> top > docs > PMC:7269710 > spans > 1596-27677 > annotations

PMC:7269710 / 1596-27677 JSONTXT

Annnotations TAB JSON ListView MergeView

LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
28 43-58 Disease denotes viral pneumonia
29 93-117 Disease denotes coronavirus disease 2019 MESH:C000657245
30 119-127 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
31 370-378 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
32 526-532 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
33 588-594 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
39 1064-1070 Species denotes people Tax:9606
40 803-811 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
41 904-912 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
42 1107-1115 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
43 1239-1247 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
48 1939-1986 Species denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Tax:2697049
49 1988-1998 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
50 1366-1374 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
51 1736-1744 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
63 2304-2310 Species denotes people Tax:9606
64 2537-2545 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
65 2574-2580 Species denotes people Tax:9606
66 2612-2618 Species denotes people Tax:9606
67 2778-2786 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
68 2953-2963 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
69 2331-2339 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
70 2429-2437 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
71 2522-2530 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
72 2624-2633 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
73 2877-2885 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
79 3412-3459 Species denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Tax:2697049
80 3461-3471 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
81 3278-3286 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
82 3323-3347 Disease denotes coronavirus disease 2019 MESH:C000657245
83 3349-3357 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
87 3685-3695 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
88 3808-3818 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
89 3581-3589 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
93 4147-4153 Species denotes people Tax:9606
94 4042-4050 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
95 4101-4110 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
98 4485-4493 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
99 4642-4661 Disease denotes Infectious Diseases MESH:D003141
105 4780-4786 Species denotes people Tax:9606
106 5028-5034 Species denotes people Tax:9606
107 5163-5169 Species denotes people Tax:9606
108 4802-4810 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
109 5185-5193 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
112 5933-5939 Species denotes people Tax:9606
113 5817-5825 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
120 6636-6654 Gene denotes C-reactive protein Gene:1401
121 6442-6448 Species denotes people Tax:9606
122 6731-6739 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
123 6748-6757 Chemical denotes lopinavir MESH:D061466
124 6772-6781 Chemical denotes ritonavir MESH:D019438
125 6464-6472 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
128 7128-7137 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
129 7358-7366 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
131 7680-7688 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
133 8300-8308 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
136 8322-8325 Gene denotes Age Gene:5973
137 8545-8569 Disease denotes coronavirus disease 2019 MESH:C000657245
148 8715-8718 Gene denotes Age Gene:5973
149 8996-9011 Disease denotes Chronic illness MESH:D002908
150 9093-9107 Disease denotes Symptoms Fever MESH:D051271
151 9117-9122 Disease denotes Cough MESH:D003371
152 9152-9171 Disease denotes Shortness of breath MESH:D004417
153 9180-9187 Disease denotes Myalgia MESH:D063806
154 9196-9205 Disease denotes Diarrhoea MESH:D003967
155 9220-9224 Disease denotes pain MESH:D010146
156 9251-9257 Disease denotes Nausea MESH:D009325
157 9261-9269 Disease denotes vomiting MESH:D014839
159 8672-8682 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
162 9447-9457 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
163 9458-9505 Species denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Tax:2697049
167 9509-9526 Disease denotes Allergic rhinitis MESH:D065631
168 9534-9546 Disease denotes hypertension MESH:D006973
169 9558-9578 Disease denotes cervical spondylosis MESH:D055009
176 7747-7753 Species denotes people Tax:9606
177 7824-7830 Species denotes people Tax:9606
178 7890-7896 Species denotes people Tax:9606
179 7964-7974 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
180 8110-8116 Species denotes people Tax:9606
181 7727-7735 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
195 9748-9751 Gene denotes AC1 Gene:10141
196 10041-10045 Gene denotes AGX1 Gene:6675
197 10050-10054 Gene denotes AGX2 Gene:6675
198 10296-10300 Gene denotes AGX1 Gene:6675
199 10305-10309 Gene denotes AGX2 Gene:6675
200 10700-10704 Gene denotes AGX1 Gene:6675
201 10709-10713 Gene denotes AGX2 Gene:6675
202 9756-9759 Gene denotes AC2 Gene:108
203 9946-9952 Species denotes people Tax:9606
204 10512-10524 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
205 10658-10668 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
206 9723-9731 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
207 9836-9844 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
215 10891-10895 Gene denotes AGX1 Gene:6675
216 10900-10904 Gene denotes AGX2 Gene:6675
217 10957-10967 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
218 11042-11054 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
219 10830-10838 Disease denotes coughing MESH:D003371
220 10930-10938 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
221 11004-11024 Disease denotes respiratory symptoms MESH:D012818
233 11508-11511 Gene denotes AC2 Gene:108
234 11513-11516 Gene denotes AC3 Gene:109
235 11522-11525 Gene denotes AC4 Gene:196883
236 11693-11696 Gene denotes AC1 Gene:10141
237 11698-11701 Gene denotes AC2 Gene:108
238 11703-11706 Gene denotes AC3 Gene:109
239 11712-11715 Gene denotes AC4 Gene:196883
240 11936-11939 Gene denotes AC1 Gene:10141
241 11946-11949 Gene denotes AH2 Gene:84083
242 11503-11506 Gene denotes AC1 Gene:10141
243 11597-11605 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
249 12186-12189 Gene denotes AC4 Gene:196883
250 12453-12456 Gene denotes AC1 Gene:10141
251 12178-12181 Gene denotes AC3 Gene:109
252 12250-12260 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
253 12524-12534 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
255 12596-12599 Gene denotes AH2 Gene:84083
261 13010-13022 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
262 13178-13190 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
263 13300-13310 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
264 13420-13432 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
265 12782-12790 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
267 14115-14127 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
274 14340-14352 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
275 14435-14441 Species denotes people Tax:9606
276 14526-14536 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
277 14469-14474 Disease denotes fever MESH:D005334
278 14476-14496 Disease denotes respiratory symptoms MESH:D012818
279 14938-14946 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
286 15092-15098 Species denotes people Tax:9606
287 15191-15201 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
288 15388-15394 Species denotes people Tax:9606
289 15677-15683 Species denotes people Tax:9606
290 15216-15225 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
291 15400-15408 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
294 16400-16406 Species denotes people Tax:9606
295 16593-16603 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
300 17536-17542 Species denotes people Tax:9606
301 17373-17382 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
302 17479-17488 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
303 17721-17729 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
305 18273-18281 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
307 18296-18320 Disease denotes coronavirus disease 2019 MESH:C000657245
315 18761-18767 Species denotes people Tax:9606
316 18822-18828 Species denotes people Tax:9606
317 18372-18377 Disease denotes fever MESH:D005334
318 18382-18387 Disease denotes cough MESH:D003371
319 18565-18570 Disease denotes fever MESH:D005334
320 18769-18780 Disease denotes Lymphopenia MESH:D008231
321 18833-18849 Disease denotes thrombocytopenia MESH:D013921
326 19179-19189 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
327 19290-19296 Chemical denotes oxygen MESH:D010100
328 19460-19469 Chemical denotes lopinavir MESH:D061466
329 19489-19495 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
332 19622-19630 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
333 19761-19769 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
336 20080-20085 Species denotes human Tax:9606
337 20089-20094 Species denotes human Tax:9606
348 21297-21303 Species denotes people Tax:9606
349 21472-21478 Species denotes people Tax:9606
350 21766-21774 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
351 21890-21898 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
352 22349-22359 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
353 22593-22603 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
354 21446-21455 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
355 21728-21737 Disease denotes pneumonia MESH:D011014
356 22335-22343 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
357 22520-22528 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
360 23242-23245 Gene denotes aid Gene:57379
361 23040-23052 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
364 23615-23627 Species denotes participants Tax:9606
365 23299-23307 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
375 24167-24170 Gene denotes AC2 Gene:108
376 24429-24432 Gene denotes AC2 Gene:108
377 24641-24644 Gene denotes AC2 Gene:108
378 24653-24656 Gene denotes AC2 Gene:108
379 24332-24335 Gene denotes AC2 Gene:108
380 24561-24567 Species denotes people Tax:9606
381 24442-24451 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
382 24504-24514 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
383 24666-24675 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239

LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T1 2341-2349 Body_part denotes appendix http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma14542
T2 3000-3008 Body_part denotes appendix http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma14542
T3 6534-6539 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670
T4 6576-6581 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9670
