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LitCovid-PubTator

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue tao:has_database_id
1 68-92 Disease denotes Coronavirus Disease 2019 MESH:C000657245
9 517-523 Species denotes people Tax:9606
10 541-547 Species denotes people Tax:9606
11 626-632 Species denotes people Tax:9606
12 127-151 Disease denotes coronavirus disease 2019 MESH:C000657245
13 153-161 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
14 486-494 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
15 650-658 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
22 1396-1443 Species denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Tax:2697049
23 1445-1455 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
24 1066-1090 Disease denotes coronavirus disease 2019 MESH:C000657245
25 1092-1100 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
26 1382-1390 Disease denotes infected MESH:D007239
27 1613-1621 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
31 1712-1720 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
32 1936-1944 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
33 1945-1954 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
36 2300-2307 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
37 2092-2100 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
41 2930-2938 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
42 3132-3140 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
43 3215-3223 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
46 3375-3381 Species denotes people Tax:9606
47 3991-3997 Species denotes people Tax:9606
49 4333-4341 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
54 6464-6471 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
58 4460-4468 Species denotes Patients Tax:9606
59 4497-4505 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
61 4507-4515 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
67 4581-4587 Species denotes people Tax:9606
68 4605-4611 Species denotes people Tax:9606
69 4811-4821 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
70 4550-4558 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
71 4757-4766 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
79 5065-5071 Species denotes people Tax:9606
80 5719-5727 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
81 5778-5785 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
82 6021-6029 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
83 5077-5085 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
84 6061-6074 Disease denotes heart failure MESH:D006333
85 6109-6117 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
87 6157-6165 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
97 6179-6187 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
99 6811-6819 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
100 6901-6909 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
101 6991-6999 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
102 7137-7144 Species denotes patient Tax:9606
103 7288-7296 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
104 6251-6271 Disease denotes SARS-CoV-2 infection MESH:C000657245
105 7232-7250 Disease denotes COVID-19 pneumonia MESH:C000657245
114 7458-7466 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
115 7523-7531 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
116 7967-7974 Species denotes Marañón Tax:171929
117 8105-8113 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
118 8284-8292 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
119 7472-7480 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
120 7576-7580 Disease denotes died MESH:D003643
121 8090-8104 Disease denotes critically ill MESH:D016638
133 8593-8610 Species denotes novel coronavirus Tax:2697049
134 8842-8852 Chemical denotes remdesivir MESH:C000606551
135 8854-8863 Chemical denotes lopinavir MESH:D061466
136 8865-8874 Chemical denotes ritonavir MESH:D019438
137 8888-8899 Chemical denotes chloroquine MESH:D002738
138 8901-8919 Chemical denotes hydroxychloroquine MESH:D006886
139 8921-8933 Chemical denotes azithromycin MESH:D017963
140 8935-8946 Chemical denotes tocilizumab MESH:C502936
141 8948-8956 Chemical denotes steroids MESH:D013256
142 8961-8973 Chemical denotes cyclosporine MESH:D016572
143 8788-8796 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
148 9309-9319 Species denotes SARS-CoV-2 Tax:2697049
149 10389-10395 Species denotes people Tax:9606
150 9663-9673 Disease denotes dependence MESH:D019966
151 10218-10228 Disease denotes depression MESH:D000275
156 10645-10653 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
157 10520-10528 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
158 10682-10691 Disease denotes infection MESH:D007239
159 10697-10701 Disease denotes died MESH:D003643
163 10867-10873 Disease denotes trauma MESH:D014947
164 10885-10890 Disease denotes death MESH:D003643
165 11084-11090 Disease denotes deaths MESH:D003643
168 11291-11299 Species denotes Patients Tax:9606
169 11360-11364 Disease denotes Died MESH:D003643
172 11733-11739 Species denotes people Tax:9606
173 11879-11885 Species denotes people Tax:9606
177 12043-12051 Species denotes patients Tax:9606
178 12023-12031 Disease denotes COVID-19 MESH:C000657245
179 12171-12184 Disease denotes heart failure MESH:D006333

LitCovid-PD-FMA-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue fma_id
T1 2321-2326 Body_part denotes organ http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67498
T2 2618-2623 Body_part denotes heart http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7088
T3 3247-3252 Body_part denotes organ http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67498
T4 6061-6066 Body_part denotes heart http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7088
T5 9753-9759 Body_part denotes mental http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma264279
T6 10988-10992 Body_part denotes body http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma256135
T7 12171-12176 Body_part denotes heart http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma7088

