia might include an array of fibrotic changes often observed in the late stages of lung injury, for example, reticulation, interlobular septal thickening, and traction bronchiectasis (Kim, 2020)."}
LitCovid-PD-CLO
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CLO","denotations":[{"id":"T10058","span":{"begin":5,"end":23},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001004"},{"id":"T93719","span":{"begin":93,"end":94},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T38011","span":{"begin":167,"end":169},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001022"},{"id":"T75207","span":{"begin":167,"end":169},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007314"},{"id":"T38323","span":{"begin":237,"end":238},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T70426","span":{"begin":377,"end":386},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000876"},{"id":"T86166","span":{"begin":713,"end":717},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"},{"id":"T43279","span":{"begin":713,"end":717},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934"},{"id":"T83473","span":{"begin":1049,"end":1050},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020"},{"id":"T58020","span":{"begin":1223,"end":1226},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9596"},{"id":"T35316","span":{"begin":1392,"end":1395},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9596"},{"id":"T60304","span":{"begin":1561,"end":1565},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002048"},{"id":"T29632","span":{"begin":1561,"end":1565},"obj":"http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000934"}],"text":"2.1 Respiratory system\nSARS‐CoV‐2 tends to infect the respiratory tract, thus, pneumonia is a primary clinical finding in patients with COVID‐19 (Huang et al., 2020; Li, Guan, et al., 2020; Zhu et al., 2020). However, pneumonia is only a component of the SARS that might develop in some cases. The resulting SARS may then be aggravated and lead to serious conditions that are extremely difficult to control, for example, septic shock, metabolic acidosis, and coagulation dysfunction (Kofi Ayittey, Dzuvor, Kormla Ayittey, Bennita Chiwero, \u0026 Habib, 2020).\nInvestigation on the radiological findings of COVID‐19‐associated pneumonia have yielded little, if any, information that are mostly unspecific. Progressive lung lesions are usually detected in patients with COVID‐19, about 1 week after the onset of signs and symptoms (Ooi et al., 2004). The lesions then become aggravated during the 2nd week, and lead to formation of irregular reticular opacities mixed with ground glass opacities (GGOs), which can be detected by CT at the fourth week. In a recent cohort study, 85.7% (54/63) of subjects with COVID‐19‐associated pneumonia showed disease progression, defined by an increased extent of GGO, on early follow‐up CT (Pan et al., 2020). Pulmonary fibrous cords was reported in one particular patient that displayed signs of improvement, as the inflammatory secretions had been absorbed (Pan \u0026 Guan, 2020). Long‐term complications of COVID‐19 in patients with severe pneumonia might include an array of fibrotic changes often observed in the late stages of lung injury, for example, reticulation, interlobular septal thickening, and traction bronchiectasis (Kim, 2020)."}
LitCovid-PD-CHEBI
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":167,"end":169},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A13","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T13","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30145"}],"text":"2.1 Respiratory system\nSARS‐CoV‐2 tends to infect the respiratory tract, thus, pneumonia is a primary clinical finding in patients with COVID‐19 (Huang et al., 2020; Li, Guan, et al., 2020; Zhu et al., 2020). However, pneumonia is only a component of the SARS that might develop in some cases. The resulting SARS may then be aggravated and lead to serious conditions that are extremely difficult to control, for example, septic shock, metabolic acidosis, and coagulation dysfunction (Kofi Ayittey, Dzuvor, Kormla Ayittey, Bennita Chiwero, \u0026 Habib, 2020).\nInvestigation on the radiological findings of COVID‐19‐associated pneumonia have yielded little, if any, information that are mostly unspecific. Progressive lung lesions are usually detected in patients with COVID‐19, about 1 week after the onset of signs and symptoms (Ooi et al., 2004). The lesions then become aggravated during the 2nd week, and lead to formation of irregular reticular opacities mixed with ground glass opacities (GGOs), which can be detected by CT at the fourth week. In a recent cohort study, 85.7% (54/63) of subjects with COVID‐19‐associated pneumonia showed disease progression, defined by an increased extent of GGO, on early follow‐up CT (Pan et al., 2020). Pulmonary fibrous cords was reported in one particular patient that displayed signs of improvement, as the inflammatory secretions had been absorbed (Pan \u0026 Guan, 2020). Long‐term complications of COVID‐19 in patients with severe pneumonia might include an array of fibrotic changes often observed in the late stages of lung injury, for example, reticulation, interlobular septal thickening, and traction bronchiectasis (Kim, 2020)."}
LitCovid-PD-GO-BP
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T63353","span":{"begin":460,"end":471},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0050817"},{"id":"T23770","span":{"begin":913,"end":922},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009058"},{"id":"T8996","span":{"begin":1362,"end":1372},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046903"}],"text":"2.1 Respiratory system\nSARS‐CoV‐2 tends to infect the respiratory tract, thus, pneumonia is a primary clinical finding in patients with COVID‐19 (Huang et al., 2020; Li, Guan, et al., 2020; Zhu et al., 2020). However, pneumonia is only a component of the SARS that might develop in some cases. The resulting SARS may then be aggravated and lead to serious conditions that are extremely difficult to control, for example, septic shock, metabolic acidosis, and coagulation dysfunction (Kofi Ayittey, Dzuvor, Kormla Ayittey, Bennita Chiwero, \u0026 Habib, 2020).\nInvestigation on the radiological findings of COVID‐19‐associated pneumonia have yielded little, if any, information that are mostly unspecific. Progressive lung lesions are usually detected in patients with COVID‐19, about 1 week after the onset of signs and symptoms (Ooi et al., 2004). The lesions then become aggravated during the 2nd week, and lead to formation of irregular reticular opacities mixed with ground glass opacities (GGOs), which can be detected by CT at the fourth week. In a recent cohort study, 85.7% (54/63) of subjects with COVID‐19‐associated pneumonia showed disease progression, defined by an increased extent of GGO, on early follow‐up CT (Pan et al., 2020). Pulmonary fibrous cords was reported in one particular patient that displayed signs of improvement, as the inflammatory secretions had been absorbed (Pan \u0026 Guan, 2020). Long‐term complications of COVID‐19 in patients with severe pneumonia might include an array of fibrotic changes often observed in the late stages of lung injury, for example, reticulation, interlobular septal thickening, and traction bronchiectasis (Kim, 2020)."}