T5 6599-6604 Body_part denotes liver http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7197
T6 6647-6654 Body_part denotes protein http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67257
T7 9137-9143 Body_part denotes throat http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma228738
T8 9214-9219 Body_part denotes Chest http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576
T9 9239-9243 Body_part denotes nose http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma46472
T10 9277-9282 Body_part denotes Chest http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576
T11 12407-12411 Body_part denotes sole http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma25000
T12 12708-12716 Body_part denotes appendix http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma14542
T13 18640-18645 Body_part denotes chest http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9576
T14 18793-18798 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T15 18862-18867 Body_part denotes cells http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma68646
T16 23966-23970 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T1 6534-6539 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178
T2 6576-6581 Body_part denotes blood http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178
T3 6599-6604 Body_part denotes liver http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002107
T4 9137-9143 Body_part denotes throat http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000341
T5 9214-9219 Body_part denotes Chest http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443
T6 9239-9243 Body_part denotes nose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000004
T7 9277-9282 Body_part denotes Chest http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443
T8 18640-18645 Body_part denotes chest http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001443
T9 23966-23970 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T13 43-58 Disease denotes viral pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006012
T14 49-58 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T15 93-117 Disease denotes coronavirus disease 2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T16 119-127 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T17 370-378 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T18 803-811 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T19 904-912 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T20 1107-1115 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T21 1239-1247 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T22 1366-1374 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T23 1438-1452 Disease denotes infectiousness http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T24 1736-1744 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T25 1939-1986 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T26 1939-1972 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T27 1988-1996 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T28 2331-2339 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T29 2522-2530 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T30 2624-2633 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T31 2669-2678 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T32 2877-2885 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T33 2953-2961 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T34 3278-3286 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T35 3323-3347 Disease denotes coronavirus disease 2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T36 3349-3357 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T37 3412-3459 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T38 3412-3445 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T39 3461-3469 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T40 3581-3589 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T41 3685-3693 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T42 3808-3816 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T43 4042-4050 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T44 4101-4110 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T45 4114-4123 Disease denotes influenza http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T46 4485-4493 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T47 4642-4652 Disease denotes Infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T48 4802-4810 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T49 5185-5193 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T50 5817-5825 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T51 6464-6472 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T52 7128-7137 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T53 7358-7366 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T54 7680-7688 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T55 7727-7735 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T56 7964-7972 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T57 8300-8308 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T58 8536-8544 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T59 8545-8569 Disease denotes coronavirus disease 2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T60 8672-8680 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T61 9132-9143 Disease denotes Sore throat http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002258
T62 9196-9205 Disease denotes Diarrhoea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0001673
T63 9233-9243 Disease denotes Runny nose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0003014
T64 9447-9455 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T65 9458-9505 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T66 9458-9491 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T67 9509-9526 Disease denotes Allergic rhinitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0011786
T68 9518-9526 Disease denotes rhinitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0003014
T69 9534-9546 Disease denotes hypertension http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005044
T70 9567-9578 Disease denotes spondylosis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002253
T71 9723-9731 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T72 9836-9844 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T73 10624-10627 Disease denotes AT1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008840
T74 10658-10666 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T75 10820-10823 Disease denotes AT1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008840
T76 10930-10938 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T77 10957-10965 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T78 11597-11605 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T79 12250-12258 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T80 12524-12532 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T81 12610-12613 Disease denotes AT1 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008840
T82 12782-12790 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T83 13300-13308 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T84 14526-14534 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T85 14938-14946 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T86 15191-15199 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T87 15216-15225 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T88 15400-15408 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T89 16593-16601 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T90 17373-17382 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T91 17479-17488 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T92 18273-18281 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T93 18287-18295 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T94 18296-18320 Disease denotes coronavirus disease 2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T95 18769-18780 Disease denotes Lymphopenia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0003783
T96 18833-18849 Disease denotes thrombocytopenia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002049
T97 19179-19187 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T98 19622-19630 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T99 19761-19769 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T100 21446-21455 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T101 21728-21737 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T102 22349-22357 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T103 22520-22528 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T104 22593-22601 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T105 23299-23307 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T106 24442-24451 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T107 24504-24514 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T108 24666-24675 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T7 30-31 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T8 404-405 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T9 663-664 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T10 734-739 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T11 1051-1053 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T12 1131-1133 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T13 1280-1281 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T14 1305-1306 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T15 1331-1332 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T16 1489-1499 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activities
T17 2259-2262 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T18 2350-2353 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008337 denotes p 4
T19 2513-2517 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T20 2773-2777 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T21 2857-2858 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T22 2919-2920 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T23 2971-2972 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T24 2994-2998 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T25 3009-3012 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008285 denotes p 1
T26 3009-3012 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0008286 denotes p 1
T27 3303-3304 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T28 3473-3476 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T29 3976-3981 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009985 denotes focus
T30 4255-4261 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes active
T31 4882-4890 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T32 5045-5046 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T33 5076-5077 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T34 5598-5606 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T35 6031-6041 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing as
T36 6050-6056 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes active