LitCovid-PD-UBERON

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue uberon_id
T1 2122-2128 Body_part denotes organs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000062
T2 2321-2326 Body_part denotes organ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000062
T3 2618-2623 Body_part denotes heart http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948
T4 3247-3252 Body_part denotes organ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000062
T5 5482-5488 Body_part denotes scales http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002542
T6 6061-6066 Body_part denotes heart http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948
T7 12171-12176 Body_part denotes heart http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948

LitCovid-PD-MONDO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue mondo_id
T1 68-92 Disease denotes Coronavirus Disease 2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T2 127-151 Disease denotes coronavirus disease 2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T3 153-161 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T4 486-494 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T5 650-658 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T6 1066-1090 Disease denotes coronavirus disease 2019 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T7 1092-1100 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T8 1396-1443 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T9 1396-1429 Disease denotes severe acute respiratory syndrome http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T10 1445-1453 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T11 1613-1621 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T12 1712-1720 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T13 1936-1944 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T14 1945-1954 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T15 2092-2100 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T16 4333-4341 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T17 4497-4505 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T18 4507-4515 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T19 4550-4558 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T20 4757-4766 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T21 4811-4819 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T22 5077-5085 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T23 6061-6074 Disease denotes heart failure http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005252
T24 6109-6117 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T25 6157-6165 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T26 6251-6259 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T27 6262-6271 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T28 7232-7240 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T29 7241-7250 Disease denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005249
T30 7472-7480 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T31 8788-8796 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T32 9309-9317 Disease denotes SARS-CoV http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005091
T33 10218-10228 Disease denotes depression http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0002050
T34 10520-10528 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T35 10682-10691 Disease denotes infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T36 10867-10873 Disease denotes trauma http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0021178
T37 10934-10944 Disease denotes infectious http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005550
T38 12023-12031 Disease denotes COVID-19 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0100096
T39 12171-12184 Disease denotes heart failure http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005252

LitCovid-PD-CLO

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 412-415 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T2 1246-1251 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001456 denotes faced
T3 1367-1368 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T4 1558-1565 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009985 denotes focuses
T5 1659-1662 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T6 1829-1830 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T7 1893-1894 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T8 2122-2128 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003103 denotes organs
T9 2246-2247 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T10 2321-2326 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003103 denotes organ
T11 2504-2507 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T12 2616-2617 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T13 2618-2623 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948 denotes heart
T14 2618-2623 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007100 denotes heart
T15 2618-2623 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0015228 denotes heart
T16 2618-2623 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000815 denotes heart
T17 3016-3025 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000030 denotes objective
T18 3154-3155 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T19 3247-3252 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0003103 denotes organ
T20 3461-3464 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T21 3512-3513 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T22 4157-4159 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001527 denotes 94
T23 4245-4247 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001527 denotes 94
T24 4901-4904 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PR_000001343 denotes aim
T25 5283-5284 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T26 5693-5694 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T27 5804-5805 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T28 6061-6066 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948 denotes heart
T29 6061-6066 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007100 denotes heart
T30 6061-6066 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0015228 denotes heart
T31 6061-6066 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000815 denotes heart
T32 6242-6243 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T33 6307-6308 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T34 6475-6476 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T35 6915-6916 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T36 7013-7014 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes A
T37 7121-7122 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T38 7156-7157 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T39 7324-7326 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0053733 denotes 11
T40 7826-7832 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001005 denotes airway
T41 8426-8427 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T42 8548-8553 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 denotes label
T43 8714-8719 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0007225 denotes label
T44 8797-8800 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T45 9209-9210 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T46 9340-9341 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T47 9482-9485 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T48 9648-9649 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T49 10106-10115 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000876 denotes extremely
T50 10200-10201 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T51 10266-10267 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T52 10538-10541 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T53 10986-10987 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T54 11126-11127 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T55 11491-11494 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0051582 denotes has
T56 11714-11715 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T57 11799-11803 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0009609 denotes wish
T58 11831-11832 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CLO_0001020 denotes a
T59 12171-12176 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0000948 denotes heart
T60 12171-12176 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0007100 denotes heart
T61 12171-12176 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0015228 denotes heart
T62 12171-12176 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0000815 denotes heart

