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LitCovid-PubTator

LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

LitCovid-PD-HP

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-HP","denotations":[{"id":"T9","span":{"begin":487,"end":496},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T10","span":{"begin":869,"end":880},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T11","span":{"begin":948,"end":959},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T12","span":{"begin":1706,"end":1720},"obj":"Phenotype"},{"id":"T13","span":{"begin":1733,"end":1742},"obj":"Phenotype"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A9","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T9","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090"},{"id":"A10","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T10","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001824"},{"id":"A11","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T11","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001824"},{"id":"A12","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T12","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000509"},{"id":"A13","pred":"hp_id","subj":"T13","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000491"}],"text":"Animal studies of human coronavirus infection\nUsing animal models can help to determine whether the eye can become infected and the consequence of application of live virus to the eye. Unfortunately, most studies have not been designed specifically to examine the role of the eye in the disease process. Some studies have inoculated monkeys with SARS‐CoV intranasally and by topical application to the conjunctiva, and often also via their trachea.48, 49, 50 While the monkeys developed pneumonia, the role of the conjunctival inoculation cannot be analysed separately from the inoculation via the other routes.\nHowever, an as yet non‐peer‐reviewed paper has been made available that directly compares inoculation of SARS‐CoV‐2 of rhesus macaque monkeys via their conjunctiva, trachea or stomach. 51 While the one monkey that received SARS‐CoV‐2 via their trachea had weight loss, the two monkeys that were inoculated via their conjunctiva had no weight loss. SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA was transiently found in the conjunctiva after one day only, and only in conjunctiva‐infected monkeys. For the conjunctiva‐infected and trachea‐infected animals, viral RNA could be found in nasal and throat swabs over the course of seven days. Interestingly, the conjunctiva‐infected animal on day 14 had the highest antibody levels to SARS‐CoV‐2.\nThe authors concluded that conjunctival inoculation resulted in a mild lung infection compared to the trachea inoculation. 51 Unfortunately, no histology was performed on the eye during the infection, and given the very transient level of virus found in the conjunctival samples, infection or inflammation probably did not occur. If there was infection of the ocular surface, then conjunctivitis and perhaps keratitis would be expected to be manifestations of the disease. This study does suggest, at least for relatively large inocula (the authors used 1 × 106 50 per cent tissue‐culture infectious doses), that viral particles on the eye can travel to the lung but that they are either reduced in their virulence or the numbers that reach the lung are very low, and so the resulting infection was very mild."}

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

LitCovid-PD-CLO

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-CHEBI","denotations":[{"id":"T67","span":{"begin":147,"end":158},"obj":"Chemical"},{"id":"T68","span":{"begin":383,"end":394},"obj":"Chemical"}],"attributes":[{"id":"A67","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T67","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232"},{"id":"A68","pred":"chebi_id","subj":"T68","obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232"}],"text":"Animal studies of human coronavirus infection\nUsing animal models can help to determine whether the eye can become infected and the consequence of application of live virus to the eye. Unfortunately, most studies have not been designed specifically to examine the role of the eye in the disease process. Some studies have inoculated monkeys with SARS‐CoV intranasally and by topical application to the conjunctiva, and often also via their trachea.48, 49, 50 While the monkeys developed pneumonia, the role of the conjunctival inoculation cannot be analysed separately from the inoculation via the other routes.\nHowever, an as yet non‐peer‐reviewed paper has been made available that directly compares inoculation of SARS‐CoV‐2 of rhesus macaque monkeys via their conjunctiva, trachea or stomach. 51 While the one monkey that received SARS‐CoV‐2 via their trachea had weight loss, the two monkeys that were inoculated via their conjunctiva had no weight loss. SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA was transiently found in the conjunctiva after one day only, and only in conjunctiva‐infected monkeys. For the conjunctiva‐infected and trachea‐infected animals, viral RNA could be found in nasal and throat swabs over the course of seven days. Interestingly, the conjunctiva‐infected animal on day 14 had the highest antibody levels to SARS‐CoV‐2.\nThe authors concluded that conjunctival inoculation resulted in a mild lung infection compared to the trachea inoculation. 51 Unfortunately, no histology was performed on the eye during the infection, and given the very transient level of virus found in the conjunctival samples, infection or inflammation probably did not occur. If there was infection of the ocular surface, then conjunctivitis and perhaps keratitis would be expected to be manifestations of the disease. This study does suggest, at least for relatively large inocula (the authors used 1 × 106 50 per cent tissue‐culture infectious doses), that viral particles on the eye can travel to the lung but that they are either reduced in their virulence or the numbers that reach the lung are very low, and so the resulting infection was very mild."}