T37 6140-6141 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T38 6210-6211 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T39 6232-6238 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000968 denotes device
T40 6364-6365 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T41 6534-6539 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T42 6534-6539 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 denotes blood
T43 6565-6566 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T44 6576-6581 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000178 denotes blood
T45 6576-6581 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000296 denotes blood
T46 6599-6604 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002107 denotes liver
T47 6599-6604 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000887 denotes liver
T48 6614-6619 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T49 7689-7691 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001313 denotes 36
T50 7807-7808 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T51 7821-7823 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T52 7833-7834 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T53 7944-7950 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T54 8130-8131 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T55 8152-8153 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T56 8652-8658 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T57 8731-8733 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001313 denotes 36
T58 8745-8749 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 denotes Male
T59 8745-8749 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 denotes Male
T60 8753-8755 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053794 denotes 41
T61 8758-8764 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003100 denotes Female
T62 8800-8802 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001527 denotes 94
T63 8862-8864 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T64 8893-8894 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T65 8946-8947 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T66 8972-8974 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T67 9020-9022 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T68 9175-9177 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001000 denotes 35
T69 9214-9219 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965 denotes Chest
T70 9228-9230 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050510 denotes 18
T71 9239-9243 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000828 denotes nose
T72 9277-9282 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965 denotes Chest
T73 9632-9633 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T74 9748-9751 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050355 denotes AC1
T75 9756-9759 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001649 denotes AC2
T76 9854-9860 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T77 10057-10058 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T78 10203-10205 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T79 10258-10260 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T80 10282-10283 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T81 10411-10413 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050509 denotes 27
T82 10638-10644 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T83 11186-11187 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T84 11227-11228 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T85 11503-11506 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050355 denotes AC1
T86 11508-11511 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001649 denotes AC2
T87 11693-11696 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050355 denotes AC1
T88 11698-11701 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001649 denotes AC2
T89 11936-11939 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050355 denotes AC1
T90 12230-12236 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T91 12317-12323 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes active
T92 12453-12456 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050355 denotes AC1
T93 12490-12496 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T94 12735-12736 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T95 12772-12773 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T96 12880-12881 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T97 12902-12903 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T98 13061-13063 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T99 13256-13258 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001812 denotes B3
T100 13264-13266 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001818 denotes B5
T101 13276-13278 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001438 denotes B7
T102 13280-13286 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T103 13613-13614 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T104 13669-13670 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T105 13860-13862 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001812 denotes B3
T106 13875-13877 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001438 denotes B7
T107 13914-13917 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001577 denotes a 3
T108 14033-14039 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001800 denotes B1, B3
T109 14049-14051 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001818 denotes B5
T110 14061-14062 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T111 14106-14108 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053794 denotes 41
T112 14139-14142 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050884 denotes ten
T113 14191-14193 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001812 denotes B3
T114 14204-14206 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001438 denotes B7
T115 14515-14521 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T116 14562-14564 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001818 denotes B5
T117 14566-14572 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T118 14590-14595 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T119 14642-14650 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activity
T120 15016-15018 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001438 denotes B7
T121 15122-15124 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0037284 denotes C4
T122 15171-15177 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T123 15240-15248 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes Activity
T124 15331-15333 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0002131 denotes C5
T125 15357-15363 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes active
T126 15451-15453 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051741 denotes C1
T127 15458-15460 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0002105 denotes C2
T128 15458-15460 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051742 denotes C2
T129 15602-15604 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051741 denotes C1
T130 15609-15611 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0002105 denotes C2
T131 15609-15611 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051742 denotes C2
T132 15814-15815 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T133 15887-15889 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T134 15899-15901 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051741 denotes C1
T135 15906-15908 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0002105 denotes C2
T136 15906-15908 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051742 denotes C2
T137 16134-16136 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0002131 denotes C5
T138 16173-16175 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051741 denotes C1
T139 16180-16182 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0002105 denotes C2
T140 16180-16182 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051742 denotes C2
T141 16573-16579 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tested
T142 16602-16607 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001230 denotes 2. 93
T143 16602-16607 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0037237 denotes 2. 93
T144 16602-16607 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050903 denotes 2. 93
T145 16602-16607 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054249 denotes 2. 93
T146 16602-16607 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054250 denotes 2. 93
T147 16602-16607 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054251 denotes 2. 93
T148 16602-16607 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0054252 denotes 2. 93
T149 16889-16890 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T150 17126-17128 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T151 17187-17197 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activities
T152 17306-17307 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T153 17341-17351 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activities
T154 17638-17641 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001313 denotes 3–6
T155 17733-17734 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T156 17999-18002 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001313 denotes 3–6
T157 18086-18093 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001759 denotes that 31
T158 18154-18156 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001438 denotes B7
T159 18502-18505 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001602 denotes a 6
T160 18502-18505 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001603 denotes a 6
T161 18502-18505 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050248 denotes a 6
T162 18502-18505 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0052463 denotes a 6
T163 18516-18520 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003101 denotes male
T164 18516-18520 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000970 denotes male
T165 18640-18645 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000965 denotes chest
T166 18783-18786 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 1·1
T167 18793-18798 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T168 18862-18867 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005623 denotes cells
T169 19219-19226 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T170 19673-19674 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T171 19719-19720 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T172 19819-19820 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T173 20080-20085 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T174 20089-20094 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T175 20134-20136 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T176 20203-20204 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T177 20293-20295 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050509 denotes 27