LitCovid-PD-CHEBI

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue chebi_id
T1 4151-4153 Chemical denotes II http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74067
T2 4199-4201 Chemical denotes II http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74067
T3 4236-4238 Chemical denotes II http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_74067
T4 8548-8553 Chemical denotes label http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35209
T5 8714-8719 Chemical denotes label http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35209
T6 8842-8852 Chemical denotes remdesivir http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_145994
T7 8854-8863 Chemical denotes lopinavir http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_31781
T8 8865-8874 Chemical denotes ritonavir http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45409
T9 8876-8886 Chemical denotes interferon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52999
T10 8888-8899 Chemical denotes chloroquine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3638
T11 8901-8919 Chemical denotes hydroxychloroquine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_5801
T12 8921-8933 Chemical denotes azithromycin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2955
T13 8935-8946 Chemical denotes tocilizumab http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_64360
T14 8948-8956 Chemical denotes steroids http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35341
T15 9058-9063 Chemical denotes drugs http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888

LitCovid-PD-GO-BP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 1883-1889 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007568 denotes ageing
T2 9843-9853 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0007610 denotes behaviours

LitCovid-sentences

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
T1 0-93 Sentence denotes Ethical Issues in Decision-making Regarding the Elderly Affected by Coronavirus Disease 2019:
T2 94-111 Sentence denotes An Expert Opinion
T3 114-122 Sentence denotes Abstract
T4 123-236 Sentence denotes The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is resulting in ethical decisions regarding resource allocation.
T5 237-361 Sentence denotes Prioritisation reflects established practices that regulate the distribution of finite resources when demand exceeds supply.
T6 362-467 Sentence denotes However, discrimination based on sex, race or age has no role in prioritisation unless clearly justified.
T7 468-610 Sentence denotes The risk posed by COVID-19 is higher for elderly people than for younger people, so older adults should be prioritised in preventive measures.
T8 611-731 Sentence denotes In the case of people who already have COVID-19, healthcare professionals might prioritise those most likely to survive.
T9 732-904 Sentence denotes Making decisions based on chronological age alone is not justified; in addition to age, other aspects that determine theoretical life expectancy must be taken into account.
T10 905-1020 Sentence denotes Individualised correct prioritisation in the allocation of scarce resources is essential to good clinical practice.
T11 1022-1111 Sentence denotes Nearly every country is now affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
T12 1112-1230 Sentence denotes The disease is spreading rapidly and is taxing the global healthcare system, particularly intensive care units (ICUs).
T13 1231-1352 Sentence denotes Physicians are faced with ethical decisions regarding the allocation of these precious resources, especially ventilators.
T14 1353-1544 Sentence denotes Although only a few of those infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) require admission to intensive care, the burden on healthcare systems is unprecedented.
T15 1545-1651 Sentence denotes This article focuses on ethical issues in decision-making regarding COVID-19, particularly in the elderly.
T16 1652-1749 Sentence denotes Madrid has been one of the cities with the higher number of COVID-19 cases and casualties so far.
T17 1750-1843 Sentence denotes We have suffered from limited resources and lived with these ethical issues on a daily basis.
T18 1844-1998 Sentence denotes Also, Spain is experiencing population ageing at a rate that is unprecedented in Europe and COVID-19 infection is particularly severe in the elderly.[1,2]
T19 2000-2014 Sentence denotes Prioritisation
T20 2015-2110 Sentence denotes Prioritisation for the allocation of scarce resources is not confined to the COVID-19 outbreak.
T21 2111-2327 Sentence denotes Transplant organs are examples of scarce resources where prioritisation criteria for allocation are common and physicians have to make a case-by-case evaluation in order to establish which patient receives the organ.
T22 2328-2462 Sentence denotes Prioritisation reflects established practices that regulate the distribution of finite resources when demand happens to exceed supply.
T23 2463-2640 Sentence denotes Discrimination based on sex, race or age has no role in prioritisation unless clearly justified, for example sex mismatch might influence the outcome of a heart transplant.[3,4]
T24 2641-2749 Sentence denotes Prioritisation does not mean that one life is more valuable than another, as all lives are equally valuable.
T25 2750-2888 Sentence denotes When resources are insufficient to save all those in need, prioritisation means allocating the available assets in the most effective way.
T26 2889-2987 Sentence denotes This method allows priority treatment of patients more likely to benefit from the scarce resource.
T27 2988-3089 Sentence denotes Prioritisation should be as objective as possible but also flexible to changes in clinical situation.
