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LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T1 998-1002 Body_part denotes face http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma24728
T2 3406-3410 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma9712

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T1 998-1002 Body_part denotes face http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456
T2 3406-3410 Body_part denotes hand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002398

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T1 19-26 Disease denotes anxiety http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005618|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0011918
T3 118-126 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T4 203-211 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T5 682-690 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T6 927-936 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T7 1024-1032 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T8 1725-1733 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T9 1747-1756 Disease denotes Infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T10 2218-2235 Disease denotes zoonotic diseases http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0025481
T11 2277-2284 Disease denotes anxiety http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005618|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0011918
T13 2648-2665 Disease denotes zoonotic diseases http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0025481
T14 2826-2843 Disease denotes Rift Valley fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0017880
T15 2831-2843 Disease denotes Valley fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005706
T16 2854-2864 Disease denotes infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T17 2865-2881 Disease denotes zoonotic disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0025481
T18 3148-3156 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T19 3366-3374 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T20 3647-3657 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T21 4267-4275 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T22 4317-4324 Disease denotes anxiety http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005618|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0011918
T24 4536-4548 Disease denotes malnutrition http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0006873
T25 5121-5128 Disease denotes anxiety http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005618|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0011918
T27 5242-5250 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T28 5496-5504 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T29 5676-5684 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T30 6086-6094 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T31 6515-6523 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T32 6561-6569 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T33 6724-6734 Disease denotes infections http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T34 6939-6951 Disease denotes common colds http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005709
T35 6955-6958 Disease denotes flu http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005812
T36 6986-6995 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T37 7017-7025 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T38 8379-8395 Disease denotes zoonotic disease http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0025481

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 158-161 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9596 denotes Pan
T2 221-224 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T3 305-306 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T4 802-807 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes virus
T5 998-1002 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456 denotes face
T6 1146-1147 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T7 1911-1912 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T8 2430-2442 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245 denotes Organization
T9 2444-2447 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0002996 denotes FAO
T10 2450-2462 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245 denotes Organization
T11 2467-2473 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes Animal
T12 2501-2513 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245 denotes Organization
T13 2545-2546 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T14 2845-2846 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T15 2902-2909 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T16 2914-2920 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes humans
T17 3012-3013 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T18 3054-3055 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T19 3126-3131 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T20 3165-3168 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T21 3202-3208 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animal
T22 3212-3217 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T23 3314-3326 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000245 denotes Organization
T24 3538-3548 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001658 denotes activities
T25 3777-3780 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T26 3900-3901 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T27 4163-4168 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0001410 denotes armed
T28 4176-4179 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T29 4211-4216 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T30 4498-4504 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456 denotes facing
T31 4597-4598 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T32 4657-4659 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T33 4670-4673 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T34 4682-4687 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007688 denotes field
T35 4849-4852 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T36 4920-4925 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009985 denotes focus
T37 4926-4929 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T38 5143-5144 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T39 5346-5349 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T40 5654-5658 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T41 5660-5664 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T42 5666-5670 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes test
T43 5739-5746 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes testing
T44 5837-5838 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T45 6113-6119 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes Animal
T46 6182-6183 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T47 6385-6386 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T48 6692-6693 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T49 7052-7057 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000473 denotes tests
T50 7572-7577 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 denotes human
T51 7623-7628 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_10239 denotes Virus
T52 7777-7778 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T53 7927-7928 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T54 7997-7998 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T55 8248-8255 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_33208 denotes animals
T56 8420-8421 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T1 3437-3444 Chemical denotes alcohol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236|http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30879

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 343-352 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0006810 denotes transport
T2 701-707 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0040007 denotes growth