T178 20680-20681 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T179 20709-20710 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T180 20945-20947 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050507 denotes 22
T181 21188-21189 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T182 21309-21310 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T183 21555-21556 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T184 21640-21647 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T185 21698-21701 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0050884 denotes ten
T186 21755-21762 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T187 21885-21889 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T188 22086-22091 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009985 denotes focus
T189 22442-22447 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T190 22604-22609 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T191 22664-22665 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T192 22841-22842 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T193 23249-23255 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes active
T194 23505-23506 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T195 23563-23573 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activities
T196 23661-23662 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001021 denotes B
T197 23879-23880 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T198 23982-23983 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T199 24130-24131 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T200 24167-24170 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001649 denotes AC2
T201 24332-24335 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001649 denotes AC2
T202 24429-24432 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001649 denotes AC2
T203 24641-24644 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001649 denotes AC2
T204 24653-24656 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001649 denotes AC2
T205 24695-24696 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T206 24748-24753 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0002215 denotes C, C1
T207 24795-24797 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0002105 denotes C2
T208 24795-24797 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051742 denotes C2
T209 25839-25846 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009985 denotes focused
T210 25996-26002 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes active

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T2 16-19 Chemical denotes Dec http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23574|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23580
T4 1287-1292 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T5 6647-6654 Chemical denotes protein http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36080
T6 6659-6666 Chemical denotes lactate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24996
T7 6748-6757 Chemical denotes lopinavir http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_31781
T8 6772-6781 Chemical denotes ritonavir http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45409
T9 8904-8909 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T10 10289-10294 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T11 10771-10776 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T12 11036-11041 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T13 11087-11092 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T14 11162-11167 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T15 11665-11670 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T16 11946-11949 Chemical denotes AH2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17499
T17 12596-12599 Chemical denotes AH2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17499
T18 13252-13254 Chemical denotes B2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_51707
T19 15458-15460 Chemical denotes C2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30083
T20 15583-15585 Chemical denotes Re http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49882
T21 15609-15611 Chemical denotes C2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30083
T22 15906-15908 Chemical denotes C2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30083
T23 16180-16182 Chemical denotes C2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30083
T24 16991-16996 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T25 18516-18520 Chemical denotes male http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30780
T26 19290-19296 Chemical denotes oxygen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25805
T27 19460-19469 Chemical denotes lopinavir http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_31781
T28 19475-19484 Chemical denotes ritonavir http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45409
T29 19688-19693 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T30 20652-20657 Chemical denotes group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24433
T31 24795-24797 Chemical denotes C2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30083

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 10386-10392 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0060361 denotes flight
T2 13492-13502 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0065007 denotes Regulation

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T21 0-12 Sentence denotes Introduction
T22 13-651 Sentence denotes On Dec 31, 2019, a cluster of viral pneumonia cases, subsequently identified as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was reported in Wuhan, China.1 Subsequent reports suggested that community transmission had occurred in Wuhan and Hubei province, leading to the lockdown of Wuhan on Jan 23, 2020, and subsequently other cities in Hubei province, to control COVID-19 spread.2, 3 WHO declared a public health emergency of international concern on Jan 30, 2020.4 As of March 6, 2020, 98 192 confirmed cases and 3380 deaths were reported globally, including 17 481 cases and 335 deaths from 88 regions or countries outside of mainland China.5
T23 652-856 Sentence denotes Singapore, a city-state in southeast Asia, developed case-definitions, laboratory tests, and enhanced surveillance to detect affected individuals with COVID-19 early, to enable containment of the disease.
T24 857-1040 Sentence denotes Singapore confirmed its first imported case of COVID-19 from Wuhan on Jan 23, 2020.6 With the lockdown of Wuhan, inbound flights from Wuhan to Singapore had ceased since Jan 23, 2020.
T25 1041-1191 Sentence denotes As of Feb 22, 2020, 89 people in Singapore were confirmed to have COVID-19, and the first 18 affected individuals all reported recent travel to Wuhan.
T26 1192-1340 Sentence denotes Singapore identified several local clusters of COVID-19, with the first three linked to a tour group from China, a company conference, and a church.
T27 1341-1425 Sentence denotes To contain the spread of COVID-19, several pertinent questions need to be addressed.
T28 1426-1462 Sentence denotes What is the infectiousness of cases?
T29 1463-1546 Sentence denotes What are the settings and activities beyond family clusters where spread can occur?
T30 1547-1620 Sentence denotes What measures should be taken to improve surveillance and case-detection?
T31 1621-1661 Sentence denotes What measures can reduce disease spread?
T32 1662-2051 Sentence denotes To answer these questions, we report data for the first three clusters of COVID-19 cases in Singapore, the epidemiological and clinical investigations done to ascertain disease characteristics and exposure types, and summary statistics to characterise the incubation period of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the serial interval between transmission pairs.
T33 2052-2180 Sentence denotes Our findings will be important for countries and cities to calibrate detection and response efforts during the ongoing epidemic.
T34 2182-2189 Sentence denotes Methods
T35 2191-2203 Sentence denotes Study design
T36 2204-2355 Sentence denotes Since Jan 2, 2020, the Ministry of Health in Singapore has been refining local case-definitions for people suspected of having COVID-19 (appendix p 4).
T37 2356-2725 Sentence denotes Doctors are required by law to notify the Ministry of Health of cases of COVID-19.7 Further, Singapore implemented enhanced surveillance on Jan 31, 2020, to test for COVID-19 among patients in intensive care units and people who died of unknown cause, all people with pneumonia in hospitals, and individuals with influenza-like illness in sentinel primary-care clinics.
T38 2726-2856 Sentence denotes Hospital-based doctors also have permission to test patients who they view with suspicion for clinical or epidemiological reasons.
T39 2857-3014 Sentence denotes A confirmed case of COVID-19 is defined as an individual with a respiratory sample positive for SARS-CoV-2, using a laboratory-based PCR test (appendix p 1).
T40 3015-3114 Sentence denotes Phylogenetic analysis is done of available viral genomic sequences to ascertain genetic clustering.
T41 3115-3134 Sentence denotes Research in context
T42 3135-3161 Sentence denotes Evidence before this study
T43 3162-3302 Sentence denotes We searched PubMed up to Feb 15, 2020 for reports published in English with no date limitations using the keywords “COVID-19” and “cluster”.
T44 3303-3395 Sentence denotes A family cluster of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported in Shenzhen, Guangdong.
T45 3396-3524 Sentence denotes Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has also been reported among co-workers in Germany.
T46 3525-3550 Sentence denotes Added value of this study
T47 3551-3661 Sentence denotes We analysed three clusters of COVID-19 in Singapore to assess interactions and possible modes of transmission.
T48 3662-3761 Sentence denotes Our findings show that SARS-CoV-2 is transmissible in community settings beyond household clusters.
T49 3762-3915 Sentence denotes Importation and limited local transmission of SARS-CoV-2 could have occurred before the lockdown of Wuhan and China's institution of travel restrictions.
T50 3916-3958 Sentence denotes Implications of all the available evidence
T51 3959-4213 Sentence denotes Countries should focus on enhancing detection and containment of local clusters of COVID-19, through surveillance of individuals with general pneumonia or influenza-like illnesses, and of people who have been in contact with unwell travellers from China.
T52 4214-4409 Sentence denotes It is also important for countries to do active case-finding among close contacts of affected individuals, including contacts with mild symptoms, to contain clusters and stop them from spreading.
T53 4410-4545 Sentence denotes The Ministry of Health in Singapore identified the first three clusters of COVID-19 cases on Feb 3, 2020, Feb 5, 2020, and Feb 8, 2020.
T54 4546-4733 Sentence denotes All epidemiological investigations and outbreak containment measures were implemented under the Infectious Diseases Act,7 which provides for use of data for analysis to control outbreaks.