T28 3090-3296 Sentence denotes Transparent mechanisms to determine which patients will receive a specific resource are desirable and should be explained to patients who finally receive an organ, to those who are denied and to the public.
T29 3298-3304 Sentence denotes Ageism
T30 3305-3408 Sentence denotes Ageism encompasses stereotyping, prejudice and discrimination against people on the basis of their age.
T31 3409-3511 Sentence denotes Ageism is widespread and an insidious practice that has harmful effects on the health of older adults.
T32 3512-4083 Sentence denotes A recent systematic review showed that the significant adverse relationship between ageism and health is even more consistent than the relationships found in systematic reviews of the effects of racism on health.[5] Moreover, European doctors worry about the care they will receive when they are old, with 80% of healthcare professionals anxious about how they would be treated, suggesting they realise that ageism is very common.[6] Paradoxically, increasing numbers of elderly people are remaining healthy and some of them have important international responsibilities.
T33 4084-4171 Sentence denotes For instance, Pope Francis is now 83 years old and Queen Elizabeth II is 94 (Figure 1).
T34 4172-4181 Sentence denotes Figure 1:
T35 4183-4275 Sentence denotes Queen Elizabeth II and Pope Francis Queen Elizabeth II, aged 94, and Pope Frances, aged 83.
T36 4276-4342 Sentence denotes Would they receive optimal management if they had severe COVID-19?
T37 4343-4351 Sentence denotes Sources:
T38 4352-4406 Sentence denotes Cubankite/Shutterstock.com and AM113/Shutterstock.com.
T39 4407-4415 Sentence denotes Table 1:
T40 4417-4505 Sentence denotes Therapeutic Planning Checklist for Elderly Patients Admitted to Hospital due to COVID-19
T41 4507-4531 Sentence denotes COVID-19 and the Elderly
T42 4532-4767 Sentence denotes The risk posed by COVID-19 is higher for elderly people than for younger people.[2] For this reason, medical and political authorities should offer older adults strict preventive measures to minimise the risk of exposure and infection.
T43 4768-4945 Sentence denotes In the event that an effective vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 is developed, priority should be given to vaccination of the elderly, with the aim of maximising the number of lives saved.
T44 4946-5049 Sentence denotes This is also true for other preventive measures, such as possible pre- or post-exposure prophylaxis.[7]
T45 5050-5114 Sentence denotes In the case of people with COVID-19, the situation is different.
T46 5115-5275 Sentence denotes When allocating resources in these scenarios, healthcare professionals might prioritise those most likely to survive over those with remote chances of survival.
T47 5276-5338 Sentence denotes Making a decision based on chronological age is not justified.
T48 5339-5443 Sentence denotes In addition to age, other aspects that determine theoretical life expectancy must be taken into account.
T49 5444-5559 Sentence denotes Biological age and the use of frailty scales and comprehensive geriatric assessment are essential for this purpose.
T50 5560-5935 Sentence denotes The recent statement of the Executive Board of the European Geriatric Medicine Society insists that advanced age alone should not be a criterion for excluding patients from specialised hospital units.[8] If an elderly patient is dismissed from a specialised hospital unit for any reason, access to medical attention, symptomatic treatment and palliative care must be ensured.
T51 5936-6126 Sentence denotes This last point is essential, as palliative care is frequently suboptimal in elderly patients with other conditions, such as heart failure, and this is probably the case in COVID-19.[2,9,10]
T52 6128-6175 Sentence denotes Therapeutic Adaptation after COVID-19 Admission
T53 6176-6364 Sentence denotes In patients with advanced age who are admitted to hospital due to a severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, it is very important to establish a therapeutic adaptation plan from the time of admission.
T54 6365-6627 Sentence denotes This plan should be clearly documented in the clinical history, making it clear whether or not the patient is a candidate for mechanical ventilation and, in case of their condition worsening, when to propose the withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies (Table 1).
T55 6628-6794 Sentence denotes Decisions that maximise survival to hospital discharge, the number of years of life saved and the possibility of living each of the stages of life can be prioritised.
T56 6795-6974 Sentence denotes In this regard, patients with minimal expected benefit should not be admitted to ICU and the admission of patients with a life expectancy <1–2 years should be carefully evaluated.
T57 6975-7012 Sentence denotes This applies to patients of all ages.
T58 7013-7107 Sentence denotes A utilitarian mentality should be applied, which should prevent prejudice against the elderly.
T59 7108-7327 Sentence denotes For example, a frail elderly patient might have a low chance of surviving the prolonged intubation required to recover from COVID-19 pneumonia, but this is also the case for young patients with severe comorbidities.[11]
T60 7329-7350 Sentence denotes The Madrid Experience
T61 7351-7481 Sentence denotes During the peak of the outbreak, more than two-thirds of beds in most hospitals in Madrid were occupied by patients with COVID-19.
T62 7482-7850 Sentence denotes Figure 2 depicts the official numbers of patients admitted to hospital, admitted to ICUs, who died and who recovered in Spain between mid-March and the middle of April.[12] Non-invasive ventilation was attempted frequently, even using improvised alternative strategies like the modified Easybreath diving mask to administer continuous positive airway pressure therapy.
