PMC:7269710 / 3778-9246
Annnotations
LitCovid-PubTator
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | tao:has_database_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
63 | 122-128 | Species | denotes | people | Tax:9606 |
64 | 355-363 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
65 | 392-398 | Species | denotes | people | Tax:9606 |
66 | 430-436 | Species | denotes | people | Tax:9606 |
67 | 596-604 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
68 | 771-781 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
69 | 149-157 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
70 | 247-255 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
71 | 340-348 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
72 | 442-451 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | MESH:D011014 |
73 | 695-703 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
79 | 1230-1277 | Species | denotes | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 | Tax:2697049 |
80 | 1279-1289 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
81 | 1096-1104 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
82 | 1141-1165 | Disease | denotes | coronavirus disease 2019 | MESH:C000657245 |
83 | 1167-1175 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
87 | 1503-1513 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
88 | 1626-1636 | Species | denotes | SARS-CoV-2 | Tax:2697049 |
89 | 1399-1407 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
93 | 1965-1971 | Species | denotes | people | Tax:9606 |
94 | 1860-1868 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
95 | 1919-1928 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | MESH:D011014 |
98 | 2303-2311 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
99 | 2460-2479 | Disease | denotes | Infectious Diseases | MESH:D003141 |
105 | 2598-2604 | Species | denotes | people | Tax:9606 |
106 | 2846-2852 | Species | denotes | people | Tax:9606 |
107 | 2981-2987 | Species | denotes | people | Tax:9606 |
108 | 2620-2628 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
109 | 3003-3011 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
112 | 3751-3757 | Species | denotes | people | Tax:9606 |
113 | 3635-3643 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
120 | 4454-4472 | Gene | denotes | C-reactive protein | Gene:1401 |
121 | 4260-4266 | Species | denotes | people | Tax:9606 |
122 | 4549-4557 | Species | denotes | patients | Tax:9606 |
123 | 4566-4575 | Chemical | denotes | lopinavir | MESH:D061466 |
124 | 4590-4599 | Chemical | denotes | ritonavir | MESH:D019438 |
125 | 4282-4290 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
128 | 4946-4955 | Disease | denotes | infection | MESH:D007239 |
129 | 5176-5184 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | MESH:C000657245 |
LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | fma_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 159-167 | Body_part | denotes | appendix | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma14542 |
T2 | 818-826 | Body_part | denotes | appendix | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma14542 |
T3 | 4352-4357 | Body_part | denotes | blood | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670 |
T4 | 4394-4399 | Body_part | denotes | blood | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670 |
T5 | 4417-4422 | Body_part | denotes | liver | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7197 |
T6 | 4465-4472 | Body_part | denotes | protein | http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257 |
LitCovid-PD-UBERON
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | uberon_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 4352-4357 | Body_part | denotes | blood | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 |
T2 | 4394-4399 | Body_part | denotes | blood | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 |
T3 | 4417-4422 | Body_part | denotes | liver | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002107 |
LitCovid-PD-MONDO
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | mondo_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T28 | 149-157 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T29 | 340-348 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T30 | 442-451 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249 |
T31 | 487-496 | Disease | denotes | influenza | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812 |
T32 | 695-703 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T33 | 771-779 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T34 | 1096-1104 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T35 | 1141-1165 | Disease | denotes | coronavirus disease 2019 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T36 | 1167-1175 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T37 | 1230-1277 | Disease | denotes | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T38 | 1230-1263 | Disease | denotes | severe acute respiratory syndrome | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T39 | 1279-1287 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T40 | 1399-1407 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T41 | 1503-1511 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T42 | 1626-1634 | Disease | denotes | SARS-CoV | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091 |
T43 | 1860-1868 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T44 | 1919-1928 | Disease | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249 |
T45 | 1932-1941 | Disease | denotes | influenza | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812 |