T55 4735-4764 Sentence denotes Epidemiological investigation
T56 4765-4966 Sentence denotes We interviewed people with confirmed COVID-19 to obtain data for demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, and activity patterns, from 14 days preceding symptom onset until isolation in hospital.
T57 4967-5153 Sentence denotes We initiated contact tracing to identify close contacts (ie, people who spend a prolonged time within 2 m of a confirmed case) and other contacts who had some interactions with the case.
T58 5154-5292 Sentence denotes We asked people with confirmed COVID-19 about possible contact with confirmed cases reported overseas in the 14 days before symptom onset.
T59 5293-5491 Sentence denotes We used open source information from other countries (including government websites), news aggregators (eg, ProMed), and media reports to identify secondary transmissions in the respective clusters.
T60 5492-5585 Sentence denotes For each cluster, we investigated the implicated setting to ascertain potential interactions.
T61 5586-5710 Sentence denotes We reviewed activity maps of other confirmed cases in Singapore to identify potential epidemiological links to each cluster.
T62 5711-5892 Sentence denotes We placed close contacts under quarantine for 14 days from last exposure to the individual with confirmed COVID-19, either at home or at designated government quarantine facilities.
T63 5893-6070 Sentence denotes We monitored their health status daily; people who developed symptoms were conveyed in dedicated ambulances to hospital for isolation and testing as part of active case-finding.
T64 6071-6239 Sentence denotes We video-called individuals who were quarantined at home three times a day to verify their location; quarantine violators were tagged with a continuous tracking device.
T65 6240-6408 Sentence denotes We placed other contacts (depending on risk stratification) on phone surveillance or advised them to self-monitor and visit a primary-care clinic if they became unwell.
T66 6410-6429 Sentence denotes Clinical management
T67 6430-6526 Sentence denotes We isolated people with confirmed COVID-19 in individual negative-pressure rooms with anterooms.
T68 6527-6681 Sentence denotes We did blood investigations including a complete blood count, renal and liver function tests, and amounts of C-reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase.
T69 6682-6803 Sentence denotes Treatment was mainly supportive; we started some patients on oral lopinavir (400 mg) with ritonavir (100 mg) twice daily.
T70 6804-6989 Sentence denotes We obtained clinical data for chronic medical illnesses, physical examinations, laboratory and radiological results, and clinical progression and outcome from inpatient medical records.
T71 6991-7028 Sentence denotes Analysis of disease transmission data
T72 7029-7174 Sentence denotes We reported the median (IQR) incubation period, defined as the duration between estimated dates of infection and reported symptom onset, using R.
T73 7175-7265 Sentence denotes We reported the serial interval range between transmission pairs in the household cluster.
T74 7266-7450 Sentence denotes We also calculated the probable number of transmissions arising from each confirmed case of COVID-19 by assuming that there was one unknown primary case for each of the three clusters.
T75 7452-7478 Sentence denotes Role of the funding source
T76 7479-7510 Sentence denotes This study received no funding.
T77 7511-7650 Sentence denotes The corresponding authors had full access to all data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication.
T78 7652-7659 Sentence denotes Results
T79 7661-7688 Sentence denotes Confirmed cases of COVID-19
T80 7689-7909 Sentence denotes 36 individuals were confirmed to have COVID-19, and these people were related to three local clusters, referred to as A (containing 11 people), B (consisting of 20 individuals), and C (comprising five people; figure 1 ).
T81 7910-8105 Sentence denotes Of these affected individuals, 17 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in Singapore, of whom only two (both from cluster C) had recent travel history to China 14 days before onset of symptoms (table ).
T82 8106-8242 Sentence denotes Two people from cluster A and 17 from cluster B were reported by the health authorities of countries where they resided or travelled to.
T83 8243-8321 Sentence denotes Figure 1 Timing of events and cases in three clusters of COVID-19 in Singapore
T84 8322-8440 Sentence denotes Age and sex are shown for each case (left panels), with other pertinent information (eg, relationship or nationality).
T85 8441-8535 Sentence denotes Timeline of events (right panels); onset dates of symptomatic cases are shown, when available.
T86 8536-8570 Sentence denotes COVID-19=coronavirus disease 2019.
T87 8571-8695 Sentence denotes Table Demographic, clinical, and radiological characteristics of individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in Singapore
T88 8696-8714 Sentence denotes Individuals (n=17)
T89 8715-8737 Sentence denotes Age (years) 40 (36–51)
T90 8738-8744 Sentence denotes Gender
T91 8745-8757 Sentence denotes Male 7 (41%)
T92 8758-8773 Sentence denotes Female 10 (59%)
T93 8774-8787 Sentence denotes Ethnic origin
T94 8788-8804 Sentence denotes Chinese 16 (94%)
T95 8805-8817 Sentence denotes Other 1 (6%)
T96 8818-8829 Sentence denotes Nationality
T97 8830-8850 Sentence denotes Singaporean 13 (76%)
T98 8851-8866 Sentence denotes Chinese 3 (18%)
T99 8867-8884 Sentence denotes Indonesian 1 (6%)
T100 8885-8892 Sentence denotes Cluster
T101 8893-8945 Sentence denotes A (tourist group from China and shopworkers) 9 (53%)
T102 8946-8976 Sentence denotes B (company conference) 3 (18%)
T103 8977-8995 Sentence denotes C (church) 5 (29%)
T104 8996-9011 Sentence denotes Chronic illness
T105 9012-9024 Sentence denotes Yes* 3 (18%)
T106 9025-9036 Sentence denotes No 14 (82%)
T107 9037-9068 Sentence denotes Travel to China in past 14 days
T108 9069-9080 Sentence denotes Yes 2 (12%)
T109 9081-9092 Sentence denotes No 15 (88%)
T110 9093-9101 Sentence denotes Symptoms
T111 9102-9116 Sentence denotes Fever 15 (88%)
T112 9117-9131 Sentence denotes Cough 14 (82%)
T113 9132-9151 Sentence denotes Sore throat 8 (47%)
T114 9152-9179 Sentence denotes Shortness of breath 6 (35%)
T115 9180-9195 Sentence denotes Myalgia 5 (29%)
T116 9196-9213 Sentence denotes Diarrhoea 4 (24%)
T117 9214-9232 Sentence denotes Chest pain 3 (18%)
T118 9233-9250 Sentence denotes Runny nose 1 (6%)
T119 9251-9276 Sentence denotes Nausea or vomiting 1 (6%)
T120 9277-9317 Sentence denotes Chest radiography findings on admission†
T121 9318-9333 Sentence denotes Present 8 (53%)
T122 9334-9348 Sentence denotes Absent 7 (47%)
T123 9349-9414 Sentence denotes Interval between symptom onset and hospitalisation (days) 4 (3–9)
T124 9415-9446 Sentence denotes Data are median (IQR) or n (%).