T63 7851-8130 Sentence denotes Invasive ventilation was often necessary and, in spite of tremendous efforts by the hospitals (for example Gregorio Marañón University Hospital opened ICUs in operating rooms and in the library), there were not enough ICU beds for all the critically ill patients who needed them.
T64 8131-8302 Sentence denotes The limited availability of ventilation support was even more problematic due to the prolonged intubation – often more than 3 weeks – that many of these patients required.
T65 8303-8535 Sentence denotes The news that prioritisation criteria were being applied in Spanish hospitals sparked widespread controversy and triggered a debate about the right of every individual, particularly the elderly, to access specialised healthcare.[13]
T66 8537-8563 Sentence denotes Use of Off-label Therapies
T67 8564-8974 Sentence denotes Effective therapies for this novel coronavirus are needed urgently and several clinical trials are now underway.[14] Meanwhile, the use of use of off-label therapies based on in vitro data and early clinical experience with COVID-19 has increased dramatically; examples include remdesivir, lopinavir, ritonavir, interferon, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, tocilizumab, steroids and cyclosporine.
T68 8975-9153 Sentence denotes To date, no therapies have been shown to be effective.[15] Moreover, some of these drugs have frequent and potentially life-threatening side-effects, particularly in the elderly.
T69 9154-9236 Sentence denotes Most are known to prolong the QT interval and can have a proarrhythmic effect.[16]
T70 9238-9250 Sentence denotes Confinement:
T71 9251-9264 Sentence denotes Pros and Cons
T72 9265-9448 Sentence denotes Confinement is an effective way to decrease SARS-CoV-2 transmission and is a way to win time until effective therapies are developed and/or an effective and safe vaccine is available.
T73 9449-9541 Sentence denotes However, the stay-at-home policy has negative effects in those with advanced age (Figure 3).
T74 9542-9693 Sentence denotes The psychological risk of confinement is particularly high among vulnerable populations, such as those in a situation of dependence or that live alone.
T75 9694-9779 Sentence denotes The negative consequences are multifaceted, with physical, mental and social aspects.
T76 9780-9912 Sentence denotes Staying at home for long periods of time facilitates sedentary behaviours and might worsen previous frailty or pre-frail conditions.
T77 9913-10030 Sentence denotes At the time of writing this article, our parents/grandparents (aged 82 and 78) have not left their home for 2 months.
T78 10031-10080 Sentence denotes We are certainly concerned about their situation.
T79 10081-10229 Sentence denotes Moreover, confinement is extremely negative for the economy and the elderly might end up suffering the consequences of a severe economic depression.
T80 10230-10296 Sentence denotes Finally, the legal situation varies a lot from country to country.
T81 10297-10409 Sentence denotes New laws have created legal frameworks that frequently restrict or prohibit the movement of people and vehicles.
T82 10410-10494 Sentence denotes Some countries have severe penalties for those who do not comply with the new rules.
T83 10496-10515 Sentence denotes Family and Mourning
T84 10516-10602 Sentence denotes The COVID-19 pandemic has isolated the elderly not only at home but also in hospitals.
T85 10603-10636 Sentence denotes Visits are usually not permitted.
T86 10637-10744 Sentence denotes Several patients of advanced age with severe infection have died alone in the hospital or in nursing homes.
T87 10745-10898 Sentence denotes The suffering of the family does not end there, as containment measures also apply in the context of mourning, which adds trauma to that of death itself.
T88 10899-11025 Sentence denotes Corpses are considered potentially infectious, so are deposited as soon as possible in a body bag that will never be reopened.
T89 11026-11147 Sentence denotes During the peak of the outbreak in Madrid, we had so many deaths that an ice rink had to be used as a provisional morgue.
T90 11148-11237 Sentence denotes It was frequently impossible for families to see their deceased loved ones one last time.
T91 11238-11247 Sentence denotes Figure 2:
T92 11249-11400 Sentence denotes Official Daily Evolution of the Number of Patients Admitted to Hospital, Admitted to Intensive Care Units, who Died and who Recovered in Spain Source:
T93 11401-11429 Sentence denotes Ministerio de Sanidad et al.
T94 11430-11439 Sentence denotes 2020.[12]
T95 11440-11449 Sentence denotes Figure 3:
T96 11451-11653 Sentence denotes Confinement – the Stay-at-home Policy – has Positive and Negative Effects in Individuals of Advanced Age The rules of social distancing put in place by the health authorities applies also at funerals.
T97 11654-11842 Sentence denotes Services must be limited to close family members only (with a maximum of three people), usually with video recording and streaming for those who wish to attend the funeral from a distance.
T98 11843-11908 Sentence denotes Finally, the vast majority of older people in Spain are Catholic.
T99 11909-12010 Sentence denotes The fact that public masses have been cancelled makes the situation even more difficult for families.
T100 12012-12022 Sentence denotes Conclusion
T101 12023-12321 Sentence denotes COVID-19 in elderly patients raises some ethical issues; however, most of these issues are similar to ethical problems in other conditions, such as heart failure.[17–19] The correct prioritisation for the allocation of scarce resources should be based on various factors relating to the individual.
T102 12322-12414 Sentence denotes Chronological age should not be the only factor that influences the decision-making process.
T103 12415-12459 Sentence denotes This is essential to good clinical practice.