LitCovid-sentences
{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T88","span":{"begin":0,"end":23},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T89","span":{"begin":24,"end":209},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T90","span":{"begin":210,"end":294},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T91","span":{"begin":295,"end":555},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T92","span":{"begin":556,"end":700},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T93","span":{"begin":701,"end":844},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T94","span":{"begin":845,"end":1045},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T95","span":{"begin":1046,"end":1241},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T96","span":{"begin":1242,"end":1410},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T97","span":{"begin":1411,"end":1673},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"2.1 Respiratory system\nSARS‐CoV‐2 tends to infect the respiratory tract, thus, pneumonia is a primary clinical finding in patients with COVID‐19 (Huang et al., 2020; Li, Guan, et al., 2020; Zhu et al., 2020). However, pneumonia is only a component of the SARS that might develop in some cases. The resulting SARS may then be aggravated and lead to serious conditions that are extremely difficult to control, for example, septic shock, metabolic acidosis, and coagulation dysfunction (Kofi Ayittey, Dzuvor, Kormla Ayittey, Bennita Chiwero, \u0026 Habib, 2020).\nInvestigation on the radiological findings of COVID‐19‐associated pneumonia have yielded little, if any, information that are mostly unspecific. Progressive lung lesions are usually detected in patients with COVID‐19, about 1 week after the onset of signs and symptoms (Ooi et al., 2004). The lesions then become aggravated during the 2nd week, and lead to formation of irregular reticular opacities mixed with ground glass opacities (GGOs), which can be detected by CT at the fourth week. In a recent cohort study, 85.7% (54/63) of subjects with COVID‐19‐associated pneumonia showed disease progression, defined by an increased extent of GGO, on early follow‐up CT (Pan et al., 2020). Pulmonary fibrous cords was reported in one particular patient that displayed signs of improvement, as the inflammatory secretions had been absorbed (Pan \u0026 Guan, 2020). Long‐term complications of COVID‐19 in patients with severe pneumonia might include an array of fibrotic changes often observed in the late stages of lung injury, for example, reticulation, interlobular septal thickening, and traction bronchiectasis (Kim, 2020)."}
LitCovid-PD-HP
{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":80,"end":89},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":219,"end":228},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T7","span":{"begin":429,"end":434},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T8","span":{"begin":436,"end":454},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":622,"end":631},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":1123,"end":1132},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":1471,"end":1480},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":1637,"end":1660},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A5","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T5","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A6","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T6","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A7","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T7","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031273"},{"id":"A8","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T8","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001942"},{"id":"A9","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T9","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A10","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T10","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A11","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T11","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A12","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T12","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0032969"}],"text":"2.1 Respiratory system\nSARS‐CoV‐2 tends to infect the respiratory tract, thus, pneumonia is a primary clinical finding in patients with COVID‐19 (Huang et al., 2020; Li, Guan, et al., 2020; Zhu et al., 2020). However, pneumonia is only a component of the SARS that might develop in some cases. The resulting SARS may then be aggravated and lead to serious conditions that are extremely difficult to control, for example, septic shock, metabolic acidosis, and coagulation dysfunction (Kofi Ayittey, Dzuvor, Kormla Ayittey, Bennita Chiwero, \u0026 Habib, 2020).\nInvestigation on the radiological findings of COVID‐19‐associated pneumonia have yielded little, if any, information that are mostly unspecific. Progressive lung lesions are usually detected in patients with COVID‐19, about 1 week after the onset of signs and symptoms (Ooi et al., 2004). The lesions then become aggravated during the 2nd week, and lead to formation of irregular reticular opacities mixed with ground glass opacities (GGOs), which can be detected by CT at the fourth week. In a recent cohort study, 85.7% (54/63) of subjects with COVID‐19‐associated pneumonia showed disease progression, defined by an increased extent of GGO, on early follow‐up CT (Pan et al., 2020). Pulmonary fibrous cords was reported in one particular patient that displayed signs of improvement, as the inflammatory secretions had been absorbed (Pan \u0026 Guan, 2020). Long‐term complications of COVID‐19 in patients with severe pneumonia might include an array of fibrotic changes often observed in the late stages of lung injury, for example, reticulation, interlobular septal thickening, and traction bronchiectasis (Kim, 2020)."}