T125 9447-9506 Sentence denotes SARS-CoV-2=severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
T126 9507-9585 Sentence denotes * Allergic rhinitis (n=1), hypertension (n=1), and cervical spondylosis (n=1).
T127 9586-9622 Sentence denotes † Data available for 15 individuals.
T128 9624-9633 Sentence denotes Cluster A
T129 9634-9784 Sentence denotes The Ministry of Health in Singapore was alerted to two individuals with locally acquired COVID-19 on Feb 3, 2020 (AC1 and AC2; figure 1 upper panels).
T130 9785-9935 Sentence denotes They did not fit the case-definition for suspected COVID-19 but were tested because they reported frequent occupational contact with Chinese tourists.
T131 9936-10295 Sentence denotes These two people were later identified to be linked epidemiologically to two other affected individuals (AGX1 and AGX2), a father and daughter reported by official and media websites in Guangxi, China,8, 9, 10 to be Chinese tourists who travelled to Singapore on Jan 22, 2020, and who visited several tourist sites on Jan 22–23, 2020, as part of a tour group.
T132 10296-10491 Sentence denotes AGX1 and AGX2 subsequently departed for Malaysia before re-entry into Singapore for their flight to Guangxi on Jan 27, 2020, and they developed symptoms on Jan 28, 2020, after arrival in Guangxi.
T133 10492-10743 Sentence denotes Details of the tour participants and the itinerary, obtained through the Singapore-based tour guide for the Singapore tour segment (AT1, who also tested positive for SARS-CoV-2) corroborated with details for AGX1 and AGX2 reported by Guangxi websites.
T134 10744-10855 Sentence denotes Of 20 tourists in the tour group from Guangxi, five or six were reported by AT1 to be coughing during the tour.
T135 10856-11124 Sentence denotes To the best of our knowledge, only AGX1 and AGX2 had laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 (positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2).8 However, in view of the reported respiratory symptoms among tour group participants, it is possible that other tour group members were the primary cases.
T136 11125-11305 Sentence denotes Among the places visited by the tour group in Singapore were a complementary health products shop and a jewellery shop; both shops are patronised frequently by Chinese tour groups.
T137 11306-11443 Sentence denotes The visits to the complementary health products shop lasted approximately 30 min, and the visit to the jewellery shop lasted roughly 1 h.
T138 11444-11606 Sentence denotes Four assistants in the complementary health products shop (AC1, AC2, AC3, and AC4) and one assistant in the jewellery shop (AJ1) were identified to have COVID-19.
T139 11607-11692 Sentence denotes All five shop assistants were at work on the day the tour group from Guangxi visited.
T140 11693-11864 Sentence denotes AC1, AC2, AC3, and AC4 reported that they would assist customers to apply samples of medicinal oil on their bodies, and handwashing was not usually done between customers.
T141 11865-12003 Sentence denotes Three secondary transmission cases were identified in the household of AC1 (AH1, AH2, and AH3), none of whom were contacts of other cases.
T142 12004-12261 Sentence denotes For the cases who were confirmed on or before Feb 5, 2020, 179 close contacts who were in Singapore and contactable were placed under quarantine, of whom two close contacts (AC3 and AC4) subsequently reported to be unwell and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2.
T143 12262-12312 Sentence denotes An additional six close contacts were quarantined.
T144 12313-12535 Sentence denotes For active surveillance, 16 shop assistants at the complementary health products shop and the sole remaining uninfected household member of AC1, who were all asymptomatic, were tested and none were positive for SARS-CoV-2.
T145 12536-12725 Sentence denotes Viral genomic sequences were available for four cases (AH1, AH2, AH3, and AT1) and phylogenetic analysis confirmed their linkage, as suggested by the epidemiological data (appendix pp 2–3).
T146 12727-12736 Sentence denotes Cluster B
T147 12737-13070 Sentence denotes On Feb 4, 2020, Malaysia confirmed a case of COVID-19 in an individual (B1) who had recent travel history to Singapore on Jan 16–23, 2020, for a company conference (a closed business meeting for employees from company branches globally), which was attended by at least 111 participants from 19 different countries on Jan 20–22, 2020.
T148 13071-13159 Sentence denotes 17 attendees at the conference were from mainland China and at least one was from Wuhan.
T149 13160-13336 Sentence denotes Subsequently, six participants at the conference who had no recent travel history to China (B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, and B7) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (figure 1 middle panels).
T150 13337-13521 Sentence denotes Two affected individuals from Singapore were identified through contact tracing of participants after notification from the Malaysian International Health Regulation (IHR) focal point.
T151 13522-13695 Sentence denotes The conference programme included business presentations, workshops, breakout discussions, a welcome reception and meals, team-building games, and a Singapore city bus tour.
T152 13696-13840 Sentence denotes Seating arrangements (where available) for the conference, and interviews with affected individuals, indicated close interactions between cases.
T153 13841-14020 Sentence denotes Two groups (B1 and B3, and B4 and B7) were seated at the same tables for a 3-h Chinese banquet-style dinner on Jan 20, 2020, with three and two attendees from China, respectively.
T154 14021-14230 Sentence denotes Four cases (B1, B3, B4, and B5) were in a 4-h breakout session on Jan 21, 2020, with 41 other participants, including ten from China, of whom three had dined with B1 and B3 or B4 and B7 at the Chinese banquet.
T155 14231-14300 Sentence denotes Furthermore, the team-building games entailed close physical contact.
T156 14301-14429 Sentence denotes With initial news of B1, 15 conference participants remaining in Singapore were contacted to find out about their health status.
T157 14430-14596 Sentence denotes Four people reported being unwell with fever, respiratory symptoms, or both and were tested for SARS-CoV-2; two individuals (B4 and B5) tested positive for the virus.
T158 14597-14742 Sentence denotes The third local case (B6) was identified via activity mapping to have attended the conference and had subsequent interactions with company staff.
T159 14743-14791 Sentence denotes 153 close contacts were placed under quarantine.
T160 14792-14915 Sentence denotes Hotel staff were told to monitor their health status, and none reported being unwell during the conference or subsequently.
T161 14916-15029 Sentence denotes 13 secondary cases of COVID-19 were reported among family members of B1 in Malaysia and contacts of B7 in France.
T162 15031-15040 Sentence denotes Cluster C
T163 15041-15239 Sentence denotes The Ministry of Health in Singapore identified two people from Singapore (C3 and C4), with no recent travel history to China, who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 from enhanced pneumonia surveillance.
T164 15240-15330 Sentence denotes Activity mapping showed that both individuals had visited the same church on Jan 19, 2020.
T165 15331-15377 Sentence denotes C5 was identified through active case-finding.
