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PMC:7272971 / 23438-28122 JSONTXT

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LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
773 13-24 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
779 47-57 Species denotes SARS‐CoV‐2 Tax:2697049
780 59-67 Species denotes SARS‐CoV Tax:694009
781 78-91 Species denotes coronaviruses Tax:11118
782 222-230 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
783 288-321 Disease denotes upper respiratory tract infection MESH:D012141
794 669-676 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
795 748-758 Species denotes SARS‐CoV‐2 Tax:2697049
796 811-818 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
797 1006-1016 Species denotes SARS‐CoV‐2 Tax:2697049
798 1137-1144 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
799 682-702 Disease denotes keratoconjunctivitis MESH:D007637
800 735-743 Disease denotes COVID‐19 MESH:C000657245
801 846-860 Disease denotes conjunctivitis MESH:D003231
802 986-1000 Disease denotes conjunctivitis MESH:D003231
803 1159-1181 Disease denotes conjunctival infection MESH:D003229
815 1301-1309 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
816 1457-1465 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
817 1594-1602 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
818 1760-1768 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
819 1923-1930 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
820 1292-1300 Disease denotes COVID‐19 MESH:C000657245
821 1448-1456 Disease denotes COVID‐19 MESH:C000657245
822 1577-1586 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
823 1786-1819 Disease denotes upper respiratory tract infection MESH:D012141
824 1950-1964 Disease denotes conjunctivitis MESH:D003231
825 1995-2003 Disease denotes COVID‐19 MESH:C000657245
837 2186-2194 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
838 2223-2231 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
839 2319-2327 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
840 2349-2357 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
841 2419-2426 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
842 2596-2604 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
843 2624-2632 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
844 2754-2761 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
845 2251-2259 Disease denotes COVID‐19 MESH:C000657245
846 2587-2595 Disease denotes COVID‐19 MESH:C000657245
847 2767-2781 Disease denotes conjunctivitis MESH:D003231
853 2843-2851 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
854 2866-2874 Species denotes SARS‐CoV Tax:694009
855 3055-3063 Species denotes SARS‐CoV Tax:694009
856 2852-2860 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
857 3017-3038 Disease denotes palpebral conjunctiva MESH:C563620
859 3200-3208 Species denotes SARS‐CoV Tax:694009
863 4460-4470 Species denotes SARS‐CoV‐2 Tax:2697049
864 4511-4532 Disease denotes coronavirus infection MESH:D018352
865 4651-4660 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239

LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T219 162-173 Body_part denotes conjunctiva http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59011
T220 263-280 Body_part denotes nasolacrimal duct http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9703
T221 288-311 Body_part denotes upper respiratory tract http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma45661
T222 483-497 Body_part denotes surface tissue http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67640
T223 491-497 Body_part denotes tissue http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9637
T224 648-653 Body_part denotes tears http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59756
T225 759-762 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T226 914-917 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T227 1242-1245 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T228 1249-1254 Body_part denotes tears http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59756
T229 1394-1398 Body_part denotes tear http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59756
T230 1483-1488 Body_part denotes tears http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59756
T231 1515-1518 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T232 1616-1619 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T233 1695-1699 Body_part denotes tear http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59756
T234 1721-1724 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T235 1786-1809 Body_part denotes upper respiratory tract http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma45661
T236 1870-1883 Body_part denotes lacrimal duct http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma61063
T237 2014-2017 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T238 2092-2097 Body_part denotes tears http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59756
T239 2441-2444 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T240 2494-2500 Body_part denotes sputum http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma312401
T241 2650-2653 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T242 2921-2926 Body_part denotes tears http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59756
T243 3011-3038 Body_part denotes lower palpebral conjunctiva http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59027
T244 3209-3212 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T245 3219-3223 Body_part denotes tear http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59756
T246 3319-3326 Body_part denotes eyelids http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma75178
T247 3370-3374 Body_part denotes eyes http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma54448
T248 3499-3502 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T249 3604-3609 Body_part denotes tears http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma59756
T250 3872-3875 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T251 3926-3929 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T252 4057-4060 Body_part denotes RNA http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67095
T253 4592-4603 Body_part denotes nasopharynx http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma54878
T254 4632-4643 Body_part denotes capillaries http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma63194