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-51 Sentence denotes Pandemic panic and anxiety in developing countries.
T2 52-137 Sentence denotes Embracing One Health offers practical strategies in management of COVID-19 for Africa
T3 140-185 Sentence denotes To the editors of Pan African Medical Journal
T4 186-441 Sentence denotes The coronavirus, COVID-19 outbreak has now affected over 60% of African countries in less than two months [1], gaining a foothold through major economic and transport hubs on the African continent including Egypt, Algeria, Nigeria, South Africa and Kenya.
T5 442-584 Sentence denotes Travel restrictions imposed against citizens from countries with major outbreaks including China, USA and those in Europe were too late [2,3].
T6 585-734 Sentence denotes African Union member states as of early April 2020 are reporting 6,470 cases and 241 deaths from COVID-19 reporting growth as “close to exponential”.
T7 735-966 Sentence denotes Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention acknowledges the virus is an existential threat to African countries and that with local transmission now underway many would pass the 10,000-infection mark by the end of April [4].
T8 967-1125 Sentence denotes While the impact of wearing of face masks for control of COVID-19 remains controversial, it is inarguable that respiratory transmission needs to be prevented.
T9 1126-1449 Sentence denotes Currently, there is a global shortage of masks and personal protective equipment (PPE) and distribution is being rationed in developed countries to retain this for workers in the health system [5], showing that developing countries in Africa are bound to suffer more should the pandemic be mismanaged at these early stages.
T10 1450-1640 Sentence denotes In addition, health systems in developing countries, already crippled from years of underinvestment will be compromised unless practical and realistic prevention strategies are put in place.
T11 1641-1746 Sentence denotes China, Italy, France, UK and USA, all with sophisticated health systems, have found COVID-19 challenging.
T12 1747-1882 Sentence denotes Infection is increasing across the African subcontinent and health systems will struggle as the pandemic sweeps into and across Africa.
T13 1883-1969 Sentence denotes For management of pandemics a One Health approach can be efficient and cost-effective.
T14 1970-2240 Sentence denotes This is because One Health approaches comprise cross-disciplinary collaborations and interdisciplinary interventions involving veterinary, medical, ecological and public health authorities and its importance is undisputed in the control of complex zoonotic diseases [6].
T15 2241-2320 Sentence denotes One Health was fueled by the global anxiety during the HPAI H5N1 pandemic fear.
T16 2321-2807 Sentence denotes The introduction of the One Health initiative provided international agencies i.e. the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), Organization for Animal Health (OIE), World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Bank, with a vehicle for interinstitutional and interdisciplinary collaboration to address the threat of emerging zoonotic diseases, and it enabled these international agencies and national authorities to come to the table as equal partners in the search for solutions [7].
T17 2808-3112 Sentence denotes For management of Rift Valley fever (a highly infectious zoonotic disease in Africa involving animals and humans) poor strategies for disease control resulted in 23 avoidable deaths amongst Africans from a lack of co-ordination [8] demonstrating a live situation in which One Health adoption was delayed.
T18 3113-3235 Sentence denotes Furthermore, human transmission of COVID-19 to pets has been reported and no evidence of animal to human transmission [9].
T19 3236-3375 Sentence denotes Globally, national governments have largely followed the general World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on prevention against COVID-19.
T20 3376-3549 Sentence denotes Preventative measures include hand washing with soap, use of alcohol based sanitizers, banning of social events, and national lockdowns of non-essential business activities.
T21 3550-3771 Sentence denotes While these preventive models have worked, or appear to be working to slow and lower the peak of infections (and deaths) that are expected, in Africa, resistance to these measures is building up in grassroots communities.
T22 3772-4002 Sentence denotes This has been in part due to the socio-economic challenges in slum communities, common in many low and middle-income countries; a chronic lack of any savings (money) to buy food and the threat of hunger while staying at home [10].
T23 4003-4128 Sentence denotes Governments are required to adopt and deploy robust but flexible strategies to secure the economy and protect their citizens.
T24 4129-4266 Sentence denotes Excessive force by the police and armed forces has already led to alleged serious human rights violations in South Africa and Kenya [10].
T25 4267-4460 Sentence denotes COVID-19 control strategies have led to panic and anxiety in countries where the majority of citizens live below the poverty line, and lack the ability to fully comply with WHO recommendations.
T26 4461-4661 Sentence denotes Many countries in Africa are already facing challenges arising from severe malnutrition, crippled healthcare systems and the absence of a robust national disease task force and health leadership [11].
T27 4662-4903 Sentence denotes The WHO has trained field epidemiologists from Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Zambia, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe and Mozambique on pandemic One Health management [12] but there has been little time to mobilize training into action.
T28 4904-5051 Sentence denotes In Africa, much focus has been put on the Ministry of Health, and in some countries, massive recruitment of additional health staff is in progress.
T29 5052-5184 Sentence denotes While noble, these rapid recruitments communicate panic and increase anxiety and stress in a population fighting an invisible enemy.
T30 5185-5251 Sentence denotes There is as yet no local name in any African dialect for COVID-19.
T31 5252-5624 Sentence denotes In several developing countries in Africa, the Ministry of Local Government or Public Service has administrative units at every district or county or provincial level, however, these have not been fully integrated effectively into the National COVID-19 Control Task Force, with current approaches being controlled by the Ministry of Health and the Office of the President.
T32 5625-5819 Sentence denotes Implementing the WHO advice “test, test, test” for COVID-19, to manage transmission will require surveillance and testing of large numbers of the population, many of whom will be hard to access.
T33 5820-6095 Sentence denotes Establishment of a coordinated disease control task force comprising of essential staff drawn from many different sectors i.e. medical officers, veterinarians, community psychologists, local leaders will improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the management of COVID-19.
T34 6096-6181 Sentence denotes Working with the Animal Health Ministries can facilitate access to rural communities.
T35 6182-6442 Sentence denotes A range of support professionals under the Ministry of Public service or Ministry of Local Government, are available and able to work in partnership with public health professionals and medical staff at a time when their medical counterparts are overstretched.
T36 6443-6547 Sentence denotes Funding, to mobilize all public servants to contribute to management of COVID-19 is needed at this time.
T37 6548-6627 Sentence denotes Detection of COVID-19 patients relies on symptomology which is highly variable.
T38 6628-6785 Sentence denotes The presence of pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals is a major challenge for detecting infections and isolating individuals to prevent transmission.
T39 6786-6959 Sentence denotes Many of the symptoms of COVD-19 are those associated with endemic tropical diseases that have persistently blighted the African subcontinent for example common colds or flu.
T40 6960-7095 Sentence denotes Confirmatory diagnosis of infection with, or exposure to COVID-19, demands rapid diagnostic tests and laboratory diagnostic facilities.
T41 7096-7221 Sentence denotes These will need to be sourced from the public and private sector, including universities and veterinary diagnostic providers.
T42 7222-7445 Sentence denotes To reduce the risk of crippling the healthcare systems in Africa, it is essential and urgent that governments establish partnerships with private hospitals and universities (with the diagnostic capability) to manage demand.
T43 7446-7704 Sentence denotes Only samples that provide inconclusive results would be sent to the national reference laboratory, reducing the burden on the human resource at the main center (e.g. the Uganda Virus Research Institute for Uganda or the Nigerian Centers for Disease Control).
T44 7705-7926 Sentence denotes This would promote inter-institutional-national collaborations and pave a way for the establishment of an inter-ministerial national disease database in African countries to help control future pandemics on the continent.
T45 7927-8096 Sentence denotes A reduction in the time spent transporting samples would also lead to a reduced exposure risk during sample transportation to the central national diagnostic laboratory.
T46 8097-8175 Sentence denotes It is timely for Africa to ramp up its ambitions and commitments to One Heath.
T47 8176-8343 Sentence denotes Now, more than ever, we can all appreciate that healthy people, healthy animals and healthy ecosystems are essential for heath today and to that of future generations.
T48 8344-8453 Sentence denotes Investments to foresee and prevent zoonotic disease transmission are key to a sustainable and healthy future.
T49 8455-8474 Sentence denotes Competing interests
T50 8475-8518 Sentence denotes All authors declare no competing interests.