T166 15378-15488 Sentence denotes Two other people with COVID-19 were subsequently linked to this cluster (C1 and C2, who are husband and wife).
T167 15489-15582 Sentence denotes These individuals were Chinese nationals from Wuhan who arrived in Singapore on Jan 19, 2020.
T168 15583-15667 Sentence denotes Re-interviews with C1 and C2 found they had also visited the church on the same day.
T169 15668-15750 Sentence denotes All five people were asymptomatic during the church visit (figure 1 lower panels).
T170 15751-16005 Sentence denotes The church is an independent church that occasionally receives a few visitors from China at the Mandarin service conducted every Sunday.11 Although C1 and C2 were not church members, they attended the 2-h morning service when they travelled to Singapore.
T171 16006-16092 Sentence denotes They left immediately after the service and did not report having lunch at the church.
T172 16093-16275 Sentence denotes Based on closed-circuit camera findings, C5 occupied the same seat as did cases C1 and C2 at the prayer meeting after the morning service, but they did not recall meeting each other.
T173 16276-16390 Sentence denotes Among the 227 regular church members, 191 members were contacted, of whom 142 attended the church on Jan 19, 2020.
T174 16391-16511 Sentence denotes Of these people, only two had travel history to Guangdong, China, 14 days before Jan 19, 2020; both reported being well.
T175 16512-16604 Sentence denotes Six were unwell and referred for further management and none tested positive for SARS-CoV-2.
T176 16605-16652 Sentence denotes 93 close contacts were placed under quarantine.
T177 16653-16744 Sentence denotes No additional cases linked to any of the three clusters were identified as of Feb 14, 2020.
T178 16746-16783 Sentence denotes Analysis of disease transmission data
T179 16784-17027 Sentence denotes Although we were unable to identify the primary case or cases in each cluster with certainty, in cluster A, the cases in the two shops and the tour guide had inter-related interactions with the Guangxi tour group in which two cases were found.
T180 17028-17152 Sentence denotes Exposures of the shop assistants were assumed to occur on Jan 23, 2020, and the tour guide on Jan 22, 2020, or Jan 23, 2020.
T181 17153-17293 Sentence denotes In cluster C, the only overlap in activities was on Jan 19, 2020, when all five cases visited the church and exposures most likely occurred.
T182 17294-17408 Sentence denotes For cluster B, we used information on reported activities to infer most likely infection times within the meeting.
T183 17409-17543 Sentence denotes Excluding the household cluster, we had information on both estimated infection time and reported date of symptom onset for 19 people.
T184 17544-17592 Sentence denotes The incubation periods are plotted in figure 2 .
T185 17593-17643 Sentence denotes The median incubation period was 4 days (IQR 3–6).
T186 17644-17882 Sentence denotes Without accounting for potential tertiary transmission within the household (infected by a case who was not the primary case), the serial interval for the three transmission pairs in the household cluster ranged between 3 days and 8 days.
T187 17883-17955 Sentence denotes Figure 2 Incubation periods for cases with known probable exposure times
T188 17956-18004 Sentence denotes Median (IQR) time to onset was 4 days (IQR 3–6).
T189 18005-18220 Sentence denotes Assuming one unknown primary case seeded the outbreaks in each cluster, we noted that 31% of transmission pairs were associated with one individual (B7), and 32 observed cases had no onward transmission (figure 3 ).
T190 18221-18286 Sentence denotes Figure 3 Probable secondary cases arising from each COVID-19 case
T191 18287-18321 Sentence denotes COVID-19=coronavirus disease 2019.
T192 18323-18340 Sentence denotes Clinical findings
T193 18341-18491 Sentence denotes Of 17 locally confirmed cases, fever and cough were the two most common symptoms, reported in 15 (88%) and 14 (82%) individuals, respectively (table).
T194 18492-18602 Sentence denotes One case, a 6-month old male infant, was asymptomatic until one spike of fever 2 days into hospital admission.
T195 18603-18768 Sentence denotes Pulmonary opacities were reported on chest radiography at admission in eight (53%) individuals, and developed over the course of admission in four additional people.
T196 18769-18924 Sentence denotes Lymphopenia (<1·1 × 109 cells per L) was seen in six people and thrombocytopenia (<150 × 109 cells per L) in four individuals over the course of admission.
T197 18925-18999 Sentence denotes Median time from symptom onset to hospital admission was 4 days (IQR 3–9).
T198 19000-19112 Sentence denotes The clinical course was uncomplicated for most individuals, with resolution of symptoms over the first few days.
T199 19113-19254 Sentence denotes Hospital admission was prolonged because of persistently positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR from nasopharyngeal swab testing (median 6 days, range 3–9).
T200 19255-19407 Sentence denotes One individual needed supplemental oxygen via nasal prongs and another two developed acute respiratory distress requiring intubation and intensive care.
T201 19408-19485 Sentence denotes Four individuals received experimental treatment of lopinavir with ritonavir.
T202 19486-19554 Sentence denotes No deaths were recorded in these three clusters as of March 7, 2020.
T203 19556-19566 Sentence denotes Discussion
T204 19567-19644 Sentence denotes We report three clusters showing local transmission of COVID-19 in Singapore.
T205 19645-19818 Sentence denotes The three clusters involved a Chinese tour group, company conference, and a church and show the transmissibility of COVID-19 in community settings beyond household clusters.
T206 19819-20055 Sentence denotes A household cluster was previously reported in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.12 These findings have implications for public-health measures and outbreak investigations that other countries might consider to detect and contain transmission.
T207 20056-20188 Sentence denotes The first indication of human-to-human transmission in Singapore was detected 11 days after confirmation of the first imported case.
T208 20189-20302 Sentence denotes China imposed a lockdown of Wuhan on Jan 23, 2020, and suspended all outgoing tour groups beginning Jan 27, 2020.
T209 20303-20482 Sentence denotes Despite these measures, local clusters were subsequently identified in Singapore, with probable links to travellers from China before the measures to curb travel were implemented.
T210 20483-20642 Sentence denotes Although the primary case or cases in all three clusters cannot be conclusively identified, they are postulated to be tourists or business visitors from China.
T211 20643-20954 Sentence denotes The tour group implicated in cluster A originated from Guangxi at a time when relatively few cases had been reported in that region of China.13 Temperature screening for inbound travellers on flights from Wuhan was implemented in Singapore on Jan 3, 2020, and expanded to all flights from China on Jan 22, 2020.
T212 20955-21120 Sentence denotes Nonetheless, it is unlikely that these primary cases could be identified by temperature screening, because there was no indication that they were febrile on arrival.
T213 21121-21383 Sentence denotes Therefore, it is important that countries, particularly those with a high travel volume from China, enhance their surveillance system to identify local cases, not merely among people with a travel history to China because cases could be present in the community.