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T83 162-173 Body_part denotes conjunctiva http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001811
T84 263-280 Body_part denotes nasolacrimal duct http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002392
T85 276-280 Body_part denotes duct http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000058
T86 288-311 Body_part denotes upper respiratory tract http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001557
T87 294-311 Body_part denotes respiratory tract http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000065
T88 361-368 Body_part denotes vessels http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000055
T89 491-497 Body_part denotes tissue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000479
T90 1786-1809 Body_part denotes upper respiratory tract http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001557
T91 1792-1809 Body_part denotes respiratory tract http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000065
T92 1870-1878 Body_part denotes lacrimal http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_3010146
T93 1879-1883 Body_part denotes duct http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000058
T94 2494-2500 Body_part denotes sputum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007311
T95 3017-3038 Body_part denotes palpebral conjunctiva http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001812
T96 3027-3038 Body_part denotes conjunctiva http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001811
T97 4592-4603 Body_part denotes nasopharynx http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001728

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T70 288-321 Phenotype denotes upper respiratory tract infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002788
T71 682-702 Phenotype denotes keratoconjunctivitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001096
T72 846-860 Phenotype denotes conjunctivitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000509
T73 986-1000 Phenotype denotes conjunctivitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000509
T74 1186-1194 Phenotype denotes chemosis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012375
T75 1786-1819 Phenotype denotes upper respiratory tract infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002788
T76 1950-1964 Phenotype denotes conjunctivitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000509
T77 2767-2781 Phenotype denotes conjunctivitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000509

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T173 47-51 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T174 59-63 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T175 294-321 Disease denotes respiratory tract infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0024355
T176 312-321 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T177 682-702 Disease denotes keratoconjunctivitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0004768
T178 735-743 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T179 748-752 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T180 846-860 Disease denotes conjunctivitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0003799
T181 986-1000 Disease denotes conjunctivitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0003799
T182 1006-1010 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T183 1172-1181 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T184 1292-1300 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T185 1448-1456 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T186 1577-1586 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T187 1792-1819 Disease denotes respiratory tract infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0024355
T188 1810-1819 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T189 1950-1964 Disease denotes conjunctivitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0003799
T190 1995-2003 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T191 2251-2259 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T192 2587-2595 Disease denotes COVID‐19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T193 2767-2781 Disease denotes conjunctivitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0003799
T194 2866-2870 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T195 3055-3059 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T196 3200-3204 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T197 3287-3291 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T198 3380-3387 Disease denotes sterile http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005047
T199 4460-4464 Disease denotes SARS http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T200 4523-4532 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T201 4651-4660 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T311 162-173 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001811 denotes conjunctiva
T312 162-173 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000374 denotes conjunctiva
T313 211-216 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T314 276-280 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000025 denotes duct
T315 276-280 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000058 denotes duct
T316 361-368 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000055 denotes vessels
T317 465-472 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T318 598-605 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes viruses
T319 667-668 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T320 766-767 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T321 799-801 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001407 denotes 52
T322 809-810 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T323 1413-1414 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T324 1670-1675 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T325 1879-1883 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000025 denotes duct
T326 1879-1883 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000058 denotes duct
T327 1887-1888 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T328 1921-1922 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T329 2132-2133 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T330 2551-2552 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T331 2970-2971 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T332 3027-3038 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001811 denotes conjunctiva
T333 3027-3038 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000374 denotes conjunctiva
T334 3107-3112 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T335 3130-3135 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T336 3166-3167 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T337 3216-3218 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001313 denotes 36
T338 3370-3374 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000827 denotes eyes
T339 3829-3834 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T340 4099-4104 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T341 4564-4569 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T10 2115-2125 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0046903 denotes secretions
T11 4284-4295 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009056 denotes degradation