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T1 19-26 Phenotype denotes anxiety http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000739
T2 2277-2284 Phenotype denotes anxiety http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000739
T3 2831-2843 Phenotype denotes Valley fever http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0032249
T4 4317-4324 Phenotype denotes anxiety http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000739
T5 4536-4548 Phenotype denotes malnutrition http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0004395
T6 5121-5128 Phenotype denotes anxiety http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000739

LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
2 19-26 Disease denotes anxiety MESH:D001007
3 118-126 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
12 190-201 Species denotes coronavirus Tax:11118
13 203-211 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
14 670-676 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
15 682-690 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
16 922-936 Disease denotes ,000-infection MESH:D007239
17 1024-1032 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
18 1725-1733 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
19 1747-1756 Disease denotes Infection MESH:D007239
31 2301-2305 Species denotes H5N1 Tax:102793
32 2914-2920 Species denotes humans Tax:9606
33 3126-3131 Species denotes human Tax:9606
34 3212-3217 Species denotes human Tax:9606
35 2218-2235 Disease denotes zoonotic diseases MESH:D015047
36 2277-2284 Disease denotes anxiety MESH:D001007
37 2648-2665 Disease denotes zoonotic diseases MESH:D015047
38 2831-2843 Disease denotes Valley fever MESH:D003047
39 2865-2881 Disease denotes zoonotic disease MESH:D015047
40 2983-2989 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
41 3148-3156 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
50 4211-4216 Species denotes human Tax:9606
51 3437-3444 Chemical denotes alcohol MESH:D000438
52 3366-3374 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
53 3647-3657 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
54 3663-3669 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
55 4267-4275 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
56 4317-4324 Disease denotes anxiety MESH:D001007
57 4536-4548 Disease denotes malnutrition MESH:D044342
65 5121-5128 Disease denotes anxiety MESH:D001007
66 5133-5139 Disease denotes stress MESH:D000079225
67 5242-5250 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
68 5496-5504 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
69 5676-5684 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
70 6086-6094 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
71 6515-6523 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
81 6570-6578 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
82 7572-7577 Species denotes human Tax:9606
83 8232-8238 Species denotes people Tax:9606
84 6561-6569 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
85 6724-6734 Disease denotes infections MESH:D007239
86 6810-6817 Disease denotes COVD-19 MESH:C000657245
87 6986-6995 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
88 7017-7025 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
89 8379-8387 Disease denotes zoonotic MESH:D015047