T214 21384-21648 Sentence denotes The local cases in cluster C were identified through enhanced pneumonia surveillance of people who had no history of travel to China, whereas the initial cases in cluster A were identified because of heightened suspicion by health-care workers, leading to testing.
T215 21649-21971 Sentence denotes Among the first 84 confirmed cases in Singapore, ten were detected by enhanced pneumonia surveillance and testing of patients in intensive care units, and another eight affected individuals were detected based on doctors' discretion to test patients whom they viewed with suspicion for clinical or epidemiological reasons.
T216 21972-22185 Sentence denotes Such surveillance systems are, therefore, important to identify cases in the community who would be missed if the focus were only on travellers, and they have enabled prompt investigation and containment measures.
T217 22186-22448 Sentence denotes Furthermore, with swift response in contact tracing and quarantine of close contacts, two close contacts developed symptoms and were confirmed to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 during their period of quarantine, ensuring no further onward transmission of the virus.
T218 22449-22770 Sentence denotes Only two of 425 close contacts identified by contact tracing developed COVID-19 (ie, most cases identified in the clusters did not transmit the SARS-CoV-2 virus to their close contacts), raising the hypothesis that a few spreading events can result in clusters of transmission, whereas for most cases, transmission ended.
T219 22771-22832 Sentence denotes The ease of international travel makes containment difficult.
T220 22833-23086 Sentence denotes Cluster B was identified because of sharing of case data in Malaysia through the IHR focal point, and Singapore shared information on attendees at the company conference to respective IHR focal points where participants at the conference had originated.
T221 23087-23285 Sentence denotes This work led to early identification of cases globally and highlights the importance of international cooperation and sharing of information under IHR to aid in active case-finding and containment.
T222 23286-23393 Sentence denotes The cases of COVID-19 in these three clusters are probably attributable to close or prolonged interactions.
T223 23394-23508 Sentence denotes Direct physical contact was reported between shop assistants and tourists at the health products shop (cluster A).
T224 23509-23786 Sentence denotes Handshaking and physical contact during team-building activities and sharing of meals were reported among participants of the business meeting (cluster B).14 Therefore, direct transmission could be possible by contact or indirect transmission (eg, via fomites and shared food).
T225 23787-24038 Sentence denotes We have shown environmental contamination of common-touch surfaces in the isolation room of a confirmed case.15 This finding highlights the importance of emphasising personal and hand hygiene as a key public-health message that countries should adopt.
T226 24039-24118 Sentence denotes Recall bias could affect the accuracy of symptom-onset dates reported by cases.
T227 24119-24300 Sentence denotes In cluster A, the date of onset of symptoms for AC2 was uncertain because the individual only sought primary-care treatment on Jan 30, 2020, 7 days after reported onset of symptoms.
T228 24301-24331 Sentence denotes Other exposures are plausible.
T229 24332-24597 Sentence denotes AC2 reported having symptoms on the day of the tour group's arrival, and we could postulate that AC2 acquired infection from other tourists before Jan 23, 2020, and seeded infections among colleagues, the tour guide, and the two people from Guangxi on Jan 23, 2020.
T230 24598-24725 Sentence denotes However, case AJ1 had no interactions with AC2, unless AC2 acquired infection serendipitously at a similar time, independently.
T231 24726-24952 Sentence denotes Similarly, in cluster C, C1 did not report symptoms until 5 days and C2 until 3 days, after attending church, and this difference could be attributable to recall bias of symptom-onset dates, particularly if symptoms were mild.
T232 24953-25109 Sentence denotes Other study limitations include the small sample size used to ascertain the incubation period, because primary cases could not be identified with certainty.
T233 25110-25259 Sentence denotes Moreover, symptom-onset dates and the movement of and exposure history of cases detected overseas were either based on media reports or were unknown.
T234 25260-25601 Sentence denotes Based on symptom-onset dates of 17 local cases, the median incubation period (4 days) corroborates other published findings.16, 17 Although there is interest on asymptomatic transmission, we are unable to address this point in our study, and further studies should be done to better understand disease transmissibility of asymptomatic cases.
T235 25602-25959 Sentence denotes In conclusion, as importation and local transmission could have occurred in other countries before the lockdown of Wuhan and institution of travel restrictions by China, local clusters outside China can be expected and efforts should be focused on surveillance for locally acquired cases and containment efforts to prevent widespread community transmission.
T236 25960-26081 Sentence denotes It is important for countries to do active case-finding among close contacts of cases to prevent clusters from spreading.

LitCovid-PD-GlycoEpitope

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue glyco_epitope_db_id
T1 9748-9751 GlycoEpitope denotes AC1 http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/AN0202
T2 11503-11506 GlycoEpitope denotes AC1 http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/AN0202
T3 11693-11696 GlycoEpitope denotes AC1 http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/AN0202
T4 11936-11939 GlycoEpitope denotes AC1 http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/AN0202
T5 12453-12456 GlycoEpitope denotes AC1 http://www.glycoepitope.jp/epitopes/AN0202

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T1 49-58 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T2 2624-2633 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T3 4101-4110 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T4 9102-9107 Phenotype denotes Fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945
T5 9117-9122 Phenotype denotes Cough http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735
T6 9132-9143 Phenotype denotes Sore throat http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033050
T7 9152-9171 Phenotype denotes Shortness of breath http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002098
T8 9180-9187 Phenotype denotes Myalgia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0003326
T9 9196-9205 Phenotype denotes Diarrhoea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002014
T10 9214-9224 Phenotype denotes Chest pain http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100749
T11 9233-9243 Phenotype denotes Runny nose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031417
T12 9251-9269 Phenotype denotes Nausea or vomiting http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002017
T13 9509-9526 Phenotype denotes Allergic rhinitis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0003193
T14 9534-9546 Phenotype denotes hypertension http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000822
T15 9558-9578 Phenotype denotes cervical spondylosis http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0008480
T16 10830-10838 Phenotype denotes coughing http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735
T17 14469-14474 Phenotype denotes fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945
T18 15216-15225 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T19 18372-18377 Phenotype denotes fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945
T20 18382-18387 Phenotype denotes cough http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012735
T21 18565-18570 Phenotype denotes fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001945
T22 18603-18622 Phenotype denotes Pulmonary opacities http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0031457
T23 18769-18780 Phenotype denotes Lymphopenia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001888
T24 18833-18849 Phenotype denotes thrombocytopenia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001873
T25 19346-19366 Phenotype denotes respiratory distress http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002098
T26 21446-21455 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T27 21728-21737 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090

2_test

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
32192580-31986261-66270739 19893-19895 31986261 denotes 12