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T154 0-46 Sentence denotes Detection of coronavirus at the ocular surface
T155 47-388 Sentence denotes SARS‐CoV‐2, SARS‐CoV and other coronaviruses may be able to appear at the ocular surface as the result of: (1) the conjunctiva being the direct inoculation site of virus from infected droplets; (2) migration via the nasolacrimal duct during upper respiratory tract infection; or (3) exudation through conjunctival vessels during the disease.
T156 389-549 Sentence denotes The present authors have dealt with (1) in the section of adhesion of these viruses to ocular surface tissue, and concluded that this is an unlikely occurrence.
T157 550-666 Sentence denotes In this section, the question as to whether the viruses can be found at the ocular surface and in tears is examined.
T158 667-798 Sentence denotes A patient with keratoconjunctivitis who was later confirmed to have COVID‐19 had SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA in a two‐day‐old conjunctival swab.
T159 799-1001 Sentence denotes 52 Also, a patient in Italy who had bilateral conjunctivitis as part of their first symptoms was reported to have RNA in ocular swabs for 21 days after onset of symptoms, which included conjunctivitis.
T160 1002-1089 Sentence denotes 53 SARS‐CoV‐2 was grown from the ocular swab taken three days after onset of symptoms.
T161 1090-1255 Sentence denotes 53 However, another report shows that another patient who developed conjunctival infection and chemosis during their stay in the hospital had no viral RNA in tears.
T162 1256-1258 Sentence denotes 58
T163 1259-1370 Sentence denotes Most other studies have examined COVID‐19 patients who have not been reported to have ocular signs or symptoms.
T164 1371-1519 Sentence denotes One study collected 64 tear samples using a Schirmer strip from 17 confirmed COVID‐19 patients and analysed the tears using PCR to detect viral RNA.
T165 1520-1603 Sentence denotes 58 The samples were collected during three weeks of the infection in the patients.
T166 1604-1820 Sentence denotes While viral RNA could be detected in all nasopharyngeal swabs, no virus was grown from the tear samples and no viral RNA could be detected, even from those patients with symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection.
T167 1821-1920 Sentence denotes 58 The authors concluded ‘the hypothesis of the lacrimal duct as a viral conduit may not be true’.
T168 1921-2064 Sentence denotes A patient who presented with conjunctivitis that was later diagnosed with COVID‐19 had viral RNA detected in two subsequent conjunctival swabs.
T169 2065-2067 Sentence denotes 58
T170 2068-2159 Sentence denotes Another study collected tears and conjunctival secretions using a swab of the lower fornix.
T171 2160-2260 Sentence denotes 76 The study included 21 patients with ‘common‐type’ and nine patients with ‘severe‐type’ COVID‐19.
T172 2261-2376 Sentence denotes Fifty‐eight conjunctival swab samples from 20 common‐type patients and nine severe‐type patients were all negative.
T173 2377-2471 Sentence denotes Two conjunctival swabs of one common‐type patient yielded viral RNA upon PCR (three per cent).
T174 2472-2546 Sentence denotes In contrast, 55 of 60 sputum samples were positive upon PCR (92 per cent).
T175 2547-2676 Sentence denotes 76 A third study examined 63 confirmed COVID‐19 patients and four suspected patients by PCR for viral RNA of conjunctival swabs.
T176 2677-2795 Sentence denotes 77 Only one conjunctival sample was confirmed positive by PCR, and the only patient with conjunctivitis was negative.
T177 2796-2798 Sentence denotes 77
T178 2799-2875 Sentence denotes Ocular surfaces have also been sampled from patients infected with SARS‐CoV.
T179 2876-3070 Sentence denotes One study used both PCR and viral culture of tears collected from the deep lower fornix using a swab and conjunctival scrapings of the lower palpebral conjunctiva of 17 confirmed SARS‐CoV cases.
T180 3071-3162 Sentence denotes 78 That study was unable to detect virus using PCR and no virus was grown from any sample.
T181 3163-3165 Sentence denotes 78
T182 3166-3436 Sentence denotes A second study used PCR to detect SARS‐CoV RNA in 36 tear samples from probable (serology confirmed) or suspect cases of SARS, collected by everting the eyelids and sweeping the inferior fornixes of both eyes with sterile cotton tipped swabs without topical anaesthesia.
T183 3437-3570 Sentence denotes 79 Three of the eight probable cases were positive for viral RNA in their samples, while none of the 28 suspect cases were positive.
T184 3571-3763 Sentence denotes 79 The three positive cases had tears collected within nine days of onset of their illness, whereas the five negative cases had samples collected on average 19.4 days after onset of symptoms.
T185 3764-4105 Sentence denotes Examining all of the studies that have attempted to isolate live virus or analysed ocular samples for viral RNA demonstrates that, at any stage of disease, viral RNA was detected in only five per cent of ocular surface swabs (9/178); in other words, 95 per cent of samples did not yield viral RNA, and, where attempted, no sample grew virus.
T186 4106-4296 Sentence denotes As is acknowledged by Xia et al., 76 PCR can yield false positive and false negative data: false positive data due to sample contamination and false negative data due to sample degradation.
T187 4297-4533 Sentence denotes Given the low number of positive samples and the high number of negative samples, the present authors feel that the data demonstrate that it is very unlikely that SARS‐CoV‐2 is present at the ocular surface during coronavirus infection.
T188 4534-4684 Sentence denotes Thus, the hypotheses that the virus could travel from the nasopharynx or through the conjunctival capillaries during infection are probably incorrect.