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

{"project":"LitCovid-PD-GO-BP","denotations":[{"id":"T4","span":{"begin":1618,"end":1630},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006954"},{"id":"T5","span":{"begin":2030,"end":2039},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0016032"},{"id":"T6","span":{"begin":2030,"end":2039},"obj":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0009405"}],"text":"Animal studies of human coronavirus infection\nUsing animal models can help to determine whether the eye can become infected and the consequence of application of live virus to the eye. Unfortunately, most studies have not been designed specifically to examine the role of the eye in the disease process. Some studies have inoculated monkeys with SARS‐CoV intranasally and by topical application to the conjunctiva, and often also via their trachea.48, 49, 50 While the monkeys developed pneumonia, the role of the conjunctival inoculation cannot be analysed separately from the inoculation via the other routes.\nHowever, an as yet non‐peer‐reviewed paper has been made available that directly compares inoculation of SARS‐CoV‐2 of rhesus macaque monkeys via their conjunctiva, trachea or stomach. 51 While the one monkey that received SARS‐CoV‐2 via their trachea had weight loss, the two monkeys that were inoculated via their conjunctiva had no weight loss. SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA was transiently found in the conjunctiva after one day only, and only in conjunctiva‐infected monkeys. For the conjunctiva‐infected and trachea‐infected animals, viral RNA could be found in nasal and throat swabs over the course of seven days. Interestingly, the conjunctiva‐infected animal on day 14 had the highest antibody levels to SARS‐CoV‐2.\nThe authors concluded that conjunctival inoculation resulted in a mild lung infection compared to the trachea inoculation. 51 Unfortunately, no histology was performed on the eye during the infection, and given the very transient level of virus found in the conjunctival samples, infection or inflammation probably did not occur. If there was infection of the ocular surface, then conjunctivitis and perhaps keratitis would be expected to be manifestations of the disease. This study does suggest, at least for relatively large inocula (the authors used 1 × 106 50 per cent tissue‐culture infectious doses), that viral particles on the eye can travel to the lung but that they are either reduced in their virulence or the numbers that reach the lung are very low, and so the resulting infection was very mild."}

LitCovid-sentences

{"project":"LitCovid-sentences","denotations":[{"id":"T99","span":{"begin":0,"end":45},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T100","span":{"begin":46,"end":184},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T101","span":{"begin":185,"end":303},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T102","span":{"begin":304,"end":611},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T103","span":{"begin":612,"end":796},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T104","span":{"begin":797,"end":960},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T105","span":{"begin":961,"end":1078},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T106","span":{"begin":1079,"end":1219},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T107","span":{"begin":1220,"end":1323},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T108","span":{"begin":1324,"end":1446},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T109","span":{"begin":1447,"end":1654},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T110","span":{"begin":1655,"end":1797},"obj":"Sentence"},{"id":"T111","span":{"begin":1798,"end":2134},"obj":"Sentence"}],"namespaces":[{"prefix":"_base","uri":"http://pubannotation.org/ontology/tao.owl#"}],"text":"Animal studies of human coronavirus infection\nUsing animal models can help to determine whether the eye can become infected and the consequence of application of live virus to the eye. Unfortunately, most studies have not been designed specifically to examine the role of the eye in the disease process. Some studies have inoculated monkeys with SARS‐CoV intranasally and by topical application to the conjunctiva, and often also via their trachea.48, 49, 50 While the monkeys developed pneumonia, the role of the conjunctival inoculation cannot be analysed separately from the inoculation via the other routes.\nHowever, an as yet non‐peer‐reviewed paper has been made available that directly compares inoculation of SARS‐CoV‐2 of rhesus macaque monkeys via their conjunctiva, trachea or stomach. 51 While the one monkey that received SARS‐CoV‐2 via their trachea had weight loss, the two monkeys that were inoculated via their conjunctiva had no weight loss. SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA was transiently found in the conjunctiva after one day only, and only in conjunctiva‐infected monkeys. For the conjunctiva‐infected and trachea‐infected animals, viral RNA could be found in nasal and throat swabs over the course of seven days. Interestingly, the conjunctiva‐infected animal on day 14 had the highest antibody levels to SARS‐CoV‐2.\nThe authors concluded that conjunctival inoculation resulted in a mild lung infection compared to the trachea inoculation. 51 Unfortunately, no histology was performed on the eye during the infection, and given the very transient level of virus found in the conjunctival samples, infection or inflammation probably did not occur. If there was infection of the ocular surface, then conjunctivitis and perhaps keratitis would be expected to be manifestations of the disease. This study does suggest, at least for relatively large inocula (the authors used 1 × 106 50 per cent tissue‐culture infectious doses), that viral particles on the eye can travel to the lung but that they are either reduced in their virulence or the numbers that reach the lung are very low, and so the resulting infection was very mild."}

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PMC:7272971 / 14417-16551 JSON TXT