LitCovid-PD-HP

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue hp_id
T1 6061-6074 Phenotype denotes heart failure http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001635
T2 6244-6271 Phenotype denotes severe SARS-CoV-2 infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0033141
T3 7241-7250 Phenotype denotes pneumonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002090
T4 9172-9195 Phenotype denotes prolong the QT interval http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001657
T5 10218-10228 Phenotype denotes depression http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0000716
T6 10675-10691 Phenotype denotes severe infection http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0032169
T7 12171-12184 Phenotype denotes heart failure http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0001635

2_test

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
32514316-31630456-28782515 2636-2637 31630456 denotes 3
32514316-25399778-28782516 2638-2639 25399778 denotes 4
32514316-31940338-28782517 3725-3726 31940338 denotes 5
32514316-22228700-28782518 3943-3944 22228700 denotes 6
32514316-32202722-28782519 5047-5048 32202722 denotes 7
32514316-31761573-28782520 6121-6122 31761573 denotes 9
32514316-31386104-28782521 6123-6125 31386104 denotes 10
32514316-32187459-28782522 7324-7326 32187459 denotes 11
32514316-32311763-28782523 8677-8679 32311763 denotes 14
32514316-32282022-28782524 9030-9032 32282022 denotes 15
32514316-32270559-28782525 9233-9235 32270559 denotes 16
32514316-32277018-28782526 12186-12188 32277018 denotes 17

MyTest

Id Subject Object Predicate Lexical cue
32514316-31630456-28782515 2636-2637 31630456 denotes 3
32514316-25399778-28782516 2638-2639 25399778 denotes 4
32514316-31940338-28782517 3725-3726 31940338 denotes 5
32514316-22228700-28782518 3943-3944 22228700 denotes 6
32514316-32202722-28782519 5047-5048 32202722 denotes 7
32514316-31761573-28782520 6121-6122 31761573 denotes 9
32514316-31386104-28782521 6123-6125 31386104 denotes 10
32514316-32187459-28782522 7324-7326 32187459 denotes 11
32514316-32311763-28782523 8677-8679 32311763 denotes 14
32514316-32282022-28782524 9030-9032 32282022 denotes 15
32514316-32270559-28782525 9233-9235 32270559 denotes 16
32514316-32277018-28782526 12186-12188 32277018 denotes 17