T46 | 2303-2311 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T47 | 2460-2470 | Disease | denotes | Infectious | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
T48 | 2620-2628 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T49 | 3003-3011 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T50 | 3635-3643 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T51 | 4282-4290 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
T52 | 4946-4955 | Disease | denotes | infection | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550 |
T53 | 5176-5184 | Disease | denotes | COVID-19 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096 |
LitCovid-PD-CLO
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T17 | 77-80 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
T18 | 168-171 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008337 | denotes | p 4 |
T19 | 331-335 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | test |
T20 | 591-595 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | test |
T21 | 675-676 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
T22 | 737-738 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T23 | 789-790 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T24 | 812-816 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | test |
T25 | 827-830 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008285 | denotes | p 1 |
T26 | 827-830 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008286 | denotes | p 1 |
T27 | 1121-1122 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | A |
T28 | 1291-1294 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 | denotes | has |
T29 | 1794-1799 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009985 | denotes | focus |
T30 | 2073-2079 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | active |
T31 | 2700-2708 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | activity |
T32 | 2863-2864 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T33 | 2894-2895 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T34 | 3416-3424 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | activity |
T35 | 3849-3859 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | testing as |
T36 | 3868-3874 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 | denotes | active |
T37 | 3958-3959 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T38 | 4028-4029 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T39 | 4050-4056 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000968 | denotes | device |
T40 | 4182-4183 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T41 | 4352-4357 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 | denotes | blood |
T42 | 4352-4357 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 | denotes | blood |
T43 | 4383-4384 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 | denotes | a |
T44 | 4394-4399 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 | denotes | blood |
T45 | 4394-4399 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 | denotes | blood |
T46 | 4417-4422 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002107 | denotes | liver |
T47 | 4417-4422 | http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000887 | denotes | liver |
T48 | 4432-4437 | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 | denotes | tests |
LitCovid-PD-CHEBI
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | chebi_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T5 | 4465-4472 | Chemical | denotes | protein | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080 |
T6 | 4477-4484 | Chemical | denotes | lactate | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24996 |
T7 | 4566-4575 | Chemical | denotes | lopinavir | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_31781 |
T8 | 4590-4599 | Chemical | denotes | ritonavir | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45409 |
LitCovid-sentences
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue |
---|---|---|---|---|
T34 | 0-7 | Sentence | denotes | Methods |
T35 | 9-21 | Sentence | denotes | Study design |
T36 | 22-173 | Sentence | denotes | Since Jan 2, 2020, the Ministry of Health in Singapore has been refining local case-definitions for people suspected of having COVID-19 (appendix p 4). |
T37 | 174-543 | Sentence | denotes | Doctors are required by law to notify the Ministry of Health of cases of COVID-19.7 Further, Singapore implemented enhanced surveillance on Jan 31, 2020, to test for COVID-19 among patients in intensive care units and people who died of unknown cause, all people with pneumonia in hospitals, and individuals with influenza-like illness in sentinel primary-care clinics. |
T38 | 544-674 | Sentence | denotes | Hospital-based doctors also have permission to test patients who they view with suspicion for clinical or epidemiological reasons. |
T39 | 675-832 | Sentence | denotes | A confirmed case of COVID-19 is defined as an individual with a respiratory sample positive for SARS-CoV-2, using a laboratory-based PCR test (appendix p 1). |
T40 | 833-932 | Sentence | denotes | Phylogenetic analysis is done of available viral genomic sequences to ascertain genetic clustering. |
T41 | 933-952 | Sentence | denotes | Research in context |
T42 | 953-979 | Sentence | denotes | Evidence before this study |
T43 | 980-1120 | Sentence | denotes | We searched PubMed up to Feb 15, 2020 for reports published in English with no date limitations using the keywords “COVID-19” and “cluster”. |
T44 | 1121-1213 | Sentence | denotes | A family cluster of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported in Shenzhen, Guangdong. |
T45 | 1214-1342 | Sentence | denotes | Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has also been reported among co-workers in Germany. |