LitCovid-PubTator
{"project":"LitCovid-PubTator","denotations":[{"id":"194","span":{"begin":24,"end":34},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"195","span":{"begin":123,"end":131},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"196","span":{"begin":80,"end":89},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"197","span":{"begin":137,"end":145},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"198","span":{"begin":219,"end":228},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"199","span":{"begin":422,"end":434},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"200","span":{"begin":436,"end":454},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"201","span":{"begin":460,"end":483},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"214","span":{"begin":750,"end":758},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"215","span":{"begin":1297,"end":1304},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"216","span":{"begin":1450,"end":1458},"obj":"Species"},{"id":"217","span":{"begin":602,"end":610},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"218","span":{"begin":622,"end":631},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"219","span":{"begin":713,"end":725},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"220","span":{"begin":764,"end":772},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"221","span":{"begin":1103,"end":1111},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"222","span":{"begin":1123,"end":1132},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"223","span":{"begin":1438,"end":1446},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"224","span":{"begin":1471,"end":1480},"obj":"Disease"},{"id":"225","span":{"begin":1561,"end":1572},"obj":"Disease"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A194","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"194","obj":"Tax:2697049"},{"id":"A195","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"195","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A196","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"196","obj":"MESH:D011014"},{"id":"A197","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"197","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A198","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"198","obj":"MESH:D011014"},{"id":"A199","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"199","obj":"MESH:D012772"},{"id":"A200","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"200","obj":"MESH:D000138"},{"id":"A201","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"201","obj":"MESH:D001778"},{"id":"A214","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"214","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A215","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"215","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A216","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"216","obj":"Tax:9606"},{"id":"A217","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"217","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A218","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"218","obj":"MESH:D011014"},{"id":"A219","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"219","obj":"MESH:D008171"},{"id":"A220","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"220","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A221","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"221","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A222","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"222","obj":"MESH:D011014"},{"id":"A223","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"223","obj":"MESH:C000657245"},{"id":"A224","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"224","obj":"MESH:D011014"},{"id":"A225","pred":"tao:has_database_id","subj":"225","obj":"MESH:D055370"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"Tax","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/"},{"prefix":"MESH","uri":"https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"},{"prefix":"Gene","uri":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/"},{"prefix":"CVCL","uri":"https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_"}],"text":"2.1 Respiratory system\nSARS‐CoV‐2 tends to infect the respiratory tract, thus, pneumonia is a primary clinical finding in patients with COVID‐19 (Huang et al., 2020; Li, Guan, et al., 2020; Zhu et al., 2020). However, pneumonia is only a component of the SARS that might develop in some cases. The resulting SARS may then be aggravated and lead to serious conditions that are extremely difficult to control, for example, septic shock, metabolic acidosis, and coagulation dysfunction (Kofi Ayittey, Dzuvor, Kormla Ayittey, Bennita Chiwero, \u0026 Habib, 2020).\nInvestigation on the radiological findings of COVID‐19‐associated pneumonia have yielded little, if any, information that are mostly unspecific. Progressive lung lesions are usually detected in patients with COVID‐19, about 1 week after the onset of signs and symptoms (Ooi et al., 2004). The lesions then become aggravated during the 2nd week, and lead to formation of irregular reticular opacities mixed with ground glass opacities (GGOs), which can be detected by CT at the fourth week. In a recent cohort study, 85.7% (54/63) of subjects with COVID‐19‐associated pneumonia showed disease progression, defined by an increased extent of GGO, on early follow‐up CT (Pan et al., 2020). Pulmonary fibrous cords was reported in one particular patient that displayed signs of improvement, as the inflammatory secretions had been absorbed (Pan \u0026 Guan, 2020). Long‐term complications of COVID‐19 in patients with severe pneumonia might include an array of fibrotic changes often observed in the late stages of lung injury, for example, reticulation, interlobular septal thickening, and traction bronchiectasis (Kim, 2020)."}