T46 | 1343-1368 | Sentence | denotes | Added value of this study |
T47 | 1369-1479 | Sentence | denotes | We analysed three clusters of COVID-19 in Singapore to assess interactions and possible modes of transmission. |
T48 | 1480-1579 | Sentence | denotes | Our findings show that SARS-CoV-2 is transmissible in community settings beyond household clusters. |
T49 | 1580-1733 | Sentence | denotes | Importation and limited local transmission of SARS-CoV-2 could have occurred before the lockdown of Wuhan and China's institution of travel restrictions. |
T50 | 1734-1776 | Sentence | denotes | Implications of all the available evidence |
T51 | 1777-2031 | Sentence | denotes | Countries should focus on enhancing detection and containment of local clusters of COVID-19, through surveillance of individuals with general pneumonia or influenza-like illnesses, and of people who have been in contact with unwell travellers from China. |
T52 | 2032-2227 | Sentence | denotes | It is also important for countries to do active case-finding among close contacts of affected individuals, including contacts with mild symptoms, to contain clusters and stop them from spreading. |
T53 | 2228-2363 | Sentence | denotes | The Ministry of Health in Singapore identified the first three clusters of COVID-19 cases on Feb 3, 2020, Feb 5, 2020, and Feb 8, 2020. |
T54 | 2364-2551 | Sentence | denotes | All epidemiological investigations and outbreak containment measures were implemented under the Infectious Diseases Act,7 which provides for use of data for analysis to control outbreaks. |
T55 | 2553-2582 | Sentence | denotes | Epidemiological investigation |
T56 | 2583-2784 | Sentence | denotes | We interviewed people with confirmed COVID-19 to obtain data for demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, and activity patterns, from 14 days preceding symptom onset until isolation in hospital. |
T57 | 2785-2971 | Sentence | denotes | We initiated contact tracing to identify close contacts (ie, people who spend a prolonged time within 2 m of a confirmed case) and other contacts who had some interactions with the case. |
T58 | 2972-3110 | Sentence | denotes | We asked people with confirmed COVID-19 about possible contact with confirmed cases reported overseas in the 14 days before symptom onset. |
T59 | 3111-3309 | Sentence | denotes | We used open source information from other countries (including government websites), news aggregators (eg, ProMed), and media reports to identify secondary transmissions in the respective clusters. |
T60 | 3310-3403 | Sentence | denotes | For each cluster, we investigated the implicated setting to ascertain potential interactions. |
T61 | 3404-3528 | Sentence | denotes | We reviewed activity maps of other confirmed cases in Singapore to identify potential epidemiological links to each cluster. |
T62 | 3529-3710 | Sentence | denotes | We placed close contacts under quarantine for 14 days from last exposure to the individual with confirmed COVID-19, either at home or at designated government quarantine facilities. |
T63 | 3711-3888 | Sentence | denotes | We monitored their health status daily; people who developed symptoms were conveyed in dedicated ambulances to hospital for isolation and testing as part of active case-finding. |
T64 | 3889-4057 | Sentence | denotes | We video-called individuals who were quarantined at home three times a day to verify their location; quarantine violators were tagged with a continuous tracking device. |
T65 | 4058-4226 | Sentence | denotes | We placed other contacts (depending on risk stratification) on phone surveillance or advised them to self-monitor and visit a primary-care clinic if they became unwell. |
T66 | 4228-4247 | Sentence | denotes | Clinical management |
T67 | 4248-4344 | Sentence | denotes | We isolated people with confirmed COVID-19 in individual negative-pressure rooms with anterooms. |
T68 | 4345-4499 | Sentence | denotes | We did blood investigations including a complete blood count, renal and liver function tests, and amounts of C-reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase. |
T69 | 4500-4621 | Sentence | denotes | Treatment was mainly supportive; we started some patients on oral lopinavir (400 mg) with ritonavir (100 mg) twice daily. |
T70 | 4622-4807 | Sentence | denotes | We obtained clinical data for chronic medical illnesses, physical examinations, laboratory and radiological results, and clinical progression and outcome from inpatient medical records. |
T71 | 4809-4846 | Sentence | denotes | Analysis of disease transmission data |
T72 | 4847-4992 | Sentence | denotes | We reported the median (IQR) incubation period, defined as the duration between estimated dates of infection and reported symptom onset, using R. |
T73 | 4993-5083 | Sentence | denotes | We reported the serial interval range between transmission pairs in the household cluster. |
T74 | 5084-5268 | Sentence | denotes | We also calculated the probable number of transmissions arising from each confirmed case of COVID-19 by assuming that there was one unknown primary case for each of the three clusters. |
T75 | 5270-5296 | Sentence | denotes | Role of the funding source |
T76 | 5297-5328 | Sentence | denotes | This study received no funding. |
T77 | 5329-5468 | Sentence | denotes | The corresponding authors had full access to all data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. |
LitCovid-PD-HP
Id | Subject | Object | Predicate | Lexical cue | hp_id |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T2 | 442-451 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |
T3 | 1919-1928 | Phenotype | denotes | pneumonia | http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090 |